INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
AT
Submitted by
NIKHIL MOHAN
Reg. No. 090909094
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................2
2. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................3
3. LOCATION AND TRANSPORTATION.......................................................6
4. SUSTAINABLE SITES.................................................................................9
5. WATER EFFICIENCY................................................................................17
6. ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE.................................................................27
7. CONCLUSION............................................................................................43
Page 1
1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I take great honour in submitting this project report of my Industrial Training completed
successfully in the Engineering Department of the Westin Mumbai Garden City.
I am very thankful to the management of The Westin Mumbai Garden City for giving me the
opportunity to be trained in their esteemed organization & for the completion of the report
within such a short period of time.
This report would not have been completed without the assistance, co-operation and
enthusiasm taken by Mr. Anup Dey (Head of Engineering) and Mr. S. David Naidu (Director
Human Resources) and the other managers at the hotel for their warm guidance throughout
the training period.
I would thank the employees of the Engineering Department, For showing me the ropes and
the workings of the hotel and the engineering involved in the running of such a vast
commercial complex.
Page 2
2.
INTRODUCTION
HAVC & R
o HVAC 3 plants functioning for the entire hotel
o Plate heat exchanger to remove heat from AHU water supply
o Distribution system
o Individual room AHUs
o Cooling towers
o Refrigeration systems for all kitchens
Plumbing
o Upward pumping to rooms and peripherals
o Booster pumps to maintain pressure
o Fire system standard pressure across building
o Sewage and treatment
o Irrigation
Lighting
Boilers and heaters
o Boilers for laundry and cleaning
Steam at 4 bar 157oC
o Heaters for room usage
Divded into 3 zones based on height to be pumped to
Direct fuel based heat exchangers
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certification. Prerequisites and credits differ for each rating system, and teams choose the
best fit for their project.
LEED is flexible enough to apply to all project types.
Each rating system groups requirements that address the unique needs of building and project types
on their path towards LEED certification. Once a project team chooses a rating system,
theyll use the appropriate credits to guide design and operational decisions.
There are five rating systems that address multiple project types:
Buildings
Schools
Retail
Hospitality
Data Centers
Warehouses &
Distribution Centers
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The scope of work at the hotel was defined when I suggested that it would be beneficial for the hotel
to perform a LEED analysis on the hotel and measure and check the compliance to energy
policy and make saving and leave less of a carbon footprint.
After surveying the property and being trained in the different working sections and systems of the
hotel I started the analysis to see if the property can be certified. Therefore I attained the
required information and started working on the checklist of requirements for certification
listed in the report below.
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3.
10
15
20
25
Page 6
30
35
40
45
10
50
11
55
12
60
13
65
14
70
15
Table 1
Active Status:
The property employs a workforce of 432 people for the functioning of 269 rooms including
all departments of the hotel. A large percentage of this workforce fall under level 3 (1-10
levels of employment, 10 being the highest as the general manager). After conducting a study
on the modes of transportation used by the employees, the following data was collected.
Walking
Bicycle
2 Wheelers
4 Wheelers
Public Busses
Local Trains
25
18
156
49
103
81
432
5.78
4.16
36.11
11.34
23.84
18.75
100
Table 2
He above data uses the mode of transport utilised for maximum distance of travel to sort the
sets of employees into the above categories. From the data it can be gathered that 66.20% of
the employees utilise alternative and public means of transport to arrive at the hotel.
The number of guests that arrive at the hotel are spread out over the length of the day,
however there is an increased influx at meal times and morning due to check in times and
Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
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walk-ins interested in meals. However being an upmarket establishment, less than 7% of the
guests arrive in alternative or public transport.
Therefore using this data to arrive at a weighted average for the number of guest and
employees at the building at the given time we find that 21.02% of the influx of people into
the building utilise a form of transport to arrive.
Points Awarded: 2 +5 = 7 points
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4.
SUSTAINABLE SITES
The selection of a site is not only important from a structural and safety standpoint, so as to
select a site that is stable, earthquake safe, not bound to compression, etc. But a site must also
preserve ecological integrity and provide a clean, well-maintained, and safe building exterior.
This checklist encourages environmentally sensitive site management practices that while
supporting high-performance building operations and integration into the surrounding
landscape.
4.1 Site DevelopmentProtect Or Restore Habitat
Requirements for 1-2 Points:
1. Have in place native or adapted vegetation on 20% of the total site area (including the
building footprint), a minimum of 5,000 square feet (465 square meters), to provide habitat
and promote biodiversity. (2 points)
OR
2. Provide financial support equivalent to at least $0.05 per square foot (US$0.50 per square
meter) for the total site area (including the building footprint). Financial support must be
provided annually to a nationally or locally recognized land trust or conservation
organization within the same EPA Level III ecoregion or the projects state (or within 100
miles [160 kilometers] for projects outside the U.S.). For U.S. projects, the land trust must be
accredited by the Land Trust Alliance. (1 point)
Active Status:
The figure below highlights the tree and landscaping cover near the property and over the
construction site. The site covers an area of approximately 26250 sqm. The actively used and
area the covers the construction is 10025 sqm. This as a fraction of the total area represents
38.19% and is concrete. Therefore 61.81% (16225 sqm) of the area is landscaped with
indigenous plants and is maintained with under the policy of the property. The landscaping is
Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
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also done with soil reclaimed from the construction of the property and therefore also reduces
the impact on the land.
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o Limit turf to 25% or less of the vegetated area. Playgrounds and athletic fields in schools or
parks are excluded from this option.
OR
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OR
o Show and maintain a 50% reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx)
emissions, and a 75% reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from baseline
conditions.
Active Status:
The following criteria were followed as such:
1. Calcium Chloride was used on all paved areas Fail
2. No or negligible ground area left un-vegetated to prevent erosion Pass
3. No construction in progress and renovations not likely in near future Pass
4. Composting done on site Pass
5. Compost used to fertilise and spot spraying practiced Pass
6. Manual irrigation, continuously monitored Pass
7. All substances stored in closed shed on-site Pass
The property failed to qualify for any of the above options.
Points Awarded: 0 points
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Monitoring protocols.
The improvement plan must address the following topics.
Hydrology. Protection and improvement of water bodies on-site, rainwater management and
reuse opportunities, potable water-use reduction.
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commercial office;
health clinic;
police offices;
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5.
WATER EFFICIENCY
Water is a rather precious resource in a city and therefore its use and efficiency of use
becomes extremely important. This set of criteria are set in place to ensure that the water is
utilized properly.
5.1 Indoor Water Use Reduction
Requirement for N/A Points:
If indoor plumbing systems were renovated after initial occupancy of the building, set a
whole-building average baseline by prorating the above limits, based on the proportion of
plumbing fixtures installed during the plumbing renovations in each period. Pre-1995
buildings that have had only minor fixture retrofits (e.g., aerators, showerheads, flushing
valves) but no plumbing renovations in or after 1995 may use the 150% baseline for the
whole building.
Calculate fixture and fitting performance to compare the water use of the as-installed fixtures
and fittings with the use of Uniform Plumbing Code or International Plumbing Codecompliant (baseline) fixtures and fittings.
Inspect all existing fittings or fixtures to ensure they are operating properly. Make any
repairs needed to bring all fixtures into good working order or permanently turn off water
supply to nonfunctional units.
Fixture or fitting
6 lpf
Urinal
3.8 lpf
Showerhead
Active Status:
Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
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The above criteria is a prerequisite for the building before the rest of the actual criteria for
points are active. The hotels standards met some of these by default, however, those that were
not met, were suggested to be altered to meet the required criteria follows:
Toilet 6lpf
Urinal 3.5lpf
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The water was also reclaimed after usage and treated on an on-site sewage treatment plant.
The metering was performed for this water as well as it was used directly for irrigation of the
landscaping.
Points Awarded: N/A
Option
1.
No
Irrigation
Required
(2
points)
Show that the landscape does not require irrigation beyond a maximum two-year plant
establishment period.
Water
Budget
Tool.
Option
3.
Irrigation
Meter
Installed
(12
points)
The baseline is established using the annual average of at least 3 years of consecutive data
out of the last 5 years. Points awarded on the reduction from baseline.
o 30% - 1point
o 40% - 2points
Active Status:
Since the landscaping around the hotel is vast and rainfall is extremely seasonal, there is a
need for irrigation. The irrigation is however done by water reclaimed from sewage treatment
and is managed in the form of manual spraying and partially automated spray irrigation. The
level of irrigation is also measured and monitored.
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However data was not available for the period of 3 years and only available for the last 3
months. The daily water meter reading for the consumption of water for irrigation were
averaged out and the baseline was found out based on the above readings, 2645litres of water.
A baseline reduction was suggested and new techniques for irrigation to improve to the
required baseline were suggested. The measure suggested were:
Drip irrigation
Grid flooding
Prognosis from the above study is the site does not meet required standards for water
consumption in outdoor usage. Therefore the criteria is failed.
Points Awarded: 0 points
Percentage
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Reduction
Confirm that calculations are up to date. Demonstrate that all purchases made since the end
of the performance period meet the design performance requirements.
Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
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OR
Meter fixtures and fittings, and record meter data for one year to establish a water-use
baseline. For projects with at least 80% of fixtures and fittings metered, show a reduction
from the baseline year of meter data.
Percentage Reduction
<5%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Active Status:
With a property such as a hotel. Further reduction in flow of water and usage is not
significantly possible. The data for the property reflected that even under stringent
conservation policies set forth by the engineering department, the usage cannot be limited as
the usage of water by guest cannot be curbed. Also brand standards for flow and use of water
cannot be violated therefore a maximum possible reduction in the usage of water in the
system is approx. 2-3%
This entitles the project to be 1 point on this scale and is limited to such by external factors.
Points Awarded: 1 point
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For cooling towers and evaporative condensers, conduct a potable water analysis within five
years of submission for certification, measuring at least the five control parameters listed in
Table.
Parameter [Ca (as CaCO3)]
Total alkalinity
1,000 ppm
SiO2
100 ppm
Cl
250 ppm
Conductivity
2000 S/cm
ppm
parts
per
million
Points (Data
Centers)
Centers)
filtration
affecting
levels
operation
or
of
minimum
10
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of treatment in condenser or
make-up-water
OR
Meet the minimum number of
Active Status:
From the first table the parameters of the water are
SiO2 98ppm
Cl 200ppm
SiO2 0.98
Cl 0.8
Conductivity 0.9175
Over the cycles of usage (10) the maximum values for the above rations never reached higher
than 1. The maximum values are given below.
SiO2 0.99
Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
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Cl 0.92
Conductivity 0.9821
Under the purviews of the above requirements the points awarded to the property for
management of the system are 2.
Points Awarded: 2 points
Irrigation. Meter water systems serving at least 80% of the irrigated landscaped area.
Calculate the percentage of irrigated landscape area as the total metered irrigated landscape
area divided by the total irrigated landscape area. Landscape areas fully covered with
xeriscaping or native vegetation that requires no routine irrigation may be excluded from the
calculation.
Indoor plumbing fixtures and fittings. Meter water systems serving at least 80% of the indoor
plumbing fixtures and fittings listed in WE Prerequisite Indoor Water-Use Reduction, either
directly or by deducting all other measured water use from the measured total water
consumption of the building and grounds.
Cooling towers. Meter replacement water use of all cooling towers serving the facility.
Domestic hot water. Meter water use of at least 80% of the installed domestic hot water
heating capacity (including both tanks and on-demand heaters).
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Reclaimed water. Meter reclaimed water, regardless of rate. A reclaimed water system with a
makeup water connection must also be metered so that the true reclaimed water component
can be determined.
Other process water. Meter at least 80% of expected daily water consumption for process end
uses, such as humidifiers, dishwashers, clothes washers, and pools.
All meters, including whole-building meters, must be recorded at least weekly and used in a
regular analysis of time trends.
Meters must be calibrated within the manufacturers recommended interval if the building
owner, management organization, or tenant owns the meter. Meters owned by third parties
(e.g., utilities or governments) are exempt.
Active Status:
Sub-systems with meters present:
Irrigation
Cooling Tower
Reclaimed Water
Pool
Kitchen Areas
Points Awarded: 4 points
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6.
any changes in schedules or set points for different seasons, days of the week, and times of
day;
Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
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a systems narrative describing the mechanical and electrical systems and equipment in the
building; and
a preventive maintenance plan for building equipment described in the systems narrative.
Active Status:
Comparing to the points mentioned the checklist and status of the above mentioned points is:
The hotel functions on a large number of laterally running parallel system set in place to run
simultaneously.
The building has a staff occupancy schedule but since the building itself cannot predict or
regulate the influx of guests into the hotel an accurate schedule of occupancy cannot be set
forth.
All equipment across the hotel, except specific machinery like, AHUs, booster pumps,
appliances in the kitchen can have and have continuous running hours and are managed and
monitored accordingly.
Air conditioning set points are variable and based on usage per room. Through this the set
points for the system itself cannot be put forward as the load on the system is very widely
varying.
The lighting level throughout the building in public areas is constant. The restaurants have
lighting that is turned off in the night. All other set points are set as active or not. The lights
in the rrom also have variable set points based on usage.
The set points for property vary significantly with season. During winter the performance and
energy requirement set points for the HVAC systems are lower and the building lighting set
point go higher due to lower temperatures and smaller days.
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A system narrative is present and is used to monitor a constant use of each subsystem, i.e. the
mechanical systems such as plumbing, HVAC, refrigeration, etc and electrical systems that
provide direct power to these and the central guest room grid.
Preventive maintenance of the buildings and its systems is taken care of and acts on a
constant basis.
Points Awarded: N/A
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Demonstrate energy efficiency performance that is 25% better than the median energy
performance of similar buildings by benchmarking against the national source energy data
provided in the Portfolio Manager tool.
Path 2. National Average Data Not Available
If national average source energy data are unavailable for buildings of similar type,
benchmark against the building site energy data of at least three similar buildings,
normalized for climate, building use, and occupancy. Demonstrate a 25% improvement.
OR
Option 2. Benchmark against Historical Data
If national average source energy data are unavailable, compare the buildings site energy
data for the previous 12 months with the data from three contiguous years of the previous
five, normalized for climate, building use, and occupancy. Demonstrate a 25% improvement.
Active Status:
All energy consumption meters of the building are very accurately calibrated as the energy
consumption on the property is very high and cannot sustain additional costs. The energy
meters in the building are constantly checked and made sure are working properly.
The above ensure that all energy consumed by the building is accurately measured and
monitored. The hotel also maintains strict logs of energy usage and maintains a very strict
regime of control on the consumption. The hotel maps the usage for peaks and checks for
such are done to see why the consumption on the given day were higher.
Option 2 was taken into consideration as historical data for other buildings could not be
procured. This left the option of mapping data and consumption for the previous 5 years. The
property however has only been on site for 2 years. Unsure of whether this would
automatically disqualify the property or not, the analysis was carried out.
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The median of energy consumption for the hotel on a daily basis median averaged out at
26550.8 units. This daily average when compared to systems utilized in the last year, showed
only as little as 2% improvement.
Since the 25% improvement was required from the building, this re-requisite has failed.
However recommendations have to be made for the improvement of the energy needs for the
building to approach the benchmark and deliver on the awardable criteria. The
recommendations were made:
Use of LED lamps across all public and private guest area of the hotel.
Increased energy control and increased monitoring of the HVAC and peripheral systems
Refrigeration units in kitchen area can employ a cascading expansion valve system and be
placed more strategically to improve performance.
Improved flow and use of AHUs in the system can improve efficiency of cooling. Improved
location of vents and outlets in public area were suggested.
The faade of the building was suggested to have to it added an extra layer of reflective
coating
Points Awarded: N/A
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Compile meter data into monthly and annual summaries; meter readings can be manual or
automated.
Commit to sharing with USGBC the resulting energy consumption data and electrical
demand data (if metered) for a five-year period beginning on the date the project accepts
LEED certification or typical occupancy, whichever comes first. At a minimum, energy
consumption must be tracked at one-month intervals.
This commitment must carry forward for five years or until the building changes ownership
or lessee.
Active Status:
The building has pre-installed meters and sub-meters for each system. The fuel meters are
separate from the central system as fuel is manually fed to the boiler and the water heaters.
All data and stats for the building are available in extremely well kept logs and was collated
to find the average monthly and yearly consumption.
The hotel intends to maintain strict and thorough logs for usage and cost purposes and are
sustained and maintained.
Points Awarded: N/A
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economically feasible if the simple payback of the replacement or conversion is greater than
10 years. Perform the following economic analysis:
Simple Payback=
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commissioning process;
a description of the approach for identifying and analyzing facility improvement
opportunities;
the process for reviewing and prioritizing identified opportunities with the owner and
the audit team members and their roles and responsibilities during the audit process;
a description of the approach for identifying and analyzing facility improvement
opportunities;
the process for reviewing and prioritizing identified opportunities with the owner and
5 members will be a part of the audit team each allotted a separate role, each allotted their
specialty field to make for efficient analysis. The fields selected are HVAC, lighting,
plumbing, and refrigeration systems.
Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
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A part by part analysis subjecting the system to stress tests to see changes in performance.
The systems will then be checked for losses and improvements will be suggested.
The reviewing and prioritizing cannot be done under my purview of study as it is over my
level of authorization. However once the changes are selected and ordered the process will
carry forward.
The tender for the above can be easily made once the decision for parts and changes being
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Active Status:
We applied the requirements below to all direct energy-consuming or energy-producing
systems, including lighting, process loads, HVAC & R, domestic water heating, and
renewable energy.
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77
78
79
80
81
82
83
10
84
11
85
12
86
13
87
14
88
15
89
16
90
17
91
18
93
19
95
20
Page 37
Projects not eligible to use EPAs rating system may compare their buildings energy
performance with
35
10
that of
comparable
36
11
buildings,
using national
37
12
averages or
actual buildings,
38
13
or with the
previous
39
14
performance of
40
15
41
16
42
17
43
18
44
19
45
20
building.
Option 1.
Benchmark
against Typical
Buildings (120
the project
Points
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Page 38
Percentage improvement
Points
27
30
33
36
39
10
42
12
45
14
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OR
Option 3. Benchmark against Both Similar Buildings and Historical Data
Follow the requirements of both Option 1, Path 2, and Option 2 to benchmark against the
site energy data for the three similar buildings and the buildings historic data. Use Table 2
to determine points.
Active Status:
The data for the above was collected and option 3 using historical data as for the pre-requisite
was collated and set for the above and as per the given guide lines. The building
improvement in energy consumption was negligible as compared to historical data as no
significant changes to the systems in the hotel were made in the recent past.
This therefore, since once already disqualified for the above criteria does not earn the site any
leverage or points.
Points Awarded: 0 points
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Green power and RECs must be Green-e Energy Certified or the equivalent. RECs can be
used only to mitigate the effects of Scope 2, electricity use.
Carbon offsets may be used to mitigate Scope 1 or Scope 2 emissions on a metric ton of
carbon dioxideequivalent basis and must be Green-e Climate certified, or the equivalent.
For U.S. projects, the offsets must come from greenhouse gas emissions reduction projects
within the U.S.
Use the following equation to calculate credit, up to the 5-point limit:
Active Status:
The hotel does not employ any form of renewable energy. All energy utilized by the hotel is
bought off of the grid. Since the site is surrounded by city and has constraints of space, no
possibility of adding renewable energy can be added. Therefore this criteria has failed.
Points Awarded: 0 points
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7. CONCLUSION
The hotel has a lot of scope for improvement in terms of energy policy and environmental
policy changes to improve its systems. The changes above have been suggested are only a
small section of the full report needed and produced while working at the Westin Mumbai
Garden City.
The full LEED analysis of the hotel is a massive feat that if given a longer opportunity to
work with the hotel I would have pursued and applied for accreditation of the building. The
current status of the building and my opportunity there limits the scope of my study.
From the above, the total credits earned by the property so far are: 18 points.
The total point that could have been awarded to the hotel are
: 68 points.
The LEED criteria for a silver (minimum successful rating) is 50 points. The hotel can strive
to achieve the rating or even higher, however the expense and the work required might offset
the benefit towards the environment.
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