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FLUID MECHANICS ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1,2

SUBMIT ON OR BEFORE 12th November 2014
1. Derive Bernoullis equation. State the assumptions.
2. Evaluate the momentum correction factor for a pipe flow if the velocity profile
r2 r2
v v max 0 2
r0

.
satisfies the equation

3. Find the discharge of water flowing through a pipe 30 cm diameter placed in an

inclined position where a venturimeter is inserted, having a throat diameter of 15 cm.
The difference of pressure between the main and throat is measured by a liquid of
specific gravity 0.6 in an inverted U-tube which gives a reading of 30 cm. the loss of
head between the main and throat is 0.2 times the kinetic head of the pipe.
4. A vertical venturimeter carries a liquid of relative density 0.8 and has inlet and
throat diameters 150 mm and 75 mm respectively. The pressure connection at the
throat is 150 mm above that at inlet. If the actual rate of flow is 40 litres/sec, and the
coefficient of discharge is 0.96, calculate (a) the pressure difference between inlet and
throat, and (b) the difference of levels in a vertical U-tube mercury manometer
connected between these two points.
5. A 30 cm x 15 cm diameter venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipeline carrying
oil of specific gravity 0.9, the flow being upwards. The difference in elevations of the
throat section and entrance section of the venturimeter is 30 cm. The differential Utube mercury manometer shows a gauge deflection of 25 cm. Calculate (i) the
discharge of the oil, and (ii) the pressure difference between the entrance and throat
section. Take the discharge co-efficient as 0.98 and the rl. dn. of mercury as 13.6.
6. Oil of relative density 0.85 issues from a 50 mm diameter orifice under a pressure
of 100 kPa (gauge). The diameter of the vena contracta is 39.5 mm and the discharge
is 18 litres/s. What is the coefficient of velocity?
7. In a 24 cm diameter pipe an orificemeter of 12 cm is inserted to measure the rate of
flow of kerosene (rl. dn. 0.80). A differential manometer connected to the two sides of
the orificemeter gives a reading of 72 cm of mercury. If C d for the orificemeter is
0.62, calculate the discharge in the pipe.
8. Water is flowing in a pipe of 25 cm diameter. It is found that the average velocity of
flow in the pipe is 80 percent of the maximum velocity of water. Static pressure head
recorded by a piezometer is found to be 1 cm of mercury and the stagnation pressure
head measured by a Pitot tube is 1.2 m of water. If the coefficient of velocity is 0.97,
calculate the rate of flow of water in the pipe.
9. Derive momentum equation for steady flow.

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10. The force exerted by a 25 mm jet of water on a flat plate held normal to the jet is
650 N. What is the flow rate? Had the plate been moving in the same direction as that
of the jet with a velocity of 9 m/s, what force would the jet exert on the plate?
11. A 45 reducing pipe-bend in a horizontal plane tapers from 600 mm diameter at
inlet to 300 mm diameter at outlet. The pressure at inlet is 140 kPa and the rate of
flow of water through the bend is 0.425 m 3/s. Neglecting friction, calculate the net
resultant force exerted by the water on the bend.
12. The diameter of a pipe-bend is 300 mm at inlet and 150 mm at outlet. The flow is
turned through 120 in a vertical plane. The axis at inlet is horizontal and the centre of
the outlet is 1.4 m below the centre of inlet. Total volume of fluid contained in the
bend is 0.085 m3. Neglecting friction, calculate the net force exerted on the bend by
water flowing at 0.23 m3/s when the inlet pressure is 140 kPa.
13. Water flows through a 90 reducer-bend. The pressure at inlet is 206 kN/m2
(gauge) where cross-sectional area is 0.01 m 2. At the exit section, the area is 0.0025
m2 and the velocity is 15 m/s. The pressure at the exit is atmospheric. Determine the
force required to hold the bend in place.
14. Velocity potential in a two dimensional flow field is represented by
2 x.(3 y 1) What is the velocity of flow at the point (3,5)? Also obtain the stream
function .
15. The velocity components in a two-dimensional flow field for an incompressible
y3
x3
u
2x x 2 y
v xy 2 2 y
3
3 . Obtain an expression for the
fluid are:
and
stream function.
16. A pumping plant forces water through a 600 mm diameter main, the friction head
being 27 m. in order to reduce the power consumption, it is proposed to lay another
main of appropriate diameter alongside the existing one so that the two pipes may
work in parallel for the entire length and reduce the friction head to 9.6 m only. Find
the diameter of the new main so that the new system is similar to the existing one in
every respect.
17. Two reservoirs are connected by a 250 mm diameter and 3000 m long pipe. The
difference in levels of water surface of the two reservoirs is 15 m. find the discharge
to the lower reservoir.
If a 250 mm diameter additional pipe is attached to the last 1500 m length of the
existing pipe, find the new discharge to the lower reservoir. Neglect secondary losses.
Take f = 0.01.

18. Oil of density 900 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity 0.0002 m2/s flows through an
inclined pipe of diameter 60 mm as shown in figure. At sections 1 and 2, 10 m apart,

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10 m
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the pressure intensities are 360 kPa and 275 kPa respectively. Assuming steady
laminar flow, find (i) the direction of flow, and (ii) rate of flow. Justify that the results
are consistent with laminar flow.

19. Oil of relative density 0.9 and dynamic viscosity 2.5 poises is pumped through a
100 mm diameter pipe 500 m long at a rate of 2 litres/s. (i) Find the Reynolds number
of the flow, (ii) Calculate the pressure required at the pump if the outlet end, which is
free, is at 20 m above the pump level, and (iii) what would be the power input if the
overall efficiency of the pump set is 65%.
20. Derive Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in the circular pipe and obtain
the relation between the mean velocity of flow and maximum velocity in the pipe..