PATHOPHYSIOLOGY BOOK BASED

Precipitating factors:
1. frequent or chronic infections
2. eating too much sweets
3. development of glucose
intolerance during drug
therapy
4. delivery of over 9 lbs infants
5. diet
6. sedentary lifestyle

Predisposing factors:
1. family history of DM
2. obesity
3. Age above 40
Insulin resistance

Exhaustion of beta cells

Insulin production/
decrease secretion of
insulin

Degradation of proteins

Absorption of glucose by the cell

Breakdown of fat

Cell starvation
Legend:
Stimulation of hunger mechanism via hypothalamus

Hunger

Green Disease
Process
Violet Signs and
Symptoms
Blue - Factors
Black Complications
Red- -Disease
Orange- Laboratory

POLYPHAGIA

Legend:
Green Disease
Process
Violet Signs and
Symptoms
Blue - Factors
Black Complications
Red- -Disease
Orange- Laboratory

FBS 140 mg/dL

HYPERGLYCEMIA

FBS to 180 mg/dL

Kidney filtration mechanism impaired

Nerve Demyelinization

Capillary basement
membrane thickening

GLYCOSURIA

Acidity of urine

NEUROPATHY

Diffuse glomerular
sclerosis
Urethral flora

Paresthesias &
numbness

NEPHROPATHY

Impaired pain
sensation
NON-HEALING
ULCERS
Gangrene

UTI

Delayed wound
healing

Circulating
blood volume
Hypovolemia

HYPOTENSION &
TACHYCARDIA

Vaginitis

POLYURIA &
ALBUMINURIA

Renal failure

End-Stage Renal
Disease

F & E imbalance

Number of solute relative to water

Legend:
Green Disease
Process
Violet Signs and
Symptoms
Blue - Factors
Black Complications
Red- -Disease
Orange- Laboratory

Potassium ion retention

Sodium ions lost

Cardiac arrythmias

Tissue
dehydration

DEATH

POLYDIPSIA

Increase viscosity of
blood

Capillary basement
membrane thickening

Thickening of blood
vessel walls

Musculoskeletal effects

Abnormal retinal
vascular permeability

Occlusion of plaque

Impaired glucose absorption in

the muscle tissue

Blood flow blocked

Scarring

Blood pressure

RETINOPATHY

HYPERTENSION

Blurring of vision
Blindness
blindness

Stroke

Joint contractures
Myocardial
ischemia
Myocardial
infarction

Diminished
peripheral
pulse

Heart Failure

FATIGUE

 Breakdown of fat

Fatty acids &

glycerol

Fat content of the

blood

Weight Loss

ketone bodies in the

general circulation
hydroxybutyric acid
acetoacetic acid
acetone

Hyperlipidemia

Convulsions

Metabolic acidosis

Formation of fatty
deposits on the
walls of the blood
vessels
Acetone breath
Atherosclerosis

Nausea and vomiting

Abdominal pain

Poor appetite

Cellular Potassium

Cardiac arrhythmias

Body attempts to prevent

further decrease in pH

Depressed central
nervous system

Kussmauls respirations

Legend:
Green Disease
Process
Violet Signs and
Symptoms
Blue - Factors
Black Complications
Red- -Disease
Orange- Laboratory

Headache

Coma

Legend:

Amino acid in the

general circulation

Green Disease
Process
Violet Signs and
Symptoms
Blue - Factors
Black Complications
Red- -Disease
Orange- Laboratory

Mobilization /
degradation of proteins

Hyperaminoacidemia

Decreased urinary
nitrogen

Further sodium ion loss

Potassium ion retention

Dehydration

Cardiac arrhythmias

DEATH

hunger