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Internet
Layer

A.I.

INTERNET LAYER

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

DEFINITION

Tcp/Ip model

robotics

Internet
protocol suite

Ethical issues

Who needs
Humans?

Definition
is a group of internetworking methods, protocols,
and specifications in the Internet protocol
suite that are used to
transport datagrams (packets) from the
originating host across network boundaries, if
necessary, to the destination host specified by a
network address (IP address) which is defined for
this purpose by the Internet Protocol (IP).

FUNCTIONS
For outgoing packets, select the next-hop host
(gateway) and transmit the packet to this host by
passing it to the appropriate link
layer implementation;
For incoming packets, capture packets and pass the
packet payload up to the appropriate transport
layer protocol, if appropriate.
Provide error detection and diagnostic capability.

TWO TYPES OF IP

Internet Protocol (IPV4)

Internet Protocol (IPv6)

SECURITY
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a suite of
protocols for securing Internet Protocol (IP)
communications by authenticating and encrypting
each IP packet in a data stream. IPsec also includes
protocols for cryptographic key establishment. IPsec
was originally designed as a base specification in
IPv6 in 1995, and later adapted to IPv4, with which it
has found widespread use in securing virtual private
networks.

TIDBITS
IP-based packets.
Checksum is used to protect the header of
each datagram. The checksum ensures that
the information in a received header is
accurate, however, IP does not attempt to
detect errors that may have occurred to the
data in each packet.

Cont.
Handling errors and
fragmentation and
reassembling, all of which are
discussed in the sections that
follow.

RELATION AND VARIATION

the internet layer is often improperly
called network layer, in analogy to the OSI model.
OSI's network layer is a catch-all layer for all
protocols that facilitate network functionality. The
internet layer, on the other hand, is specifically a
suite of protocols that
facilitate internetworking using the Internet
Protocol.

Core protocols
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a routable
protocol responsible for IP addressing,
routing, and the fragmentation and
reassembly of packets.

Core protocols
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is
responsible for the resolution of the
Internet layer address to the Network
Interface layer address such as a
hardware address.

Core protocols

The Internet Group Management

Protocol (IGMP) is responsible for
the management of IP multicast
groups.

Core Protocols
The Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP) is responsible for
providing diagnostic functions and
reporting errors due to the
unsuccessful delivery of IP packets.

Device/s
Switching hub- a special type of hub that forwards
packets to the appropriate port based on the
packet's address. Conventional hubs simply
rebroadcast every packet to every port. Since
switching hubs forward each packet only to the
required port, they provide much better
performance. Most switching hubs also
support load balancing, so that ports are
dynamically reassigned to different
LAN segments based on traffic patterns.

Device/s
Router- is a device that forwards
data packets along networks. A router
is connected to at least two networks,
commonly two LANs or WANs or a
LAN and its ISP's network. Routers are
located at gateways, the places where
two or more networks connect.