Chapter One

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Wellness Optimal health and vitality

The Dimensions of Wellness

Physical
Emotional
Intellectual
Interpersonal (or Social)
Spiritual
Environmental
Other aspects: Occupational and Financial

The dimensions of wellness interact continuously,

influencing and being influenced by one another

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1900 versus today

Infectious disease
A disease that is communicable from one person to
another

Chronic disease
A disease that develops and continues over a long
period of time

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Number
of Deaths

Causes of Death

Number
of Deaths

Heart disease

616,067

Diabetes mellitus

71,382

Cancer

562,875

Influenza and pneumonia

52,717

Stroke

135,952

Chronic lower
respiratory diseases

127,924

Kidney disease

46,448
34,828

Unintentional injuries

123,706

Septicemia (systemic blood

infection)

Alzheimer's disease

74,632

Intentional self-harm
(suicide)

34,598

Chronic liver disease

29,165

Causes of Death

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Healthy life
66.2 years

Life expectancy
77.9 years
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Impaired life
11.7 years

Number of
Deaths
per year

Percentage of
Total Deaths
per year

Tobacco

440,000

18.1

Obesity

112,000

4.6

Alcohol

85,000

3.5

Microbial agents

75,000

3.1

Toxic agents

55,000

2.3

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Healthy People 2020 objectives:

Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and
improve the health of all groups
Create social and physical environments that promote
good health for all
Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors
across every stage of life
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Healthy Campus 2010

Based on the guidelines of Healthy People 2010, but
designed specifically for college students
Assists colleges in developing plans to improve
student health
More than 200 health-related objectives

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Sex and Gender

Ethnicity
Income and Education
Disability
Geographic location
Sexual orientation

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Figure 1.4 Self-rated Health Status

and Quality of Care

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14

Health habits
Heredity/Family history
Environment
Access to health care
Behavior can make a difference!

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15

Getting serious about your health

Examine current health habits

Choose a target behavior
Learn about your target behavior
Find help

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Examine the pros and cons of change

Boost self-efficacy
Locus of control
Internal control versus external control

Visualization and self-talk

Role models and supportive people
Identify and overcome key barriers to change

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The transtheoretical, or stages of change, model:

Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination

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19

Forgive yourself
Give yourself credit for the progress you have
already made
Move on

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1.
2.
3.
4.

Monitor your behavior and gather data

Analyze the data and identify patterns
Be SMART about setting goals
Devise a plan of action

5.

Get what you need

Modify your environment
Control related habits
Reward yourself
Involve the people around you
Plan for challenges

Make a personal contract

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Figure 1.7 A Sample Behavior Change

Contract

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Stick to your commitment.

Remember your reasons to make changes.
Remember, you are the boss.
Use all your strategies.
Make sure your environment is change-friendly.
Get support and encouragement from others.
Keep track of your progress in a health journal.
Give yourself regular rewards.
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Social influences
Levels of motivation and commitment
Choice of techniques and level of effort
Stress barriers
Procrastinating, rationalizing, and blaming

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Making changes in your world

What does the future hold?

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Chapter One

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