Nestle Milkpak Ltd.

1
THE NESTLE STORY
Nestle S.A. the present Switzerland based international food
group, originally consisted of two companies and two products:
Henri Nestle and his baby food in Vevey, and the Anglo-Swiss
Condensed Milk company and its condensed Milk Company and
its condensed milk in Cham, both in Switzerland. In 1866 the
Page Brothers form the United States set up a new industry in
Cham, making condensed milk from a raw material that was
available in abundance in the region. In 1867 Henri Nestle a
chemist in Vevey, created a milk and cereal based food for
babies. The companies competed vigorously until 1905, when
they merged and became the starting point of the present food
group.
DYNAMIC EXPANSION
The history of Nestle include the development of many different
products as well as acquisitions, mergers and the purchasing of
shares in companies, mainly abroad, over the course of the tears,
this enabled it to broaden its range of products and diversify its
operations, while at the same time strengthening the economic
foundations of the company. Amongst the most important
acquisitions were Carnation in Los Angeles (milk products and pet
foods) and more recently Rowntree Mackintosh in York (chocolate
and confectionery), Buitoni in Perugia (pasa) as well as Perrier in
France (mineral water).
Nestle which does 98% of its business outside Switzerland, also
has interests in non-food sectors, in cosmetics (a large share
holding in LOreal) and ophthalmic products (acquisition of Alcon
laboratories Inc.) while continuing to give priority to food
products.
NESTLE TODAY
Nestle is now the worlds largest food company. It is present on
five continents, has an annual turnover 70 billion Swiss francs,
runs 522 factories in 81 countries, 200operating companies, 1
basic research center and 20 technological development group
and more than 231,000 employees the world over.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.2

The company owes its current status to the pioneering spirit
inherited from its founders which continues to inspire it, to its
constant search for new ways of satisfying mans mutational
needs.
Wherever possible, it sets up factories locally, employees
personnel from the country concerned and relies on indigenous
raw materials. Its agricultural services provide assistance to
improve the quality and yield of the raw materials it uses. Much
attention is devoted to professional training and to the
integration of the company in its economics and social
environment.
Nestle Milkpak Ltd.
As a consequence of joint venture arrangement between Nestle
S.A. of Switzerland and Milkpak Ltd. In 1988, the existing
production facility of Milkpak in Sheikhupura became a part of
Nestle Milkpak.
The Milkpak Sheikhupura factory had commenced operations in
1981 as a producer of UHT milk. By 1988, it had expanded its
operation and was also producing butter, cream, Desi ghee all
under the brand name of MILKPAK and juice drinks under the
brand name FROST.
Conscious of the large food market that Pakistan offered, Nestle
Milkpak drew up ambitious expansion plans. While re-organizing
and re-enforcing the production of existing brands, it lost no time
in giving shape to new production lines. The first to come was a
milk powder plant, which not only began producing NIDO in 1990
but was also critical to the production of several milk-based
products in the future. With the installation of the roller dryer in
1990, the first such product to come was CERELAC an
internationally recognized brand on infant cereal, followed by
LACTOGEN 1 & 2 in 1991.
The year 1992 saw the introduction of tea whitener EVERYDAY
and milk powder in bulk packing named GLORIA. MILO and
NESLAC came under production in 1994 and MILO RTD, In 1995.
Local packing of coffee mixes under the name of NESCAFE 3 in 1
commenced the same year. In 1996, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. first
confectionery plant of POLO Mint was installed and the line of
NESTLE PURE ORANGE JUICE was also added. Packaging of coffee

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.3

under the brand name NESCAFE CLASSIC was undertaken the
same year. In 1997 NESTLE WHEAT and two variants of POLO viz.
strawberry and Orange were introduced.
1998 has been, by far, the most outstanding year for Nestle
Milkpak. As a result of the timely implementation of major
expansion plans, involving a substantial capital outlay, no less
than 17 products were launched during the year. Significantly,
the factory now houses three new flavors of POLO in addition to
two flavors of POLO, namely Blackcurrent and Strong Mint
brought the number of POLO variants to five. A new variant
Lemony was added to the range of popular FROST fruit drink
flavors and a new 1-liter packing of FROST was introduced. Three
flavored milk Vanilla, Strawberry and Mango, under the brand
FRESH & FRUITY, came under production on the new Tetra Filling
Machine equipped with the modern slim format. MILO RTD and
UHT Cream were also shifted over to this new format. A flexible
confectionery line for the manufacture of a wide range of high
and low boiled sweets and toffees was commissioned, with
TOFFO and two variants of SOOTHERS Menthol Eucalyptus and
Honey Lemon, being the maiden products. Nestle Milkpak also
contracted to supply dairy mixes to McDonalds, for its popular
soft serves and milk shakes. And to top it all, the most prestigious
project, NESTLE PURE LIFE was also commissioned in December
1998. based on the latest water treatment and bottling
technology, this marked the entry of Nestle Milkpak in the
Pakistan water market.
In the past, Indus Fruit Products Ltd. has been co-processing fruit
pulping for Nestle Milkpak. In view of the growing needs of fruit
pulp for its products as well as for exports, Nestle Milkpak entered
into a 5-year lease agreement with the management enables
Nestle Milkpak to put in place its own systems to ensure better
product quality and capacity utilization. The new cold sauces
production line has been established at this plant.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.4

ESTABLISHMENT OF NESTLE MILKPAK, KABIRWALA
FACTORY
In 1986 Milkpak Ltd. acquired the services of Kabirwala Dairy Ltd.
For co packing of UHT milk under the brand name MILKPAK.
Nestle Milkpak acquired KDL in 1990 as a subsidiary and began
installation on a MAGGI NOODLES plant in 1991. this production
line became operational in 1992 with two flavors: Chicken and
Masala. This second milk powder plant was commissioned in
September 1996. the plant produces NIDO, GLORIA and skim milk
powder. The UHT line was discontinued in June 1996 and the
same year witnessed the launching of the MAGGI YAKHNI line
with 3 flavors: Chicken, Masala and Chatpata.
With the merger of this factory with Nestle Milkpak in April 1997,
Kabirwala Factory, as it is now called, is a fully owned unit of
Nestle Milkpak Ltd.
In February 1999 the newly installed evaporator came on stream
in Kabirwala Factory, doubling the output of the spray dryer.
Alongside, the warehouse capacity at Kabirwala to handle the
increased volumes of finished products was proportionately
increased. 1999 also saw the installation of a pouch-filling
machine,
making
Kabirwala
Factory
independent
from
Sheikhupura for the filling of full cream milk powder.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.5

CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Head Office
The registered and corporate office of Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is in
Lahore.
308 Upper Mall Lahore
PABX:

5757082-95

Fax:

5711820

Factories
There are two factories of Nestle Milkpak Ltd. For dairy products.
Sheikhupura:
29th km, Lahore - Sheikhupura Road,
Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan.
Kabirwala:
Khanewal Kabirwala Road, Kabirwala
District Khanewal, Punjab, Pakistan.
There are two plants for Mineral Water situated in:
Islamabad :
Karachi:
REGIONAL OFFICES
Company has ten regional sales offices in following cities of
Pakistan:
Karachi
Hyderabad
Sukkhar

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.6

Lahore
Multan
Faisalabad
Gujanwala
Quetta
Islamabad
Peshawar

MILK COLLECTION CENTERS

The core raw material of Nestle Milkpak is milk. Over the last
thirteen years the company prime concern has been to improve
the quality and volume of milk for UHT processing and for other
milk base products. So the company has twenty-five milk
collection centers in Pakistan.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.7

DIVISIONS OF NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.
Production Division
Quality Assurance. Depet
Brand Wise Production
Departments
Packaging Department

HR Division
Personnel Department

Marketing Division
Customer Relation Department
Distribution Department
Research & Development
Department

Milk Collection Division

Agricultural Services
Department
Logistic Department

Finance Division
Treasury Department
Accounts Department

Products

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.8

Year

Product Name

1981

UHT Milk

1983

Butter

1986

Milk Pak Cream

Desi Ghee
Frost Juice
Milk Pak UHT Milk

1990

Nido
Cerelac

1991

Nestum
Lectogen

1992

Everyday Tea Whitener

Gloria
Maggis Noodles

1994

Milo
Neslac

1995

Millo RTD
Nescafe 3 in 1

1996

Every day UHT Milk

Nestle Orange Juice

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.9

Nestea
Polo
Nescafe Classic
Maggi Yakhni
1997

Nestle Wheat

1998

Toffo
Soothers
Nestle Pure Life

1999

Maggi Sauces
Fruit Drops
Butter Skotch

2001

Nescafe Creamy Flavors

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.10

Role of Nestle Milkpak Ltd. in Industry
Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is the market leader in food and beverage
industry. They are producing high quality well known brands.
There no is such competitor that can compete Nestle Milkpak Ltd.
in its total product mix. There are a few local competitors of the
company in different product item. These competitors are:
Rafhan:
Rafhan is competing Nestle in infant and follow up cereals.
Shezan and Bambino:
Shezan and Bambino are competing Nestle Milkpaks local
brand Frost.
CDL and Adar-e-kisan:
These two competitors are competing in milk and milk
powder products.
In spite of this competition, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is enjoying about
70-75% market share in Pakistan.
Selected Products

In order to satisfy the prime objective of this report, we have

selected following to product lines of Nestle Milkpak Ltd.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.11

1. Condensed Milk

Mission
Wherever you live, only Nestle can provide the best and most
relevant food and beverage products to meet your needs
throughout your day, throughout your life. The Nestle Network
icon will take you on the journey of discovery through our world
of food.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.12

OBJECTIVES OF NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.
Nestle Milkpak believes in following objectives:
The major objective of the company is to sell high quality,
innovative and superior products which satisfy needs and wants
of consumers.
Nestle not maximize profit through high market share but use
maximize customers satisfaction. Nestle earn profit through
satisfaction of consumer.
The health of consumer and employees is at primary priorities. To
ensure consumers health, Nestle provide quality products and for
employee health. Nestle provide the pollution free environment
and provide the medical facilities.
Nestle establish policies, programs and practices to conduct
operation in an environmentally sound manner.
Nestle operate to achieve highest standard of ethical conduct,
which acquire companys activities and relationship world-wide in
each business sector.
Nestle aim to deal only with reputable suppliers who willing to
apply Nestle Quality Standard.
Nestle has been committed to environmentally sound business
practices throughout the world.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.13

CORPORATE STRATEGY
Corporate strategy defines the direction of the organization over
the long term and determines the goals that must be achieved
for the firm to be successful.
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
The top management of Nestle MilkPak continuously carries on
environmental scanning and within the environmental trends.
Opportunities & opportunities they carry on required adjustments
in their organization to remain variable and to survice in the face
of competition.
CORE COMPETENCIES
Nestle Milk Pak has the following core competencies.
WORK FORCE
Nestle Milk Pak has a small work force as their most of the
operations are automated. They have a very skillful and trained
workforce.
FACILITIES
The NMs facilities i.e. offices stores and plants are very well
located and have the requisite capabilities, which is a big
competitive advantage for them.

SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY

NM is an organization which heavily depends upon new systems
and technologies to excel in the market. The organization is well

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.14

equipped with new developed
especially n their operations.

systems

and

technologies

COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES
Following are the competitive priorities of NM.
i.

Consistent quality

ii.

Development speed

iii.

Volume flexibility

QUALITY
Quality is the cone competitive priority of NM. They take quality
in two ways. High performance design and consistent quality.
CONSISTENT QUALITY
NM pays special attention for maintaining consistent quality. They
have special sort of equipments and process which facilitates in
maintaining a consistent quality. So the each and every unit of its
product equally satisfies its customers.
DEVELOPMENT SPEED
As for as develop speed is concerned NM is the industry leader
not only in Pakistan but all over the world. They have a team of
very innovative people which consistently focus on the
development of new products and to improve the already existing
products.
VOLUME FLEXIBILITY
Volume flexibility is one of the competitive priority of NM. When
the availability of Milk is high in winter season they increase their
production as the milk cannot be stored for longer period of time.
In season when there is shortage of milk their production rates

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.15

dropped. So they can adjust their volume of production according
to their requirements.
FLOW STRATEGY
Flow strategy is one of the primary element of operations
strategy. Based on competitive priorities a flow strategy is
selected. It specifies has the operations system to be organized
and handled. For different set of products different flow strategies
can be implemented.
LINE FLOW STRATEGY
NM has adopted the line flow strategy here the system is
organized around the product. In this strategy all products follow
linear pattern in facility. NM has high volume production with
highly automated facility and huge capital investment is there
and the standardized products they produce. So they follow the
line strategy.
STRATEGIES BASED ON FLOW
Following are the flow based strategies adopted by NM.
MAKE TO STOCK STRATEGY
NM follows the make to stock strategy. They have high volume
production and the demand for their products can be forecasted
quite well, there exist repetition of work and a consistent quality
is maintained old these priorities lead to make to stock strategy.
STANDARDIZED SERVICE STRATEGY
The products which are provided by NM are standardized.
Therefore the standardized service strategy also exist in NM Ltd.
They have standardized and consistent quality products.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.16

PRODUCTION PROCESS
Milk Collection & Reception

Cooling

Spray Drying

Storing

Evaporation

Standardization

Pasteurization

Packing

De-Creaming

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.17

PRODUCTION PROCESS
MILK COLLECTION
Milk collection system of Nestle Milk Pak is excellent. According to
this system milk is collected from area of about 72,000 km .
Village Milk centers

2273

Sub centers

583

Main Centers

23

On milk centers price of milk is paid according to percentage of

fats. If the quality of fat is less than required (6%) than price will
be paid accordingly. At milk collection centers, gerber test is
performed for determination of fat. In milk collection centers
temperature of milk is kept at 4 oC. Nestle purchase milk directly
few frames, there is no middle man.
Collection Areas are in all over Punjab Nestle Milk Pak divide the
areas in following Categories:
A.

Sahiwal, Burewala, Okara etc.

B.

Pindi Bhattian, Chaniot, Sarghoda

C.

Kabir Wala, Mian Channu, Shorkot, Kahane wal, Kachah

Khu

D.

Bahawalpur , Bahawalnagar, Chistian, Ahmadpur

There are Area collection managers, Milk collection Co

coordinators and Milk Collection Supervisors in each Area for
collection of specific amount of Milk in specific time.
RECEPTION
From milk collection centers milk is collected and delivered to
factory daily seal of tankers are properly decided. Receiving
capacity of milk is 60,000 liters. At reception following tests are
performed before storing milk to assure the quality of milk.
1- Alcohol precipitation test

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.18

2- Clot an boiling
3- Fat (5.8% - 6%)
4- SNF (Solid non fat) (8.5-8.9)
5- PH test (6.8 6.9)
6- Adulteration test (only on doubt)
Up to reception temp of milk is about 8-10
rejection on temperature basis.

C, there is no

Trollers are not preferred to stay more than 1.75 Hrs. in factory so
that they can in time collect milk for next day.
STORING OF MILK
Milk is stored in storage tanks called Silos. The capacity to store
milk is 596 tons.
There are 5 Silos of100 tons each,
2 Silos of 10 tons each,
1 Silo of 70 tons.
Milk can be stored for 36 Hours in Silos.
STANDARDIZATION
All the animals have different composition of fats in their milk in
different seasons. Standardize milk according to the recipe milk is
given temperature of 72 oC for 15 seconds to reduce bacterias in
milk, this process in called thermization life of milk is increased
by this process and in standardization composition of fats and
SNF are standardized.
DECREAMING
In this process dirt particles, SNF and cream is separated, milk is
given temp of 60 oC and 60,000 rpm in de-creamer. So that dirt
particles cream can be separated. Cream is send to butter
section. Dirt is drained after 30 seconds milk is send for further
processes.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.19

PASTEURIZATION
In This Process milk is heated at 92 oC for 5 seconds to remove
remaining bacterias.
Milk powder process activities
After pasterization milk to treated for canveersion into powder,
following activities are performed to milk:
Evaporation
(a) Low heat treatment
Milk is heated at high pressure of 889 milli bar so that it start
boiling at about 70 oC .
(b) 4-effect falling film
Milk is evaporated in 4 effect system. Milk is evaporated about
56%, 62%, 67% and 75% after 1 st 2nd 3rd and 4th effect
respectively. After 3rd effect Homogenansization is done which
uneven composition of fats and SNF is homogenized
Spray drying
In this process there are 5 lateral high pressure nozels which
exert high pressure on milk after that there which exert high
pressure on milk after that there are about 50% water and 50%
solids are remained in milk. After this step about 320 oC hot air is
thrown on milk, it is very quick process in which powder settle in
base and moisture evaporate in forms of vapors.
Central lecithination:
Lecithinate is sprayed on powder so that it is converted into
highly dissolvable powder. That way Nestle Milk Pak say Nido is
instant Milk (easily dissolvable in hot ad cold water).
Drying
After all these procuress still powder has 5.5 % moisture in it,
Powder is dried through x- Egran System to reduce moisture level
up to 3.1%

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.20

Cooling
After drying there is a cooling process, in which powder is cooled
before storing.
Storing of powder
Powder is stored in bins there are 40 bins , with capacity of
--------each.
Packing
Milk is packed in different packing according to the weight
required, form tote tilting station from bins.
Capacity
Capacity is the maximum rate of out put for a facility. The
operations manager must provide the capacity to meet current
and future demands; otherwise the organization will miss the
opportunities for growth & profits.
Nestle Milk Pak, Kabir Wala has installed new evaporate, doubling
the Sout put of spray dryer in 1999. Along said the were house
capacity at Kabir Wala to handle increased volumes of finished
products was proportionately increased. They also installed pouch
filling machine, making Kabir Wala factory independent from
Sheikhu Pura for filling of full cream Milk powder.
Capacity for receiving milk is 60,000 Liter/Hours.
Milk is stored in storage tanks called Silos. The capacity to store
milk is 596 tons.
There are 5 Silos of100 tons each,
2 Silos of 10 tons each,
1 Silo of 70 tons.
Milk can be stored maximum for 36 Hours in Silos.
Capacity planning is duty of top management and it is long term.
In flush season when milk is abundantly available they utilize
capacity 100% as cleaning time is just 4 hours daily and 20 hours

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.21

of working. Installed capacity is NIDO plant is 560 tons, it
produces 4 tons / Hours & in 20 working hrs it can produce 80
tons per day. In summer when availability of milk is lower they
have their annual shut down (June). They have training session
for employees and vacations in that time. There are certain
standards for labor utilization. Efficiency of
employees is
calculated daily.
LOCATION
Facility location is the process of determining a geographic site
for a firms operations.
Nestle Pack has located one of its factories at Kabirwala.

REASONS FOR SELECTING THIS LOCATION

PROXIMITY TO SUPPLIERS AND RESOURCES
This factory has been located in this area because here the
supply of milk is more than the requirement of the local area.
This factory location is immensely surrounded by Argicultrual
farms, villages and small towns. The people o f thess areas have
their own
Animals and the feudals of the region have their own live stock
farms. So there is abundant milk available.
Furthermore, by locating one factor y at Sheikhupura and the
other at Kabirwala the Nestl MilkPak can cover the geographic
area of milk collection very well, especially the area of whole
Punjab.
REPUTATION OF THE LOCATION
Placing of the factory at Kabirwala is also advantageous in this
way that at the current place there was actually the factory in the
name of Kabirwala Dairies Ltd. (KDL). So the place has the
reputation of having a milk factory. The suppliers of milk are
already oriented with this location.
PROXIMITY TO NATIONAL HIGHWAY

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.22

Kabirwala factory is quite closer to National Highways so the
transportation of Raw Material and Finished Goods is also easier.
In the end we can say that the most important and critical factor
for locating the facility at this place is the availability of the milk
in this area.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Supply Chain |Management seeks to synchronize a firms fun
ctions and those of its suppliers to match the flow of materials ,
services and information with customer demand. A basic purpose
of supply Chain management is to control inventory by managing
the flows of materials.
TYPES OF INVENTORIES
Following types of inventories are kept by Nestle Milkpak
Kabirwala:
RAW MATERIALS
Raw Material inventory of Nestle MilkPak consists of milk. Their
Raw Material is kept in Silos. Silos are the big tanks, which are
used to store the milk. Inventories of their raw materials cannot
be maintained in bulk quality and for a longer period of time.
The factory can store the milk up to 596000 liters. They have five
silos for storing the milk all have different capacities. The milk
can remain there for the period of 36 hours without loosing
quality.
WORK IN PROCESS INVENTORIES
Work in process inventories are not to huge. Whatever they put
into production they stop production after its completion if there
is no unusual break down.
The unpacked goods inventory can be considered as the WIP
inventory. The condensed milk is stored in Bins. Bins are the big
boxes in which the milk powder is stored before packing it.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.23

Then through an automatic plant the milk is packed. The butter is
stored in huge tubs. From where that is packed through the
automatic.
FINISHED GOODS INVENTORY
Inventories of packaging material can also be included in WIP
inventories. The packing material is purchase externally. The
supplier of packing material is packages private limited Pakistan.
Nestle Milk Pak maintains huge amounts of F.G. inventories. There
is a huge warehouse within the factory. In the warehouse they
store the finished goods.
Especially when the availability of milk is high then the L.M. is
produced and stock in this warehouse and the same is released
when the Milk availability is lesser and the production is also low.
Normally its the FG inventory the NM has RM & WIP inventories
not that huge.
MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
There is a separate department in the factory which is
responsible for purchasing the materials and managers its supply.
There is a centralized system of material management. The
whole operations of which are looked after by the operations
managers. There is also a stores officer which also looks after the
materials management.
SUPPLIER RELATIONS
The nature of relations maintained with suppliers can affect the
quality, timeliness and price of a firms products and senior. There
are two types of supplier relation competitive orientation.
COOPERATIVE ORIENTATION.
NmS SUPPLIERS RELATIONS
NM follows the cooperative orientation. They have very friendly
and cooperative relations with their suppliers one hand and there

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.24

are the suppliers of Milk and on the other hand the suppliers of
packing NM have cooperative relations with both of its suppliers.
RELATION WITH MILK SUPPLIERS
NM has very cooperative relations with its milk suppliers. NMs
people themselves look after the animals of the former who
provide them milk and give them useful tips.
NM provides various facilities to its milk suppliers. NM also
provides or facility to its suppliers. It also provides them
consultancy facilities consultations s provided for improving the
milk quality looking after the health of the animals.
PROGRESSIVE FARMERS
The progressive farmers are the farmers having lots of animals
and supply milk to NM. These are farmers which wish to further
grow. NM provides them loans for improving their farms and for
the purchase of animals. NM provides medical facilities to the
animals. The NM provides loans to these farmers for expanding
their farms. So that the milk requirements of NM can be filled. In
turn the supplier of milk also cooperate with NM
PACKAGING MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
The packaging material is supplied to NM by the packages (Pvt)
Ltd. Pak NM have very cooperative orientation with packages and
they cooperate a lot with NM for maintaining high quality of final
product.
Sole sourcing P is the only supplier who provides are the packing
material. So NM use sole sourcing.
So NM has very cooperative orientation with its suppliers.
INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEMS
For controlling inventory the NM use Continuous Review
Continuous Review

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.25

NM use continuous review system. They have the whole
computerized system. How much stock is in the stone room how
much stock has been further put into warehouse and how much
stock has been drawn from the stores? In this way they keep a
continuous control over their inventory. The stores officer not only
maintains records but also makes visits at the warehouses to see
the actual situation of materials. The officer can review the
inventory at any time. Operations manager and the auditing
people also check the inventory and its records so that the risks
of loss or manipulation may be minimized.
DISTRIBUTION
Distribution is the management of the flow of materials from
manufacturer to customer and from ware house to retailers.
Involving the storage and transportation of goods.
PLACEMENT OF FINISHED GOODS INVENTORY
The fundamentals decision is where to stock an inventory of
finished goods there can be two alternates.
i.

Forward Placement

ii.

Backward placement.

FORWARD PLACEMENT
In forward placement finished goods are stored closer to
customer .NM use forward placement as they use to keep the
stock of finished goods in their regional offices and distribution
centers. From the distribution centers the goods are further sent
to the retailers.
BACKWARD PLACEMENT
In backward placement finished goods are stored at the
manufacturing plant where they keep goods stocked. So in this
way they use backward placement also. So for inventory
placement NM uses a mix of forward placement and backward
placement in order to provide goods to the market on time.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.26

DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES OF NESTLE MILK PAK LTD.
Distribution plays important role in success and failure of any
organization. The organization may fail, if its distribution
networks are not efficient and unable to provide the necessary
items at required place and at reasonable time.
Distribution system of Nestle is one of major source of
competitive edge over its existing rivals. Nestle has its own
distribution networks equipped with all necessary transportation
facilities. They transport their products at major ten regional
sales offices, which are situated at different cities of Pakistan.
These sales office (distribution centers) have their own vans with
sales people who sell and transport goods to the small retailers.
In general Nestle followed following sequence for distribution of
its products.
Company

Distribution Center

Retailers

Customers

This figure indicates Nestle never sell directly is ultimate

customers but follow above sequence.
In general, Nestle has following two distribution strategies:
Selective distribution strategy
Extensive distribution strategy
For some products, Nestle adopt selective strategy in which
firm distribute its products on few selective retail outlets while for
some products, Nestle people go for extensive strategy in
which they distribute their goods on all possible retail outlets.
SELECTION OF TRANSPORTATION MODE
For transportation of goods to the regional offices NM has it own
vans and other vehicles. For further distribution to retailer the
distributor of each area uses its own vehicles.
For the milk collection the NM has their own tankers, which are
made of special material to maintain the quality of milk.
FORE CASTING

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.27

Fore cast is a prediction of future events used for planning
purposes.
Forecasts are needed to aid in determining what presences are
needed, scheduling existing resources and acquiring additional
resources. Accurate for casts allow schedules to use machine
capacity efficiently, reduce productions times and cut inventories.
Forecasts are needed to anticipate changes in prices or costs or
prepare for new laws or regulations, competitors, resource
shortage or technologies.
Forecasting methods may be based on mathematical models
using historical data available, qualitative methods drawing on
managerial experience or a combination of both.
Nestle Milk Pak forecast the demand of products on annually
basis with mutual understanding between planning and selling
departments on the basis of historical data and sales forecast
estimates. They conduct monthly meetings and fine tune the
forecast on monthly basis. As in summer when availability of milk
is scarce and demand is high, they have stock in winter to meet
this demand. They produce more in peak season (Jan, Feb, and
March) to meet the demand of lean seasons (June, July, August).
AGGREGATE PLANNING
Aggregate plan is a statement of production rates, work force
levels, and inventory holdings based on customer requirements
and capacity limitations.

PRODUCTION PLAN
A manufacturing firm aggregate plan is called as the production
plan which generally focuses on inventory holdings and
production rates.
NM has its production plan which is generally developed by the
planning department.

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.28

AGGREGATION
NM aggregate their plan on the basis of total milk collection, total
milk requirements, total production etc.
TIME
The planning horizons of NM are of two types one is the long term
planning horizon which covers the period of ten years. The other
is the shorter planning horizon normally or one year.
LONG TERM PLANNING HORIZON
In long term planning horizon NM plans for about ten years. They
plan how much production capacity to be achieved. How much
production rates will be required what will be the customer
demand how will they collect the milk. From where they will
collect the milk. How many number of animals would be there is a
particular area and from there how much milk we will be
collecting. They got all the information and plan for a longer
period of time.
SHORTER PLANNING HORIZON
In shorter planning horizon they plan usually for one year and
then further decompose that in seasonal plan. How much to
produce in a year. How much milk to be collected in one year
what is the deficiency or surplus. How much inventories we will
be holding. This yearly plan is further divided into four quarters.
Targets are set for each quarter and the efforts are made to
achieve the targets.
QUALITY
Quality has no proper definition its vary from person to person. In
general sense quality may be defined as meeting or exceeding
the expectations of customers.
In general businesss success depends on the accuracy of its
perception of customers expectations and its ability to bridge the
gaps between those expectations and operating abilities. Good
quality can also pay off in high profits. High quality products and
services can be priced higher then comparable low quality once.
And yields a greater return for the same sales dollars. Poor

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.29

quality erodes firms ability to compete in market place and
increase the costs of producing the product or service.
Nestle Milk Pak has quality as its top competitive priorities along
with availability of its products all over.
In quality they want to achieve consistent quality and even to
improve it continuously. In this regard the stress on customer
satisfaction, continuous improvement and employee involvement.
There is strict quality control by computerized system in control
room, quality of product are assured at each stage.
Customer satisfaction
Nestle take their customer on top of its hierarchical chart. Its top
priority is to satisfy the customer. They design the product in
such a way that they confirm their speciation, fit for use and give
support to the company image.
Employee involvement
Nestle milk pak involves their employees in making decisions and
changing in organization. They have idea boxes in factories and
offices, employees are encourages to give ideas about
improvement.
They conduct weekly meetings and discuss the ideas; good ideas
are rewarded to motivate employees involvement. There are
formal training sessions for employees to train them and enhance
their capabilities. Employees are given rewards and incentives to
involve them more in organization.
Continuous improvement
Nestle Milk Pak try to improve the quality of products
continuously they conduct continuous improvement meetings to
improvement the quality. They train the employees for improving
quality tools, build team work, employee involvement and
develop sense of operator ownership.
Improving quality through TQM

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.30

Programs
for
employee
involvement
and
continuous
improvement are aimed at improving quality in general sense.
However, TQM often focuses on benchmarking, product and
process design.
BENCHMARKING
Benchmarking is a continuous systematic procedure that
measures a firms product and process against industry leaders.
As NESTLE is industry leader in food products, each factory has
its benchmark to improve quality. Nestle Milk Pak Kabirwala takes
Nestle Tambula factory Australia as bench mark, which is the best
Nestle factory in all over the world. Nestle Milk Pak Kabirwala is
at 2nd number.
PRODUCT & PROCESS DESIGN
Nestle Milk Pak design the produce according to the customers
satisfaction and process is designed in such a way to maintain
purity and nutritions of the products.
QUALITY CERTIFICATION
Nestle Milk Pak has its own quality standard certification which
has much higher standards as compared to ISO, called Nestle
Quality Standards. Nestle Milk Pak Kabirwala is approved by
Nestle Quality Standards.
In which quality is maintained right from the purchase of raw
material to the distribution of the products to the ultimate
consumers.
Quality of Materials
Quality of Process
Distribution
Continuous improvement
Customer satisfaction
Employee involvement

Nestle Milkpak Ltd.31

DETAILS OF PRODUCTION PROCESS
Milk Collection
Milk Collection system of Industry is excellent. According to this
system the companies trucks reach 140000 milkmen and collect
milk daily. The milkmen provide milk on contract basis. Prices of
milk vary in case of self-collection and contract basis. On milk
center price of milks is paid at

Rs. 5.80 per liter at 6% Fats. If

the quality of fat is less than required 6% then price will be paid
less proportionately.
Percentage of FAT in Various Kinds of Milk.
Buffalo

6% Fat

Cow

3.5%

Goat

3%

Sheep

6%

Human

3.5%

At milk collection centers, Gerber Test in done for the

determination of Fat. Companies are bounded to maintain 3.5%
Fats under pure Food Laws. It is legal requirement throughout the
world.