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Energy Analysis and Synthesis in Industiral Processes

Industrial processes : a systemic approach

Processing Medium
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Solvents Catalysts

PROCESS

utilities

Raw
materials

Products

process
unit

By-products
heat
exchanger
network

Losses

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Figure 1 . The process as three interacting sub-systems.

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(b)

Figure 15.The thermal cascade and the "Grand composite curve"

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2.5. Conclusions

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Energy Analysis and Synthesis in Industiral Processes

Minimum number of units

Hot
utility
140 kW

1
140 kW

Stream
1
330 kW

2
90 kW

Stream
3
230 kW

Stream
2
180 kW

3
240 kW

Sources

4
180 kW

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4
240 kW

Cold
utility
180 kW

Sinks

Number
Number
Number
Number of
=
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of
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of
Exchangers streams
Utilities
problems
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3.4. Optimal DTmin value

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Energy Analysis and Synthesis in Industiral Processes

Choice of DTmin/2 :heuristic rule

10

Remaining parameter => 1 DDL

9
8

1/sqrt(x
)

DTmin/2,j

7
6

DTmin/2,j = K * (1/ hj )

5
4
3
2
1

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

Film heat transfer coefficient

DTmin/2 : typical values :

Liquid state :

0.4

hj

Fluid phase changes :

Vapor state :

1
4

- ## - //

B
%

/
"%' EA

'
/

, '

"%' EA D
$

, "%' E ,

"%' EA
A

'

'

:F;

%
,

(
$

:,

,,

A
/
, '

'

'

"%'
,

'A
,,

+ ,,
,

'A
(+

,,

3.5.1. Fluid phase changes

(
'
%

B+%

' ,

($
'$

7
,

'
4

=1

=0

3
1

Figure 25. H-T diagram for fluid phase changing stream

*7
' : ; ,
,

' : ; 7$
$

,
:.

,
.I
;

7
/ ,
$

'
/

$
/
,

(7

T
1
P
P'
2

Figure 26. Exchange with fluide phase changing stream.

(
'
';
'

7
'
=

'
,

&

,
,

'

1 %
' :
)

Figure 27. Fluid phase changes linearization

<

($
'

,
6

'
,

'

'7
,

(,

, '

'

T
=0
=1
H
Figure 28. H-T diagram for pur component stream.

,
'

'
"%

&
:,
'$

)
J ;7
8 ;

,
(

'
8M

% '
C

8M
%8M D
%8
8
8

8M
%8M D
%8

% '

%8 D
%8M
'

figure 28. Pure component fluid phase change.

%8 D
%8M
'