VCO_DPLL

18.01.2015 16:16

Radio Communication: Systems and Equipment

Let consider a VCO/DPLL which is used by a frequency

synthesizer to deliver a sine wave signal in the range of
10MHz with an effective value of the amplitude equal to 1V.
The frequency of the reference signal can be either 16 kHz,
4kHz or 1 kHz. The VCO slope is KVCO=1kHz/mV, and the
level of the reference signal obtained at the output of the LPF
is about 1mV.

18.01.2015 16:16

Radio Communication: Systems and Equipment

1. You are required to compare the three solutions from the

point of view of the level of the undesired frequency
components and of the settling time.
You should analyze the frequency spectrum of the signal
produced by the VCO by evaluating the ratio of the
power of the useful component and the total power of the
undesired components which have a power larger than
1% of the total signal power.
2. A spectral purity larger than 60 dB is required and the
reference frequency is 4 kHz. Which should be the level
of the undesired component in the spectrum of the phase
error signal?

18.01.2015 16:16

Radio Communication: Systems and Equipment

f = KOCT * Um = 1kHz
The FM modulation index which controls the spectral
components is:
= f/fm
It results:

18.01.2015 16:16

1 = 0,06 2 = 0,25 and 3=1

Radio Communication: Systems and Equipment

Sideband
Modul
ation Carrie
index
r

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

0.03

0.01

0.00 1.00
0.25 0.98

0.12

0.5 0.94

0.24

0.03

1.0 0.77

0.44

0.11

0.02

1.5 0.51

0.56

0.23

0.06

0.01

2.0 0.22

0.58

0.35

0.13

0.03

2.41 0

0.52

0.43

0.20

0.06

0.02

2.5 0.05 0.50

0.45

0.22

0.07

0.02

0.01

3.0 0.26 0.34

0.49

0.31

0.13

0.04

0.01

4.0 0.40 0.07 0.36

0.43

0.28

0.13

0.05

0.02

5.0 0.18 0.33 0.05

0.36

0.39

0.26

0.13

0.05

0.02

5.53 0

0.34 0.13 0.25

0.40

0.32

0.19

0.09

0.03

0.01

6.0 0.15

0.28 0.24 0.11

0.36

0.36

0.25

0.13

0.06

0.02

7.0 0.30

0.00

0.30 0.17 0.16

0.35

0.34

0.23

0.13

0.06

0.02

8.0 0.17

0.23

0.11 0.29 0.10 0.19

0.34

0.32

0.22

0.13

0.06

0.03

8.65 0

0.27

0.06

0.24 0.23 0.03

0.26

0.34

0.28

0.18

0.10

0.05

0.02

9.0 0.09 0.25

0.14

0.18 0.27 0.06 0.20

0.33

0.31

0.21

0.12

0.06

0.03

0.01

10.0 0.25 0.04

0.25

0.06

0.22 0.23 0.01 0.22

0.32

0.29

0.21

0.12

0.06

0.03

0.01

0.07 0.24 0.17 0.05

0.23

0.30

0.27

0.20

0.12

0.07

12.0 0.05

0.22 0.08 0.20

18.01.2015 16:16

0.18

Radio Communication: Systems and Equipment

18.01.2015 16:16

Radio Communication: Systems and Equipment

The level of the spectral components is given by:

An=U0*Jn()

For the three cases one obtains:

Pc1= 1*0,992 = 0,98 W
Pn1=2*0,032 = 0,0018 W
R1= 10 log (0,98 / 0,0018)= 27,35 dB
Pc2= 1*0,982 = 0,96 W
Pn2=2*0,122 = 0,0288 W
R2= 10 log (0,96 / 0,0288)= 15,22 dB
18.01.2015 16:16

Radio Communication: Systems and Equipment

Pc3= 1*0,772 = 0,593 W

Pn3=2*0,442 +2*0,112= 0,4114 W
R3= 10 log (0,593/ 0,4114)= 1,58 dB

18.01.2015 16:16

Radio Communication: Systems and Equipment

To obtain the required spectral purity:

We denote: r0= Pn/P0 ;
R0=60 dB= 10 log (1/ r0);

U0ef=1V
r0 = 10-6 = Pn

Pn=Pn1=2*Un12 ; Un1=(Pn/2)1/2 ;
Un1= U0*/2 =0,707*10-3;
=2 * Un1=1,41*10-3
= f/fm =KOCT Um / fm
So it is obtained:
Um < fm / KOCT= 1,41 * 10-3 * 4 /1=5,64* 10-3 mV
18.01.2015 16:16

Radio Communication: Systems and Equipment