EXPERIMENTAL

OBSERVATIONS
SAMPLE 1: COLGATE
EXPERIMENT
PRELIMINARY TEST
1.Flame Test :
Make a paste of salt with
conc. HCL. Show the
paste to non luminous
flame
2. Cobalt Nitrate Test:
Mix a pinch of salt with
double the quantity of
Na2co3 and heat the
mixture. Now add a drop
of cobalt nitrate solution.
Heat it in oxidizing
flame.
ANALYSIS OF IONS :
1. Sulphate ion:
To the salt solution add
few drops of dil. HCL and
BACL2
2. Carbonate ion:
To the sample add
dil.HCL.
3. Fluoride ion :
Neutralize 3 drop of
Na2CO3 extract with
dil.HCL.Boil and add 3
drops of BaCl2.

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

4. Phosphate ion:
To salt solution add
conc. HNO3 and boil it.
Add Amm. Molyb. in
excess and boil.
5. Calcium ion:
To the salt solution add
NH4CL, NH4OH,[NH4]2
CO3.

EXPERIMENT
CONFIRMATORY
TEST
Carbonate ion:
To the soln. add dil. HCL
and pass the gas evolved
to the test tube containing
lime water
Calcium ion:
Amm.oxalate test:
To the original solution
add 1ml ammonium
oxalate solution.
Fluoride ion:
To small amount of the
substance add few drops
of conc.H2SO4 and warm
[dont boil].
Phosphate ion:
Amm.Molybdate test:
To the aq. Soln add conc.
HNO3 and boil it. Add
Amm. Molyb. in excess
and again boil.

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

SAMPLE 2: pepsodent

EXPERIMENT
PRELIMINARY TEST
1.Flame Test :
Make a paste of salt with
conc. HCL. Show the
paste to non luminous
flame
2. Cobalt Nitrate Test:
Mix a pinch of salt with
double the quantity of
Na2co3 and heat the
mixture. Now add a drop
of cobalt nitrate solution.
Heat it in oxidizing
flame.
ANALYSIS OF IONS :
6. Sulphate ion:
To the salt solution add
few drops of dil. HCL and
BACL2
7. Chloride ion :
Heat a pinch of salt with
Mno2 and conc.H2SO4.
8. Fluoride ion :
Neutralize 3 drop of
Na2CO3 extract with
dil.HCL.Boil and add 3
drops of BaCl2.
9. Ammonium ion:
Add nesslers reagent to
the salt solution.

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

10.Calcium ion:
To the salt solution add
NH4CL, NH4OH,[NH4]2
CO3.

EXPERIMENT
CONFIRMATORY
TEST
Sulphate ion:
Lead Acetate Test:
to the salt solution add
dil.CH3COOH and lead
acetate solution.
Calcium ion:
Amm.oxalate test:
To the original solution
add 1ml ammonium
oxalate solution.
Fluoride ion:
To small amount of the
substance add few drops
of conc.H2SO4 and warm
[dont boil].

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

SAMPLE 3: Close up

EXPERIMENT
PRELIMINARY TEST
1.Flame Test :
Make a paste of salt with
conc. HCL. Show the
paste to non luminous
flame
2. Cobalt Nitrate Test:
Mix a pinch of salt with
double the quantity of
Na2co3 and heat the
mixture. Now add a drop
of cobalt nitrate solution.
Heat it in oxidizing
flame.
ANALYSIS OF IONS :
1. Sulphate ion:
To the salt solution add
few drops of dil. HCL and
BACL2
2. Chloride ion :
Heat a pinch of salt with
Mno2 and conc.H2SO4.
3. Fluoride ion :
Neutralize 3 drop of
Na2CO3 extract with
dil.HCL.Boil and add 3
drops of BaCl2.
4. Ammonium ion:
Add nesslers reagent to
the salt solution.

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

5. Calcium ion:
To the salt solution add
NH4CL, NH4OH,[NH4]2
CO3.

EXPERIMENT
CONFIRMATORY
TEST
Sulphate ion:
Lead Acetate Test:
to the salt solution add
dil.CH3COOH and lead
acetate solution.
Ammonium ion:
.To the salt add conc.
NaOH and heat it. Pass
the gas evolved into
Nesslers Reagent.
Fluoride ion:
To small amount of the
substance add few drops
of conc.H2SO4 and warm
[dont boil].

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE