C2-Blood Circulation and Transportation-Stu

CHAPTER 2
BLOOD CIRCULATION
AND
TRANSPORT
PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)
NAME
: ______________
CLASS
: ______________
TEACHER : MS AZIE
TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HUMANS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES :
To describe the circulatory system as a system of
tubes with a pump and valves that ensure one-way
flow of blood.
To state the function of the heart.
To identify the structure of the human heart.
HEART STRUCTURE
The human circulatory system

consists of:
1. __________
2. __________
3. __________
HEART
STRUCTURE
HEART STRUCTURE
HEART STRUCTURE
From head
and body
To head
and body
To lungs
From lungs
Bicuspid valve / mitral

valve
Septum
From trunk
and legs
HEART STRUCTURE
HEART STRUCTURE
Most powerful organ

in the circulatory
system.
Cone-shaped organ.
Weight about 300g.
Location: in the
thoracic cavity,
between the lungs.
A muscular organ
made up of ______
_______, connective
tissues and blood
vessels.
HEART STRUCTURE
The heart pumps blood to the whole
body.
The human heart consists of four
chambers:
a) ____________
b) ____________
C) ____________
d) ____________
The heart is connected to four main
blood vessels
i) ____________
ii) ____________
iii) ___________
iv) ____________
The _______ separate the atria/
atrium from the ventricles. To ensure
that the blood flows only in one
direction.
HEART STRUCTURE
right side of the

heart contains
_______________.
left side of the
heart contains
_______________
(blood rich in
oxygen).
VALVES
The one-way flow of blood in the heart is controlled by three
types of valves :
v ____________(mitral valve) controls blood from left
atrium to left ventricle
v _____________ controls blood from right atrium to right
ventricle
v ______________ controls blood from left ventricle to
aorta
VALVES
Present in some blood vessels.

Prevent backflow.
Ensure blood flows in 1 direction only.
VENTRICLE STRUCTURE
larger volume of space than the atrium.

thicker wall than the atrium.
Left ventricle is thicker and more
muscular than the right ventricle.
WHY ?
FUNCTION OF HEART STRUCTURE
PARTS
FUNCTION
SUPERIOR VENA
CAVA
Blood from the upper portion of the body

flows into the heart.
AORTA
Blood from the heart is pumped to the whole

body.
PULMONARY
VEIN
Blood from the lungs is pumped into the heart
RIGHT ATRIUM
Cavity where blood flow from vena cava into

the heart
TRICUSPID
VALVE
Prevents backflow of blood into the right

atrium
FUNCTION OF HEART STRUCTURE

INFERIOR
VENA CAVA
Blood from the lower portions of the body

flows into the heart
PULMONARY
ARTERY
Blood is pumped into the lungs from the right

ventricle.
LEFT ATRIUM
Cavity where blood flows from the pulmonary

vein into the heart
BICUSPID
VALVE
Prevent backflow of blood into the left atrium
AORTIC VALVE
Prevent backflow of blood into the left

ventricle
LEFT
VENTRICLE
Cavity where blood flow into from the left

atrium through the bicuspid valve
RIGHT
VENTRICLE
Cavity where blood flow into from the right

atrium through the tricuspid valve
BLOOD
VESSELS

To identify the structure of arteries, veins and
capillaries.
To relate the characteristics of the blood vessels
to their functions.
BLOOD VESSELS
3 TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS

ARTERIES
CAPILLARIES
VEINS
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD VESSELS
Capillaries are found very
close to the cells of the
body.They join to form bigger
tubes called veins.They
connect the arteries to the
veins.
Blood flows slowly in the
capillaries and at a higher
pressure compared to the
flows of blood in the veins.
Capillaries transport
oxygenated blood to the body
cells.They transport
deoxygenated blood from the
cells.
BLOOD VESSELS
The thin walls of the capillaries allow the ___________

_______________ between the blood and body cells.
Substances such as oxygen,carbon dioxide,nutrients and
excretory products are exchanged between the blood
and body cells.
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD
CIRCULATION

To compare and contrast oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood.
To illustrate the path of blood flow in the
circulatory system.
To describe the role of the blood circulatory
system in the transport of substances.
To explain the importance of maintaining a healthy
heart.
HEART STRUCTURE
COMPARISON BETWEEN OXYGENATED BLOOD AND
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
CHARACTERISTICS
OXYGENATED
BLOOD
DEOXYGENATED
BLOOD
Where it is carried?
In all arteries
except the
pulmonary
artery
In all veins except

the pulmonary vein
Colour of blood
Bright red
Dark red
Composition of blood
Contains oxygen
in the form of
oxyhaemoglobin
Contains less oxygen

but more CO2
Where it is found in large

quantities?
The blood
leaving the lungs
The blood from all

parts of the body
except the lungs
BLOOD CIRCULATION
2 parts!!!!
1.
_______________________
circulation: from heart to lung
back to heart
2.
_______________________
circulation: from heart
to all parts of body
except lungs
IMPORTANCE OF
A
HEALTHY HEART
HEALTHY HEART
Why it is important to
maintain a healthy
heart?????
An unhealthy heart may causes various

health problems which may lead to
death.
HEALTHY HEART
The heart will stop pumping blood.

Blood will not reach critical organ like the brain and
the heart itself.
If the heart muscles do not receives enough blood within in a
few minutes the cell in the area will die. This is fatal.
If the brain does not receive oxygenated blood, critical brain
cells may die.This may cause coma or brain damage.
Toxic waste will quickly build up when blood stop flowing.
HEALTHY HEART
THE IMPORTANCE TO MAINTAIN

A HEALTHY HEART.
HEALTHY HEART
RISK FACTORS THAT CAN TRIGGER

THE HEART ATTACK
smoking
high blood pressure
too much fat in your diet/ obesity
diabetes
age,male
hereditary
poor blood cholesterol level.
HEALTHY HEART
THE WAYS TO MAINTAIN

A HEALTHY HEART
1. Avoid smoking
2. Reduce the intake of fatty foods.
3. Maintain a moderate body weight
4. Avoid drinking alcohol
5. Reduce mental and emotional stress.
EXERCISES
1-Name the four chambers of the human heart and the blood vessel
connected to each chamber.
________________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________________
_______________________________________
2-State the difference in function between the vena cava and the
pulmonary vein.
________________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________________
_______________________________________
EXERCISES
3-List four substances which are transported by blood.

________________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________________
_______________________________________
4-State four ways that can prevent heart disease.
________________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________________
_______________________________________
HUMAN
BLOOD
ANALYSING HUMAN BLOOD

To state the constituents of blood and their
functions.
To state the blood groups.
To match the blood group of the donor to
that of the recipient.
To justify the importance of blood donation.
To describe how donated blood is
stored and handled.
HUMAN BLOOD
HUMAN BLOOD
Produced in the
bone marrow
HUMAN BLOOD
HUMAN BLOOD
Formscabswhen
you cut yourself.
Helps to stop the
bleeding
(BLOOD
CLOTTING).
HUMAN BLOOD
HUMAN BLOOD
BLOOD CONTITUENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
RED BLOOD
CELLS
WHITE
BLOOD CELLS
PLATELETS
Produced in
Bone marrow
Bone marrow
and lymph
nodes
Bone marrow
Shape
Biconcave discshape
Irregular
Round
fragments
Nucleus
Not present
Present
Not present
Function
Transport
oxygen
Protect body
againts
diseases and
fight
infections
Help in blood
clotting
Lifespan
120 days
2-4 days
4 days
FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD
TRANSPORT OXYGEN
-Oxygen is transported
from the respiratory
organ (lung) to the body
tissues.
-The red blood cells
transport oxygen to the
body tissues where oxygen
is used in cell respiration
to release energy.
TRANSPORT CARBON
DIOXIDE
-Carbon dioxide from
respiring cells
dissolves in the blood
plasma. It is released
into the alveoli and is
excreted by the lungs.
TRANSPORT DIGESTED
FOOD
-Digested food such as
glucose and amino
acids diffuses into
the capillaries and
carried to the body
cells.
REMOVE EXCRETORY
PRODUCTS AND
WASTE PRODUCTS
-Excretory products
such as carbon
dioxide,urea,water
are transported to
specific organ for
removal.
TRANSPORT HORMONES
-Hormones which are secreted by the endocrine glands are
transported to where they are needed.
DISTRIBUTES HEAT
-Heat produced locally is
distributed to the whole
body.
-This also helps maintain
body temperature
BLOOD GROUPS
AND
COMPATIBILITY
BLOOD GROUP
Human blood can be classified into four main groups
which are _______________.
Every individual belongs to a particular blood group.
BLOOD GROUP
People from blood _________ are called ________

__________ because they receive blood from donors
of all the four groups.
People from blood _______ are called ____________
because they can donate their blood to recipient
of all the four groups.
BLOOD GROUP
BLOOD GROUP
BLOOD GROUP
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Blood transfusion is the
transfer of blood from a
donor to a recipient.
The donors red blood cells
must be compatible
with the recipients plasma
BLOOD GROUP
In blood transfusions, the recipients blood

must be ____________ with the donors.
If they are incompatible, blood cells will
________________. This may lead to death.
THE IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD DONATION
Blood donation does not bring us any ill

effects nor does it endanger our
health.
Our body produces and replaces blood

very quickly.
Therefore we should adopt a positive

attitude towards blood donation.

BLOOD IS NEEDED IN THE FOLLOWING
SITUATION:
1. For major and minor surgeries
2. To replace blood lost due to accidents.
3. To make blood constituents like red blood cells,
plasma and platelets.
4. For children suffering from thalassaemia (bleeding
disorders).

5.
For mother who encounter complications during

childbirth.
6.
7.
For patient suffering from anaemia and

leukaemia.
For victims who suffer burns on their body.
8.
To help controls blood clots.

HOW DOES DONATED BLOOD ARE STORED
AND HANDLED ???
The donor is
interviewed and
given medical
counseling
The donated
blood is tester
for Hepatitis B, C
and HIV.
Before the blood is used for

tranfusion, the bags are taken out
and left at room temperature for
2 hours.
The blood sent to

the hospital where
they are stored in
blood bank at 4oC.
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
IN
PLANT
ANALYSING THE TRANSPORT

SYSTEM IN PLANTS
To investigate the pathway of water in a cut stem
using a suitable stains.
To identify the locations of xylem and phloem,
describe the functions of xylem and phloem.
TRANSPORT TISSUE IN PLANTS

The transport system in
plant consists
of thin
tubes called _______
_____________ .
The vascular bundle can
be found in the ______ ,
_________ , and _____.
The transport system in
plant
is made up of :
____________
____________
XYLEM
Made up of xylem vessels which
are _________ with no nucleus
and cytoplasm.
Form long tubes with thick walls.
From the woody tissue of plants.
____________________
___________________
______________________
______________________
from the roots up to
the leaves.
PHLOEM
Made up of living cells.
Phloem cells are arranged
to form long tubes
with separating walls
in between.
___________________
from the leaves to
all parts of the plant.
TRANSPORT TISSUE IN PLANTS

STEM
STEM
ROOT
WILTING
In the afternoon
In the morning
What differences do you notice??

WILTING
IN THE MORNING
IN THE AFTERNOON
The stem of a non-woody plant is

upright
and the leaves are well spread
out.
The stem is no longer upright and

the leaves drop or wilt.
This is because the cells are

_______________ .
This is because there is not enough

water inside the plant (lose water).
90% of the water absorbed by a
plant is lost as water vapour.
___________________ .
TRANSPIRATION
ANALYSING THE TRANSPORT

SYSTEM IN PLANTS
To describe what transpiration is.
To describe the function of stomata.
To identify the factors affecting the rate of
transpiration.
To describe how the factors affect the rate of
transpiration.
To describe the rules of transpiration.
TRANSPIRATION
Transpiration is the process by which a plant ________________ in
the form of water vapour from leaves to the environment.
The water vapour passes out of the leaf through tiny pores called
stomata in the epidermis.
TRANSPIRATION
Guard cells
An open stoma:
A closed stoma:
the stomata of plants are

normally open during the day
to allow the exchange of
carbon dioxide and oxygen.
occurs at night.
Takes place during

photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis does
not take place.
Slows down water loss.
Loss of water by
transpiration.
TRANSPIRATION
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF TRANSPIRATION
A potometer is used to measure the rate of transpiration.
The rate of transpiration depends on the:

FACTORS
RATE OF
TRANSPIRATION
REASON
Humidity
Increases with lower

humidity
On dry days,there is less

water vapour in the air.
Temperature
Increase with an increase in

temperature.
Rate of evaporation
increases.
Light intensity
Evaporation of water
Increases with greater light
through the open stomata
intensity
increases.
Air movement
Moving air removes water

vapour from the surface
of the leaves.
Increases on windy days

TRANSPIRATION
THE ROLE OF TRANSPIRATION
1.
__________________________________________
2.
Absorption and transport of mineral salts from the soil.
3.
__________________________________________
4.
5.
Cooling of plant.
__________________________________________
TRANSPIRATION
ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT OF WATER
Enable water to be transported from the root and

stem to the leaves.
This enables all cells in the plant to be active and to
remain in a state of turgidity.
This flow of water is continuous and is called the

transpirational stream.
TRANSPIRATION
ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT OF MINERAL
SALTS FROM THE SOIL
Water in the soil contains dissolved

minerals salts.
During transpiration,the minerals salts present in

the soil are absorbed by the roots and transported
up the stems and to the leaves.
TRANSPIRATION
REMOVAL OF EXCESS WATER
Transpiration thus helps to get rid of the excess

water from the plant.
COOLING OF PLANT
Transpiration has a cooling effect on plants.
As the water from the transpiration evaporates,

heat from the plant is used up.This cools the plant.
TRANSPIRATION
EXCHANGE OF GASES
Carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis.During
transpiration,the opening of stomata allows carbon
dioxide from athmosphere to diffuse inside the
leaf.
Oxygen which is produced during photosynthesis

diffuses out into the athmosphere through the
stomata.
EXERCISES
Name the structure P and Q.

State one function of P and Q.
i______________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________.
EXERCISES
What is the meaning of transpiration?
__________________________________________
_________________________________________
__________________________________________
Give TWO reasons why transpiration is
important to plant?
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
EXERCISES
State FOUR factors which affect the rate of

transpiration.
1-_ ______________________
2-_______________________
3-_______________________
4-_______________________
THANK
YOU

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CHAPTER 2

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HUMANS

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

The human circulatory system

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

Bicuspid valve / mitral

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

Most powerful organ

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

right side of the

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

Present in some blood vessels.

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

larger volume of space than the atrium.

FUNCTION OF HEART STRUCTURE

Blood from the upper portion of the body

Blood from the heart is pumped to the whole

Blood from the lungs is pumped into the heart

Cavity where blood flow from vena cava into

Prevents backflow of blood into the right

FUNCTION OF HEART STRUCTURE

Blood from the lower portions of the body

Blood is pumped into the lungs from the right

Cavity where blood flows from the pulmonary

Prevent backflow of blood into the left atrium

Prevent backflow of blood into the left

Cavity where blood flow into from the left

Cavity where blood flow into from the right

TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HUMANS

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

3 TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

The thin walls of the capillaries allow the ___________

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HUMANS

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

In all veins except

Contains less oxygen

Where it is found in large

The blood from all

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

An unhealthy heart may causes various

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

The heart will stop pumping blood.

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

THE IMPORTANCE TO MAINTAIN

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

RISK FACTORS THAT CAN TRIGGER

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

THE WAYS TO MAINTAIN

PREPARED BY : MS AZIE (2015)

3-List four substances which are transported by blood.

ANALYSING HUMAN BLOOD

People from blood _ are called