Module 2.22.

2-3

WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGY

Turbine Technology
Gerhard J. Gerdes

4-Nov-05 (11:22)

Workshop on Renewable Energies

November 14-25, 2005
Nadi, Republic of the Fiji Islands

Contents Module 2.2-3

Wind Turbine Technologies

X Mechanical differences
X Control differences

Pacific Region Issues

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types of
wind
turbines

Different wind turbine concepts

Hub

Rotor

Shaft

Gearbox

Generator

Tower

Nacelle

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Functional elements of the drive

train example 1
Separate bearings for:

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Generator

Break

Rotor + Rotor shaft

Gear box
Generator
Gear box

Bearings

Hub

Spinner
Machine frame

Azimuth bearings Azimuth drive

Source: BWE

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Functional elements of the drive

train example 2
Combined bearings for:

Conical rotor shaft

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Rotor main bearing

Rotor + Rotor shaft and Gear Box

Gear Box

Hub

Cooler
Generator

Coupling

Azimuth drive

Machine frame

Moment support
(Elastomere)

Source: DeWind D8, 2002

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Fixed speed wind turbine with stall

rotor

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Wind turbine with gear box

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blades fixed (stall control)

Wind turbine
with
gear box
Pitch
controlled
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Pitch controlled turbine with

induction generator

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GearboxGearbox-less wind
turbine with multimulti-pole
ring generator
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Machine frame
Azimut drive
Generator stator
Generator rotor
Rotor blade adaptor
Axle pivot
Rotor blade
0.6 MW to 4.5MW
40 to 112m rotor
diameter
pitch control,
variable rotor
speed
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Turbine with reduced speed

Multibrid turbine
J
J

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5 MW
116m rotor
diameter
290 to weight

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Issues for specific design criteria for wind

turbines in the Pacific Region

Anti-corrosion and turbine cooling

X example: Fortalezza, Brazil

Survival speed
X option: laying down of the wind turbine, e.g. Vernier,

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Aero Smart (SMA), Bergery?, Atlantic Orient?

J

Lattice or tubular tower

X less thrust?
X but higher danger of corrosion?

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Survival speed m/s

Standard

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GL

IEC

Criteria

Class I

Average wind speed Max. 10,0 m/s

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Max. 8,5 m/s

Max. 7,5 m/s

Max. 6,0 m/s

Max. 5 Sec. gust

65,1 m/s

55,3 m/s

48,8 m/s

39,1 m/s

Max. 10 Min gust

46,5 m/s

39,5 m/s

34,9 m/s

29,9 m/s

Max. 8,5 m/s

Max. 7,5 m/s

Max. 6,0 m/s

Average wind speed Max. 11,0 m/s

50 yearly gust

70,0 m/s

59,5 m/s

52,5 m/s

42,0 m/s

50 yearly wind

50,0 m/s

42,5 m/s

42,5 m/s

30,0 m/s

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Survival speed - mph

Standard

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GL

IEC

Criteria

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Average wind speed Max. 22,4 mph Max. 19,0 mph Max. 16,8 mph Max. 13,4 mph
Max. 5 Sec. gust

145,6 mph

123,7 mph

109,2 mph

87,5 mph

Max. 10 Min gust

104,0 mph

88,4 mph

78,1 mph

66,9 mph

Average wind speed Max. 24,6 mph Max. 19,0 mph Max. 16,8 mph Max. 13,4 mph
50 yearly gust

156,6 mph

133,1 mph

117,4 mph

94,0 mph

50 yearly wind

111,8 mph

95,1 mph

95,1 mph

67,1 mph

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