The fresh peeling yielded a volatile oil, a resin, and some reducing acids.

The resin is believed to be nontoxic and protective to the stomach against alcohol.
The outer skin of the fruit is rich in tannin.
From the seeds, two toxic and bitter substances and traces of an alkaloid.
The fruit pulp contains sucrose, saccharose, fructose and glucose.
Bark is astringent.
Study isolated a new tetranortriterpenoid (Source)
Study yielded five tetranoterpenoids, domesticulide A-E (1-5) from the seed. The seed extract
was rich in limonoids.
Yields triterpenoid lansiolides with antimalarial activity.
Source:http://stuartxchange.com/Lansones.html
Purifying used cooking oil
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the separation of a dilute suspension of solid particles into supernatant liquid
and concentrated slurry. Examples of solid particles include steel, iron, calcium, lithium and
other types of wastes. However, gases like oxygen, neon, xenon and krypton cannot be separated
using sedimentation.
Source: http://www.ehow.com/about_5665222_sedimentation-methods.html
Different oils come from different sources which means it undergoes different process. There are
times when antioxidants are added to delay rancidity or spoilage. This study used sedimentation
method to purify used cooking oil. To aid the sedimentation method activated carbon and clay
soil was also used. Clay soil also known as heavy soil was used in the sedimentation method
since it absorbs and retains more components and substances. It also has poor drainage making it
possible to absorb the small particles found in the used oils. During the filtration process,
activated carbon was also used. To make activated carbon, manufacturers heat common charcoal
in the presence of a gas that causes the charcoal to develop lots of internal spaces or pores.
These pores help activated charcoal trap chemicals.
Source: https://prezi.com/hzwdn0f2yz3n/sedimentation-method-used-in-purifying-used-cookingoil/

What Is Activated Carbon?

Activated carbon is a highly porous substance that attracts and holds organic chemicals inside it.
The media is created by first burning a carbonaceous substance without oxygen which makes a
carbon char. Next, the char is treated chemically or physically to develop an interconnected
series of holes or pores inside the carbon. The great surface area of this internal pore network
results in an extremely large surface area that can attract and hold organic chemicals.
Is There A Difference Between Activated Carbon And Activated Charcoal?
Most people have a misunderstanding that there is a difference between activated carbon and
activated charcoal. Both of these terms can and are used interchangeably. As well, active carbon
is another similar word used for activated carbon and activated charcoal. All of these phrases are
synonymous and commonly found in our field.
What Does Activated Carbon Do?
Activated carbon attracts organic chemicals from vapor and liquid streams cleaning them of
unwanted chemicals. It does not have a great capacity for these chemicals, but is very cost
effective for treating large volumes of air or water to remove dilute concentrations of
contamination. For a better perspective, when individuals ingest chemicals or are experiencing
food poisoning, they are instructed to drink a small amount of activated carbon to soak up and
remove the poisons.
What Will Activated Carbon Remove?
Organic chemicals are attracted to carbon the best. Very few inorganic chemicals will be
removed by carbon. The molecular weight, polarity, solubility in water, temperature of the fluid
stream and concentration in the stream are all factors that affect the capacity of the carbon for the
material to be removed. VOCs such as Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, oils and some chlorinated
compounds are common target chemicals removed through use of carbon. Other large uses for
activated carbon are the removal of odors and color contamination.
What Is Activated Carbon Made From?
Here at General Carbon, we carry activated carbon made from bituminous coal, lignite coal,
coconut shell and wood.
How Is Activated Carbon Made?
There are two different ways to make activated carbon but for this article we will provide you
with the more efficient way that will create higher quality and purer activated carbon. Activated
carbon is made by being placed in a tank without oxygen and subjecting it to extremely high
temperatures, 600-900 degrees Celsius. Afterwards, the carbon is exposed to different chemicals,
commonly argon and nitrogen, and again placed in a tank and superheated from 600-1200
degrees Celsius. The second time the carbon is placed in the heat tank, it is exposed to steam and
oxygen. Through this process, a pore structure is created and the usable surface area of the
carbon greatly increases.

Which Activated Carbon Should I Use?

The first decision for using carbon is to treat a liquid or vapor stream. Air is best treated using
large particles of carbon to reduce the pressure drop through the bed. Smaller particles are used
with liquid applications to reduce the distance the chemicals have to travel to be adsorbed inside
the carbon. Whether your project treats vapor or liquid, there are different sized carbon particles
available. There are all different substrates such as coal or coconut shell base carbon to consider.
Talk to a General Carbon representative to get the best product for your job.
How Do I Use Activated Carbon?
Carbon is typically used in a column contactor. The columns are called adsorbers and are
designed specifically for air and water. The design is engineered for loading (amount of fluid per
area cross section), contact time (a minimum contact time is needed to insure required removal)
and pressure drop through the adsorber (needed to size container pressure rating and fan/pump
design rating). The standard General Carbon adsorbers are pre-engineered to meet all of the
requirements for good adsorber design. We can also design special designs for applications
outside the normal range.
How Long Does Activated Carbon Last?
Carbons capacity for chemicals depends on many things. The molecular weight of the chemical
being removed, the concentration of the chemical in the stream being treated, other chemicals in
the treated stream, operating temperature of the system and polarity of the chemicals being
removed all affect the life of a carbon bed. Your General Carbon representative will be able to
provide you with an expected operating life based on the amounts and chemicals in your stream.
Does Activated Carbon Absorb or Adsorb?
Activated carbon adsorbs. The chemical process of absorption is commonly compared to a
sponge soaking up water. The water is fully integrated into the sponge, not being limited to the
surface area. Differently, adsorption is a process whereby molecules stick to the surface area
only. As mentioned above, activated carbon has a large surface area due to being a porous
material. The unwanted substance sticks to the surface area of the carbon particles.
Which Carbon filter is best for me?
There are several kinds of activated carbon filters and determining which filter will work best for
you is actually not that complicated. If you would like to learn more about the proper treatment
of your application, our technicians are more than willing to find a solution. Please contact us for
more information through this process.