1,2,3
PG Scholar,2,3,4Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical Engineering, 4Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Saranathan College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, INDIA
I.INTRODUCTION
Solar systems that convert solar energy to thermal
energy and then using this thermal energy to generate
electricity are usually large scale systems. The main aim of
this work is to generate both electrical thermal powers
simultaneously. In addition to that of that the concept of
electrical analogy with mechanical stream leads to the
effective origination of the project. Both small scale and large
scale applications of photovoltaic technology can be observed
today. An emerging technology, which combines the
generation of dual power via single mean, is known as
Photovoltaic/Thermal hybrid collectors, which are usually
abbreviated as PV/T collectors.
II.LITERATURE SURVEY
S.A.Kalogirou [8] considered a domestic flat and hot
thermosyphonic system and a larger active system suitable for
a block of flats or for small office buildings. The results show
that a considerable amount of thermal and electrical energy is
produced by the PV/T systems but there will be a drop in
thermal efficiency during non sunny days and the performance
as well as economic improvement methods is being suggested.
Thus, the PVs have better chances of success especially when
both electricity and hot water is required as in domestic.
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selection of materials for each and every part of the solar flat
plate collector. His step by step sequence of obtaining the
performance of FPC is more useful in this work for solving
the thermal part. In addition he also forms strong basis for
electro-thermal analogy and most useful concept in bridging
the gap between electrical with thermal field. He laid a strong
foundation for the introduction of simultaneous generation
electrical and thermal power by making use of renewable
energy sources available in abundant.
[4] Jos R. Espinoza made an detailed analysis in
the field of inverters. He formulated mathematical model for
various inverters. In addition he also developed simulation
model for inverters. He suggested many application oriented
inverters. He also discussed about right selection of inverters
along with its simulation models.
All those above clues lead the idea of drafting and
designing this new PV/T water collector system which is
economically viable. Such newly designed PV/T collector
with transparent glass allows much more sunlight to fall on the
pipe carrying cold water as a mean of which rate of heat
transfer from the tube to that of transporting fluid has been
improved. Thus results in the overall performance
improvement in case PV/T hybrid water collectors.
III.EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
In this work conversion of electrical power from
source to receiver remains same as that of the normal PV cell
power conversion. As principal source sun delivers rays it is
absorbed by the PV cell. Then the cell converts absorbed heat
in DC power. Then Inverters are used to convert DC to AC.
There are two types of inverters: (a) stand-alone or (b) gridconnected. Both types have several similarities but are
different in terms of control functions.
The basic working principle of photovoltaic/thermal
water collectors has been explained simply with a help of fig
(1) shown below.
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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
B.THERMAL PART:
The performance of thermal system will be
determined using same procedure to that of single system
analysis. As a mean to explain formula used to calculate
thermal performance consider a common mathematical
model.From [9] Sukhatme, Formula used to calculate
efficiency of thermal flat plate collector has been defined as
ration of useful heat gain to radiation incident on the collector.
= Qu / Ac.It
(5)
Where as
Qu = FR*Ap*[S-Ul(Tfi-Tfa)]
(6)
V.THEORITICAL SIMULATION
With reference to Krismadinata [5] the simulations
has been made for PV. The simulations were classified in to
two types i) Full system simulation (Fig: 8) (Appendix: 1) ii)
Subsystem simulation. They are discussed in detail as follows.
A. Subsystem: 1
This model converts the module
temperature given in degrees Celsius to Kelvin.
S.No
Parameters
Value
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Rated Power
Voltage at Maximum power (Vmp)
Current at Maximum power (Imp)
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc)
Short Circuit Current (Iscr)
Total number of cells in series (Ns)
3.8Watt
10.5 V
0.36 A
21.6 V
2.9 A
16
1
10-12 V
150-200( DC )
10 KHz
0.4 < D < 0.8
20mH
110 F
IGBT
Input Voltage
Output Voltage
Switching Frequency(f)
Duty Cycle (D)
Inductance (L1)
Capacitance
Switch Type
operating
B. Subsystem: 2
This model takes following inputs.
Insolation/ Irradiation (G / 1000) 1 kW/ m2= 1.
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Case 1
Conventional
PV/T
To
(%)
(C)
41
40.60
Case 2
New PV/T
Time
Solar
Intensity
IST
(Hrs)
I
(W/m2 )
10.00
722.6
11.00
859.4
44
12.00
937.5
49
13.00
917.9
14.00
820.3
53
33.29
60
37.98
15.00
761.7
47
32.82
52
36.25
16.00
605.5
40
31.00
45
33.85
55
To (C)
(%)
45
42.71
39.25
50
41.07
37.54
54
40.37
36.10
61
39.00
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APPENDIX: 1
REFERENCES
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