Conservation of Linear Momentum

Here we consider, N mV dmV , and n V

d
mV
dt

VdV V Vr dA
sys
t CV
CS

Assumptions:
A non deformable control volume {volume f (t)}
Control volume to be stationary {rel. vel. = abs vel.}

Slide 15, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

After considering assumptions,

F sys F CV

CV t V dV CS V V dA

It is integral form of the eq of conservation of

linear momentum
LHS represents total forces acting on the CV

F Fsurf Fbody
Slide 16, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

Surface Forces
Traction Vector: It designate the surface force in
formal way

Cartesian Index Notation:

Traction Vector
Ti

(Force per unit area)

Orientation of
normal on which
traction vector is
calculated
Slide 17, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

The direction of traction vector, i.e outward
normal may coincide with either x, y or z axes

x2

ij i: direction normal
1
2

T 12
1
1

T 11
T31 13 x1
x3

of the surface

j: direction of action
of the force it self
Components of
Stress Tensor
Slide 18, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

From conservation of angular momentum

ij ji
x2
AOC S1
A

BOC S2
AOB S3
ABC S
O
B

x3

x1

Equation of equilibrium
will express the force
over S as a function of
forces over the other
surfaces S1, S2, and S3.
Slide 19, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

x1 component of force

x2

A
B

31ds3
11ds1

T1

x1

21ds2

x3

1i 1 j 3k

Slide 20, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

Equation of equilibrium

x1

dm.a1

11ds1 21ds2 31ds3 T ds b1dV a1dV

hds
hds
111 212 313 T ds b1
a1

3
3

Traction vector in terms of stress tensor

components at point o
We shrink the volume and h 0
Slide 21, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

Equation of equilibrium

T 111 212 313

Ti 1i1 2i2 3i3

3

Ti ji j ij j
j 1

j 1

CAUCHYS THEOREM
Relates a traction vector on an arbitrary plane in terms
of stress tensor components wrt to reference planes

Slide 22, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

CAUCHYS THEOREM
3

Ti ji j ij j
j 1

j 1

T1 11
12
13 1

22
23 2
T2 21 12

T3 31 13 32 23 33 3
Traction
Vector

Normal
Vector
Slide 23, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

Along a specific direction, i

F CV ,i

CV t ui dV CS ui V dA

ui dV ui V dA
i
CS Ti dA CV bdV
t
CV
CS

where,

Ti i11 i 22 i 33

Ti i1i i1 j i1k . 1i 2 j 3k

Ti i .

Slide 24, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

Earlier expression changes to

ui dV ui V dA
CS

t
CV
CV
CS

ui dV . uV
dV
i
i
CV . idV CV bdV
t
CV
CV

i . dA bdV

CV t ui . uVi . i bi dV 0

Slide 25, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

Since the volume, dV is arbitrary, the integrand
itself is equal to zero

. i bi 0
ui . uV
i
t

. i bi
ui . uV
i
t

Index notation

ui uiu j ij bi
t
x j
x j
Slide 26, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Conservation of Linear Momentum

NAVIERS equation of equilibrium

ui uiu j ij bi
t
x j
x j

Slide 26, Unit 1: Basic Principles

Thank you
M Mohan Jagadeesh Kumar
Associate Professor
SMBS, R.No: MB 133G
mohan.jagadeeshkumar@vit.ac.in