SIE 1010 Engineering Design Graphics

Lesson 5.1 Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Dr Ivan Lee
Ivan.Lee@SingaporeTech.edu.sg

Lesson Outline
Dimensioning

Units of Measurement
Terminology Associated with Dimensions
Arrangement, Placement and Spacing of Dimensions
Using Dimensions to Specify Size and Location of Features
Dimensioning Rules and Guidelines
Finish Marks

Tolerancing

Definitions
Tolerancing Methods and Tolerance Accumulation
Geometric Tolerances
Tolerancing of Mated Parts
Preferred Metric Limits and Fits

Dimensioning Introduction
An engineering drawing must include all information needed
to build a part, assembly or system
Technical drawings should include:
Dimensions and general notes describing the size and location of part
features
Details related to the construction or manufacture of the part

A dimension is a numerical value used to define the following

attributes of a part or feature

Size
Location
Geometric characteristic
Surface texture

Unit of Measurement
Drawings are dimensioned using Metric or English units
Metric system: Millimetres in whole numbers
English/Imperial system: Inches in decimals (typical: 2 dec places)
Add general note: Unless otherwise stated, all dimensions are in
millimetres (or inches)

Main Goals of Dimensioning

Use only the dimensions needed to completely define a part,
nothing more
Select and arrange dimensions to support the function and
mating relationship of the part
Important: dimensioned part should not be subject to differing
interpretations

In general, do not specify the manufacturing methods to be

used in building the part
Leave options open to manufacturing; avoid potential legal problems

Arrange dimensions for optimum readability

Appear in true profile views, and refer to visible object edges

Unless otherwise stated, assume angles to be 90 degrees

Terminology

Terminology associated with dimensions

Direction for Dimensional Values

Unidirectional dimensioning
Values and text are oriented horizontally (for ease of reading)

Aligned dimensioning (older style)

Values are oriented parallel to dimension lines
Not recognized by ANSI

Arrangement, Placement, Spacing of

Dimensions
Dimensions are arranged for optimum readability
Guidelines to govern spacing, grouping, and staggering of parallel
dimensions
Also guidelines for dimensioning when space is limited

Spacing between parallel dimensions

Grouping and alignment of

parallel dimensions to present a
uniform appearance

Arrangement, Placement of Dimensions

Staggering of parallel dimensions

to avoid crowding
Possible placement of dimension text;
applies to horizontal, vertical, aligned,
angular and radial dimensions

Guidelines for Leaders

Multiple leaders in same vicinity

should be parallel;
Leader lines should not be overly long
and cross as few lines as possible

Leaders directed to circle or arc

should pass through circle centre
when extended

Specify Size and Location of Features

Dimensions are used to specify size and location of features
Linear (horizontal, vertical, aligned), radial, diametric, angular
dimensions

Dimensions used to size part features

Dimensions used to locate part features

Symbols, Abbreviations, General Notes

A number of symbols are employed in dimensioning

Common dimensioning symbols

General notes and abbreviations used

in dimensioning;
X symbol also used to dimension
multiple features of the same size

Dimensioning Rules & Guidelines

Occasionally, rules or guidelines may be violated
Due to part complexity, lack of space, conflict with other rules, etc

Rules for prismatic shapes, cylinders and arcs

Rules & Guidelines for Prisms

Do not repeat dimensions
Apply dimensions to a feature in its
most descriptive view
Place dimensions between views
Omit one (intermediate) dimension

Avoid cluttering drawing with

unnecessary dimensions
Avoid ambiguity in specifying
tolerances
Include intermediate dimensions that
are easiest to measure with calipers

Place smaller dimensions inside of

larger dimensions

Keep drawing organized, avoid

extension lines that cross dimension
lines

Rules and guidelines for

dimensioning prisms

Rules & Guidelines for Prisms

Dimension to visible object lines, not
to hidden lines
Keep dimensions outside of views

If drawing view is cluttered or leader line

needs to be extremely long, then this
rule may be overriden

Extension lines may cross object lines

and other extension lines

In general, desirable to avoid lines that

cross
But permissible for an extension line to
cross an object line or another extension
line

More rules and guidelines

for dimensioning prisms

Rules & Guidelines for Cylinders & Arcs

Dimension diameter of cylindrical
parts in their rectangular view
Dimension diameter of cylindrical
holes in their circular view
Dimension radius of circular arcs in
the view where their true shape is
seen

For arcs <= 180 degrees, specify radius

For arcs > 180 degrees, specify diameter
Note use of symbols: R, , Places, TYP

Avoid overly long extension and

leader lines
Rules and guidelines for
dimensioning cylinders and arcs

Assembly of Mating Parts

An assembly is made up of two or more mating parts

Complex Assembly of Parts

John Deere Tractor Assembly Drawing

Surface Finishing
Parts produced by casting have rough external surfaces
When cast parts are used in an assembly
Surfaces in contact with other parts are machined or finished to
provide smooth mating surfaces, reduce friction, etc

Casting Process
Casting is a manufacturing process by which a liquid material
is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity
of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The
solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or
broken out of the mold to complete the process.
Sand Casting Process
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szOwGvYO_Tc

Investment Casting Process

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BX8w-GUPz1w
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyrXq_u1OH0

Finish Marks
A finish mark symbol () is used to indicate that a surface is to be
machined
Finish marks are applied to all edge views (visible or hidden) of finished
part surfaces

Surface Texture Symbols

Application of surface symbols to a part

Surface texture symbols and construction

Surface Finish in Manufacturing

Surface roughness produced by various manufacturing methods

Surface Finish in Manufacturing

Surface roughness produced by various manufacturing methods