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56
17 2006
Slavin, 1985
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1984a; Slavin, Leavey & Madden, 1984; Nichols & Mill, 1993
TAI TAI
57
individualized learning
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1985, 1995
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Slavin, 1995
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58
17 2006
200320042002
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et al., 1988; Mevarech, 1991
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59
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17 2006
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17 2006
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http://www.charlesbridge.com/school/tai.student.htm
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17 2006
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Lincoln, 1994; Maykut & Morehouse, 1994
13
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17 2006
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17 2006
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17 2006
6 TAI
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1984a; Slavin, Leavey, & Madden, 1984; Nichols & Mill, 1993 TAI
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74
17 2006
q0221 7 TAI
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76
17 2006
3.
4.
1. TAI
2. TAI TAI
3. TAI
2000
2003
1999
33 91
1994
1519-38
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1239-72
2004 11
1992
19901215-20
77
1998
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2003
2004
2004
23111-136
2002
1996
1998
1990
1996
19-43
17 2006
Madden, N. A., & Slavin, R. E. (1983). Mainstreaming students with mild academic
handicaps: Academic and social outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 53,
519-569.
Maykut, P., & Morehouse, R. (1994). Designing Qualitative Research: An Overview.
Mevarech, Z. R. (1991). Learning mathematics in different mastery environments. Journal of
Educational Research, 84(4), 225-231.
Nichols, J. D., & Miller, Raymond B. (1993). Cooperative Learning and Student Motivation.
Ed359254.
Pressley, M., & Ghatala, E. S. (1990). Self-regulated learning: Monitoring learningfrom text.
Educational Psychologist, 25, 19-33.
Ryan, F., & Wheeler, R. (1977). The effects of cooperative and Competitive background
experience of students on the play of a stimulation game. Journal of Educational
Research, 70, 295-299.
Salend, S. J., & Washin, B. (1988). Team-Assisted Individualization with Handicapped
Adjudicated Youth. Exceptional Children, 55(2), n2, p174-180, EJ378875.
Slavin, R. E. (1983). Effects of Cooperative Learning on Mainstreamed Academically
Handicapped Children. Final Report. Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Center for
Social Organization of Schools. ED249719.
Slavin, R. E. (1985). Team-assisted individualization combining cooperative learning and
individualized instruction in mathematics, In R. Slavin, S. Sharan, S. Kagan, R. H.
Lazarowitz, C. Webb and R. Schmuck(eds.), Learning to cooperate, cooperating to
learn(pp.177-209). New York: Plenum Press.
Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative learning: theory, research, and practice. Massachusetts:
Simon & Schuster company.
Slavin, Robert E., et al. (1983). Team-Assisted Individualization: A Cooperative Learning
Solution for Adaptive Instruction in Mathematics. ED232852.
Slavin, R. E., & Karweit, N. L. (1984a). Mathematics Achievement Effects of Three Levels of
Individualization: Whole Class, Ability Grouped, and Individualized Instruction. Johns
Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Center for Social Organization of Schools. ED242559.
Slavin, R. E., & Karweit, N. L. (1984b). Mastery learning and student teams: A factorial
experiment in urban general mathematics class. American Educational Research
79
2006 03 23
2006 05 22
2006 06 13
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Abstract
Team-accelerated instruction (TAI) is an instructional method that combines
individualized instruction with cooperative learning in mathematics, in which students work
on individualized units in heterogeneous, cooperative learning groups. The purpose of this
action study was to investigate the effects of a TAI mathematic program on a sixth grade
classroom. Eighteen boys and thirteen girls participate in TAI class, each receiving two
units of mathematical courses. The results show that compared with traditional whole-class
instruction, TAI stimulates more interest and willingness to seek help and learn better, and it
also helps to improve the friendship between members. Implications of the TAI approach
for adaptive learning in Mathematics were discussed.
Key words: Team-Assisted Individualization (TAI), Cooperative Learning, Learning in
Mathematics.
81