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CHAPTERXI.
1.Himwhowishes(tomarryforthesakeofhaving)offspring,himwhowishestoperformasacrifice,a
traveller,himwhohasgivenawayallhisproperty,himwhobegsforthesakeofhisteacher,hisfather,
orhismother,astudentoftheVeda,andasickman,
2.ThesenineBrahmanasoneshouldconsiderasSnatakas,begginginordertofulfilthesacredlawto
suchpoormengiftsmustbegiveninproportiontotheirlearning.
3.Tothesemostexcellentamongthetwiceborn,foodandpresents(ofmoney)mustbegivenitis
declaredthatfoodmustbegiventoothersoutsidethesacrificialenclosure.
4.Butakingshallbestow,asisproper,jewelsofallsorts,andpresentsforthesakeofsacrificeson
BrahmanaslearnedintheVedas.
5.Ifamanwhohasawifewedsasecondwife,havingbeggedmoney(todefraythemarriageexpenses,
heobtains)noadvantagebutsensualenjoymentbuttheissue(ofhissecondmarriagebelongs)tothe
giverofthemoney.
6.Oneshouldgive,accordingtoone'sability,wealthtoBrahmanaslearnedintheVedaandlivingalone
(thus)oneobtainsafterdeathheavenlybliss.
7.Hewhomaypossess(asupplyof)foodsufficienttomaintainthosedependantonhimduringthree
yearsormorethanthat,isworthytodrinktheSomajuice.
8.Butatwicebornman,who,thoughpossessinglessthanthatamountofproperty,neverthelessdrinks
theSomajuice,doesnotderiveanybenefitfromthat(act),thoughhemayhaveformerlydrunkthe
Somajuice.
9.(If)anopulentman(is)liberaltowardsstrangers,whilehisfamilylivesindistress,thatcounterfeit
virtuewillfirstmakehimtastethesweets(offame,butafterwards)makehimswallowthepoison(of
punishmentinhell).
10.If(aman)doesanythingforthesakeofhishappinessinanotherworld,tothedetrimentofthose
whomheisboundtomaintain,thatproducesevilresultsforhim,bothwhilehelivesandwhenheis
dead.
11.Ifasacrifice,(offered)by(anytwiceborn)sacrificer,(and)especiallybyaBrahmana,mustremain
incompletethrough(thewantof)onerequisite,whilearighteouskingrules,
12.Thatarticle(required)forthecompletionofthesacrifice,maybetaken(forcibly)fromthehouseof
anyVaisya,whopossessesalargenumberofcattle,(but)neitherperformsthe(minor)sacrificesnor
drinkstheSomajuice
13.(Or)the(sacrificer)maytakeathispleasuretwoorthree(articlesrequiredforasacrifice)fromthe
houseofaSudraforaSudrahasnobusinesswithsacrifices.
14.If(aman)possessingonehundredcows,kindlesnotthesacredfire,oronepossessingathousand
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cows,drinksnottheSomajuice,a(sacrificer)mayunhesitatinglytake(whatherequires)fromthe
housesofthosetwo,even(thoughtheybeBrahmanasorKshatriyas)
15.(Or)hemaytake(itbyforceorfraud)fromonewhoalwaystakesandnevergives,andwhorefuses
togiveitthusthefame(ofthetaker)willspreadandhismeritincrease.
16.Likewisehewhohasnoteatenat(thetimeof)sixmeals,maytakeat(thetimeof)theseventhmeal
(food)fromamanwhoneglectshissacredduties,without(however)makingaprovisionforthemorrow,
17.Eitherfromthethreshingfloor,orfromafield,oroutofthehouse,orwhereverhefindsitbutif(the
owner)askshim,hemustconfesstohimthat(deedanditscause).
18.(Onsuchoccasions)aKshatriyamustnevertakethepropertyofa(virtuousBrahmanabuthewhois
starvingmayappropriatethepossessionsofaDasyu,orofonewhoneglectshissacredduties.
19.Hewhotakespropertyfromthewickedandbestowsitonthevirtuous,transformshimselfintoa
boat,andcarriesboth(overtheseaofmisfortune).
20.Thepropertyofthosewhozealouslyoffersacrifices,thewisecallthepropertyofthegodsbutthe
wealthofthosewhoperformnosacrificesiscalledthepropertyoftheAsuras.
21.Onhim(who,forthereasonsstated,appropriatesanother'spossessions),arighteouskingshallnot
inflictpunishmentfor(inthatcase)aBrahmanapineswithhungerthroughtheKshatriya'swantofcare.
22.Havingascertainedthenumberofthosedependentonsuchaman,andhavingfullyconsideredhis
learningandhisconduct,thekingshallallowhim,outofhisownproperty,amaintenancewhereonhe
mayliveaccordingtothelaw
23.Andafterallottingtohimamaintenance,thekingmustprotecthimineverywayforheobtainsfrom
such(aman)whomheprotects,thepartofhisspiritualmerit.
24.ABrahmanashallneverbegfromaSudrapropertyforasacrificeforasacrificer,havingbegged(it
fromsuchaman),afterdeathisborn(again)asaKandala.
25.ABrahmanawho,havingbeggedanypropertyforasacrifice,doesnotusethewhole(forthat
purpose),becomesforahundredyearsa(vultureofthekindcalled)Bhasa,oracrow.
26.Thatsinfulman,who,throughcovetousness,seizesthepropertyofthegods,orthepropertyof
Brahmanas,feedsinanotherworldontheleavingsofvultures.
27.IncasetheprescribedanimalandSomasacrificescannotbeperformed,lethimalwaysofferatthe
changeoftheyearaVaisvanariIshtiasapenance(fortheomission).
28.Butatwiceborn,who,withoutbeingindistress,performshisdutiesaccordingtothelawfortimesof
distress,obtainsnorewardfortheminthenextworldthatistheopinion(ofthesages).
29.BytheVisvedevas,bytheSadhyas,andbythegreatsages(ofthe)Brahmana(caste),whowere
afraidofperishingintimesofdistress,asubstitutewasmadeforthe(principal)rule.
30.Thatevilmindedman,who,beingable(tofulfil)theoriginallaw,livesaccordingtothesecondary
rule,reapsnorewardforthatafterdeath.
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31.ABrahmanawhoknowsthelawneednotbringany(offence)tothenoticeofthekingbyhisown
poweralonebecanpunishthosemenwhoinjurehim.
32.HisownpowerisgreaterthanthepowerofthekingtheBrahmanatherefore,maypunishhisfoesby
hisownpoweralone.
33.Lethimusewithouthesitationthesacredtexts,revealedbyAtharvanandbyAngirasspeech,indeed,
istheweaponoftheBrahmana,withthathemayslayhisenemies.
34.AKshatriyashallpassthroughmisfortuneswhichhavebefallenhimbythestrengthofhisarms,a
VaisyaandaSudrabytheirwealth,thechiefofthetwicebornbymutteredprayersandburntoblations.
35.TheBrahmanaisdeclared(tobe)thecreator(oftheworld),thepunisher,theteacher,(andhence)a
benefactor(ofallcreatedbeings)tohimletnomansayanythingunpropitious,noruseanyharshwords.
36.Neitheragirl,nora(married)youngwoman,noramanoflittlelearning,norafool,noramanin
greatsuffering,noroneuninitiated,shallofferanAgnihotra.
37.Forsuch(persons)offeringaburntoblationsinkintohell,aswellashetowhomthat(Agnihotra)
belongshencethepersonwhosacrifices(foranother)mustbeskilledin(theperformanceof)Vaitana
(rites),andknowthewholeVeda.
38.ABrahmanawho,thoughwealthy,doesnotgive,asfeefortheperformanceofanAgnyadheya,a
horsesacredtoPragapati,becomes(equaltoone)whohasnotkindledthesacredfires.
39.Lethimwhohasfaithandcontrolshissensesperformothermeritoriousacts,butlethimonno
accountoffersacrificesatwhichhegivessmallerfees(thanthoseprescribed).
40.Theorgans(ofsenseandaction),honour,(blissin)heaven,longevity,fame,offspring,andcattleare
destroyedbyasacrificeatwhich(too)smallsacrificialfeesaregivenhenceamanofsmallmeans
shouldnotoffera(Srauta)sacrifice.
41.ABrahmanawho,beinganAgnihotrin,voluntarilyneglectsthesacredfires,shallperformalunar
penanceduringonemonthforthat(offence)isequaltotheslaughterofason.
42.Thosewho,obtainingwealthfromSudras,(andusingthat)offeranAgnihotra,arepriestsofficiating
forSudras,(andhence)censuredamongthosewhorecitetheVeda.
43.Treadingwithhisfootontheheadsofthosefoolswhoworshipafire(kindledattheexpense)ofa
Sudra,thegiver(ofthewealth)shallalwayspassoverhismiseries(inthenextworld).
44.Amanwhoomitsaprescribedact,orperformsablamableact,orcleavestosensualenjoyments,
mustperformapenance.
45.(All)sagesprescribeapenanceforasinunintentionallycommittedsomedeclare,ontheevidenceof
therevealedtexts,(thatitmaybeperformed)evenforanintentional(offence).
46.AsinunintentionallycommittedisexpiatedbytherecitationofVedictexts,butthatwhich(men)in
theirfollycommitintentionally,byvarious(special)penances.
47.Atwicebornman,havingbecomeliabletoperformapenance,beitby(thedecreeof)fateorby(an
act)committedinaformerlife,mustnot,beforethepenancehasbeenperformed,haveintercoursewith
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virtuousmen.
48.Somewickedmensufferachangeoftheir(natural)appearanceinconsequenceofcrimescommitted
inthislife,andsomeinconsequenceofthosecommittedinaformer(existence).
49.Hewhostealsthegold(ofaBrahmana)hasdiseasednailsadrinkerof(thespirituousliquorcalled)
Sura,blackteeththeslayerofaBrahmana,consumptiontheviolatorofaGuru'sbed,adiseasedskin
50.Aninformer,afoulsmellingnoseacalumniator,astinkingbreathastealerofgrain,deficiencyin
limbshewhoadulterates(grain),redundantlimbs
51.Astealerof(cooked)food,dyspepsiaastealerofthewords(oftheVeda),dumbnessastealerof
clothes,whiteleprosyahorsestealer,lameness.
52.Thestealerofalampwillbecomeblindhewhoextinguishesitwillbecomeoneeyedinjury(to
sentientbeings)ispunishedbygeneralsicklinessanadulterer(willhave)swellings(inhislimbs).
53.Thusinconsequenceofaremnantof(theguiltofformer)crimes,arebornidiots,dumb,blind,deaf,
anddeformedmen,whoare(all)despisedbythevirtuous.
54.Penances,therefore,mustalwaysbeperformedforthesakeofpurification,becausethosewhosesins
havenotbeenexpiated,areborn(again)withdisgracefulmarks.
55.KillingaBrahmana,drinking(thespirituousliquorcalled)Sura,stealing(thegoldofaBrahmana),
adulterywithaGuru'swife,andassociatingwithsuch(offenders),theydeclare(tobe)mortalsins
(mahapataka).
56.Falselyattributingtooneselfhighbirth,givinginformationtotheking(regardingacrime),and
falselyaccusingone'steacher,(areoffences)equaltoslayingaBrahmana.
57.ForgettingtheVeda,revilingtheVedas,givingfalseevidence,slayingafriend,eatingforbidden
food,or(swallowingsubstances)unfitforfood,aresix(offences)equaltodrinkingSura.
58.Stealingadeposit,ormen,ahorse,andsilver,land,diamondsand(other)gems,isdeclaredtobe
equaltostealingthegold(ofaBrahmana).
59.Carnalintercoursewithsistersbythesamemother,with(unmarried)maidens,withfemalesofthe
lowestcastes,withthewivesofafriend,orofason,theydeclaretobeequaltotheviolationofaGuru's
bed.
60.Slayingkine,sacrificingforthosewhoareunworthytosacrifice,adultery,sellingoneself,castingoff
one'steacher,mother,father,orson,givingupthe(daily)studyoftheVeda,andneglectingthe(sacred
domestic)fire,
61.Allowingone'syoungerbrothertomarryfirst,marryingbeforeone'selderbrother,givingadaughter
to,orsacrificingfor,(eitherbrother),
62.Defilingadamsel,usury,breakingavow,sellingatank,agarden,one'swife,orchild,
63.LivingasaVratya,castingoffarelative,teaching(theVeda)forwages,learning(theVeda)froma
paidteacher,andsellinggoodswhichoneoughtnottosell,
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64.Superintendingmines(orfactories)ofanysort,executinggreatmechanicalworks,injuring(living)
plants,subsistingon(theearningsof)one'swife,sorcery(bymeansofsacrifices),andworking(magic
bymeansof)roots,(andsoforth),
65.Cuttingdowngreentreesforfirewood,doingactsforone'sownadvantageonly,eatingprohibited
food,
66.Neglectingtokindlethesacredfires,theft,nonpaymentof(thethree)debts,studyingbadbooks,and
practising(theartsof)dancingandsinging,
67.Stealinggrain,basemetals,orcattle,intercoursewithwomenwhodrinkspirituousliquor,slaying
women,Sudras,Vaisyas,orKshatriyas,andatheism,(areall)minoroffences,causinglossofcaste
(Upapataka).
68.GivingpaintoaBrahmana(byablow),smellingatthingswhichoughtnottobesmeltat,orat
spirituousliquor,cheating,andanunnaturaloffencewithaman,aredeclaredtocausethelossofcaste
(Gatibhramsa)
69.Killingadonkey,ahorse,acamel,adeer,anelephant,agoat,asheep,afish,asnake,orabuffalo,
mustbeknowntodegrade(theoffender)toamixedcaste(Samkarikarana).
70.Acceptingpresentsfromblamedmen,trading,servingSudras,andspeakingafalsehood,make(the
offender)unworthytoreceivegifts(Apatra).
71.Killinginsects,smallorlarge,orbirds,eatinganythingkeptclosetospirituousliquors,stealingfruit,
firewood,orflowers,(areoffences)whichmakeimpure(Malavaha).
72.Learn(now)completelythosepenances,bymeansofwhichalltheseveraloffencesmentioned(can)
beexpiated.
73.ForhispurificationtheslayerofaBrahmanashallmakeahutintheforestanddwell(init)during
twelveyears,subsistingonalmsandmakingtheskullofadeadmanhisflag.
74.Orlethim,ofhisownfreewill,become(inabattle)thetargetofarcherswhoknow(hispurpose)or
hemaythricethrowhimselfheadlongintoablazingfire
75.Orhemayofferahorsesacrifice,aSvargit,aGosava,anAbhigit,aVisvagit,aTrivrit,oran
Agnishtut
76.Or,inordertoremove(theguiltof)slayingaBrahmana,hemaywalkonehundredyoganas,reciting
oneoftheVedas,eatinglittle,andcontrollinghisorgans
77.OrhemaypresenttoaBrahmana,learnedintheVedas,wholeproperty,asmuchwealthassuffices
forthemaintenance(oftherecipient),orahousetogetherwiththefurniture
78.Or,subsistingonsacrificialfood,hemaywalkagainstthestreamalong(thewholecourseofthe
river)Sarasvatior,restrictinghisfood(verymuch),hemaymutterthricetheSamhitaofaVeda.
79.Havingshavedoff(allhishair),hemaydwellattheextremityofthevillage,orinacowpen,orina
hermitage,orattherootofatree,takingpleasureindoinggoodtocowsandBrahmanas.
80.HewhounhesitatinglyabandonslifeforthesakeofBrahmanasorofcows,isfreedfrom(theguilt
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of)themurderofaBrahmana,and(soishe)whosaves(thelifeof)acow,orofaBrahmana.
81.Ifeitherhefightsatleastthreetimes(againstrobbersindefenceof)aBrahmana's(property),or
reconquersthewholepropertyofaBrahmana,orifheloseshislifeforsuchacause,heisfreed(fromhis
guilt).
82.Hewhothus(remains)alwaysfirminhisvow,chaste,andofconcentratedmind,removesafterthe
lapseoftwelveyears(theguiltof)slayingaBrahmana.
83.Orhewho,afterconfessinghiscrimeinanassemblyofthegodsoftheearth(Brahnanas),andthe
godsofmen(Kshatriyas),bathes(withthepriests)atthecloseofahorsesacrifice,is(also)freed(from
guilt).
84.TheBrahmanaisdeclared(tobe)therootofthesacredlawandtheKshatriyaitstophencehewho
hasconfessedhissinbeforeanassemblyofsuchmen,becomespure.
85.ByhisoriginaloneaBrahmanaisadeityevenforthegods,and(histeachingis)authoritativefor
men,becausetheVedaisthefoundationforthat.
86.(If)onlythreeofthemwhoarelearnedintheVedaproclaimtheexpiationforoffences,thatshall
purifythe(sinners)forthewordsoflearnedmenareameansofpurification.
87.ABrahmanawho,withaconcentratedmind,followsanyofthe(abovementioned)rules,removes
thesincommittedbyslayingaBrahmanathroughhisselfcontrol.
88.Fordestroyingtheembryo(ofaBrahmana,thesexofwhichwas)unknown,forslayingaKshatriya
oraVaisyawhoare(engagedinor)haveoffereda(Vedic)sacrifice,ora(Brahmana)womanwhohas
bathedaftertemporaryuncleanness(Atreyi),hemustperformthesamepenance,
89.Likewiseforgivingfalseevidence(inanimportantcause),forpassionatelyabusingtheteacher,for
stealingadeposit,andforkilling(his)wifeorhisfriend:
90.ThisexpiationhasbeenprescribedforunintentionallykillingaBrahmanabutforintentionally
slayingaBrahmananoatonementisordained.
91.Atwicebornmanwhohas(intentionally)drunk,throughdelusionofmind,(thespirituousliquor
called)Surashalldrinkthatliquorboilinghotwhenhisbodyhasbeencompletelyscaldedbythat,heis
freedfromhisguilt
92.Orhemaydrinkcow'surine,water,milk,clarifiedbutteror(liquid)cowdungboilinghot,untilhe
dies
93.Or,inordertoremove(theguiltof)drinkingSura,hemayeatduringayearonce(aday)atnight
grains(ofrice)oroilcake,wearingclothesmadeofcowhairandhisownhairinbraidsandcarrying(a
winecupas)aflag.
94.Sura,indeed,isthedirtyrefuse(mala)ofgrain,sinalsoiscalleddirt(mala)henceaBrahmana,a
Kshatriya,andaVaisyashallnotdrinkSura.
95.Suraonemustknowtobeofthreekinds,thatdistilledfrommolasses(gaudi),thatdistilledfrom
groundrice,andthatdistilledfromMadhukaflowers(madhvi)astheone(namedabove)evensoareall
(threesorts)forbiddentothechiefofthetwiceborn.
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96.Sura,(allother)intoxicatingdrinksanddecoctionsandflesharethefoodoftheYakshas,Rakshasas,
andPisakasaBrahmanawhoeats(theremnantsof)theofferingsconsecratedtothegods,mustnot
partakeofsuch(substances).
97.ABrahmana,stupefiedbydrunkenness,mightfallonsomethingimpure,or(improperly)pronounce
Vedic(texts),orcommitsomeotheractwhichoughtnottobecommitted.
98.WhentheBrahman(theVeda)whichdwellsinhisbodyis(even)once(only)delugedwithspirituous
liquor,hisBrahmanhoodforsakeshimandhebecomesaSudra.
99.Thevariousexpiationsfordrinking(thespirituousliquorscalled)SurahavethusbeenexplainedI
willnextproclaimtheatonementforstealingthegold(ofaBrahmana).
100.ABrahmanawhohasstolenthegold(ofaBrahmana)shallgotothekingand,confessinghisdeed,
say,'Lord,punishme!'
101.Taking(fromhim)theclub(whichhemustcarry),thekinghimselfshallstrikehimonce,byhis
deaththethiefbecomespureoraBrahmana(maypurifyhimself)byausterities.
102.Hewhodesirestoremovebyausteritiestheguiltofstealingthegold(ofaBrahmana),shallperform
thepenance(prescribed)fortheslayerofaBrahmana,(living)inaforestanddressedin(garments)made
ofbark.
103.Bythesepenancesatwicebornmanmayremovetheguiltincurredbyatheft(ofgold)buthemay
atoneforconnexionwithaGuru'swifebythefollowingpenances.
104.HewhohasviolatedhisGuru'sbed,shall,afterconfessinghiscrime,extendhimselfonaheated
ironbed,orembracetheredhotimage(ofawoman)bydyinghebecomespure
105.Or,havinghimselfcutoffhisorganandhistesticlesandhavingtakentheminhisjoinedhands,he
maywalkstraighttowardstheregionofNirriti(thesouthwest),untilhefallsdown(dead)
106.Or,carryingthefootofabedstead,dressedin(garmentsof)barkandallowinghisbeardtogrow,he
may,withaconcentratedmind,performduringawholeyeartheKrikkhra(orhard,penance),revealed
byPragapati,inalonelyforest
107.Or,controllinghisorgans,hemayduringthreemonthscontinuouslyperformthelunarpenance,
(subsisting)onsacrificialfoodorbarleygruel,inordertoremove(theguiltof)violatingaGuru'sbed.
108.Bymeansofthesepenancesmenwhohavecommittedmortalsins(Mahapataka)mayremovetheir
guilt,butthosewhocommittedminoroffences,causinglossofcaste,(Upapataka,candoit)bythe
variousfollowingpenances.
109.Hewhohascommittedaminoroffencebyslayingacow(orbull)shalldrinkduring(thefirst)
month(adecoctionof)barleygrainshavingshavedallhishair,andcoveringhimselfwiththehide(of
theslaincow),hemustliveinacowhouse.
110.Duringthetwo(following)monthsheshalleatasmall(quantityoffood)withoutanyfactitioussalt
ateveryfourthmealtime,andshallbatheintheurineofcows,keepinghisorgansundercontrol.
111.Duringthedayheshallfollowthecowsand,standingupright,inhalethedust(raisedbytheir
hoofs)atnight,afterservingandworshippingthem,heshallremaininthe(posture,called)virasana.
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112.Controllinghimselfandfreefromanger,hemuststandwhentheystand,followthemwhenthey
walk,andseathimselfwhentheyliedown.
113.(Whenacowis)sick,oristhreatenedbydangerfromthieves,tigers,andthelike,orfalls,orsticks
inamorass,hemustrelieveherbyallpossiblemeans:
114.Inheat,inrain,orincold,orwhenthewindblowsviolently,hemustnotseektoshelterhimself,
without(first)shelteringthecowsaccordingtohisability.
115.Lethimnotsay(aword),ifacoweats(anything)inhisownoranother'shouseorfieldoronthe
threshingfloor,orifacalfdrinks(milk).
116.Theslayerofacowwhoservescowsinthismanner,removesafterthreemonthstheguiltwhichhe
incurredbykillingacow.
117.Butafterhehasfullyperformedthepenance,hemustgiveto(Brahmanas)learnedintheVedaten
cowsandabull,(or)ifhedoesnotpossess(somuchproperty)hemustoffertothemallhehas.
118.Twicebornmenwhohavecommitted(other)minoroffences(Upapataka),exceptastudentwhohas
brokenhisvow(Avakirnin),mayperform,inordertopurifythemselves,thesamepenanceoralsoa
lunarpenance.
119.ButastudentwhohasbrokenhisvowshallofferatnightonacrosswaytoNirritiaoneeyedass,
accordingtotheruleofthePakayagnas.
120.Havingofferedaccordingtotheruleoblationsinthefire,heshallfinallyoffer(four)oblationsof
clarifiedbuttertoVata,toIndra,totheteacher(ofthegods,Brihaspati)andtoAgni,recitingtheRik
verse'MaytheMarutsgrantme,'&c.
121.ThosewhoknowtheVedadeclarethatavoluntaryeffusionofsemenbyatwiceborn(youth)who
fulfilsthevow(ofstudentshipconstitutes)abreachofthatvow.
122.ThedivinelightwhichtheVedaimpartstothestudent,enters,ifhebreakshisvow,theMaruts,
Puruhuta(Indra),theteacher(ofthegods,Brihaspati)andPavaka(Fire).
123.Whenthissinhasbeencommitted,heshallgobeggingtosevenhouses,dressedinthehideofthe
(sacrificed)ass,proclaiminghisdeed.
124.Subsistingonasingle(dailymealthatconsists)ofthealmsobtainedthereandbathingat(thetime
of)thethreesavanas(morning,noon,andevening),hebecomespureafter(thelapseof)oneyear.
125.Forcommittingwithintentanyofthedeedswhichcauselossofcaste(Gatibhramsakara),(the
offender)shallperformaSamtapanaKrikkhra(fordoingit)unintentionally,(theKrikkhra)revealedby
Pragapati.
126.Asatonementfordeedswhichdegradetoamixedcaste(Samkara),andforthosewhichmakeaman
unworthytoreceivegifts(Apatra),(heshallperform)thelunar(penance)duringamonthfor(acts)
whichrenderimpure(Malinikaraniya)heshallscaldhimselfduringthreedayswith(hot)barleygruel.
127.Onefourth(ofthepenance)forthemurderofaBrahmanaisprescribed(asexpiation)for
(intentionally)killingaKshatriya,oneeighthforkillingaVaisyaknowthatitisonesixteenthfor
killingavirtuousSudra.
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128.ButifaBrahmanaunintentionallykillsaKshatriya,heshallgive,inordertopurifyhimself,one
thousandcowsandabull
129.OrhemayperformthepenanceprescribedforthemurdererofaBrahmanaduringthreeyears,
controllinghimself,wearinghishairinbraids,stayingfarawayfromthevillage,anddwellingattheroot
ofatree.
130.ABrahmanawhohasslainavirtuousVaisya,shallperformthesamepenanceduringoneyear,orhe
maygiveonehundredcowsandone(bull).
131.HewhohasslainaSudra,shallperformthatwholepenanceduringsixmonths,orhemayalsogive
tenwhitecowsandonebulltoaBrahmana.
132.Havingkilledacat,anichneumon,abluejay,afrog,adog,aniguana,anowl,oracrow,heshall
performthepenanceforthemurderofaSudra
133.Orhemaydrinkmilkduringthreedays,orwalkonehundredyoganas,orbatheinariver,ormutter
thehymnaddressedtotheWaters.
134.Forkillingasnake,aBrahmanashallgiveaspadeofblackiron,foraeunuchaloadofstrawanda
mashaoflead
135.Foraboarapotofclarifiedbutter,forapartridgeadronaofsesamumgrains,foraparrotacalftwo
yearsold,foracrane(acalf)threeyearsold.
136.IfhehaskilledaHamsa,aBalaka,aheron,apeacock,amonkey,afalcon,oraBhasa,heshallgive
acowtoaBrahmana.
137.Forkillingahorse,heshallgiveagarment,for(killing)anelephant,fiveblackbulls,for(killing)a
goat,orasheep,adraughtox,forkillingadonkey,(acalf)oneyearold
138.Butforkillingcarnivorouswildbeasts,heshallgiveamilchcow,for(killing)wildbeaststhatare
notcarnivorous,aheifer,forkillingacamel,onekrishnala.
139.Forkillingadulterouswomenofthefourcastes,hemustgive,inordertopurifyhimself,
respectivelyaleathernbag,abow,agoat,orasheep.
140.Atwicebornman,whoisunabletoatonebygiftsfortheslaughterofaserpentandtheother
(creaturesmentioned),shallperformforeachofthem,aKrikkhra(penance)inordertoremovehisguilt.
141.Butfordestroyingonethousand(small)animalsthathavebones,orawholecartloadofboneless
(animals),heshallperformthepenance(prescribed)forthemurderofaSudra.
142.Butforkilling(small)animalswhichhavebones,heshouldgivesometrifletoaBrahmanaifhe
injuresboneless(animals),hebecomespurebyasuppressinghisbreath(pranayama).
143.Forcuttingfruittrees,shrubs,creepers,lianas,orfloweringplants,onehundredRikasmustbe
muttered.
144.(Fordestroying)anykindofcreature,bredinfood,incondiments,infruit,orinflowers,the
expiationistoeatclarifiedbutter.
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145.Ifamandestroysfornogoodpurposeplantsproducedbycultivation,orsuchasspontaneously
springupintheforest,heshallattendacowduringoneday,subsistingonmilkalone.
146.Theguiltincurredintentionallyorunintentionallybyinjuring(createdbeings)canberemovedby
meansofthesepenanceshear(now,how)all(sins)committedbypartakingofforbiddenfood(ordrink,
canbeexpiated).
147.Hewhodrinksunintentionally(thespirituousliquor,called)Varuni,becomespurebybeing
initiated(again)(evenfordrinkingit)intentionally(apenance)destructivetolifemustnotbeimposed
thatisasettledrule.
148.Hewhohasdrunkwaterwhichhasstoodinavesselusedforkeeping(thespirituousliquor,called)
Sura,orotherintoxicatingdrinks,shalldrinkduringfive(daysand)nights(nothingbut)milkinwhich
theSankhapushpi(plant)hasbeenboiled.
149.Hewhohastouchedspirituousliquor,hasgivenitaway,orreceiveditinaccordancewiththerule,
orhasdrunkwaterleftbyaSudra,shalldrinkduringthreedayswaterinwhichKusagrasshasbeen
boiled.
150.ButwhenaBrahmanawhohaspartakenofSomajuice,hassmelttheodourexhaledbyadrinkerof
Sura,hebecomespurebythricesuppressinghisbreathinwater,andeatingclarifiedbutter.
151.(Menof)thethreetwiceborncasteswhohaveunintentionallyswallowedordureorurine,or
anythingthathastouchedSura,mustbeinitiatedagain.
152.Thetonsure,(wearing)thesacredgirdle,(carrying)astaff,goingtobeg,andthevows(incumbent
onastudent),areomittedonthesecondinitiationoftwicebornmen.
153.Buthewhohaseatenthefoodofmen,whosefoodmustnotbeeaten,ortheleavingsofwomenand
Sudras,orforbiddenflesh,shalldrinkbarley(gruel)duringseven(daysand)nights.
154.Atwicebornmanwhohasdrunk(fluidsthathaveturned)sour,orastringentdecoctions,becomes,
though(thesesubstancesmay)not(bespecially)forbidden,impureuntiltheyhavebeendigested.
155.Atwicebornman,whohasswallowedtheurineorordureofavillagepig,ofadonkey,ofacamel,
ofajackal,ofamonkey,orofacrow,shallperformalunarpenance.
156.Hewhohaseatendriedmeat,mushroomsgrowingontheground,or(meat,thenatureof)whichis
unknown,(or)suchashadbeenkeptinaslaughterhouse,shallperformthesamepenance.
157.Theatonementforpartakingof(themeatof)carnivorousanimals,ofpigs,ofcamels,ofcocks,of
crows,ofdonkeys,andofhumanflesh,isaTaptaKrikkhra(penance).
158.Ifatwicebornman,whohasnotreturned(homefromhisteacher'shouse),eatsfood,givenata
monthly(Sraddha,)heshallfastduringthreedaysandpassoneday(standing)inwater.
159.Butastudentwhoonanyoccasioneatshoneyormeat,shallperformanordinaryKrikkhra
(penance),andafterwardscompletehisvow(ofstudentship).
160.Hewhoeatswhatisleftbyacat,byacrow,byamouse(orrat),byadog,orbyanichneumon,or
(food)intowhichahairoraninsecthasfallen,shalldrink(adecoctionof)theBrahmasuvarkala(plant).
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161.Hewhodesirestobepure,mustnoteatforbiddenfood,andmustvomitupsuchashehaseaten
unintentionally,orquicklyatoneforitby(various)meansofpurification.
162.Thevariousrulesrespectingpenancesforeatingforbiddenfoodhavebeenthusdeclaredhearnow
thelawofthosepenanceswhichremovetheguiltoftheft.
163.Thechiefofthetwiceborn,havingvoluntarilystolen(valuable)property,grain,orcookedfood,
fromthehouseofacastefellow,ispurifiedbyperformingKrikkhra(penances)duringawholeyear.
164.Thelunarpenancehasbeendeclaredtobetheexpiationforstealingmenandwomen,and(for
wrongfullyappropriating)afield,ahouse,orthewaterofwellsandcisterns.
165.Hewhohasstolenobjectsofsmallvaluefromthehouseofanotherman,shall,afterrestoringthe
(stolenarticle),performaSamtapanaKrikkhraforhispurification.
166.(Toswallow)thefiveproductsofthecow(pankagavya)istheatonementforstealingeatablesof
variouskinds,avehicle,abed,aseat,flowers,roots,orfruit.
167.Fastingduringthree(daysand)nightsshallbe(thepenanceforstealing)grass,wood,trees,dry
food,molasses,clothes,leather,andmeat.
168.Tosubsistduringtwelvedayson(uncooked)grains(isthepenanceforstealing)gems,pearls,coral,
copper,silver,iron,brass,orstone.
169.(Forstealing)cotton,silk,wool,ananimalwithclovenhoofs,oronewithunclovenhoofs,abird,
perfumes,medicinalherbs,orarope(thepenanceistosubsist)duringthreedays(on)milk.
170.Bymeansofthesepenances,atwicebornmanmayremovetheguiltoftheftbuttheguiltof
approachingwomenwhooughtnottobeapproached(agamya),hemayexpiateby(thefollowing)
penances.
171.Hewhohashadsexualintercoursewithsistersbythesamemother,withthewivesofafriend,orof
ason,withunmarriedmaidens,andwithfemalesofthelowestcastes,shallperformthepenance,
prescribedfortheviolationofaGuru'sbed.
172.Hewhohasapproachedthedaughterofhisfather'ssister,(whoisalmostequalto)asister,(the
daughter)ofhismother'ssister,orofhismother'sfullbrother,shallperformalunarpenance.
173.Awisemanshouldnottakeashiswifeanyofthesethreetheymustnotbeweddedbecausethey
are(Sapinda)relatives,hewhomarries(oneofthem),sinkslow.
174.Amanwhohascommittedabestialcrime,oranunnaturalcrimewithafemale,orhashad
intercourseinwater,orwithamenstruatingwoman,shallperformaSamtapanaKrikkhra.
175.Atwicebornmanwhocommitsanunnaturaloffencewithamale,orhasintercoursewithafemale
inacartdrawnbyoxen,inwater,orinthedaytime,shallbathe,dressedinhisclothes.
176.ABrahmanawhounintentionallyapproachesawomanoftheKandalaorof(anyother)verylow
caste,whoeats(thefoodofsuchpersons)andaccepts(presentsfromthem)becomesanoutcastbut(if
hedoesit)intentionally,hebecomestheirequal.
177.Anexceedinglycorruptwifeletherhusbandconfinetooneapartment,andcompelhertoperform
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thepenancewhichisprescribedformalesincasesofadultery.
178.If,beingsolicitedbyaman(of)equal(caste),she(afterwards)isagainunfaithful,thenaKrikkhra
andalunarpenanceareprescribedasthemeansofpurifyingher.
179.ThesinwhichatwicebornmancommitsbydallyingonenightwithaVrishali,heremovesinthree
years,bysubsistingonalmsanddailymuttering(sacredtexts).
180.Theatonement(tobeperformed)bysinners(of)four(kinds)even,hasbeenthusdeclaredhearnow
thepenancesforthosewhohaveintercoursewithoutcasts.
181.Hewhoassociateswithanoutcast,himselfbecomesanoutcastafterayear,notbysacrificingfor
him,teachinghim,orformingamatrimonialalliancewithhim,butbyusingthesamecarriageorseat,or
byeatingwithhim.
182.Hewhoassociateswithanyoneofthoseoutcasts,mustperform,inordertoatonefor(such)
intercourse,thepenanceprescribedforthat(sinner).
183.TheSapindasandSamanodakasofanoutcastmustoffer(alibationof)water(tohim,asifhewere
dead),outside(thevillage),onaninauspiciousday,intheeveningandinthepresenceoftherelatives,
officiatingpriests,andteachers.
184.Afemaleslaveshallupsetwithherfootapotfilledwithwater,asifitwereforadeadperson(his
Sapindas)aswellastheSamanodakasshallbeimpureforadayandanight
185.Butthenceforwarditshallbeforbiddentoconversewithhim,tositwithhim,togivehimashareof
theinheritance,andtoholdwithhimsuchintercourseasisusualamongmen
186.And(ifhebetheeldest)hisrightofprimogenitureshallbewithheldandtheadditionalshare,dueto
theeldestsonandhissteadayoungerbrother,excellinginvirtue,shallobtaintheshareoftheeldest.
187.Butwhenhehasperformedhispenance,theyshallbathewithhiminaholypoolandthrowdowna
newpot,filledwithwater.
188.Butheshallthrowthatpotintowater,enterhishouseandperform,asbefore,alltheduties
incumbentonarelative.
189.Lethimfollowthesameruleinthecaseoffemaleoutcastsbutclothes,food,anddrinkshallbe
giventothem,andtheyshallliveclosetothe(family)house.
190.Lethimnottransactanybusinesswithunpurifiedsinnersbutlethiminnowayreproachthosewho
havemadeatonement.
191.Lethimnotdwelltogetherwiththemurderersofchildren,withthosewhohavereturnedevilfor
good,andwiththeslayersofsuppliantsforprotectionorofwomen,thoughtheymayhavebeenpurified
accordingtothesacredlaw.
192.ThosetwicebornmenwhomaynothavebeentaughttheSavitri(atthetime)prescribedbytherule,
heshallcausetoperformthreeKrikkhra(penances)andafterwardsinitiatetheminaccordancewiththe
law.
193.Lethimprescribethesame(expiation)whentwicebornmen,whofollowforbiddenoccupationsor
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haveneglected(tolearn)theVeda,desiretoperformapenance.
194.IfBrahmanasacquirepropertybyareprehensibleaction,theybecomepurebyrelinquishingit,
mutteringprayers,and(performing)austerities.
195.BymutteringwithaconcentratedmindtheSavitrithreethousandtimes,(dwelling)foramonthina
cowhouse,(and)subsistingonmilk,(aman)isfreedfrom(theguiltof)acceptingpresentsfroma
wickedman.
196.Butwhenhereturnsfromthecowhouse,emaciatedwithhisfast,andreverentlysalutes,(the
Brahmanas)shallaskhim,'Friend,dostthoudesiretobecomeourequal?'
197.IfheanswerstotheBrahmanas,'Forsooth,(Iwillnotoffendagain),'heshallscatter(some)grassfor
thecowsifthecowshallowthatplace(byeatingthegrass)the(Brahmana)shallreadmithim(intotheir
community).
198.HewhohassacrificedforVratyas,orhasperformedtheobsequiesofstrangers,oramagicsacrifice
(intendedtodestroylife)oranAhinasacrifice,removes(hisguilt)bythreeKrikkhra(penances).
199.Atwicebornmanwhohascastoffasuppliantforprotection,orhas(improperly)divulgedthe
Veda,atonesforhisoffence,ifhesubsistsduringayearonbarley.
200.Hewhohasbeenbittenbyadog,ajackal,oradonkey,byatamecarnivorousanimal,byaman,a
horse,acamel,ora(village)pig,becomespurebysuppressinghisbreath(Pranayama).
201.Toeatduringamonthateachsixthmealtime(only),torecitetheSamhita(ofaVeda),and(to
perform)dailytheSakalaoblations,arethemeansofpurifyingthoseexcludedfromsocietyatrepasts
(Apanktya).
202.ABrahmanawhovoluntarilyrodeinacarriagedrawnbycamelsorbyasses,andhewhobathed
naked,becomepurebysuppressinghisbreath(Pranayama).
203.Hewhohasrelievedthenecessitiesofnature,beinggreatlypressed,eitherwithout(using)wateror
inwater,becomespurebybathingoutside(thevillage)inhisclothesandbytouchingacow.
204.FastingisthepenanceforomittingthedailyritesprescribedbytheVedaandforneglectingthe
specialdutiesofaSnataka.
205.Hewhohassaid'Hum'toaBrahmana,orhasaddressedoneofhisbetterswith'Thou,'shallbathe,
fastduringtheremainingpartoftheday,andappease(thepersonoffended)byareverentialsalutation.
206.Hewhohasstruck(aBrahmana)evenwithabladeofgrass,tiedhimbytheneckwithacloth,or
conqueredhiminanaltercation,shallappeasehimbyaprostration.
207.Buthewho,intendingtohurtaBrahmana,hasthreatened(himwithastickandthelike)shall
remaininhellduringahundredyearshewho(actually)struckhim,duringonethousandyears.
208.AsmanyparticlesofdustasthebloodofaBrahmanacausestocoagulate,forsomanythousand
yearsshalltheshedderofthat(blood)remaininhell.
209.ForthreateningaBrahmana,(theoffender)shallperformaKrikkhra,forstrikinghiman
Atikrikkhra,forsheddinghisbloodaKrikkhraandanAtikrikkhra.
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210.Fortheexpiationofoffencesforwhichnoatonementhasbeenprescribed,lethimfixapenance
afterconsidering(theoffender's)strengthandthe(natureofthe)offence.
211.Iwill(now)describetoyouthosemeans,adoptedbythegods,thesages,andthemanes,through
whichamanmayremovehissins.
212.Atwicebornmanwhoperforms(theKrikkhrapenance),revealedbyPragapati,shalleatduring
threedaysinthemorning(only),during(thenext)threedaysintheevening(only),duringthe
(following)threedays(foodgiven)unasked,andshallfastduringanotherperiodofthreedays.
213.(Subsistingon)theurineofcows,cowdung,milk,sourmilk,clarifiedbutter,andadecoctionof
Kusagrass,andfastingduringone(dayand)night,(thatis)calledaSamtapanaKrikkhra.
214.AtwicebornmanwhoperformsanAtikrikkhra(penance),musttakehisfoodduringthreeperiods
ofthreedaysinthemannerdescribedabove,(but)onemouthfulonlyateachmeal,andfastduringthe
lastthreedays.
215.ABrahmanawhoperformsaTaptakrikkhra(penance)mustdrinkhotwater,hotmilk,hotclarified
butterand(inhale)hotair,eachduringthreedays,andbatheoncewithaconcentratedmind.
216.Afastfortwelvedaysbyamanwhocontrolshimselfandcommitsnomistakes,iscalledaParaka
Krikkhra,whichremovesallguilt.
217.Ifonediminishes(one'sfooddailyby)onemouthfulduringthedark(halfofthemonth)and
increases(itinthesamemanner)duringthebrighthalf,andbathes(daily)atthetimeofthreelibations
(morning,noon,andevening),thatiscalledalunarpenance(Kandrayana).
218.Lethimfollowthroughoutthesameruleatthe(Kandrayana,called)yavamadhyama(shapedlikea
barleycorn),(but)lethim(inthatcase)beginthelunarpenance,(witha)controlled(mind),onthefirst
dayofthebrighthalf(ofthemonth).
219.Hewhoperformsthelunarpenanceofascetics,shalleat(duringamonth)dailyatmiddayeight
mouthfuls,controllinghimselfandconsumingsacrificialfood(only).
220.IfaBrahmana,withconcentratedmind,eats(duringamonthdaily)fourmouthfulsinamorningand
fouraftersunset,(thatis)calledthelunarpenanceofchildren.
221.Hewho,concentratinghismind,eatsduringamonthinanywaythriceeightymouthfulsof
sacrificialfood,dwells(afterdeath)intheworldofthemoon.
222.TheRudras,likewisetheAdityas,theVasusandtheMaruts,togetherwiththegreatsages,practised
this(rite)inordertoremoveallevil.
223.Burntoblations,accompaniedby(therecitationof)theMahavyahritis,mustdailybemade(bythe
penitent)himself,andhemustabstainfrominjuring(sentientcreatures),speakthetruth,andkeep
himselffreefromangerandfromdishonesty.
224.Lethimbathethreetimeseachdayandthriceeachnight,dressedinhisclotheslethimonno
accounttalktowomen,Sudras,andoutcasts.
225.Lethimpassthetimestanding(duringtheday)andsitting(duringthenight),orifheisunable(to
dothat)lethimlieonthe(bare)groundlethimbechasteandobservethevows(ofastudent)and
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worshiphisGurus,thegods,andBrahmanas.
226.LethimconstantlymuttertheSavitriand(other)purificatorytextsaccordingtohisability(lethim)
carefully(actthus)on(theoccasionof)all(other)vows(performed)bywayofpenance.
227.Bytheseexpiationstwicebornmenmustbepurifiedwhosesinsareknown,butlethimpurifythose
whosesinsarenotknownby(therecitationof)sacredtextsandby(theperformanceof)burntoblations.
228.Byconfession,byrepentance,byausterity,andbyreciting(theVeda)asinnerisfreedfromguilt,
andincasenoothercourseispossible,byliberality.
229.Inproportionasamanwhohasdonewrong,himselfconfessesit,evensofarheisfreedfromguilt,
asasnakefromitsslough.
230.Inproportionashisheartloatheshisevildeed,evensofarishisbodyfreedfromthatguilt.
231.Hewhohascommittedasinandhasrepented,isfreedfromthatsin,butheispurifiedonlyby(the
resolutionof)ceasing(tosinandthinking)'Iwilldosonomore.'
232.Havingthusconsideredinhismindwhatresultswillarisefromhisdeedsafterdeath,lethimalways
begoodinthoughts,speech,andactions.
233.Hewho,havingeitherunintentionallyorintentionallycommittedareprehensibledeed,desirestobe
freedfrom(theguiltonit,mustnotcommititasecondtime.
234.Ifhismindbeuneasywithrespecttoanyact,lethimrepeattheausterities(prescribedasapenance)
forituntiltheyfullysatisfy(hisconscience).
235.AlltheblissofgodsandmenisdeclaredbythesagestowhomtheVedawasrevealed,tohave
austerityforitsroot,austerityforitsmiddle,andausterityforitsend.
236.(Thepursuitofsacred)knowledgeistheausterityofaBrahmana,protecting(thepeople)isthe
austerityofaKshatriya,(thepursuitof)hisdailybusinessistheausterityofaVaisya,andservicethe
austerityofaSudra.
237.Thesageswhocontrolthemselvesandsubsistonfruit,roots,andair,surveythethreeworlds
togetherwiththeirmovingandimmovable(creatures)throughtheirausteritiesalone.
238.Medicines,goodhealth,learning,andthevariousdivinestationsareattainedbyausteritiesalone
forausterityisthemeansofgainingthem.
239.Whateverishardtobetraversed,whateverishardtobeattained,whateverishardtobereached,
whateverishardtobeperformed,all(this)maybeaccomplishedbyausteritiesforausterity(possessesa
power)whichitisdifficulttosurpass.
240.Boththosewhohavecommittedmortalsin(Mahapataka)andallotheroffendersareseverallyfreed
fromtheirguiltbymeansofwellperformedausterities.
241.Insects,snakes,moths,bees,birdsandbeings,bereftofmotion,reachheavenbythepowerof
austerities.
242.Whateversinmencommitbythoughts,words,ordeeds,thattheyspeedilyburnawaybypenance,if
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theykeeppenanceastheironlyriches.
243.ThegodsaccepttheofferingsofthatBrahmanaalonewhohaspurifiedhimselfbyausterities,and
granttohimallhedesires.
244.Thelord,Pragapati,createdtheseInstitutes(ofthesacredlaw)byhisausteritiesalonethesages
likewiseobtained(therevelationof)theVedasthroughtheirausterities.
245.Thegods,discerningthattheholyoriginofthiswhole(world)isfromausterity,havethus
proclaimedtheincomparablepowerofausterity.
246.ThedailystudyoftheVeda,theperformanceofthegreatsacrificesaccordingtoone'sability,(and)
patience(insuffering)quicklydestroyallguilt,eventhatcausedbymortalsins.
247.Asafireinonemomentconsumeswithitsbrightflamethefuelthathasbeenplacedonit,evenso
hewhoknowstheVedadestroysallguiltbythefireofknowledge.
248.Thepenancesforsins(madepublic)havebeenthusdeclaredaccordingtothelawlearnnextthe
penancesforsecret(sins).
249.Sixteensuppressionsofthebreath(Pranayama)accompaniedby(therecitationof)theVyahritisand
ofthesyllableOm,purify,iftheyarerepeateddaily,afteramontheventhemurdererofalearned
Brahmana.
250.Evenadrinkerof(thespirituousliquorcalled)Surabecomespure,ifhemuttersthehymn(seen)by
Kutsa,'Removingbythysplendourourguilt,OAgni,'&c.,(thatseen)byVasishtha,'Withtheirhymns
theVasishthaswoketheDawn,'&c.,theMahitra(hymn)and(theversescalled)Suddhavatis.
251.Evenhewhohasstolengold,instantlybecomesfreefromguilt,ifheoncemutters(thehymn
beginningwiththewords)'Themiddlemostbrotherofthisbeautiful,ancientHotripriest'andthe
Sivasamkalpa.
252.TheviolatorofaGuru'sbedisfreed(fromsin),ifherepeatedlyrecitestheHavishpantiya(hymn),
(thatbeginning)'Neitheranxietynormisfortune,'(andthatbeginning)'Thus,verily,thus,'andmuttersthe
hymnaddressedtoPurusha.
253.Hewhodesirestoexpiatesinsgreatorsmall,mustmutterduringayeartheRitverse'Maywe
removethyanger,OVaruna,'&c.,or'Whateveroffencehere,OVaruna,'&c.
254.Thatmanwho,havingacceptedpresentswhichoughtnottobeaccepted,orhavingeatenforbidden
food,mutterstheTaratsamandiya(Rikas),becomespureafterthreedays.
255.Buthewhohascommittedmanysins,becomespure,ifherecitesduringamonththe(fourverses)
addressedtoSomaandRudra,andthethreeverses(beginning)'Aryaman,Varuna,andMitra,'whilehe
bathesinariver.
256.Agrievousoffendershallmutterthesevenverses(beginningwith)'Indra,'forhalfayearbuthe
whohascommittedanyblamableactinwater,shallsubsistduringamonthonfoodobtainedbybegging.
257.Atwicebornmanremovesevenverygreatguiltbyofferingclarifiedbutterwiththesacredtexts
belongingtotheSakalahomas,orbymutteringtheRik,(beginning)'Adoration.'
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258.Hewhoisstainedbymortalsin,becomespure,if,withaconcentratedmind,heattendscowsfora
year,recitingthePavamani(hymns)andsubsistingonalms.
259.Orif,pure(inmindandinbody),hethricerepeatstheSamhitaoftheVedainaforest,sanctifiedby
threeParaka(penances),heisfreedfromallcrimescausinglossofcaste(pataka).
260.Butif(aman)fastsduringthreedays,bathingthriceaday,andmuttering(inthewaterthehymn
seenby)Aghamarshana,heis(likewise)freedfromallsinscausinglossofcaste.
261.Asthehorsesacrifice,thekingofsacrifices,removesallsin,evensotheAghamarshanahymn
effacesallguilt.
262.ABrahmanawhoretainsinhismemorytheRigvedaisnotstainedbyguilt,thoughhemayhave
destroyedthesethreeworlds,thoughhemayeatthefoodofanybody.
263.Hewho,withaconcentratedmind,thricerecitestheRiksamhita,or(thatofthe)Yagurvedaor
(thatofthe)Samavedatogetherwiththesecret(texts,theUpanishads),iscompletelyfreedfromallsins.
264.Asaclodofearth,fallingintoagreatlake,isquicklydissolved,evensoeverysinfulactisengulfed
inthethreefoldVeda.
265.TheRikas,theYagus(formulas)whichdiffer(fromtheformer),themanifoldSaman(songs),
mustbeknown(toform)thetripleVedahewhoknowsthem,(iscalled)learnedintheVeda.
266.TheinitialtriliteralBrahmanonwhichthethreefold(sacredscience)isbased,isanothertripleVeda
whichmustbekeptsecrethewhoknowsthat,(iscalled)learnedintheVeda.

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