,

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kuhS

A p r i l 3 0 , 1971.
*

.., l'iq!?t ! ! o n o u z ~ b l e T i c r r c E l l i o t t Trurfoau,

.- . -.-. :-;Fr,ister of Canacla,
;,I...,
04.,.
. --. . ,, O n t z r i o .
,

I,lv.

?.

?ry L z 2 . r Prime Miaister:

, ' .

T ~ I Ep u r F o s e of t h i s l e t t e r is t o ?ro<idc you w i t h a b r i e f
r e v i c c : of Zr.?ian a f f a i r s , t o ide:~.:ify c e r t a i r . new t r e n d s t h a t
a r c c r ? r : i n ~ , an2 t o s u g g e s t a ncw l i n e of approech t o w a r c ,
thz 2 - ;zxssion o f Indian g r i e v a n c e s .

advance2 in Junc 1969, w h i l e w i d e l y

c r i ~ : c ~ z c by
? I n s i a n o p i n i o n r.aver.theless blare n o t w i t h o u t
bcnc f1 r i a l ef feet. They g e n e r a t e d a tremendous amount o f
pub1 :zlty 221 c x p s e 2 f o r o9cn 2 i s c u s s i o n a number of
f t t n c - . - = n t e l issues t h c t haC n o t h i t h e r t o been t h o r o u g h l y
considered. ay s t i m u l a t i n g p o l i t i c c . 1 r e a c t i o n s they h s l p e d
t o d;.-:clo; 31-crter i n v o l v e m e n t by the I n d i a n p e o p l e i n t h e i r
0.c-1a f f a i r s , s t r z n g t h e n e d t ! ~ e i r d e t c m . i n = t i o n t o a c h i e v e
: c o l i t i c a l pc\.:er er.2 sharpened t h e d i a l o g u e n o t o n l y within
A
Izr'iar! car-z.cni.ty b u t h c r w c e n 'Indian l e e d e r s and t h e
P c d c r a i S o v e r n ~ e n t . S o ~ ecf t h a t p o l i t i c a i power and
d i c l o q c - shoved ~ r a, t t h e 1 9 5 0 3oetj.r.g i n t h e Railway Committee
Roon l a s t Junc 4 t h .
T h i s was a t u r n i ~ gp o i n t .
The assurancs
you s a v c t h z t t n c Gcvrri.n~ent: \:as n o t going t o force a s o l u t i o r .
on t h e n and t h e y c e u l 2 take t h e i r t . i m e , r e l i e v e ? much of the
t c n s i o n . E c t tile r o o t s o f In3ic:l a t t i t u S c ? s r e a c h hack many
y c n r s en2 t h e ir,l?rir.ts of t h e ?as'; remain c l e e r and frcsh for
many an2 c c . ~ x o t 5c disccznLc:?.
.
~ j ! c ...; r o ? o s a l s ~2
.
.

--

T h e S i a l o g u e , r ~ ~ - . ~ r t h e l cisss p, r o c e e d i n g a t t h e fe8era1,

r o v i r ? c l c l 2nd k e n 2 l c v c l s and g e ~ z r a i l y speaking, the r a p p o r t

i s much i v r o v e c l I n compsriscn x i 4 h 2 year ago. Consultation
has Seen nuch fuller ~5 t h e I n d i a c s r ~ c o g n i z et h a t the
C O V C Z ~ T ~ i. sZ ~z n
~ x l o u s t o c?zvslo? mzchcnj.srns w l ~ i c l lw i l l permit
In2ic.n views to 32 ~ X ~ ~ C S S C ~ .

--~ F c c 2 l e s st o

=em

-.

s a y there n a y be d ~ l a y si n concluding t h e k i n d

% , o n s ~ l t a t i v c al=chznisia t.?hich C a b i n e t a ~ l . t t i o r i z c dm e to
d h c z s s w i t h t h e S a t i o n c l Inciiarr Brotherhoocl.
Basicelly ,
I n q i z n 2tti:udes
E r e no!: cnanj.:cour, n o r are t h e s i t u a t i o n s i n
,-,'qScfi thcy f i n d t h e n s c l v c s i C c n t l c a l t h r o u . j l ~ c u t the c o u n t r j r
It s c y n o t be t o o sur?risirly, t - h e r e f o r e , t h a t son^ of t h e
fur.c?c,.;.,ental d i f f c r c n c c s r r ~ i m g1ndii:ns which 1-rcre t c m p o r a r i l y
i~ c c l i y s c are now once rnxc coiaing t o t h c fore). Thc picture
w i l l he c l e a r e r If t h e Zcvcloping situation i s rcviewcd so
that
forces at \tor% n a y br: p r o ? = r l y assessed.

n e t i o 2 e l l e v e l thcrc: \rzs a brcak i n c o n t i n u i t y lnst

f n l i t . - i k h t!:-r:clcc'; j.orl of Gzorge :l;:nucl a!; th.2 ncw P i - c s i d c n t
oL t : ? ::atior.;.'
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f ndizn EroLhr-.r!~ooJ. M r . bianusl, f xom C r i t j . s h
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thu
a s s o c i a t i o n s have a c i ? i c v c d f u l l
L;, the I n d i a n p c o p l e i n thcir own r e g i o n or are
J vi th t h e N a t i o n a l n r o t h f r h o o d , t h c y gcnera1l.y
jz
a
,?rowing d c s i r e t o d e v e l o p a working r e l a t i o n s h i p
r:,o.,.
T h i s ):ZS been f o s t e r e d by t h e l?zpart;aent,
i,,..-crnlr~n.-.
I,aVC at t h e sane t i m e t a k e n a d v a n t a g e of any o p p o s t u n have a r i s e n t o e n c o u r a g e p r o v i n c i a l g o v e r n n ~ c n t s
it
t;o L:.
more d i r e c t l y invol-vi'd. T h e a s s o c i a ' s i o n s have
ace n i7rl,cq!;t m D r e c l o s e l y i n t o t h e p r o c e s s o f p l a c n i n g 2nd
<.- .- :n(i oh j c c t i v e s i o r A c p a r t n l c n t a l programs.;
a n 6 a joint
eor.7;lttcc s t r u c t u r e i n v o l v i n g t h e p r o v i n c e , t h e I n d i a n
:;,,=i ;';ion
r-nd t h e F e d e r a l Governmen$ i s irr active o p e r a t i o n
i n ; , l b c r t r , M a n i t o b a a n d Quebec, and i n . t h e . f c r m a t i v e stage
I n d i m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s are s i t t i n , as full
i:; ::ova s c o t i a .
r . 2 ~ J j c ros f p u b l i c Service Commissior. s e l e c t i o n b o a r d s f o r
C i 2 l d a p ? o i n t m e n t s i n my D e p a r t m e n t , and w h i l e t h i s process
js n o t w i t h o u t i t s p r o b l e m s , the g e n e r a l e f f e c t has been

mCtke

or

LiOI1

>,

g e n e r a l l y c o o p e r a t i v e a t t i t u d e now p r e v a i l i n g , while
-- t>xovicling a c l i m a t e c o n d u c i v e t o j o i n t e f f o r t s t o s o l v e
h r o s l c m s f a c i n g I n d i a n c o m u n i t i e s , d o e s n o t mssn t h e r e i s
3 i ) : r l y t o be a n y marked a n d i m . c d i a t e s t e p t a k c n by the
p r o . J l r c c s t o assume r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r p r o g r a m a2d
s c r v l r e s , o r of: w i l l i n g n e s s on t h e p a r t o f t h e Indians and
I=S~L-.:JS
t o r e l i n q u i s h fedsral t i e s .

S o x z d v a n c e s are b c i n ~made. I n s e v e r a l i n s t a n c e s r e c e n t l y ,
p r o v i n c e s have a n n o u n c e d e s p e c i a l l y t h a t t h e y h a v e i n c l u d e d
I n d i a n r e s e r v e s i n p r o v i n c i a l s e a s o a a l works p r o g r a m s .
p r o v i n c i a l m i n i s t e r s a n d o f f i c i a l s have had much more f i r s t hand c o n t a c t v i r h I n d i a n s t h a n e v e r b c f o r e and t r c now nmre
ir\.iarc o f t h e coin7lex pro'slcms of I n d i a n a f f a i r s .
E?everthelcss,
tito v r o v i n c i a l goveznnents b y and l a r g e s t i l l n a i n t a i n t h e '
position o f 1oo::ing u?on I n d i a n s a s p r i m a r i l y z f'edcrnl
r c ? z p o n s i b i l i t y iln? w i l i wait f o r a p p r o a c h e s f r o m t h e
goi.-crxtcnt
I n d i c r . stl?>ort b e f o r ? c x t e n d i n y b a s i c services,
c~c1t h e n v i r t c a > l y only oil a 1 C O Z z o s t bzsis, an*. t h e y
c x ? h a s i z c more t h a n e v e r t h a t a n y e x t e n s i o n oT t h e p r o v i n c i a l
rolc i s c o n d i t i c m a l upan t h e willingness ezd e x p r e s s e d dcsire
of t h e Indians.

In essencc, then

no;? ~ n ? ~ a r k e d
the l o n g - t e r m
rspcci f i c
t h c x o i s l i t t l c d o a b t t h a t t1 h e p ~ o p l e
arc s e e k i n g a w i d e n i n g r a n g e of o p p o r t u n i t i e s and of avenGes
by which t h e s e may be b r o u g h t a b o u t t h r o u g h a p p r o a c h e s t o
.
many L c d c r a l departments znb a l s o p r o v i n c i a l and o u t s i d e s o u r c e s .
The commitments t h e y seek from g o v e r n m e n t - a r e based on thc
" c h a r h a r i g h t s " 02 I n d i r n s , r i g h t s w h i c h I n d i a n s f c c l "dcrivo
f ron h i s t o r y and l o n g respect".
Phc d e f i n i t i o n i c v a g u e b u t
tllsy h o l d i t t o i n c l u d e n o t o n l y obvious trarlit.iona1. p r i v i l r p c s such a!; h r l n t i - q r i q h t s , b u t a l s o marc recent: enancint i o n s . s u c h as t a x cr~;;~ptians.T t h a s even bean ecpnnciccl t o
i n c l u c k aJ.1 r;crviccr; nor: rcccj.vcc1 f r o a t h e fodoral cjovcrn;aont.
On t h c I n d i a n s i d e ,

~ L i l t c d ,as i t was l a s t J u n e , t h a t ill'

to the nnrl;iaJ. rights anit du'iics o f c i t i z e n s h i p ,
i ; , i j ; , , , : ; i i l s o !?osscSS c e r t a i n r i g h t s sim2ly by v i r t u f o f being
, .
cil tj1j.s p o i n t , t h e r e i s a g r o w i n g c o n s e n s u s alnong
:::: i ... ;: . . .?c:l::or; s thc c o u n t r y
1~ i:;

...

L;t;.i.l].
ijc.inq

.
i,:;.:;i,,:~,n

;:I] . c:~ltn?'rli d e n t i t y has

L~~J!),:. : n v ! pj.
grow3 apace. T I I ~proposals
.
,... :j, ::,:, ;~rv:srd
i r o n w i t h i n t h e I n d i a n conununity for
(.:.,..7 .,. .. .-. . : i ? ~ ~ c ~ L i o i >
c ea nXt r e s r e f l e c t t h e i m p o r t a n c e w h i c h
.... i:,-lc;;31c a t t a c h t o f i n d i n g , w a y s t o i m p r o v e t h e i r self-

...

ir.;,7r:.-:
i y r . ~ s c n s c o f p e r s o n a l w o r t h b y f o c u s i n g on t h e i r
ci:! t L.,-.ll.
hcrL t a g e

the t r e n d m o n g many l e a d i n g I n d i a n s across the

ta s e e k more r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , t o assume a g r e a t e r
voj c,: J !I pclicy anC d e c i s i o n - m a k i n g , a n d t o i n s i s t ,on s e c u r i n g
si.r-cn!rtnc.ni.rr9 ,+ s p e c i a l p o s i t i o n f o r I n d i a n s i n C a n a d i a n
~ h c yseel: t h s t r a n s i t i o n f r o m Z i r e c t f e d e r a l g o v e r n .
~.:r~::t. ;.~anagzri?nt of v a r i o u s p r o g r a m s t o management u n d e r I n d i a n
co;rtrol and under funding a r r a n g e a e n t s w i t h t h e government.
#ie!;isi s g o i n q f o r w a r d a t a n a c c e l e r a t i n g r a t e :!,I:c::.:~al,
cr7!l:-,t~l.is

.scrvS.cos oendf t rproyralns

ansferring responsibility
i s eccompcnied by

far a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . ..
0:
d i f f i c u l t i e s which
\:.ill n o t be c a s i l y o r i n e x p e n s i v e l y s u r m o u n t e d .
I n 1971-72,
i
o
r , i n c 1 . u d i n g h e a l t h , w i l l consume o v e r $ 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 . 05 f c d c r a l maney. T h i s f i g u r e i n c l u d e s a l a r g e percentage o f
v i r t u z l l y u n c o n t r o l l a b l e c o s t s , an5 t h e t o t a l may w z l 1 be
c?o;~?>ledor t r j - p l e d hefurs nany y c a r s h a v e p a s s c d , w h e t h e r the
c x : > c n d i . t u r e s arc: macle l a r g e l y by d i r e c t f e d e r a l payments or
-\.
I ;

t ~~ ~ O C C S S

a r c d i s b u r s e d t h r o u ~ hp r o v i n c i a l g o v e r n m e n t s .

>.:, ~ : ; ( l i a n si n c r e a s i n g l y t a k e o v e r t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of their
c::n c~;.tr.~cnFtiest h e r e k r i l l be s u b s t a n t i a l a d d i t i o ~ si n adminis-

t r z t i v c cosJ:s.
I n e v j - t c b l y the f c r t h e r e n t r y o f I n d i a n s into
poliLical o r a d r i , i n i c i ; r n t i v e r c s ~ o n s i b i l i t yw i b l lead t o
inlcnsi.fication of pressures f o r b e t t e r scrviccs, p a r t i c u l a r l y
i n those a r e c s , a l l t o o many o f t ' n e r n , where b a s i c C a c i l i t i e s
c ~ c ha s h o u s i n g , sewage, r o a d s , uater and e l e c t r i c i t y are
inadeguatc.
,

Thus thc n a t i o ~ a la w a k s n i n g which w e h a v e proirbptsd among t h e

l n c l i a n s i s c e r t a i n l y g o i n y t o be f i n a n c i a l l y c o s t l y .
It i s
a l s o g o i n g t o p l a c e s p e c i a l dcman6s on government o f f i c i a l s
who CTC p n r t i c i p c t i n g i n t h e p r o e c s s o f t r a n s f e r r i n g n d n l i n i s trrativc functions.
I t i s a l r e a d y c l e a r t h a t i n the next few
yccrs mitny ~ u b l i c :s e r v a r . t s k r i l l becor~ie r c d u n h n t t o t h e needs
o: t h i s L>-zgnrtrt~crlt )lotrcver, t h e aggregate of 11ldian band
-em?loyeas ancl c l s ~ n r t n ~ n t ae m
l p l o y e e s may i n c r e a 6 e f o r a time:
it. i s n o t f e r z i l l e t o phase o u t t h e q o v e r n m s n t w o r k e r s u n t i l
t h c I n d i a n s h a v e b e c n t r a i n & and h a v e gained e x p e r i e n c e . .
T : t c t r a n s i t i o n , i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h y o v e r n a z n t policy, must
be at the Indians' own p a c e .
Tnc process of d i s e n g a g c x c n t
will r c q ~ i r eTr.33t c a r c z u l p l a n n j . n q t o e n s u r e thati services
t o l n d i a n con;:l:unities clo n o t s u f f e r from a t o o hasty t r a n s f e r ,
and e q u a l l y that 'ihc p t i b 3 . i ~s e r v a n t s w l r o s e j o b s arc 3.a1)si.n~~
r e c e i v e the triij.ni ncj i..rir? o t h c r a s e i stance n e c e s s a r y to ree s t a b l i s h t l r e m s e l v g s e l s e w h e r e . Tnc Treasury E ~ i i r c 'and t h e
.
I ' c b l i c S c r v i c i . C o m i r : s i o n arc w o r k i n g c l o s c l y with my Dzpartt.;c:nt: on t h i s problem.

***

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unc?c-stcrf. D.r .. T3zLrS2r

s l l g c z s C = f , t h a t ir :ras open to him,
- .
:L pclrsut.aq ;.ls s C " ; l C 5 . t C ile3z c i a i m s an6 gricvirnccs \ ~ h i c l l
b2l;ozi- ts;ros= Z ; ~ Z F ~ I C Z I J ; ? 1:.2;=ci~r?sd
in nis tcrms of
----,,:
,,. cr.ce. T~nothcrV J ~ : J of expressing the sari? thou;ht would
52 - - a y that he ;r,igi:t
do reseazzi: in the sari:e range of
sun--r:;
as i s bcirig covered h y the N a t i o n e l Indian Comittce
::.:
: ,, . ~ t s an?
Trcaties.
'

A statemant to tt.is ef f2st, to be nade by you, or if you would

p r c f c r , by aysclf, would be well received i n the indiar.
c a ; ; ~ ~ i ; ; l i t y ,and n i q h t r e l i e v e soin0 o f- - -t h. e F r u s t r ~ t l ~ now
li
5 ~ l i l e l r . yup. I dc r , D t t5ir.k L t ;-:ozLa .la\-c 2 Gdist~rbing
c f f e c : , in kk.2 se:lse zf r=.~*lv-iz53 d o r z a i ~ tissue. I t would
be
a x i s t a k e LO assyxr.e t h a t t h r~ i g h t s i s s u e w i l l fade away
.r i l z z t t o itself.

SucFI a s t a t e n e n t \:oulE bt c a l c u l a t e d t o enable Dr. Barber t o

n s s c z t , for the foreseeable future, a predominantly research

role parallel to c h a t of ';he N a t i o n a l Zndian. Committee. There

is muct, to 52 said for the Comnissioner and t h e N a t i o n a l Indian
.,orL:;ctee
c o n p l e ~ e n t i n gccch o t l ~ e r ' sresearch. The i n t e r e s t s
of 1r.dia;ls t ~ o u l dn o t be prejudiced i f a l i n k were established
between the t w o b o d i e s and their work. IJe s h o u l d have a
much better idea of = h a t - t h e I n d i a n s are preparing to subait.
And a new star-.: could 52 nade on a great deal of inportant
reseazch whicn r e m a i n s to be ?.oze on b e h a l f of t h e government F n this vnol. f i ~ i d .
C

.*

If t>.is ~ ? ? z c ~ c hseeye3 feasible to yau, w e could have private

talks in advance with Indian leaders, i n v o l v i n g D r . BarSsr,
i n order to ts:;t their reaction. I n r e t u r n they might ask
t h a t the r e s u 1 t . s of Cr. Zarber's s t u d i e s s h o u l d be p r o c c s s c d
i n a w a y t h a t would e n a b l e Indians t o comment..
If this w c r e
t h e i r r e a c t i o n , w e r L : 3 u l d , I think, be y c r c r c d t.0 c o ~ s i d a r
scnz sui table i rrengemect eicner throuqh the X a t i o n n i InCizn
Corni~tseon R i g k c s ezC T r c z t i c s 3 r tnc p ~ ~ ? o : i cnzc r i o n a l
..
c c r . s u k t ~ t i = n~ e c k z n l r'.:'.=n
~
L Z co;r.=s Izto being. . If, of c o u r s e ,
o u r ssa>dir,qs s.-.r,.-.L t?.et t S i s approach was n o t acceptable t o
t h e X ~ d i c n s ,ue shauld have t o r e v i e w t h e situation again.
.

1 should be ver:? g r a t e f u l for yaur r c a c t i o n s to t h e s e ideas

and f would, of course, be 5 l a d to d i s c u s s them w i t h you.
Yours sincerely,

Jean Chrbtien.