Block 1

A.

Present Perfect Simple

1.- descriptions

The Present Perfect Tense is formed using the following structure:

Affirmative: Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle
Negative: Subject + Haven't / Hasn't + Past Participle
Question: Have / Has + Subject + Past Participle

2.- functions

Useful Tip
Time Expressions in the Present Perfect

Use since with a specific year or a period in the past > since
2002 / since I was a child
Use for with a number of years > for twenty years

Use ever and yet in questions and negatives

> Have you ever / hasnt been yet

Use already and never, just between have/has and the verb > has already
finished / have just been

Use before, since, for, already, many times, so far, yet at the end of a sentence
or questions > Have you been there before?

3.- special features

Has (he, she, it).

Have (I, you, we, they).

4.- example
Examples:

You have seen that movie many times.

Have you seen that movie many times?

You have not seen that movie many times.

5.- exercises

AFF: I have studied English all day

NEG: I Havent studied English all day
?: have I studied all day?

Yes I have

no I havent

AFF: she has gone to the supermarket.

NEG: she hasnt gone to the supermarket
?: Has she gone to the supermarket?

Yes she has

No she hasnt

AFF: they have eaten pizza.

NEG: They havent eaten pizza.
?:

have they eaten pizza ?

Yes, they have

no they havent

B.- Present Perfect continuous

1.- Description

To form the present perfect progressive (continuous), has or have + been + verbing
(present participle).

Subject have/has + been + verbing

rest of sentence

I / You / We / They

here for two hours

He / She / It

have been sitting

has been working

at this company since April

2.- Function

Useful Tip
Time Expressions in the Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

Use since or ever since with a specific month, year or a period in the past > I
have been jogging in this park since 2002 / He has been staring at the wall ever
since he heard the news.

Use for with a number of hours, days, months, years > Shes been talking on
the phone for 3 hours.

3.- Special feature

Has (he, She, it ) +been +ver-ing

Have ( I, you, we, they) +been +ver-ing

4.- Examples

Examples:

You have been waiting here for two hours.

Have you been waiting here for two hours?

You have not been waiting here for two hours.

5.- Exercises

AFF: I have been playing videogames all afternoon

NEG: I havent been playing videogames all afternoon
?: Have I been playing videogames all afternoon? Yes, I have

AFF: He has study for the test

NEG: he hasnt study for the test
?: Has he been for the test?

Yes, he has

no, he hasnt

No I havent

A.Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous (contrast)

We use the present perfect continuous when the focus is on an activity that is
unfinished.
2 Look at these two sentences.

Ive read that book you lent me. I finished it yesterday.

Ive been reading that book you lent me. Ive got another 50 pages to read.
The present perfect simple (Ive read) gives the idea of completion while
the present perfect continuous (Ive been reading) suggests that something is
unfinished.
3 Look at these two sentences.

Shes been writing emails for 3 hours.

Shes written 10 messages.

The present perfect continuous (has been writing) talks about how long
something has been happening. The present perfect simple (has written) talks
about how much/how many have been completed.
4 Look at these two sentences.

Ive worked here for thirty years.

I usually work in London but Ive been working in Birmingham for the last 3
weeks.
We can use the present perfect simple to talk about how long when we view
something as permanent. But the present perfect continuous is often used to
show that something is temporary.

BLOCK II

A) Used to / Didn`t use to / Would

a) Description: Used to
We use Used to for past habits. When we talk about things that happened in
the past but dont happen anymore. Use (to) (used in the past tense) expresses
that an activity was a past habit; it occurred at an earlier stage of life but not
now. It focuses on the habit, not duration or frequency.
1. Function
We can use used to to talk about past states or we can use used to to talk about
repeated past
actions.
used to is only for past states/actions that dont happen now.
2. Special Features
Aff: + used to + verb base form + complement.
Neg: + didnt use to + verb base form + complement.
Int: Did + + use to + verb base form + complement + ?
3. Examples
Aff: We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
Neg: We didn`t use to live in New York when I was a kid.
Int: Did we use to live in New York when I was a kid?
Yes, we did.
No, we didnt.

4. Exercises
We

used

to go to the beach after school.

We

used

to put on our swimsuits.

We

used

to head for the waves.

The guys

used

to smoke and act "cool".

b) Description: Didn`t use to

We use Didnt use to for past habits in negative sentences When we talk
about things that happened in the past but dont happen anymore.
1. Function
We can use Didnt used to to talk about past states in negative or we can use Didn`t
used to to talk
about repeated past actions
in negative.
Didn`t used to is only for

past states/actions that dont happen now.

2.- Special Features

Aff:

+ used to + verb base form + complement.

Neg: + didnt use to + verb base form + complement.

Int: Did + + use to + verb base form + complement + ?
3.Examples
We didn`t use to live in New York when I was a kid.
I didnt use to swim when I was at school.
He didn`t use to do homework on weekends.

4.Exercises
We

didn`t use

to go to the beach after school.

We

didn`t use

to put on our swimsuits.

We

didn`t use

to head for the waves.

The guys

didn`tuse

to smoke and act "cool".

c)Description: Would
Would expresses that an activity was routine, typical behavior, frequently repeated.
1.Function
To talk about the past, about something we used to do long ago but no longer do.
2.Special Features
Aff: + would + verb base form + complement.
Neg: + wouldnt + verb base form + complement.
Int: would + + verb base form + complement + ?

3.Examples
I would go to the beach after school.
I wouldn`t go to the beach after school.
Would I go to the beach after school?
4.Exercises
We

would go to the beach after school.

We

would put on our swimsuits.

We

would head for the waves.

The guys

would smoke and act "cool".

*Further information at: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/es/grammarreference/past-habitused-towouldpast-simple and http://www.grammarquizzes.com/past1c.html

B) Past Perfect Simple

1. Description
This tense is formed using two components: the verb have (in past tense),
and the
past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends
with -ED
(just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle
form that you
have to learn.
2. Function

The Past Perfect Tense is often used in English when we are relating
two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened
first.
3. Special Features
Here are the rules, using the regular verb "arrive" and the irregular verb "eat.
(Regular verb)
Aff: + had + verb in past participle + complement.
Neg: + hadnt + verb in the participle + complement.
Int: Had + + verb participle + complement + ?
(Irregular verb)
Aff: + had + verb in past participle + complement.
Neg: + hadnt + verb in the participle + complement.
Int: Had + + verb participle + complement + ?

4. Examples
Subject

HAVE

had

You

had

He

had

She

had

It

had

Past Participle
arrived.
eaten.
arrived.
eaten.
arrived.
eaten.
arrived.
eaten.
arrived.
eaten.

Contraction
I'd arrived.
I'd eaten.
You'd arrived.
You'd eaten.
He'd arrived.
He'd eaten.
She'd arrived.
She'd eaten.
It'd arrived.
It'd eaten.

5. Exercises
Aff: I had arrived to the train station.
Neg: I hadn`t arrived to the train station.
Int: Had I arrived to the train station?
Yes, I had.
No, I hadnt.
Aff: I had drunk a lot of beer.
Neg: I hadnt drunk a lot of beer.

Int: Had I druck a lot of beer?

Yes, I had.
No, I hadnt.
*Further information and exercises at:
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/pastpf.htm

Block III

A) Vocabulary

1. Films

Actor: Actor
Actors: Actores
Actress: Actrices
Audience: Pblico, audiencia.
Cast: Reparto
Cinema: Cine
Climax: Clmax (desenlace de la pelcula)
Director: Director de cine
Extra: Figurante, actor extra.
Film: Pelcula (UK)
Genre: Gnero (tipo de pelcula)
Language: Idioma
Lead role: Papel principal
Main actor: Actor principal

Movie: Pelcula (USA)

Original Version: Versin original
Plot: Trama
Scene: Escena, escenario, decorado.
Script: Guin

1. Book genres

Biography/Autobiography - Narrative of a person's life. A true story about a

real person.

Essay - A short literary composition that reflects the author's outlook or point.

Narrative nonfiction - Factual information presented in a format which tells a

story.

Speech - Public address or discourse.

Textbook - Authoritative and detailed factual description of a topic.

Reference book - Dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, almanac, atlas, etc.

Biography/Autobiography - Narrative of a person's life. A true story about a

real person.

Essay - A short literary composition that reflects the author's outlook or point.

Narrative nonfiction - Factual information presented in a format which tells a

story.

Speech - Public address or discourse.

Textbook - Authoritative and detailed factual description of a topic.

Reference book - Dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, almanac, atlas, etc.

Romance

Satire

Tragedy

Comedy

B) Writing

1. Film review.
Sample at: http://www.wikihow.com/Sample/Movie-Review

The Avengers (2012)

Cast: Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Tom Hiddleston, Chris Hemsworth, Mark
Ruffalo, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Samuel L. Jackson, Clark Gregg and
Cobie Smulders
Synopsis: Nick Fury, director of the organization of peacekeeping known as
SHIELD, recruits Iron Man, Hulk, Thor, and Captain America to form a team. The
group must stop Thor's brother, Loki, to prevent the destruction of the planet.
Review:

Sharing the narrative links with Thor and Captain America, this time revolves
more around the almighty Tesseract, a cube of renewable energy. Descendant of
Asgard, and sought by those who wish to impose power on Earth. An aspiring
rogue god, Loki (Tom Hiddlestone), escaped from their home planet and intends
to make the human race his subjects.
Meanwhile, Nick Fury agent tries to keep the peace, should take advantage of
supersized egos and skills of our group of supermen of several million dollars to
avoid an intergalactic war.
The satisfaction for those educated in the subject of Marvel, either by eating
comics or just get hooked when Iron Man was stratospheric in 2008, is that Joss
Whedon has created a film enthusiast action that takes all aspects successful the
each character franchise and improved tenfold.
Stark is funnier, referring to Thor as "Breaking Point" and thank God his
petulance downwardly. Banner, very well played by Mark Ruffalo, constantly
rubbing his hands and referring to Hulk as "the other" is a much more confident
person, and versions of Norton neurosis and Bana were in history.
But Natasha Romanoff Scarlett Johansson who emerges havoc with most of the

credit. Maybe it's not so surprising considering Whedon's predilection for strong
female characters (see Buffy and Dollhouse). She is the most rounded of
superheroes and share a genuine connection with most, if not all, of the whole
costume.
And therein lies the difference between this and the similarly grandiose Dark of
the Moon; Whedon ensures that worry about these characters before the start of
the impressive destruction of concrete. There is a real sense thanks to the
brilliant performances, this group is a team fighting for each other.
Reunited with enough to breathe each of the characters that shine in no time
threatens to become a gooey film and soulless space; this is definitely a great
movie spectacular proportions.

2. Book review.
Sample at: http://www.book-review-circle.com/Charlie-and-the-ChocolateFactory-Roald-Dahl.html

Book: The battles in the desert

Author: Jos Emilio Pacheco
Synopsis: The battles in the desert, develops the love story of a boy named Charlie who
falls for the mother of his best friend (Jim). One day Carlos decided to tell his love
(Mariana) about your feelings for it escapes from school without permission to go to the
house of Mariana and confess what happened to her feelings, but people realized what
was happening took it like crazy, without knowing pure and sincere love of the child's
parents Carlitos thought this needed professional help for it led him to a priest and a
psychologist to help; in subsequent problems worsened and Jim stopped being his
enemy and became something much worse than enemies.
Review:
The work Battles in the Desert is a work of the author Jos Emilio Pacheco, where the
author is primarily aimed at adults as it tells a love story and a little history of our
country, but why not also children and youth.
The style that the author uses is a formal style, although the style is simple; in some
cases uses a style as old as a book a few decades ago the language is dated for these
times is.
The author addresses the issue of the political situation that our Mexico passes around
the 50's, especially the city of Mexico, where the story unfolds, it also addresses issues

such as evolution or rather the change in our country rural to an urban country with
technology of the time.