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QUESTION: AN ORGANISATION NEEDS TO REVIEW ITS PROVISION

OF HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING FOR IT`S WORKERS
a- Identify factors that should be considered when developing a
program of health and safety training:
Answer: Type and function of the organization Hazard and
risk profile of the organization Accident history of the
organization, which may indicate areas where awareness is
lacking or training needed Any statutory training requirement
Level of training previously provided, together with the
details of each employees have been trained and when
b- Identify measures that might be used to assess the
effectiveness of health and safety training:
Answer: Reduction in accident and absence rates increased
awareness of the topic covered in the training improved
compliance to safe system of work.
c- Identify checks that could be made to help to assess whether a
person is competent
Answer: Checking qualifications Requesting references
Verifying membership of professional bodies.
d- Give reasons why it is important for an employer to keep a
record of the training provided to each worker
To check who has been trained Realizing the progress against
the training plan to demonstrate to regulators that adequate
training provided to the workforce to prove in a civil claim or
an accident investigation that an employee had received
training.

QUESTION: Outline the key features of

a- A health and safety inspection
Answer: Simpler process of checking the workplace for uncontrolled
hazards and addressing any that are found during the inspection.
b- A health and safety audit
Answer: Focuses on management systems. It examines documents
e.g. safety policy, procedures, arrangements, risk assessments etc
It looks records e.g. training, maintenance, inspections, statutory
examinations etc It verifies the standards that exist within the
workplace.
c- Explain how the findings of an audit may be used to improve
health and safety performance:
Answer: After the audit, there may be a number of findings which
require action, presented in the audit feedback and report.
- Major non-conformance: a significant issue or breach which
requires urgent action. This could result in the failure of the safety
management system and/or result injury.

- Minor non-conformance: An issue which is less serious in nature

and unlikely to result in injury or a breakdown of the system
- Observations: an opinion given by the author which the
organization could decide to act upon.

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QUESTION:
a- Outline factors that should be considered when developing a safe
system of work:
Answer: Safe system of work is a step by step procedure for carrying
out a task safely. Below steps might be considered when developing
one;
Select the task to be studied - Identify the hazards - Develop the
safe system looking at; materials/equipment/environment/people Implement the system - Monitor the system
b- Identify three key elements of safe system of work:
Answer: The SSW is formal, documented or recorded in some way
It results from a systematic examination of work in order to identify
the hazards (it`s the result of risk assessment) It defines safe
methods (it`s the safe procedure or work instruction)

QUESTION:
a- Give the meaning of the term `hazard`
Answer: Something with the potential to cause harm.
b- Give the meaning of the term `risk`
Answer: The likelihood that harm will occur and the severity of the
harm.
c- Outline reasons why young persons may be at a higher risk of
injury in a workplace;
Answer: Lack of experience and training
Body not fully developed
More likely to take risks
Respond to peer group pressure
Poor risk perception

QUESTION: Identify possible costs to an organization following an

accident in the workplace:
Answer: Direct Costs : Fines in the criminal court - Compensation
payable to the victim - First aid treatment Worker sick pay Lost
or damaged product Lost production time while dealing with the
injury Overtime to make up for lost time
Answer: Indirect Costs: Loss staff from productive duties in order to
investigate the accident Loss of staff morale Loss of company
reputation Compliance with any enforcement notice Cost of
recruiting and training temporary or replacement workforce.

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QUESTION: Outline how the organization could reduce risks to

contractors before the project starts and during the project:
Answer: First : Before project start: Selecting a suitable contractor:
Checking previous experience of the contractor Controlling
suitable references Enforcement records Safety policy Risk
assessment Accident and ill health data Membership of the
trade unions Competence and training level of their employees
Answer: Second : During the project: Planning the job Controlling
contractors on workplace Checking contractors work Reviewing
contractors health and safety performance Safety Audits Safety
Inspections.

QUESTION:
a- Outline why an organization should have a system for the internal
reporting of accidents
Answer: Prevent future accidents by identifying and eliminating the
causes Demonstrate concern about peoples health and safety
Improve workers morale Identifying weaknesses in management
time Prevent business loses Collate accidents and ill health data
and identify trends Defend criminal cases Defend claims for
compensation.
b- Identify why workers might not report accidents at work
Answer: Unclear organizational policy on reporting accidents No
reporting system in place Culture of not reporting incidents
Overly complicated reporting system Excessive paperwork Takes
too much time Blame culture Reluctance to receive first aid
treatment.

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QUESTION: Give reasons why PPE should be considered only after

other control measures:
ANSWER: PPE` s does not the eliminate the hazard PPE` s does not
the reduce the hazard Protect only wearer May introduce new
hazards Relies on worker to use it It may be uncomfortable
Management may not force wearing May not properly
maintained.
QUESTION: Outline reasons why an organization should review it`s
health and safety performance:
ANSWER: To identify whether the organization is on target If not
on target, why ? What do we have to change? Monitoring the
system is an essential part of any management system Because
reviews are required part of any accreditation system such
OHSAS18001 etc

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QUESTION:
a- Outline the key stages of a risk assessment process:
1. Identify the hazards
2. Identify the people who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions
4. Record the significant findings and implement them
5. Review and update as necessary.
b- Outline three reasons for reviewing a risk assessment
After an accident/incident New equipment Changes to
equipment, plant, and process Changes in personnel Changes in
legislation Result of monitoring or audit Action by enforcement
authority New information becomes available
c- Explain the criteria which must be met for an assessment to be
suitable and sufficient:
State the name and competence of the assessor Identify the
significant hazards and risk arising out of or connected with the
work Identify all those persons who could be at risk Evaluate the
effectiveness of current controls Identify other protective
measures required to control the risk to an acceptable level
Record to significant findings of the risk assessment Be
appropriate to the nature of the work.
d- Outline the factors that an employer should take into account
when selecting individuals to assist in carrying out a risk
assessment:
Workers familiar with the tasks and areas to be assessed Health
and safety practitioners and occupational health nurses Technical
specialists such as mechanical and electrical engineers Line
managers responsible for the tasks or areas being assessed
Worker safety representatives.

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QUESTION: Identify ways in which the health and safety culture of

an organization might be improved:
ANSWER: Senior management commitment Ownership of health
and safety at every level Effective communication and
consultation Training for all levels of employee Shared
perception of risks Standards of acceptable behavior Learning
from experience through monitoring and review Balance between
health and safety and production.

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QUESTION: A serious accident occurred to a worker and there will

be costs to the organization.
a- Identify three costs which are likely to be insured:
Damage to plant, buildings and equipment Compensation paid to
workers Medical Costs Legal Costs
b- Identify three costs which are likely to be uninsured:
Production delays or down time Loss of raw material due to
accidents Accident investigation time Criminal fees and legal
costs Sick pay for injured workers Overtime to make up for lost
production Hiring and training new employees Loss of business
reputation.

QUESTION: Outline factors that would determine the frequency

with which health and safety inspections should be undertaken in a
workplace:
ANSWER: Statutory requirements Activities level of risk New
equipments may require more frequent monitoring Evaluating
Risk assessments Vulnerable workers Findings from previous
inspections Accident/Incident history Enforcement authorities
recommendation Workers concerns.

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QUESTION:
a- Identify four types of emergency that would require an
organization to have an emergency procedure:
Answer: Fire Bomb threat Spillage of a hazardous chemical
Release of a toxic gas Outbreak of disease Severe weather or
flooding Multiple casualty accident.
b- Identify three types of emergency in the workplace that may
require the evacuation of the workers:
Answer: Fire Bomb threat Spillage of hazardous chemical
Release of a toxic gas.
c- Outline why it`s important to develop emergency procedures in
the workplace:
Answer: Despite all the controls that can be introduced into an
organization, things can still go wrong. Accidents and incidents do
happen. When they do, it`s critical that the organization has
emergency procedures that can be brought into effect without
delay, otherwise there may be a poor or inappropriate response
that makes things worse rather than better.
QUESTION: A worker has been seriously injured in an accident at
work. Outline the immediate and longer term actions that should be
taken:
Answer: Immediate: Treatment for injured personnel Make the
area safe Initiate emergency plan Contact emergency services
Preserve scene for investigation Notify enforcing authority if
necessary.
Answer: Longer Term: Decide the depth of the investigation and
select team Gather evidence at the scene Interview witnesses
Examine documents Appoint specialist if necessary.

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QUESTION: Outline the main health and safety responsibilities of:

a- Employer:
Answer: Safe place of work Safe work equipment and substances
Information, Instruction, Training and Supervision Welfare
provisions Emergency procedures Consultation with employees
Do not charge employees for health and safety measures To
ensure that working hours do not adversely affect employees safety
and health To remove any physical or mental fatigue
b- Workers:
Answer: Take reasonable care of their own safety and that other
people who might be affected by the things that they do and the
things that they fail to do Comply with all safety instructions and
procedures Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper
with it Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard
and cannot themselves correct Report any work related
accident/ill health.
QUESTION: Identify documentation that is likely to be inspected in a
health and safety audit:
Answer: Safety Policy Method of statements Safe system of
work Accident records Maintenance records Arrangements.

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QUESTION:
a- Give the meaning of the term `permit to work`
Answer: Is a formal written procedure requiring written
confirmation that certain actions have been carried out to eliminate
or control risks before a specific high risk activity is carried out.
b- Identify three types of activity that may require a permit to work
and outline the reasons why in each case.
Answer:
Hot Work
Flammable materials are removed from the work area Items that
cannot be removed are covered with fire blanket Floor is swept
clean Wooden floor is damped down A suitable fire extinguisher
is at hand A fire watcher is present in the area The work area
visited routinely after the work has finished to check the area for
smouldering.
Work on Live Electrical System
A permit system is used to ensure that:
Working live is justified All precautions are in place The workers
are competent to do the work.
Machinery Maintenance
A permit system is used to ensure that:
Work is carefully planned, assessed and controlled The nature of
the work is communicated to those who need to know about it
Power sources are isolated and locked off Stored energy is
released or secured The workers are competent to do the work.
Confined Spaces
Entry into confined spaces can be extremely hazardous, so should
always be under the control of a permit to work system. This will
require a competent person to carry out a risk assessment and then
develop a safe system of work which identifies all the necessary
precautions for entry and the emergency arrangements that must
be put in place.
Work at Height
A large proportion of workplace fatalities are caused by falls from
height, this is considered a high risk activity and is often covered
with the use of a permit to work. The permit system will be used to
ensure that the following factors are taken into consideration;
Avoidance of working at height if possible Prevention of falls by
provision of a safe workplace Minimization of the distance and
consequences of falls by the use PPE to limit falls, or safety devicesWeather conditions.

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QUESTION: Outline ways in which an organization could encourage

workers to be involved in setting and maintaining high standards of
health and safety:
ANSWER: Discipline Reward Informing Facilitate safe behavior
Train - Communication - Employee involvement Incentives Leading by example - Performance appraisals.

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QUESTION: Outline the circumstances that may require a health and

safety policy to be reviewed:
ANSWER: Accidents Incidents New equipment New Staff New
Technology New premises Changes in legislation Accident
Investigation Enforcement action Prosecution Compensation
claims Periodic review

QUESTION:
a- Give two reasons why visitors to a workplace might be at greater
risk of injury than an employee:
Answer: Unfamiliar hazards and risks Unfamiliar with process
Lack of knowledge.
b- Identify precautions that could be taken to help to ensure the
health and safety of visitors to a workplace:
Answer: Identification of visitors: signing in, badges etc.
Information regarding the risks present and site rules and
procedures, especially in emergency situations Visitor supervision
i.e. escorts Restricted access to certain areas Prior notification to
the department manager.

QUESTION: Outline why it`s important for an organization to

investigate near miss incidents:
ANSWER: Near misses indicate that the potential for serious
accidents is present and by reacting to the near misses they will
prevent them.
QUESTION:

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a- Identify two examples of confined space that may be found

within a workplace:
Answer: Chamber tank vat silo well pipe - sewer
b- Describe the main factors to consider when preparing a safe
system of work for entry into a confined space:
Answer: Level of supervision Competency requirements of the
people doing the work Communication methods to be used inside
of the confined space Atmospheric testing and monitoring before
and during entry Ventilation that may be required before and
during entry Removal of residues Isolation and lock off of in
feeds and out feeds Isolation and lock off of electrical and
mechanical hazards PPE requirements for workers inside the
confined space which may include respiratory PPE Safe and quick
access and egress methods Suitable lightning Suitability of
individuals Emergency and rescue arrangements in case of
emergency.

QUESTION:
a- Give the meaning of the term `health and safety culture`:
Answer: HSE Culture is the shared attitudes, values, beliefs and
behaviors relating to health and safety.
b- Identify factors that could have contributed to the deterioration
of the health and safety culture within the organization:
Answer: Lack of leadership from management Presence of a blame
culture Lack of management commitment to safety Health and
safety receiving lower priority than the other business issues
Organizational changes High staff turnover rates Lack of
resources Lack of worker consultation Interpersonal issues
Poor management systems and procedures External influences.

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QUESTION: Outline reasons for promoting and maintaining good

standards of health and safety in the workplace:
ANSWER: Increased levels of compliance with rules and procedures
Increased staff morale Reduced staff complaints Reduced staff
turnover Reduced absenteeism Reduced sickness and accident
rates.
Moral reasons Reduces injuries etc
Legal reasons avoiding enforcement etc
Financial reasons avoiding high insurance rates etc

QUESTION: With the respect to the `statement of intent` section of

a health and safety policy;
a- Explain its purpose:
Answer: The purpose of statement intent is to make sure that the
organization has a clear vision and understanding to put health and
safety management system in place. It describes organization`s
aims, goals and objectives.
b- Outline the issues that may be addressed in this section of the
health and safety policy:
Answer: Health and safety aims
Health and safety goals and objectives
Career risk assessment
Provide Information, instruction, training and supervision
To prevent accidents and ill health

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QUESTION: An employee was seriously injured in an accident at

work whilst operating an item of work equipment. Identify the
documented information that might be used by the employer to
defend a civil claim:
ANSWER: References to the health and safety policy Documents
related to the accident Witness statements Risk assessments
Safe system of work Training records Statutory inspections
Health and safety committee minutes Have had disciplinary action
before.

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QUESTION:
a- Identify four types of health and safety information that might
usefully be displayed on a notice boards within a workplace:
Answer: Health and safety policy statement of intent Information
from the safety representatives upcoming health and safety
events
b- Explain how the effectiveness of notice boards as a means of
communicating health and safety information to the workforce can
be maximized:
Answer: Located common areas of the workplace - Not complicated
confusing - Ensuring all information are up-to-date - Eye catching.
QUESTION: Outline the content of an induction training program for
new employees designed to reduce the risk of accidents:
ANSWER: Health and safety policy Culture of organization Fire
precautions Emergency procedure What accidents to be
reported How to report accidents Hazards of the workplace
Drink and drugs policy First aid precautions Welfare provisions.

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QUESTION: State the powers given to health and safety

enforcement officers:
ANSWER: Right to enter premises carry out investigations and
examinations measurement and photographs documents copy
take statements issue improvement or prohibition notices.
The right to enter premises, if necessary with police assistance
To carry out examinations and investigations
To direct that premises or equipment be left undisturbed for the
purpose of investigations
To take measurements and photographs
To inspect and/or take copies of documents and records
To take samples
To interview a person and obtain a signed declaration of truth
To take possession of articles and substances
To issue enforcement notices
To dismantle and/or test any item or substance which they decide is
harmful to health.