First International Power and Energy Coference PECon 2006

November 28-29, 2006, Putrajaya, Malaysia

235

Parameters and Power Flow Analysis of the 380 -kV

Interconnected Power System in Turkey
Mehmet KURBAN, Ummuhan BASARAN FILIK
Abstract - This paper presents all the general overview of
the interconnected power system in Turkey which consists of
30 generation and 35 load buses, totaling 65 buses connected
each other with 380-kV power transmission lines. Also the
power flow analysis implemented using MATLABO is made to
find optimal operating points of the system and to make power
systems generation planning. All data used in this analysis is
taken from TEIAS (Transmission System Operator of Turkey)
and EUAS (Electricity Generation Co. Inc.)
Index terms
transmission line

Line parameters, power flow, 380 kV,

I. INTRODUCTION
The power transmission system in Turkey involves 771
buses, 955 lines and 366 transformers. In the 380-kV
interconnected power system of Turkey which consists of
30 generation and 35 load buses, totaling 65 buses, 5 plants
are otoproductor, 6 plants are mobile, 12 plants are thermal
and 7 plants are hydrothermal. Rail, cardinal and pheasanttype conductors which are two or three bundled are used in
this system. Lengths of transmission lines change between 7
km to 468 km. There are also series capacitors in the long
transmission lines. Some of the transmission lines are
double lines [1].
In this paper, the Turkey's 380-kV interconnected
system are explained in details and the Newton Raphson
power flow analysis is performed to the system which
consists of 65 buses..
II. NEWTON RAPHSON POWER FLOW ANALYSIS
Power flow studies are important in planning and
designing the future expansion of power systems as well as
in determining best operation of existing systems. The
principal information obtained from power flow study is the
magnitude and the phase angle of the voltage at each bus
and the real and the reactive power flowing in each line [2].
The power flow problem can be formulated as a set of
nonlinear algebraic equality/inequality constraints.
Either the bus self and mutual admittances which
compose the bus admittance matrix Ybu, or the driving point
and transfer impedances which compose Zbus may be used in
solving power flow problem. Power flow calculation
provides power flows and voltages for a specified power
system subject to regulating capability of generators,
capacitors and tap changers, transformers as well as
specified net interchange between individual operating
system [3].

M. Kurban is with the Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, 26470 Turkey (e-mail:
mkurbarn(d anladolu.edu.tr).
U.Basaran Filik is with the Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, 26470 Turkey (e-mail:
ubasaran@ anadolu.edu.tr).

1-4244-0273-5/06/$20.00 C2006 IEEE

Bus Admittance Matrix: An admittance matrix relates

the injected currents at the nodes of an interconnected
network to the voltages at the nodes, and gives the electrical
behavior of the various network components. The
admittance matrix is obtained by making nodal analysis on
the network
The Ybu, is symmetric. Yii, diagonal terms are the selfadmittance which is the sum of admittances of all the
components connected to the i'th node. Yij, non-diagonal
elements are negative of admittance of all components
connected between the i'th and the j'th node. If a parallel
connection between the i'th and j'th node exist, one must
calculate this admittance in advance. Ybus matrices can be
represented as follows (NxN):

Y1

Y12

iYN

Y21

Y22

Y2N

_YNI YN2 **YNN_ NXN

(1)
Yij Oij Yi1 cos Oij + j|Yij sin Oij = Gij + jBi
For large power systems, the Newton Raphson method
is found to be more efficient and practical. The number of
iterations required to obtain a solution is independent of the
system size, but more functional evaluations are required at
each iteration. The complex power at bus i is;

Yij

Pi-jQi

Vi Ii Vi

n=l

inV

n=l

=(6in
YniV+ /6-/i) 2

Separating into real and imaginary components yields

two equations for bus i,

N

n=l
N

Qi

E ViVrYi,

n=l

sinf(0ir + l,

(4)

APi and AQi

APi

Pi,g

P,cal

(Pgi

,cal

AQi Qi,g Qi,cal (Qgi Qi ) Qi,cal

(5)
(6)

The Jacobian matrix gives the linearized relationship

between small changes in voltage angle and voltage
magnitude with the small changes in real and reactive
power. In short form can be written as;
AP

][lJl

j12

ILAvI

(7)

For voltage controlled buses, the voltage magnitudes

are known. There fore if m buses of the system are voltage
controlled, m equation involving AQ and AV and the
corresponding columns f the Jakobian matrix can be
eliminated. The diagonal and off diagonal elements of Jll,

J12, J21,and J22 [2]:

236

J11:

aP(5
aJi

Thermal and Hydrothermal Plants

Total generation, number of the groups and interior
consumption of the plants are given in Table 2. (2003-

> |Vi||yi,1|Vj sin(.i -d5j Oi,j)

-

V=l, sin

summer

a,5j -Y
| | Yi,k ||Vj sin(,5i -i5jJk

i,, ), k # i

TABLE 2
TOTAL GENERATION BY NUMBER OF THE GROUPS AND
INTERIOR CONSUMPTION OF THE PLANTS

Ji2:

ai

Iyi,j ||Vj

sin(gi gj
-

aQ =Vi
yiyksin(5i-

a~k

J21:

aQi

aYv

aQ

Otij ) 2yVi ||Yi,i sin(-ti,i )

Plant Name

Ok

Ada DG
Altinkaya
Ambarli
Atatuirk
BirecikHes
Bursa DG

yij
1|Vj1sin(gi -j -6ij)
Y=l
Vi)

|Vi ||Yi,k ||Vj COS((i

al5k

i,k ), k #

(Catalan

ayirhan
Elbistan
Gebze DG

J22:
3Pi

G6kqekaya

HasanUgurlu

Yi,Avjlcos(i - j -oisj ) + 2V lyjjncos(-06)

a'|v |Vi 1 Yi,k ||Vj COS05i -'j -Oi,k ), k # i
=

III.

Hamitabat
Izmir DG
Karakaya
Keban
Kemerkoy
Kemerkoy
Oymapinar
Seyitomer
Soma
Sugozui
Unimar

THE SYSTEM PARAMETERS

Electricity Generation of the system

In 1923, total power of the system is 33 MW but 35587
MW in 2003. The total power of the system is given
between 1973 and 2003 years in the table 1.

Yatagan

Yenikoy
Otopr.+Mobil

TABLE 1
TOTAL POWER OF THE SYSTEM BETWEEN 1973 AND 2003 YEARS

Year Thermal

1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

puant load)

2207,1
2282,9
2407
2491,6
2854,6
2987,9
2987,9
2987,9
3181,3
3556,3
3695,8
4584,3
5244,3
6235,2
7489,3
8299,8
9208,4
9550,8
10092
10334
10653
10992
11089
11312
11786
13021
15555
16052
16623
19385
22809

Increase
Hydrothermal Jeoter Total
+Wind (MW)
(%)
(MW)
17,7
3192,5
985,4
16,9
3732,1
1449,2
12,2
4186,6
1779,6
4,2
4364,2
1872,6
8,3
4727,2
1872,6
3
4868,7
1880,8
5,1
5118,7
2130,8
0
5118,7
2130,8
8,2
5537,6
2356,3
19,9
6638,6
3082,3
4,5
6935,1
3239,3
22
8459,1
17,5
3874,8
7,8
3874,8
17.5 9119,1
10,9
3877,5
17,5 10112,7
23,5
5003,3
17,5 12492,6
16,2
6218,3
17,5 14518,1
8,9
17,5 15805,7
6597,3
3,2
6764,3
17,5 16315,1
5,5
17,5 17206,6
7113,8
8,8
8378,7
17,5 18713,6
8,7
9681,7
17,5 20335,1
2,6
9864,6
17,5 20857,3
0,5
17,5 20951,8
9862,8
1,4
9934,8
17,5 21246,9
3
10102
17,5 21889,4
6,7
10306
26,2
24189
11,8
10537
26,2 26119,3
4,4
11175
36,4 27264,1
3,9
11672
36,4 28332,4
11.2
12240
36.4 31845.8
11.1
12597
36.4
35587

Generation
(MW)
330
262
1000
1320
416
370
156
340
300
1400
167
200
620
1469
840
1125
200
36
250
290
640
1112
452
390
330
1631

Number of
Groups
2
2
8
5
4
2
3
3
1
6
2
2
6
6
3
7
1
2
2
2
6
2
3
2
2

I.consumpt.
(MW)
5

25
5
46
27
21
10
20

18
28
64
80
7
40
33

Regulated stair curve using 2002 load data is shown in

figure 1.

xI,0

ol

ica

.m

.c

.ca

X ~ !

Time

Fig 1 Stair curve for 2002 load values

Reactance, Impedance and Capacitance Values of the

system
The interconnected power system of Turkey which
consists of 30 generation and 35 load buses, totaling 65
buses connected each other with 380-kV power transmission
lines. The system is shown in the Figure 2. Bus codes are

given in the Table 3.

237
TABLE 3
BUS CODES FOR THE SYSTEM
Bus
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
The

Bus
Name
Hamitabat
Habibler

Ikitelli
Alibeykoy
Pasakoy
Umraniye
T.Oren
Karabiga
B alikesir 2

Aliaga_2
Uzundere
Varsak
Adana
Erzin
Andirin
Konya
Golbasi
Temelli
Y.Hisar
Kapasitor
Ankara
Kursunlu
lengths

Bus
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

Bus
Name
Eregli_2
Carsamba
Tirebolu
Kayabasi
Deceko
Erzurum
Horasan
Ozluce
D.Bakir
Batman
S.Urfa
Keban_2
Denizli
S.Sehir
Cayirhan
Altinkaya
Unimar
Ambarli
BursaN.G
B. Ind.
T.Salt

Bus
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65

IV. POWER FLOW ANALYSIS

Using data taken from TEIAS, power flow analysis is

made for the given system. The principal information
obtained from this study is the magnitude and the phase
angle of the voltage at each bus and the real and the reactive
power flowing in each line. First, bus types of the system are
defined. Hamitabat bus is chosen slack bus.
The bus admittance matrix of the system is composed
using R, X, B/2 data. The matrix is a sparse matrix.
Dimension of the matrix is 65x65.In figure 3 shows the
number of different zeros for system.

Bus
Name
Izmir_DGKC
IUiklar
Yatagan
Yenikoy
Kemerkyy
O.Pnar
G.Antep2

S.Omer
Gokcekaya
AdaTM
Gebze(adal)
Ada_2
Osmanca
Birecik
Ataturk
Karakaya
ElbB
ElbA
H.Ugurlu
Kangal
Keban 1

10

20
30

40

50

60

Soma_B

are

given in Table 4 for

few selected

ones.

TABLE 4
PARAMETERS FOR A FEW SELECTED LINES

Bus to
bus
1 -4
1-39
3-39
2-39
2-5
6-7

Lengths of
line (km)
153
90
87

Type of

85
48
31.957

S1S2

pillar
3ABC
A
A

PH
4A1

Number of
bounded ind.
3
2
2
3
3
2

30

40

50

60

249

Fig. 3: The number of different zeros for system in the bus admittance
matrix.

The converge graphics of the AP and AQ are shown in

the Figure 4. After the sixtieth iteration, AP and AQ values
converge to value of 0.02.

Type of he
conductor

_3

Cardinal
Cardinal
Cardinal
Cardinal
Pheasant
Rail
DD

Using the data given in Table 4, R,X and B/2 values

calculated and some selected values for this parameters
given in Table 5.
TABLE 5
SELECTED VALUES FOR R,X AND B/2

Bus to
bus
1 -4
1 -39
3-39
2-39
2-5
677

20

nz

of the transmission lines and number of the

bundled conductors

10

(p.u)

(p.u)

B/2
(p.u)

0.002444
0.002165
0.002080
0.001364
0.000577
0.000769

0.028082
0.020001
0.019221
0.016234
0.008628
0.007119

0.4612905
0.222098
0.2533
0.2483265
0.148352
0.078705

are
are

30 _

60

OS .

0.+

-0.-

10

30

4X

letrio
Fig. 4: The converge graphics of the AP and AQ

Results of the power flow analysis

are

shown in table 6.

238

25

Hamitabat 1

Horosan
29

39

28

Ada T.M
54

Amnbarli
40

Kayaba,i
26

Kebanl
65
Keban2
34

Izmir DGKQ
45
Elb A |<
61

Uzundere
11

Karakaya
60

Y.Koy
48

Ataturk

Kemerkoy

ll~

49

S.Sehir
36

12

O.Pinar
50

13

G.Antep2
Erzin
14

51

58

Fig. 5: Turkey's 380kV Interconnected Power System

59

D.Bakir
31

Batman2
32

239
TABLE 6
RESULTS OF THE POWER FLOW ANALYSIS

Bus
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65

Bus Volt.
(pu)
1.01500
0.99959
0.99860
0.98828
0.99354
0.98613
0.99274
1.03752
1.01118
1.01845
1.00632
0.99229
0.98974
0.99946
1.01609
1.00452
1.00008
1.01454
1.01368
1.00199
1.00583
1.02320
1.00520
1.01248
0.99443
1.02718
1.02086
1.01155
1.01703
1.02455
0.99381
0.96379
1.00882
1.01294
1.01088
1.00853
1.01000
1.02000
1.03000
1.02000
1.02000
1.02000
1.01000
1.02000
1.02000
1.01000
1.03000
1.03000
1.01000
1.02000
1.01000
1.01166
1.00111
1.01111
1.01111
1.01111
1.01118
1.02000
1.02000
1.04100
1.04120
1.01112
1.01115
1.01121
1.01140

Bus Ang.
(deg)
0.00000
-3.03839
3.34787
-4.08104
-3.29381
4.17759
-3.48921
1.04386
3.22485
5.16919
3.40826

-14.5298
-8.98674
-6.19625
-4.16615
-8.80760
-2.28925
-1.51503
-1.34779
-1.39867
-1.69889
-0.64798
-1.18390
4.46964
0.95642
3.19317
6.58747
-6.80633
-6.98361
-1.17868
-2.31189
-5.28212
-0.24727
3.34890
2.57511
-10.3918
-1.25783
5.90703
-0.79990
-1.83797
1.12585
0.98935
1.88088
6.13999
5.36397
3.04842
4.89456
5.59368
5.81741
-12.0221
-2.44174
1.20157
0.68186
-0.26222
1.36472
1.34927
-0.56532
-0.21608
0.91455
2.93423
-0.46674
-0.01298
5.18519
7.88232
3.56181

P Gen.

(MW)
505.38266
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
340.00000
462.00000
452.00000
800.00000
370.00000
0.00000
343.00000
640.00000
1269.0000
0.00000
390.00000
330.00000
220.00000
250.00000
0.00000
290.00000
167.00000
0.00000
1400.0000
330.00000
0.00000
316.00000
1320.0000
840.00000
0.00000
227.00000
300.00000
585.00000
700.00000

Q Gen.
(MVar)
168.4608
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
136.00000
184.80000
180.80000
320.00000
148.00000
0.00000
137.20000
256.00000
507.60000
0.00000
156.00000
132.00000
88.00000
100.00000
0.00000
116.00000
-66.80000
0.00000
560.00000
132.00000
0.00000
126.40000
528.00000
336.00000
0.00000
90.80000
120.00000
234.00000
280.00000

According to results, total generation of the system is

12846.3826 MW and total load of the system is, 12672.730
MW. Total loss of the system is 173.65 MW.

V. CONCLUSION
In this study, the Turkey's 380kV interconnected
system are explained in detail. Some information about
generation and transmission of the energy is given. Power
flow analysis is performed which is of great importance in
planning and designing for the future expansion of power
systems as well as in determining the best operation of
existing systems. The magnitudes and the phase angles of
the voltage at each bus and the real and the reactive power
flowing in each line are obtained. For the future studies, the
under construction of the 380-kV transmission lines which
are Denizli-Varsak, Yesiltepe-Ikitelli, Sanliurfa-Kiziltepe,
Horasan-Agri, Tirebolu-Iyidere, Iyidere-Artvin and ArtvinErzurum can be considered for this analysis. If the required
data are obtained, all transmission lines which are 34.5 kV,
66 kV, 154 kV and 380 kV, the power flow analysis can be
repeated for the different applications.

VI. REFERENCES
Z Eren,. and K Akta_,., TEIAS, Ankara (2004).
J.J Grainger and W.D Stevenson, Power system analysis, McGrawHill International Editions, Newyork, USA (1994).
[3] J.Wood and B Wollenberg,. Power generation, operation and control,
Wiley interscience publication, Newyork, USA (1996).
[4] R.L Sullivan,., Power system planning, McGraw-Hill International
Book Company, USA (1985).
[5] www.teias.gov.tr

[1]
[2]

VII.BIOGRAPHIES
Mehmet Kurban graduated from Istanbul
Technical University (ITU) in Turkey as an
Electrical Engineer in 1991. He got M.Sc and
Ph.D degree from ITU in 1994 and 2001,
respectively. He is an assistant professor on
Power System Analysis in Anadolu University.
His special fields of interest included renewable
energy, power system cost analysis and
optimization.
Ummuhan Basaran Filik graduated from
Anadolu University in Turkey as an Electrical
and electronics Engineer in 2002. She is currently
a research assistant and enrolled as a Ph.D
student at Anadolu University in Turkey. Her
special fields of interest included power system
analysis and optimization..