Abstract
Electricity generated from wind turbines is increasingly in demand across the world.
Government incentives (state and federal), renewable portfolio standards, improved
technology, and marketable
renewable energy credits are driving the wind power industry, producing favorable
economics at both the utility
scale as well as the smaller, community scale. Wind power is now comparable in
price with the most commonenergy sources, such as coal and natural gas, resulting
in a large percentage increase in the number of wind
turbines being erected throughout the country. With increasing demand for wind
power, there will be a greater
need for wind technicians, or windsmiths, that provide maintenance on the turbines.
There will also be a need for
training programs that provide instruction in wind turbine technology, turbine
maintenance, tower construction
and erection, tower safety and wind economics. In addition, there will be an
increasing need for research on
developing technologies to make wind power a steady reliable source of electricity,
available on demand rather
than just when the wind blows.
An association was formed to develop the idea, which aimed to promote wind
energy projects
that benefit local people and that are subject to a significant degree of local control.
To gain experience in wind measurement, site development and
operation of large scale wind turbines at sites in complex terrain and
especially under the specific geographic and climatic conditions in the
West Balkan area with the aim of increasing efficiency and reliability of
wind turbine technology.
To gain experience with innovative measurement and simulation
techniques in complex terrain and under specific local wind systems in
SEE.
To improve the accuracy of energy yield prediction in complex terrain.
To increase efficiency and reliability of operating MW scale wind turbines
at sites in complex terrain.
To standardize and harmonize building codes and related standards for
wind turbine construction in West Balkans.
Objectives
The North American Wind Research and Training Center will accomplish the
following objectives:
Develop a comprehensive wind energy training curriculum to train technicians in all
aspects of modern wind
turbines and wind farm management, including customized industry training for
each turbine design
Provide a location for applied wind research in a Class 4-5 wind energy resource
region in close proximity to
major wind farms.
Provide an educational environment for instruction on wind power technology
Promote wind power as an economic development tool for the region
Serve as a demonstration site for other public institutions and industries seeking to
reduce utility costs.
7/18/05
HISTORY
Wind machines were used in Persia as early as 200 B.C. The windwheel of Heron of Alexandria
marks one of the first known instances of wind powering a machine in history.
However, the first practical windmills were built in Sistan, a region between Afghanistan and
Iran, from the 7th century. These were vertical axle windmills, which had long vertical driveshafts
with rectangle-shaped blades. Made of six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth
material, these windmills were used to grind corn and draw up water, and were used in the
gristmilling and sugarcane industries.
A forerunner of modern horizontal-axis wind generators was in service at Yalta, USSR in 1931.
This was a 100 kW generator on a 30 m (100 ft) tower, connected to the local 6.3 kV distribution
system. It was reported to have an annual capacity factor of 32 per cent, not much different from
current wind machines. In the fall of 1941, the first megawatt-class wind turbine was
synchronized to a utility grid in Vermont. The Smith-Putnam wind turbine only ran for 1100
hours. Due to war time material shortages the unit was not repaired.
The first utility grid-connected wind turbine operated in the UK was built by John Brown &
Company in 1954 in the Orkney Islands. It had an 18 meter diameter, three-bladed rotor and a
rated output of 100 kW.
Resources
Wind turbines locations with constantly high wind speeds bring best return on investment. With
a wind resource assessment it is possible to estimate the amount of energy the wind turbine will
produce.
Types of wind
turbine
Horizontal axis
Components of a horizontal axis wind turbine (gearbox, rotor shaft and brake assembly) being lifted
into position
Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) have the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a
tower, and must be pointed into the wind. Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind vane, while
large turbines generally use a wind sensor coupled with a servo motor. Most have a gearbox, which
turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation that is more suitable to drive an electrical
generator.
Horizontal subtypes
The rotor component, which is approximately 20% of the wind turbine cost, includes the blades
for converting wind energy to low speed rotational energy.
The generator component, which is approximately 34% of the wind turbine cost, includes the
electrical generator, the control electronics, and most likely a gearbox component for converting
the low speed incoming rotation to high speed rotation suitable for generating electricity.
The structural support component, which is approximately 15% of the wind turbine cost, includes
the tower and rotor yaw mechanism.
stations in 25 Indian States. This effort made it possible to assess the national wind potential
and identify suitable areas for harnessing wind power for commercial use, and 216 suitable
sites have been identified.
However,the wind measurements were carried out at lower hub heights and did not take into
account technological innovation and improvements and repowering of old turbines to replace
them with bigger ones At heights of 55-65 meters, to replace them with bigger ones. At
heights of 55-65 meters, the Indian WindTur bine Manufacturers Assodation (IWTMA)
estimates that the potential for wind development in India is around 65-70 GW. The World
Institute for Sustainable Energy, India (WISE) considers that with larger turbines, greater land
availability and expanded resource exploration, the potential could be as big as 100 GW.
India Wind Energy Market Analysis and Forecasts to 2013 (Global Data)
The report provides detailed analysis and forecasts of the global wind power market and the India wind
market in particular. It also helps in analyzing and forecasting key metrics relating to the installed
capacities, market size and growth. The report facilitates to understand onshore and offshore market in
India. It provides information relating to the major wind farms onshore and offshore projects and also
the upcoming projects in India. The report helps to comprehend the wind turbine industry and the
regulatory framework regarding the wind market in India. It offers interesting results on the market
share of the top manufacturers in the Italy wind turbine industry. Additionally, it also provides ten
profiles of the major wind turbine companies in India.
The report also provides trends and analysis of investments in the India wind power market as well as
deal summary and news flow for the last 6 months. On an all, it helps an investor to gauge the market
and technological development of the India wind market.
Scope
- Global Wind Market Analysis
- India Wind Market Overview, Market Size and Growth
- Predict and forecast future wind industry trends in India
- Key policies and regulatory framework supporting the India Wind Market
- Identify growth segments and opportunities in the India Wind Industry
- India Wind Turbine Industry and the leading players in the Indian wind market
- Key details regarding the active and upcoming wind projects in India
Reasons to buy
- Gain the most up to date and in-depth information on the India wind power market
- Analyzes the India Wind Turbine Industry
- Identify the key growth and investment opportunities within the India market based on the deal
analysis
- Facilitate decision-making based on strong historic and forecast data, deal analysis and recent
developments
- Develop strategies based on the latest operational and regulatory events in India
- Rapidly help to prepare more detailed and effective planning materials
- Understand and respond to your competitors business structure, strategy and prospects
- Do deals with an understanding of how competitors are financed, and the mergers and partnerships
that have shaped the market
- Identify and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the leading wind companies in India
Keywords
India, Indian, Asia Pacific, Renewable Energy, Renewable Power Market, Historical Cumulative
Installed Capacity, Renewable Type, Wind Market, World Wind Power Market, Market Dynamics,
Infrastructure Analysis, Supply Chain Analysis, Human Resources Analysis, Offshore Development,
Average Wind Farm Cost, Average Wind Turbine Size, Capital