Embedded Systems

@172.16.1.72

Embedded System
Little change
in actual steps in System Design

Significant Change
In Emphasis of Design Steps
FOCUS is on:
1. Design of Complete system in very short Time
2. Minimize the silicon area
3. Minimize the power dissipation

Design Representation
Starts with
Conceptualizing the product
function

Ends with
Blue print of Product

Example: DESIGN PROCESS

Market Dept
Study market needs
Determine requirement of new product

Chief Architect:
Convert requirement into architecture of product

Technologist
Select technology, component and suppliers

CAD group
Develop tool to suppert design product

DESIGN PROCESS
Design Team
Develop blue print

Software Engg
Writes Code

Test Team
Test stretegy and test vectors for reliability of
product

Manufacturing Engg
Manufacture the product

Design Process
Each group looks product in its own
point of view and require specific
information to support its work.
Each product have several different
representations/ views, which differs
in the type of information they
emphasize

Design Representations
Behavioral
Structural
Physical

Design Representations
Behavioral Representation
Black Box
Behavior as a function of its input and expression
Describes the functionality of system
Do not tell about its implementation
Defines How black box respond on the Input

But
Omit how black box defined / designed

Design Representations
Structural Representation
Define black Box
In terms of
Set of components and their connections
Do not represent functionality of black box

But
Specify products implementation
Design connectivity

Design Representations
Physical Representation
Specify the physical characteristics of
Components described in structural
representations
This includes
Dimention, location of each component, phycical
char. of connections between them.
Relationship of interconnected components,
weight, size, heat, power comsumption, position
of Input ourput pins.

Design Representations
Designer is more successful to create
better product when working with
behavioral representation

Level of Abstractions
Level

Behavoural
*form

Structural
* Component

Physical
*objects

Transistors

Differential
equations, CV
characteristics

Xer, capacitor ,
register

Analog, Digital

Gate

Boolen Equations
FSM Chart

Gate, Flip Flops

Module units

Register

Algorithm, Flow
chart, Instruction
set

Adder.
Comparator,
Counter, Register

Microchip, ASIC

Processor

Executable Spec
Programs

Processor,
Controller

PCB, MCMs

Design Methodology
CAPTURE AND SIMULATE
Used in the Past ( 25 years back)
Starts with specific set of representation of
product
Small team of chief architect produce regular
block diagrams
Logic designer convert each block function
into equivalent circuit schematic

Design Methodology
DESCRIBE and SYNTHESIS
New way
Allow us to describe the design in purely
behavioral form
Design structure are automatically generated
by CAD tools
DESCRIBE and SYNTHESIS can be applied at
the several level of abstractions

Describe and Synthesis: Gate Level

Using Logic Synthesis

Describe and Synthesis: Register Level

Using Behavoural synthesis technique
Described by programming algorithms,
flowcharts, data flow diagrams, FSM
charts, instruction sets
Describe and Synthesis: Gate Level

Q&A
Why Logic and Synthesis ?
Why it took long time to accept
behavioral synthesis than logic
synthesis ?

Next Class
Major Synthesis tasks

Behavior to Structural
Three major synthesis tasks
1. Allocation
2. Scheduling
3. Binding

Allocation
Determine the number of register level
components
Number of Functional units
Number of pipeline stages
Determine No, Size, protocol, delay of
each BUS in the system

Scheduling
Determine the number of Control
Steps
Each control step data transfer from
one register to another
All register transfer in each control
steps are to be executed
concurrently

Binding
Assign the operation to particular
register level component
Assign variable to storage unit and
operation to functional unit