Full-Scale Converter ABB

ACS800
System description and start-up guide

ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back)
ACS800-77LC manuals
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Code (EN)
ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) system

description and start-up guide
3AUA0000040012
WIND TURBINE CONVERTER HARDWARE MANUAL

ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) hardware
manual
3AUA0000023485
SUPPLY UNIT FIRMWARE MANUAL

Grid-side control program for ACS800 wind turbine converters
firmware manual
3AUA0000075077
INVERTER UNIT FIRMWARE MANUALS AND GUIDES

System Control Program Firmware Manual and
Adaptive Program Application Guide
3AFE64670646
3AFE68420075
OPTION MANUALS
Manuals for Fieldbus Adapters, I/O Extension Modules etc
RETA-01 Ethernet Adapter Module Users Manual
3AFE64539736
NETA-01 Ethernet Adapter User's Manual
3AFE64605062
NWPM-01 Modbus Adapter Module Users Manual
3AUA0000020296
APBU-44C(E) PPCS Branching and Datalogger Unit
3AFE68464251
RAIO-01 Analogue I/O Extension User's Manual
3AFE64484567
To download a manual, go to www.abb.com/drives and select Document Library.
ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter

(back-to-back)
System description and start-up guide
3AUA0000040012 Rev B
EN
EFFECTIVE: 2010-10-11
2010 ABB Oy. All Rights Reserved.
Table of contents
ACS800-77LC manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Table of contents
About this manual
What this chapter contains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Target audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Purpose of the manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Contents of this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Contents of other related manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
DriveWindow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Product and service inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Product training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Providing feedback on ABB Drives manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Abbreviations and terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
System description
What this chapter contains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Components of a wind turbine converter system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ACS800-77LC (back-to-back) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Full-converter system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control of generator power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operational speed range of a typical wind turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control of reactive power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asynchronous generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of wind turbine converter interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Converter control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fieldbus control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Block diagram of the main circuit with printed circuit boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printed circuit board connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cabinet layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency stop of category 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Category 0 definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implementation of category 0 stop in the wind turbine converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Applicable standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
15
15
16
17
18
19
19
20
22
23
23
23
24
25
25
27
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
Table of contents
Start-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grid fault ride-through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grid codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example limit curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of parameter settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cold start (-30 C +10 C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Normal start (-30 C +10 C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Circuit diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
29
30
35
36
36
36
37
37
38
Communication interface
General about communication and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Digital I/O in the INU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ethernet communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voltage reference UAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alarm and fault clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flux reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mailbox writing to the ISU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mailbox reading of ISU and INU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Polarities of reference and actual values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of control sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fault reset, system start and stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Normal system start and stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signals in the Modbus link with the NWPM-01 module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
From the WTC to the ABB converter with NWPM-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
From ABB to the WTC with NWPM-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Timing of the signals in Modbus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communication settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Use of Modbus facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Timing of modbus telegrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data types in Modbus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Timing of Modbus telegrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signal interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
39
40
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
46
47
48
48
49
50
50
52
56
56
56
56
56
57
58
Start-up
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Start-up procedure flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. FIRST STEPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HARDWARE SET-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONNECTING DriveWindow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. SETTING THE GRID-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of contents
61
61
62
63
63
63
63
64
66
PREPARATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING UP THE INTERNAL COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING UP TEMPERATURE ALARM AND TRIP LEVELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING UP THE GRID FAULT RIDE-THROUGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. SETTING THE GENERATOR-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PREPARATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING UP THE INTERNAL COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING UP THE GRID-SIDE IDENTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING UP THE ADAPTIVE PROGRAM CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING UP THE GENERATOR START-UP DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING UP THE GENERATOR CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. OPERATIONAL LOCAL TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PREPARATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING UP THE FIELDBUS COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONVERTER LOCAL TESTING WITH SCALAR CONTROL MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONVERTER LOCAL TESTING WITH DTC CONTROL MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. FINALIZING THE PARAMETRIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING THE GRID-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING THE GENERATOR-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. OPERATIONAL REMOTE TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONVERTER REMOTE TESTING WITH FIELDBUS COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EMERGENCY STOP CIRCUIT TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. FINAL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ETHERNET CONNECTION TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BACKUP AND RESTORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
66
66
66
68
68
68
68
68
69
69
70
70
70
71
72
73
73
73
74
74
74
75
75
75
Practical examples, questions and answers

Setting up the fieldbus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fieldbus interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to enter the start-up data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asynchronous generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Questions about entering start-up data, torque settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Question: Calculating/setting the motor nominal torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Question: Torque set-point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Question: Entering the generator data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Further question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to set parameter 20.01 MINIMUM SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
77
77
77
77
77
79
79
79
79
79
79
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
81
81
81
Table of contents
How to set the maximum speed limit (parameters 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED and 20.11 FREQ TRIP
MARGIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Wind turbine converter in speed control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Wind turbine converter in torque control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Calculation equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Example of calculating the value for parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Effect of maximum speed limitation on the generator torque reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Overvoltage controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Calculation of the pole-pair number of an asynchronous generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
How to calculate nominal frequency when slip is given . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
How to run the generator as a motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Current measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Why does actual signal 01.06 LINE CURRENT indicate a no-load current? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
How to configure the NETA-01 Ethernet Adapter Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
How to create a full Backup Package and save it in the .BPG format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
What is a Backup Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
How to restore a backup file into the RMIO board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
How to save a parameter file (.dwp) to the PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
How to download parameters into the wind turbine converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Tracing the source of warnings, limits and faults
Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Torque limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Speed limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to identify the fault and what to do in a specific fault situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LEDs of the wind turbine converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warning and fault messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to check the line voltage measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
98
98
98
98
99
Control block diagrams

Main control word control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Flux and DTC control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Torque reference chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Table of contents
About this manual

What this chapter contains
This chapter describes the intended audience, purpose and contents of the manual.
The chapter also describes the contents of other related manuals briefly, and
contains information about contacting ABB.
Safety instructions
ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) hardware manual
(3AUA0000023485 [English]) contains the general safety instructions that must be
followed during installation, start-up, maintenance and use of the wind turbine
converter.
Target audience
This manual is intended for people who start-up, use and service the converter.
Read the manual before working on the wind turbine converter. You are expected to
know the fundamentals of electricity, wiring, electrical components and electrical
schematic symbols.
Purpose of the manual

This manual describes the operation of the wind turbine converter system as a
whole. The manual is mainly an introduction in getting to know the converter system
and a start-up guide with detailed examples on how to set the program parameters
to achieve the best system operation.
The information concerning the converter is divided into hardware and firmware
manuals. Subjects covered in each manual are listed in this chapter.
The converter operation is controlled by three control programs and by the wind
turbine converter (WTC) that controls the whole wind turbine system. Thus, the
converter start-up information and instructions are gathered to one manual.
Applicability
This manual describes the ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back).
The manual applies to:
System Control Program version AQSW7XXX
Grid-side Control Program version IWXR73XX
later versions of the programs.
About this manual
10
Contents of this manual

The chapters and appendices of this manual are briefly described below.
About this manual introduces this manual.
System description describes ACS800-77LC (back-to-back), its optional functions,
wind turbine and wind turbine converter control in short. The chapter includes main
circuit and system block diagrams.
Communication interface shows transmitted and received actual signals and
parameters of the turbine controller and the wind turbine converter and describes
non-standard software functions.
Start-up gives instructions on how to start-up the wind turbine converter.
Practical examples, questions and answers contains examples on how to determine
values for critical parameter settings.
Tracing the source of warnings, limits and faults describes the warnings, limits and
faults of the wind turbine converter and refers to descriptions of the warning and fault
messages and LEDs in other manuals.
Control block diagrams contains some control block diagrams of the System Control
Program.
About this manual
11
Contents of other related manuals

The manuals delivered with the converter are listed on the inside of the front cover of
this manual. The table below lists the main subjects in each manual.
Manual / Contents
ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) system description and start-up guide
(3AUA0000040012 [English])
See section Contents of this manual on page 10.
ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) hardware manual (3AUA0000023485
[English])
This manual covers the following subjects about the wind turbine converter:
safety
operation basics
hardware description
type code description
mechanical installation
planning the electrical installation
electrical installation
installation checklist
hardware start-up of the converter
hardware-based fault tracing
maintenance
description, instructions and technical data of the internal cooling system
RMIO board specification
technical data.
Grid-side control program for ACS800 wind turbine converters firmware manual
(3AUA0000075077 [English])
This manual describes the program controlling the grid-side converter. The following chapters apply to
the grid-side converter of ACS800-77LC (back-to-back):
Actual signals and parameters
Fault tracing.
System Control Program Firmware Manual (3AFE64670646 [English])

This manual describes the program controlling the generator-side converter. The following chapters
apply to the generator-side converter of ACS800-77LC (back-to-back):
Actual signals and parameters
Fault tracing.
Interface Description
This is a technical specification which describes the customer-specific data set receive and transmit
addresses for fieldbus communication.
Option manuals
The option manuals describe the options.
About this manual
12
DriveWindow
DriveWindow 2 Users Manual (3BFE64560981 [English]) describes the use of the
DriveWindow PC tool.
Product and service inquiries

Address any inquiries about the product to your local ABB representative. A listing of
ABB sales, support and service contacts can be found by navigating to
www.abb.com/drives and selecting Sales, Support and Service network on the right
pane.
When contacting ABB, quote the type code and serial number of the unit in question.
In fault situations, the problem solving is faster if you send us
fault logger data
data logger data
parameter files from the grid-side and generator-side converter control programs
and the wind turbine configuration and control program.
In DriveWindow,
save the parameters with the File / Parameters / Save as command to a .dwp file
copy the fault data from the Fault logger view and paste it to a .txt file
copy the graphs from the Data logger view.
Product training
For information on ABB product training, navigate to www.abb.com/drives and select
Training courses on the right pane.
Providing feedback on ABB Drives manuals

Your comments on our manuals are welcome. Go to www.abb.com/drives and select
Document Library Manuals feedback form (LV AC drives) on the right pane.
About this manual
13
Abbreviations and terms

Abbreviation
Explanation
ACU
Auxiliary Control Unit. Contains auxiliary control devices.
AINT
Main Circuit Interface Board. Interface for RMIO and main circuit.
APBU
PPCS Branching Unit. Branches commands and information from the INU and ISU
RMIO boards to the respective converters. Likewise, the communication from INU
and ISU converters is transmitted to their RMIO boards via the branching units.
DDCS
Distributed Drives Communication System (a communication protocol used in

optical fibre communication inside and between ABB drives)
DTC
Direct Torque Control
INU
Inverter Unit. Forms the generator-side converter.
IGBT
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor. A voltage-controlled semiconductor type widely

used in converters due to their easy controllability and high switching frequency.
ISU
IGBT Supply Unit. Forms the grid-side converter.
LCL
Passive line filter
NAMU
Auxiliary Measuring Unit. Performs optional grid voltage measurement for IGBT
supply unit RMIO board (+F276).
NDBU
DDCS Branching Unit. Branches the commands and information from the WTA
RMIO board to the ISU RMIO board(s). Likewise, the communication is
transmitted in the contrary direction.
NETA
Ethernet Adapter Module. Optional module for browser-based remote monitoring

of the wind turbine converter via Ethernet.
NWPM
Modbus Adapter Module
PPCS
Power Plate Communication System (a communication protocol used in the

optical fibre link that controls the output semiconductors of a converter.
R8i
Generator-side or grid-side converter module frame size
RAIO
Analogue I/O Extension Module. Provides additional analogue inputs and outputs.
RDCO
DDCS Communication Option Module. A satellite board that can be snapped on

the RMIO board to add the no. of fibre optic channels available. In ACS800-77LC,
the RDCO is installed as standard onto the grid-side and generator-side converter
unit RMIO boards.
RDCU
Drive Control Unit. The RMIO board is encapsulated in a casing called RDCU
Drive Control Unit. The unit is fastened with two screws onto a DIN rail leaving the
input and output terminals of the RMIO board accessible.
RDIO
Digital I/O extension module (optional)
RETA
Ethernet Adapter module
RMBA
Modbus Adapter Module (optional)
RMIO
Motor Control and I/O Board. The wind turbine converter is equipped with one
RMIO board for controlling the inverter unit(s) and one RMIO board for each IGBT
supply unit.
The board contains the control program and the input and output control
connections for the unit(s) it is connected to. In ACS800-77LC, the user I/O
connections are wired from the RMIO boards to the right-hand side of the wind
turbine converter cabinet for easier installation.
The RMIO boards are located in the ACU cubicle.
The RMIO board is commonly used in ACS800 series products.
RRIA
Resolver Interface Module (optional)
THD
Total Harmonic Distortion
About this manual
14
About this manual
Abbreviation
Explanation
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply
15
System description

This chapter describes the ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) and
converter control in short. The chapter includes main circuit and system block
diagrams.
General
Components of a wind turbine converter system
The components of a wind turbine converter system are shown below.
Gear box
User control cabinet
Rotor
Nacelle
Blade
Generator
Transformer
Yaw motors
Wind turbine converter

(in downtower service room)
System description
16
ACS800-77LC (back-to-back)
ACS800-77LC (back-to-back) is a liquid-cooled converter for controlling AC
generators in wind turbine applications. It can be used with squirrel-cage induction
generators. The converter is totally enclosed, the degree of protection is IP54 as
standard.
The converter is designed to be installed in a downtower service room of the turbine.
The converter is connected between the generator and the power line. Full
generator power flows through the converter (refer to section Full-converter system,
page 17). The system is typically equipped with a gearbox between the generator
and wind turbine rotor to adapt the generator speed to the turbine rotor speed. The
converter adapts to the slightly varying generator speed and ensures that the
frequency and phasing of the current fed to the supply line match the power line
frequency and phase.
A block diagram of the converter system is shown below.
Generator
-side
converter
Grid-side
converter
DC and filter
Main
circuit
breaker
Converter control
1024 kV,
50/60 Hz
Medium voltage
switchgear
Gearbox
Generator
Brake
Rotor
bearing
System description
Pitch
drive
Line coupling
transformer
Fieldbus
Wind turbine control
17
Full-converter system
In a windmill, the turbine rotor transforms kinetic wind power into rotational shaft
power. Respectively, the generator transfers the mechanical power on its shaft to
electric AC current. The converter converts the AC current from the generator to DC
current and back to AC current which it feeds to the electrical power network. The
system enables speed and torque control of the generator shaft and independent
active and reactive current control at the grid side. A full-converter system differs
greatly from a system where power is fed directly from the generator stator to the
electrical power network and the frequency and speed of the generator are tightly
bound to the power network.
The full-converter system control principle is illustrated in the figure below.
P = T
I T
P nwind3
Wind turbine converter
Pact = 3 Uline I cos

2
Qact = 3 Uline I 1 - cos

INU
DC
ISU
Tref
INU control
Generator
Pref = f (UDC,ref - UDC,act)

Qref
Fieldbus
adapter
Tref, Qref
Pitch
drive
Wind turbine control
Uline denotes line-to-line voltage, I phase current
System description
18
Control of generator power

The generator power can be controlled by adjusting torque or speed:
P = T = T
2 n
60
where
P
generator power (W)
generator torque (Nm)
angular speed of the generator
generator speed (rpm).
In normal operation, the converter controls the generator torque. The overriding
turbine controller gives a torque reference to the converter which generates a
specific torque on the generator shaft. Simultaneously, wind rotates the turbine and
generates a counter-torque on the generator shaft. The wind power defines the
rotation speed to which the converter adapts. The overriding turbine controller
defines the needed torque reference as a function of wind speed and turbine
characteristics. An example power-speed-curve is shown below. It illustrates the
operational speed range of the turbine between the cut-in and cut-out speeds. Cut-in
speed is the minimum wind speed at which power generation is reasonable. Cut-out
speed is the maximum operating speed.
Generator speed (rpm)
Turbine power (kW)

2700
Power optimization
Power limitation
1600
2400
1400
2100
1200
1800
1000
1500
800
1200
600
900
400
600
200
300
0
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Wind speed (m/s)

Cut-in speed
System description
Cut-out speed
19
A speed reference is needed, for example, to run the rotor to a certain position for
maintenance. This control method is not suitable for continuous power generation.
The converter speed control attains the desired speed by giving an internal torque
reference that matches the desired shaft speed.
Operational speed range of a typical wind turbine
Wind power increases cubically as wind speed increases:
Pw =
cp( , )
2
Ar vw3
where
Pw
wind power
air density
cp
performance coefficient, tip speed ratio, pitch angle
Ar
rotor surface
vw
wind speed.
There is a minimum wind speed at which power generation is reasonable and a

maximum speed at which the turbine can be operated safely. At a certain wind
speed, the turbine controller must limit the rotor speed by changing the pitch angle.
Control of reactive power
The grid-side converter of the wind turbine converter can control reactive power
independently of speed and active power. The maximum reactive current capacity is
approximately 80 percent of the active current capacity and depends on the rating of
the grid-side converter and on the electrical power system voltage.
System description
20
An example curve of reactive power capability as a function of the active power is

shown below.
Q (kVAr)
1500
1000
Converter
nominal power
Reactive
power
capability at
nominal power
500
500
1000
1500
2000
P (kW)
-500
-1000
-1500
Asynchronous generator
An asynchronous generator needs a magnetizing current to generate magnetic flux
inside the generator. The generator-side converter feeds this magnetizing current to
the generator. When the converter stops modulating, the flux gradually disappears
and the voltage at the generator terminals diminishes close to zero.
System description
21
The example below illustrates the generator speed control in different wind speed
ranges.
Generator shaft speed when
gearbox is used (rpm)
Rotor speed
(rpm)

Shut-down by turbine safety system nA
Shut-down by turbine control system n4
n3
n2
nr
Operating range
n1n3 within which the
rotational speed is
under normal operating
conditions
2100

1900

1700

900

n1
Vin
Vr
Wind speed
(m/s)
Vout VA
Generator rotational speeds:

nmax = maximum overspeed which may never be exceeded, not even momentarily
n1
nr
= minimum operating speed

= rated speed ie, rotational speed at rated wind speed Vr
n2
= set value of the speed used above rated wind speed Vr. The rotational speed deviates upwards
or downwards from n2 only by the standard tolerance.
n3
= maximum operating speed

= cut-out speed ie, the speed at which the turbine control system must immediately shut down
the wind turbine. The maximum speed of the converter is set by parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM
SPEED Over it, the converter trips to overspeed ie, torque will be controlled to zero and the
stator contactor(s) opened. See section How to set the maximum speed limit (parameters
20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED and 20.11 FREQ TRIP MARGIN) on page 81. For description of the
emergency stop of category 0, see page 28.
n4
nA
= activation speed ie, the rotational speed at which the turbine safety system must be triggered
immediately.
System description
22
Overview of wind turbine converter interfaces

An overview of the converter interfaces is shown below.
The wind turbine controller (WTC) controls the converter using the converter main
control word. For more information, refer to chapter Communication interface, page
39.
The start-up procedure of the converter is performed with the DriveWindow PC tool.
With the NETA Ethernet adapter, the user can remotely monitor the converter fault
diagnostic data loggers and change control program parameters numbered below
100. For more information, see NETA-01 Ethernet Adapter Module User-s Manual
(3AFE64605062 [English]).
System description
23
Converter control
General
The wind turbine controller operates as the overriding controller of the wind turbine
converter. It is connected to the RMIO board of the generator-side converter via
fieldbus. The generator-side converter control program controls the generator-side
converter according to the references and commands sent by the overriding
controller.
The generator-side converter RMIO board communicates with the grid-side
converter RMIO board and its grid-side control program.
The transmitted and received actual signals and parameters are shown in chapter
Communication interface, page 58.
Fieldbus control
The fieldbus control of the grid-side converter is performed via the generator-side
converter RMIO board. The principle of reference and actual value chains in the
control are shown in the diagram below. For a detailed diagram with parameter
names, refer to chapter Communication interface, page 58.
System description
24
Block diagram of the main circuit with printed circuit boards

This diagram shows the main circuit and the printed circuit board connections of the
wind turbine converter.
System description
25
Printed circuit board connections

Cabinet layout
A view of the cabinet layout with doors opened is shown below.
ISU cubicles
Coolant
Description
Line filter (LCL filter)
Charging components
DC fuses
IGBT supply modules
AC fuses
PT100 sensor connections
System description
26
INU and control unit cubicles
Coolant
7
3
System description
Description
Control electronics and grid voltage

measurement (pull-out frame)
Inverter modules
Customer communications
DC fuses
Generator connection (U2, V2, W2)
Main circuit breaker/grid-side breaker
Supply connection (L1, L2, L3)
27
Block diagram
The printed circuit board connections are shown below.
System description
28
Safety
Emergency stop of category 0
Note: Because of customers request, in wind turbine converters manufactured
since January 2010 there is no safety relay installed in the emergency stop circuit.
For this reason, the converter does not comply with the European Low Voltage
Directive according to emergency stop requirements in standards EN 61800-5-1 and
EN 60204-1. Ensure that the aforementioned requirements are fulfilled and the
emergency stop circuit functions properly before commissioning the converter.
The wind turbine converter is equipped with an emergency stop function of category
0 as standard.
Category 0 definition
EN 60204-1 defines category 0 emergency stop as a stop by immediate removal of
power to machine actuators.
Implementation of category 0 stop in the wind turbine converter
The category 0 emergency stop opens the air circuit breaker(s) and the optional
contactor(s) switching off the supply power and coasting the generator to stop.
Applicable standards
The emergency stop complies with the following standards:
EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part
1: General requirements
EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery Emergency stop equipment, functional
aspects Principles for design
EN ISO 12100:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for
design
EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems
Part 1: General principles for design
EN ISO 13849-2:2003, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control
systems Part 2: Validation.
System description
29
Operation
The category 0 emergency stop ie, immediate removal of power, operates as
follows.
L1 L2 L3
230 VAC
Emergency stop pushbutton (not included in
the delivery)
Air circuit
breaker
The user presses the turbine

emergency stop push-button.
The air circuit breaker(s) and

optional contactor(s) open.
Optional
contactor
The generator coasts to stop.
G
3~
Wiring
Wire the emergency stop and reset push-buttons to connector X5 at the side of the
wind turbine converter cabinet. See the circuit diagram delivered with the converter.
Start-up
See EMERGENCY STOP CIRCUIT TEST on page 74.
Use
To activate the emergency stop:
Push the emergency stop push-button.
The emergency stop activates and the button

locks in the ON position.
System description
30
To deactivate the emergency stop:

Step
What to do
1.
What happens
WARNING!
Ensure that it is safe to apply the input voltage:

it is safe to start the generator
all cabinet doors are closed.
2.
Turn the emergency stop push-button until the

button releases.
3.
Give a reset command to connector X5 (pins 5

and 6) by pressing the reset push-button.
4.
Give the wind turbine converter a start

command (rising edge) through fieldbus or
DriveWindow (remote control active).
Note: According to IEC/EN 60204-1 a reset
shall not initiate a restart.
The emergency stop deactivates.
The air circuit breaker(s) and optional

contactor(s) close. The grid-side
converter charges. The generator-side
converter and generator become live.
Grid fault ride-through

As the amount of wind power increases the need for accurate protective systems
increases as well. The significance of the wind energy production is no longer
negligible and therefore disconnections of large groups of wind turbines cannot be
accepted, unless it is absolutely necessary. A massive disconnection of wind power
production may lead to a power system collapse.
However, electrical and electronic equipment may be affected by voltage dips, short
interruptions or voltage variations of power supply. Voltage dips/sags and short
interruptions are caused by faults in the network, primarily short circuits in
installations or by sudden large changes of load. Consequently, different kinds of
requirements are specified in international grid codes (see section Grid codes on
page 35).
If the ACS800-77LC (back-to-back) full power converter is not equipped with a brake
chopper, it is necessary to reduce the counter torque on the generator shaft to avoid
a DC link overvoltage situation. To prevent the DC voltage from exceeding the
overvoltage control limit, the overvoltage controller automatically decreases the
generating torque when the limit is reached. The figure and diagram below illustrate
the overvoltage control performance during a grid fault ride-through (GFRT) when
the brake chopper is not used:
System description
31
IP_GRID (=IP_GEN) & IQ_GRID
IP_GEN
WTT
=
LCL
GND
WPT
II
ISU
INU
ASG
GB
III
124.03 DC OVERVOLT LIMIT
1.2
124.19 OV ENABLE LIMIT

1.10 DC VOLTAGE (ISU)
1.0
0.9
1.11 MAINS VOLTAGE (ISU)
124.17 OV GEN SIDE STEP (INU)

1.08 MOTOR TORQUE (INU)
Under overvoltage control, the converter does not follow the torque reference given
by the WTC during the grid fault ride-through event but tries to keep the torque as
high as possible. Therefore, the turbine rotor speed may rise and the pitch control
must keep the generator speed in the allowed range (defined by parameters 20.01
MINIMUM SPEED and 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED). Otherwise, the wind turbine
converter will trip.
System description
32
The diagram below illustrates the converter performance during a GFRT when the
brake chopper is not used:
I
II
III
P.U.
DC OVERVOLT TRIP
1.2
DC OVERVOLT LIM
1.0
UDC link
OV ENABLE LIMIT
0.9
IQ_GRID
IP_GRID = IP_GEN
0.5
UL-L_GRID
0
0
150
250
ms
RT bit set to 1 by the converter
QREF/VREF sent from the WTC to the converter

1.0
0.9
TREF/PREF sent from the WTC to the converter
Within ZONE I:
Grid fault is detected by the ISU and "RT bit" is set to one (line number 1). "RT bit"
can be read via grid-side converter (ISU) parameter 8.01 MAIN STATUS WORD
(bit 11 indicates the states of the RT function).
ISU modulation may stop for a while during the first cycle after a grid fault
introduced to avoid an overcurrent tripping situation (depending the severity of
the grid fault):
System description
33
- Converter operation during a grid fault event if the ISU modulation stops:
i
DC link voltage (line number 2) may reach the upper limit of UDC OV
CTRL (overvoltage control). When this limit is reached the generator actual
shaft torque is limited down to zero by the generator-side converter (INU).
ii
ISU starts to modulate and the GFRT function of the ISU is activated
(IP_GRID,IP_GEN (line number 3) and/or IPQ_GRID (line number 4) control). The QREF or VREF (line number 5) reference value sent from the
WTC to the ISU is neglected.
iii
PREF or TREF (line number 6) value sent from the WTC to the INU is used
as reference. However, the actual generator shaft torque might be limited
by the INU control to avoid a converter overvoltage tripping situation.
- Converter operation during a grid fault event if the ISU modulation does not
stop:
i
DC link voltage (line number 2) may cross the lower level of UDC OV
CTRL. If this limit is reached, the INU starts to limiting the actual torque of
the generator to keep the level of DC link voltage within the acceptable
level (between upper and lower level of UDC OV CTRL).
ii
GFRT function of the ISU is activated immediately (Ip_GRID,Ip_GEN (line

number 3) and/or Iq_GRID (line number 4) control). The QREF or VREF
(line number 5) reference value sent by the WTC to the ISU is neglected.
iii
PREF or TREF (line number 6) value sent from the WTC to the INU is
used as reference. However, the actual generator shaft torque might be
limited by the INU control to avoid a converter overvoltage tripping situation.
Within ZONE II:

GFRT-specific requirements are applied (IQ (line number 4) and/or IP (line
number 3)).
Within ZONE III:
"RT bit" is restored back to zero and the GFRT function is ended.
Generator counter torque is ramped up according to parameter setting 124.17 OV
GEN SIDE STEP and WTC reference value (PREF/TREF).
After ZONE III:
GFRT function is not active anymore and the converter follows the reference
values sent by the WTC (QREF/VREF, PREF/TREF).
The parameter settings of the GFRT function can be adjusted by the user (in the grid
codes respectively). The main levels and meanings are described in the figure and
the table below:
System description
34
41.07 GS IQREF LEVEL 1
Urms & Iqrms

[p.u]

1.0
40.10 RT U/Un LEVEL1

41.03 GS U/Un LEVEL 1
0.9
124.17 OV GEN SIDE STEP


0
40.13 RT U/Un DELTA t1
150
t [ms]
1350
Ride-through levels (ISU):

If mains voltage is below limit RT U/Un LEVEL1, "RT bit" is enabled.
If mains voltage is below level 2, the converter trips on the RT NET LOST fault.
Defines the maximum time (t1) the grid voltage is allowed to stay under the level
defined by 40.10 RT U/Un LEVEL1.
Defines the time (t2) after which the RT NET LOST trip level starts to increase
from level 2 to level 1.
Grid support levels (ISU):

Defines grid support level 1. When the voltage falls below level 1, the grid is supported by feeding reactive capacitive current.
Defines grid support level 2. When the voltage falls below level 2, the grid is supported by feeding reactive capacitive.
Defines grid support level 3. When the voltage falls below level 3, the grid is supported by feeding reactive capacitive current.
Defines grid support level 4. When the voltage falls below level 4, the grid is supported by feeding reactive capacitive.
Defines the reactive current for 41.03 GS U/Un LEVEL 1. Value in percent of
04.05 CONV NOM CURRENT.
System description
35
Torque/power ramping (INU):

124.17 OV GEN SIDE STEP
Defines the torque ramping time for the generator when overvoltage control is
activated (eg if 124.17 OV GEN SIDE STEP is set to 0.1, the nominal torque
(100%) is not restored until 1000 ms).
The RT area in the voltage dip drawing above is defined with parameters 40.10,
40.11, 40.13, and 40.14. If the grid transient lasts longer than defined by time
parameters, the converter trips on the RT NET LOST fault.
Grid codes
Grid codes are defined typically at the high or medium voltage side of the
transmission grid. The transmission grid configuration determines how the grid
codes are reflected to the low voltage side. The turbine manufacturer is responsible
for fulfilling the requirements of the transmission system operator.
The wind turbine converter is an important factor in the turbine operation and fulfilling
the grid codes. ACS800-77LC (back-to-back) has been tested according to the
applicable parts of the following grid codes:
REE P.O.12.3
RED ELCTRICA DE ESPAA P.O.12.3 Operation requirements in front of

voltage deeps in wind power installations
E.ON Netz GmbH
Grid code for high and extra high voltage, 1st April 2006.
System description
36
Example limit curves

According to this example specification, fault-related symmetrical voltage dips may
not cause instability above the limit line 1 or disconnection of the generating plant
from the grid. The limit curves for voltage at the grid connection in case of a fault in
the grid are shown below. U denotes the grid voltage and UN the converter nominal
voltage.
U/UN (%)
Long-term remaining voltage level after fault

clearance
Limit line 1
100
Ride-through required, no
reactive power requirement
Ride-through and reactive
power required
Tripping
Limit line 2
Normal operation
0
0
t1
t2
t3 Time
Fault occurs
Description of parameter settings

The parameter settings of the grid fault ride-through function are described in section
SETTING UP THE GRID FAULT RIDE-THROUGH on page 66.
Heating
The wind turbine converter is not equipped with a heating element. Thus, it must be
heated using the coolant circuit. The external liquid cooling unit shall be equipped
with a heater capable of heating the converter up within a reasonable time.
Temperatures in each cubicle are monitored separately by using thermostats with a
fixed set-point of 10 5 C. The heating control logic of the converter requests the
starting of the pump/heating from the external cooling unit. The heating request (+24
V DC = heating, 0 V = no heating) is wired to pin 16 on terminal X5 at the side of the
wind turbine converter cabinet.
Note: The cooling unit must always be equipped with a proper overtemperature
protection device(s).
The operation of the converter temperature control logic is described below in two
different circumstances: cold start and normal start.
System description
37
Cold start (-30 C +10 C)

The auxiliary 230 V AC power is connected to connectors X1 and X2. At first, the
auxiliary power is not switched on and the printed circuit boards are not energized.
Temperature sensors control relays K7, K9 and K10. Heating and start pump
requests to the external liquid cooling unit are given if the temperature of one cubicle
is too low. When the converter is heated up properly (T > 10 C), auxiliary power to
the printed circuit boards is switched on by using relay K8. The relay stays energized
unless auxiliary power is switched off from connector X2 with circuit breaker F11
because of a fault. The heating and start pump requests for the cooling unit change
automatically from on to off when heating is not needed any more and vice versa.
The cooling fans inside the wind turbine converter cabinet start when heating is
requested.
Normal start (-30 C +10 C)
When relay K8 has been energized by the cold start procedure described above, the
wind turbine converter gives heating and start pump requests to the liquid cooling
unit when the cubicle temperature decreases below 10 C. When the temperature
rises above 10 C, the converter disconnects the heating request.
System description
38
Circuit diagram
The diagram below shows the principle of the heating control logic of the wind
turbine converter.
System description
39
This chapter includes control sequence examples using the ABB Drives
communication profile. The Main Control Word (MCW) is the principal means of
controlling the wind turbine converter from an external control system. The Control
Word is sent to the converter by the external control system. The converter switches
between its states according to the bit-coded instructions of the Control Word. The
Main Status Word (MSW) contains status information, sent to the external control
system by the converter.
The following non-standard software functions are also described: power reference,
voltage reference UAC, alarm and fault clearing, and mailbox writing to the ISU.
General about communication and control

The following figure describes the communication between the converter and the
WTC.
40
HPPP - High
Performance
ParkPilot
I-Box
WTC (Wind Turbine Controller)

Digital I/O
Modbus master board
ABB Wind Turbine Drive cabinet
Ethernet adapter
module
SLOT1
RDCU ctrl board

SW: AQSW7xxx
digital inputs
(DI1)
RETA-01
Modbus/TCP
INU
RS485 38.4 kBaud
RDCU ctrl board

SW: IWXR72xx
HW signals
HW signals
ISU
EMERGENCY STOP
relay outputs
(RO3)
RAIO-01
AI/O EXTENSION
MODULE
SLOT2
RDCO
PPCC
DDCS
R8i
DC
R8i
APBU
R8i
R8i
R8i
R8i
R8i
LCL
Modbus adapter
module
DDCS module
DDCS INU-ISU
PPCC
APBU
MCB
NWPM-01
RDCO
DDCS module
690 V
HEALTHY SIGNAL
R8i
PT100
R8i
PT100
The WTC system controls the converter via the Modbus fieldbus and it is needed
only between the WTC and the INU. The converter system has internal
communication links between the INU and ISU.
The Main Control Word is a common control to start and stop system.
The system includes also HW signal digital input DI2 RUN ENABLE to stop the
system if the communication link is out of order. Also the fault indication is wired from
relay output RO3 from the INU to the WTC.
Digital I/O in the INU
The emergency stop function is wired to DI1 of the INU. The control for this comes
from WTC.
Relay Output 3 is used as the HEALTHY signal using the closing contact. When RO3
is energized, it means that the status is HEALTHY (no faults).
41
Power reference
Power reference is sent either from the WTC or HPPP Park Control. The power
reference source is selected from the WTC.
432:(55()$''

45()6(/(&7
432:(55()6(/
3(5&(17
N9$U
36,,
&263+,
,B55()
8B$&5()

432:(55()
3$5$0
$,
$,
$,
3$5$0

5$03,1*
432:(55()

432:5$0383
432:5$03'2:1
3,
)OX[UHIIRU
K\VWHUHVLV
FRQWURO

5($&7,9(32:(5
432:(55()6(/ ,B55()
,B55()LQSXW
RI
,&219B120

/3)
VTUW

432:(55()RXWSXW
RI3&219B120

120&855(17 0$,1692/7$*(
12032:(5
432:(55()6(/ 8B$&5()
8B$&5()LQSXW
RI
8$&B120
3,

/3)

$&&75*$,1
$&&75,17(*7,0(
432:(55()
RXWSXW
RI
3&219B120
3,FRQWUROOHURXWSXW
432:(55()

12092/7$*( 0$,1692/7$*(
Power reference is ramped up during the start sequence to guarantee soft starting.
The power reference chain includes the PI regulator to compensate losses of the
converter system. A small correction term of the PI regulator output is added to
POWER REF from the WTC. However, in case of a network dip situation, POWER
REF follows a minimum value of POWER REF FROM WTC, P LIMITED or
Temperature limited power reference (limited according to the inlet temperature of
the ISU). The power reference can also be fine-tuned with a scaling factor and an
offset term.
42
40.11 PREF OFFSET
ADD
POWER REF
FROM WTC
POWER REF
MIN
ADD
POWER REF FINAL
40.08 POWER FINE

TUNING
SUB
PI
1.08 POWER from ISU

1.28 P LIMITED from ISU
40.07 GEN MAX
LIM
LIM
ISU INLET TEMPERATURE
Ethernet communication
The power set point from the HPPP is not actually used by the converter. However,
the power set point value from the HPPP is transferred via MODBUS/TCP to the ISU
and further to the INU to be read by the WTC via the RS485 modbus link (see signal
5.04 in the INU).
Address for the power reference from the HPPP is 41903 in the WTC (parameter
19.01 DATA 1 in the ISU).
Address for the voltage reference from the HPPP is 41902 in the WTC (parameter
19.02 DATA 2 in the ISU).
Main Status Word of the converter can be read from address 41903 to the HPPP
(parameter 19.03 DATA 3 in the ISU).
Voltage reference UAC

Voltage reference is sent either from the WTC using RS-485 Modbus or from Park
Control via Ethernet (address 41902). The closed loop time for the control loop must
be < 500 ms. Voltage reference source is selected by the WTC by means of Main
Control Word bit 14.
43
Alarm and fault clearing

The latest alarms and faults are cleared with the rising edge of MCW bit 11.
I1
WR-I
TRIGG
+7.01.11
GROUP
C103
INDEX
I2
C0
C0
C28
I3
IN
103.28
CLEAR 5 LATEST
ALARMS AND
FAULTS
Flux reference
The flux reference is scaled:
010000 units from the WTC equals 0100% of the flux reference.
Input for the reference is parameter 19.04 DATA 4. The application program rescales
input to 27.03 FLUX REF by dividing it by 10. Then it equals parameter 27.03 FLUX
REF scaling. Refer to the INU software manual for more details.
At start-up, the reference is kept at 100% for a period of time defined by parameter
40.10 START FLUX T to ensure smooth starting.
44
Mailbox writing to the ISU

With the Mailbox, ISU parameter values can be edited. Writing is only possible
through DS24 and only to ISU parameters. Writing via parameters 91.0491.06 is
not possible. The function does not return the value of the transmitted address.
ADVANT COMMUNICATION
Mailbox communication
INU
Transmit data
Transmit to
Address
Extended mailbox
mailbox function
Extended mailbox
function
Transmit data
Transmit to
Address
Inquire from
Address
ISU
Transmit data
Transmit to
Address
Inquire from
Address
Transmit Address
feedback
PARAMETER
TABLE
Inquired Address
feedback
Inquired data
Mailbox reading of ISU and INU

Wiith the extended mailbox function, ISU and INU parameter addresses can be read
and their values written to INU datasets 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37 and 39. The parameter
addresses to be read are defined with INU parameters 93.07 to 93.27. The
application cycles through each of these parameters and reads the address. For INU
parameters, the value is written to the corresponding dataset. For ISU parameters,
the value is queried with the extended mailbox function between the INU and ISU.
45
The corresponding dataset is updated if the transmit and return addresses are the
same, in other words, the requested ISU parameter exists.
READ FROM DS
ADVANT COMMUNICATION
Mailbox communication with NWPM-01
INU
Parameters 93.07 93.27

(correspond to DS27-39)
SELECTOR
Application runs through each parameter,
checks if reading is from INU (<10000) or ISU
(>10000).
PARAMETER
TABLE
Datasets 27 - 39
Inquired Data is written to datasets that
correspond to parameters 93.07-93.27
Check that inquiry
address and
feedback are equal
DS33:3
DS33:2
DS33:1
Inquire from
Address
DS32:3
ISU
DS32:1
Transmit to
Address (not used)
DS32:2
Transmit data
(not used)
Transmit data
Transmit to
Address
Inquire from
Address
Transmit Address
feedback
PARAMETER
TABLE
Inquired Address
feedback
Inquired data
46
Starting sequence
The starting sequence of the wind turbine converter is shown below.
47
Polarities of reference and actual values

The following figure shows the polarities of the reference signals.
Cable connection:
25.01 TORQ REF A
Wind
Turbine
Controller
U2
V2
W2
19.01 DATA 1
Power reference
U
V
W
Positive reference in
25.01 TORQ REF A
causes power
generation to the
network when the rotor
of the generator rotates
clockwise.
+ ref = power reference

INU
1.01 MOTOR
SPEED FILT
5.03 POWER
Power actual
+ = to network
- = to generator
*)
ISU
Sign: + act
+ ref = voltage reference
+ ref = capacitive current

- ref = inductive current
+ ref = flux reference
+ act = generator speed
19.02 DATA 2
Voltage reference
Cable connection:
U2
V2
W2
Positive reference in
25.01 TORQ REF A
causes power
generation to the
network when the rotor
of the generator rotates
counterclockwise.
V
U
W
19.03 DATA 3
Reactive current
reference
19.04 DATA 4
Flux reference
Terms used here:

ISU = IGBT Supply Unit = Grid-side
converter
INU = Inverter Unit = Generator-side
converter
1.01
MOTOR SPEED FILT
Sign: + act
*) ISU parameter 16.14 POWER SIGN

CHANGE = YES
Power reference is sent from the WTC to the INU as relative reference: value 10000
= 1.2 x nominal power of the generator. This reference is divided by speed to
calculate torque reference to input 25.01 TORQUE REF A.
48
Examples of control sequences

Fault reset, system start and stop
Step
Command
MCW
command
Comments
MSW bits after the command

3
NA
Fault situation
Fault
RESET
4F7h
Fault is reset
RDY ON
476h
Control to the Ready

ON state
CHARGE
477h
ISU is charged and the

breaker closed
Status: 5.10 LSU
STATUS Word bit 1
(RDY_RUN) is TRUE
RDY RUN
1477h
ISU starts modulation.

Run state
RDY REF
147Fh

Ref state
(RUN = 1)
Stop INU
1477h
Control to stop INU

modulation
(RUN = 0)
Stop ISU
modulation
477h
Control to stop ISU

modulation (the main
breaker is still closed)
Status: 5.10 LSU
STATUS WORD bit 2
(RDY_REF) is FALSE
Open ISU
main
breaker
476h
Open the ISU main

breaker
Status: 5.10 LSU
STATUS WORD bit 1
(RDY_RUN) is FALSE
49
Normal system start and stop

Step
Command
MCW
command
Comments
MSW bits after the command

3
RDY ON
476h
At Ready On state
waiting for starting of
the system
CHARGE
477h
ISU is charged and the

breaker closed
Status: 5.10 LSU
STATUS WORD bit 1
(RDY_RUN) 0 -> 1
RDY RUN
1477h
ISU starts modulation

Run state
RDY REF
147Fh

Ref state
(RUN = 1)
Stop INU
1477h
Control to stop INU

modulation
(RUN = 0)
Stop ISU
modulation
477h
Control to stop ISU

modulation (the main
breaker is still closed)
Status: 5.10 LSU
STATUS WORD bit 2
(RDY_REF) is FALSE
Open ISU
main
breaker
476h
Open the ISU main

breaker
Status: 5.10 LSU
STATUS WORD bit 1
(RDY_RUN) 1 -> 0
The Line Supply Unit modulation can be separately started and stopped after the
charging by using 7.01 MCW bit 12. This is selected by parameter 95.06 LSU RUN
MCW BIT = 12. The system can be stopped freely according to the following
diagram and also using the HW-based converter shut down (main supply
disconnection).
50
Inactive
Reset by MCW = 0x4F7, if fault is indicated in MSW 8.01 b3 = TRUE.
To Ready On state: MCW = 0x476
Turbine ready to produce energy / Start charging: MCW = 0x477
Charging
Turbine Stop /
Cut out
converter
MCW: 0x0476
Charging ready
Charged,
MCB closed
Charging finished 5.10 LSU STATUS WORD bit 2 = TRUE,

MSW bits 0 is TRUE.
Start modulation of Line Supply Unit, MCW: 0x1477
Low wind /
Stop
Modulation of
Line Supply Unit
MCW: 0x477
Line Supply Unit

Running (ISU)
Sufficient Wind / Start converter
MCW: 0x147F
Starting Converter
Generator is running
about 800 rpm
Converter running (MSW bit 0, 1, 2 is TRUE)

Low wind /
Stop generator
converter
MCW: 0x1477
Running
Signals in the Modbus link with the NWPM-01 module

Note: Each Fieldbus data word (CW, REF, DW) is 16-bit long.
Note: Below is a list of typical controls and signals to be used by the WTC.
From the WTC to the ABB converter with NWPM-01
When function code 16 of Modbus is used for the first time to update values 27...50,
the addresses of data blocks should be selected so that they map to the first data
item of a data set within the ABB converter. Allowed starting addresses are 27, 30,
33, 36, 39, 42, 45 and 48. The length of a data block should be divisible by 3. Data
length = 8 can be used if the data item of the last contained data set is not configured
for any use in the ABB converter.
51
Later (when all reference values are updated at least once) the starting address and
data length of the messages of function code 16 can be chosen freely between 27...
50. However the message length should not exceed 8 and the address of the last
data item should not exceed 50.
Function code 6 (Single write) can be used either directly to the parameter or via
data sets using address area 2750. However writing via data sets should not be
used before all data items in the same data set are configured by using function
code 16.
Note: All updating to reference values within 27... 50 go from NWPM-01 to the ABB
converter as data sets of 3 items.
If the message from the WTC does not specify some of the 3 items, NWPM-01
sends the previously specified value or the 0 value, if the WTC has never specified a
value. It is not sufficient to specify "unused" values of data sets by sending
respective values to "parameter addresses" (= addresses >99). NPWM-01 does not
know how the data set items are cross-connected to parameters of the ABB
converter. In other words, NPWM-01 does not know the values of parameters 90.01
- 91.06.
It is not necessary to obey these rules about first updates if the later omitted data
values are not configured for any purpose in 90.01 - 91.06.
Destination signals and parameters can be freely selected by using parameters in
group 90 and 91.
WTC references/
parameter sets
ABB wind turbine converter signal and

parameter description
Signal/
parameter
selection
DW1
Address:
27
POWER
REFERENCE
Power reference to the converter

Range: 0100% == 01.2 x PGEN_NOM
Integer scaling: 010000
90.01 (DS10.1)
Value: 1901
DW2
Address:
28
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
UAC Voltage reference for the ISU

Range: 800010000 (90110%)
90.02 (DS10.2)
Value: 1902
DW3
Address:
29
FLUX
REFERENCE
10000 (110%) == 1.1 x UAC_NOM

Generator flux reference
Range: 010000,
10000 = 100% == max. flux of generator
Integer scaling: 010000
90.03 (DS10.3)
Value: 1904
52
WTC references/
parameter sets
DW4
Address:
30
CONTROL
WORD
DW5
Address:
31
REACTIVE
CURRENT
REF
DW22
Address:
48

Signal 7.01 MAIN CONTROL WORD
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
Bit 6
Bit 7
Bit 8
Bit 9
Bit 10
Bit 11
Bit 12
Bit 13
Bit 14
Bit 15
Signal/
parameter
selection
90.04 (DS12.1)
Value: 701
ON/OFF1
OFF2
OFF3
RUN
RAMP OUT ZERO
RAMP HOLD
RAMP IN ZERO
RESET
INCHING 1
INCHING 2
REMOTE CMD
CLEAR ALM / FLT BUFFER INU
ISU MODULATION
IR REF WTC SEL
UAC HPPP SEL
CLEAR ALM / FLT BUFFER ISU
Reactive current reference Ir_ref_WTC for the

ISU
Range: -100100%, 100% == ICONV_NOM
Integer scaling: -1000010000
Positive ref = capacitive, negative ref =
inductive
90.05 (DS12.2)
Value: 1903
MAILBOX:
91.04 (DS24.1)
Value: -
Transmit to ISU parameter. (INU not

supported).
1xxyy, where 1 = to ISU, xx = group, yy = index
Only through DS24:1. Cannot be written
through parameter 91.04.
DW22
Address:
49
MAILBOX:
DW24
Address:
50
MAILBOX:
Transmitted data to ISU (INU not supported).
91.05 (DS24.2)
Value: -
Only through DS24:2. Cannot be written

through parameter 91.05.
Reserved by mailbox function. Not in use.
91.06 (DS24.3)
Value: -
From ABB to the WTC with NWPM-01

When using function code 3 in Modbus, the address of the first data word can be
chosen freely according to the address area of the following table. Reading of 18
data words / message is supported.
Address area 2750 can also be read, but this address area is normally used for
references and commands to the converter.
Read signals and parameters can be freely selected by using the parameters in
group 92 and 93. With parameters 93.0793.27 (addresses 5171), both INU and
ISU parameters can be read.
53
WTC actual values/

parameter values

Signal/
parameter
selection
DW1
Address:
72
STATUS
WORD
8.01 Main Status Word of the ISU and INU

Packed Boolean Word
92.01 (DS11.1)
Value: 801
DW2
Address:
73
POWER REF
HPPP
5.04 PREF HPPP

Scaling: 1 == 1 kVAr
Pref_HPPP at ISU from HPPP.
92.02 (DS11.2)
Value: 504
DW3
Address:
74
SPEED (rpm)
Speed actual of generator 1

Signal 1.01 MOTOR SPEED FILT in INU1
Integer scaling: 20000 == nominal speed of
the generator (par. 50.01 SPEED SCALING)
92.03 (DS11.3)
Value: 101
DW4
Address:
75
DC LINK
VOLTAGE
1.10 DC VOLTAGE
Measured DC voltage
Scaling: 1 == 1 V
92.04 (DS13.1)
Value: 110
DW5
Address:
76
MAINS
VOLTAGE
5.01 MAINS VOLTAGE

Measured input voltage
Scaling: 1 == 1 V
92.05 (DS13.2)
Value: 501
DW6
Address:
77
MAINS
CURRENT
5.02 LINE CURRENT

Measured line current
Scaling: 1 == 1 A
92.06 (DS13.3)
Value: 502
DW7
Address:
78
ACTIVE
POWER
5.03 POWER
Calculated grid-side converter power
Scaling: 1 == 1 kW
92.07 (DS15.1)
Value: 503
DW8
Address:
79
REACTIVE
POWER
5.08 LSU ACT2

Scaling: 1 == 1 kVAr
1.07 REACTIVE POWER at the ISU
92.08 (DS15.2)
Value: 508
DW9
Address:
80
MAINS
FREQUENCY
5.07 LSU ACT1

(Set ISU parameter 92.07 = 105)
1.05 FREQUENCY at the ISU
Scaling: 100 == 1 Hz
92.09 (DS15.3)
Value: 507
DW10
Address:
81
LSU STATUS
WORD
5.10 LSU STATUS WORD

Status word of the grid-side converter (ISU).
92.10 (DS17.1)
Value: 510
DW11
Address:
82
INU MAX
IGBT TEMP
1.12 ACS800 TEMP

Maximum IGBT temperature
Scaling: 1 == 1 C
92.11 (DS17.2)
Value: 112
DW12
Address:
83
ISU MAX
IGBT TEMP
5.05 ACS800 TEMP

Maximum IGBT temperature
Scaling: 1 == 1 C
1.12 ACS800 TEMP in the ISU
92.12 (DS17.3)
Value: 505
DW13
Address:
84
FAULT CODE
LATEST
9.30 FAULT CODE 1 LAST
92.13 (DS19.1)
Value: 930
54
WTC actual values/

parameter values

Signal/
parameter
selection
DW14
Address:
85
FAULT CODE
SECOND
LATEST
92.14 (DS19.2)
Value: 931
DW15
Address:
86
FAULT CODE
THIRD
LATEST
92.15 (DS19.3)
Value: 932
DW16
Address:
87
FAULT CODE
FOURTH
LATEST
92.16 (DS21.1)
Value: 933
DW17
Address:
88
FAULT CODE
FIFTH
LATEST
92.17 (DS21.2)
Value: 934
DW18
Address
89
ALARM
WORD 1
9.04 ALARM WORD 1
92.18 (DS21.3)
Value: 904
DW19
Address
90
ALARM
WORD 2
9.05 ALARM WORD 2
93.01 (DS23.1)
Value: 905
DW20
Address:
91
ALARM
WORD 3
9.11 ALARM WORD 3
93.02 (DS23.2)
Value: 911
DW21
Address:
92
LIQUID TEMP
INLET
5.24 LSU ACT4

Liquid cooling temperature of the inlet liquid
Scaling: 1 == 1 C
1.32 EXT TMP1 in the ISU
93.03 (DS23.3)
Value: 524
DW22
Address:
93
LIQUID TEMP
OUTLET
5.25 LSU ACT5

Liquid cooling temperature of the outlet liquid
Scaling: 1 == 1 C
1.33 EXT TMP2 in the ISU
93.04 (DS25.1)
Value: 525
DW23
Address:
94
TEMP DIF
ALARM
WORD
9.18 TEMP DIF ALM WORD
93.05 (DS25.2)
DW24
Address:
95
GD DISABLE
WORD
8.24 GD DISABLE WORD
93.06 (DS25.3)
DW25
Address:
51
ISU FAULT
CODE
LATEST
9.30 FAULT CODE 1 LAST (in the ISU)
93.07 (DS27.1)
Value: 10930
DW26
Address:
52
ISU FAULT
CODE
SECOND
LATEST
93.08 (DS27.2)
Value: 10931
DW27
Address:
53
ISU FAULT
CODE THIRD
LATEST
93.09 (DS27.3)
Value: 10932
55
WTC actual values/

parameter values

Signal/
parameter
selection
DW28
Address:
54
ISU FAULT
CODE
FOURTH
LATEST
93.10 (DS29.1)
Value: 10933
DW29
Address:
55
ISU FAULT
CODE FIFTH
LATEST
93.11 (DS29.2)
Value: 10934
DW30
Address:
56
ISU ALARM
WORD 1
9.04 ALARM WORD 1 in the ISU
93.12 (DS29.3)
Value: 10904
DW31
Address:
57
ISU SUPPLY
ALARM
WORD
9.12 SUPPLY ALARM WORD (in the ISU)
93.13 (DS31.1)
Value: 10912
DW32
Address:
58
ISU POWER
FAIL FAULT
WORD
9.25 POWER FAIL FAULT WORD (in the ISU)
93.14 (DS31.2)
Value: 10925
DW33
Address:
59
ISU TEMP
DIF ALARM
WORD
9.18 TEMP DIF ALM WORD (in the ISU)
93.15 (DS31.3)
Value: 10918
DW34
Address:
60
ISU GD
DISABLE
WORD
8.24 GD DISABLE WORD (in the ISU)
93.16 (DS33.1)
Value: 10824
DW35
Address:
61
ISU
CURRENT
UNBALANCE
WORD
9.13 CURRENT UNBALANCE WORD (in the

ISU)
93.17 (DS33.2)
Value: 10913
DW36
Address:
62
ISU
OVERCURRE
NT FAULT
WORD
9.14 OVERCURRENT FAULT WORD (in the

ISU)
93.18 (DS33.3)
Value: 10914
DW37
Address:
63
ISU SHORT
CIRC FAULT
WORD
9.15 SHORT CIRC FAULT WORD (in the ISU)
93.19 (DS35.1)
Value: 10915
DW38
Address:
64
ISU
OVERTEMP
WORD
9.16 OVERTEMP WORD (in the ISU)
93.20 (DS35.2)
Value: 10916
DW39
Address:
65
ISU TEMP
DIF FLT
WORD
9.17 TEMP DIF FLT WORD (in the ISU)
93.21 (DS35.3)
Value: 10917
DW40
Address:
66
ISU PPCC
FAULT WORD
9.24 PPCC FAULT WORD (in the ISU)
93.22 (DS37.1)
Value: 10924
DW41
Address:
67
POWER FAIL
FAULT WORD
9.25 POWERFAIL FAULT WORD
93.23 (DS37.2)
Value: 925
56
WTC actual values/

parameter values

Signal/
parameter
selection
DW42
Address:
68
4.12 PARAMETER CRC16 (in the ISU)
93.24 (DS37.3)
Value: 10412
ISU
PARAMETER
CRC
Timing of the signals in Modbus

Communication settings
Baud rate: 38.4 kbit/s
Data bits: 8
Stop bits: 1
Parity: None
Use of Modbus facilities
All Modbus communication consists of a query (from WTC3) and a response (from
the inverter). A query can either be a command to write one or more values or a
request to read one or more values.
The following query types (function codes) are used in the communication:
Read holding registers (3)
Reads one or more register values

The response contains the read data or an error
indication if the operation did not succeed.
Write single register (6)
Writes one register value

The response contains an error indication if the
operation did not succeed.
Write multiple registers (16)
Writes several register values (registers must be in

the sequence)
The response contains an error indication if the
operation did not succeed.
Timing of modbus telegrams

A query (read or write) is sent from the controller every 30 ms. Therefore the inverter
should always be able to respond to any query within 30 ms (including transmission
time). Practical tests with the inverter have shown that this is possible when no more
than 8 registers (16 bytes of data) are queried at a time.
Data types in Modbus

The communication between the controller and the inverters are divided into four
types of data:
1
Writing references and

control words
Data for controlling the inverters is written

every 60 ms.
57
Fast read of important

registers
Data necessary for fast monitoring and

logging is read every 180 ms (all data are
read every 180 ms).
Cyclic read of less important

registers
Less important data is read as fast as

possible with 1 telegram containing up to 8
registers every 180 ms.
In practice this means that each of the
requested registers are read approximately
once every 1.6 seconds.
On-demand read/write of
seldom used registers
Read/write operations that are only

necessary in certain situations are carried
out on demand.
One operation can be carried out every 180
ms.
It is possible to queue up to 20 read/write
operations in a buffer.
The scheduling algorithm of this communication can be seen from the diagram
below:
1.
0
2.
30
1.
60
3.
90
1.
120
4.
150
1.
180
2.
210
...
240
Time [ms]
References and control words are written every 60 ms and the rest of the time slots
are shared equally between the remaining tasks.
The resulting activity on the serial line looks like this:
Timing of Modbus telegrams

A query (read or write) is sent from the controller every 30 ms. This will leave space
for writing every second time and reading every second time since references must
be updated every 60 ms. Therefore the inverter should always be able to respond to
any query within 30 ms (including transmission time).
58
The scheduling algorithm of this communication can be seen from the diagram
below:
Write
Read
30
Write
60
Read
90
Write
120
Read
150
Write
180
...
Read
210
240
Time [ms]
References and control words are written every 60 ms and the rest of the time slots
are used for reading. Which data are read and how often (some will probably need to
be faster than others) depends on the actual implementation.
Signal interfaces
The following figure shows the transmitted and received actual signals and
parameters of the turbine controller and the wind turbine converter.
59
I-BOX
WTC (WIND TURBINE

CONTROLLER)
Transmit
DW1-DW3
Address: 27-29
POWER REFERENCE
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
FLUX REFERENCE
DW4-DW6
Address: 30-32
CONTROL WORD
REACTIVE CURRENT REF
Receive
DW1-DW3
Address: 72-74
STATUS WORD
LSU STATUS WORD
SPEED (rpm)
DW4-DW6
Address: 75-77
DC LINK VOLTAGE
MAINS VOLTAGE
MAINS CURRENT
DW7-DW9
Address: 78-80
ACTIVE POWER
REACTIVE POWER
MAINS FREQUENCY
DW10-DW12
Address: 81-83
POWER REFERENCE HPPP
INU MAX IGBT TEMP
ISU MAX IGBT TEMP
DW13-DW15
Address: 84-86
FAULT CODE LATEST
FAULT CODE SECOND LATEST
FAULT CODE THIRD LATEST
DW16-DW18
Address: 87-89
FAULT CODE FOURTH LATEST
FAULT CODE FIFTH LATEST
ALARM WORD 1
DW19-DW21
Address: 90-92
ALARM WORD 2
ALARM WORD 3
LIQUID TEMP INLET
DW22-DW24
Address: 93-95
LIQUID TEMP OUTLET
TEMP DIF ALM WORD
GD DISABLE WORD
60 ms
60 ms
60 ms
60 ms
60 ms
60 ms
60 ms
60 ms
60 ms
60 ms
40.07
40.11
40.08
40.04
40.05
01.01
Reference correction
Power reference
Actual speed
Torque reference calculation
Torque reference from power reference

is calculated only in remote mode.
HPPP HIGH PERFORMANCE PARKPILOT
PI Controller for power loss

compensation
Gain
Integration time
Power reference
Actual power
95.06 LSU COMM SEL = LSU COM WIDE
Data set 10
LSU COM WIDE -INTERFACE

DDCS CH1
05.13 LSU CONTROL WORD

95.02 LSU DC REF
Not in use
Data set 12
05.21 LSU REF1
05.22 LSU REF2
05.23 LSU REF3
Data set 11
05.03 POWER
05.04 REACT POWER
Data set 13
05.06 LSU DI STATUS
05.01 MAINS VOLTAGE
05.02 LINE CURRENT
08.01
MCW
Bit 15 to
LCW
Bit11
25.01 TORQUE REF A
If 7.01 bit 13 == 0 => 5.23 = 19.02 (U Ref)

If 7.01 bit 13 == 1 => 5.23 = 19.03 (IR Ref)
(7.01.13)
Pref_HPPP from HPPP
Data set 15
40.06
Pmax ramp time when

Pmax is increasing
WTC power reference

Pmax
Coolant inlet temperature
Power reference
limitation
Gmax reference power
limitation
Power reference offset
Power fine tuning
ABB WIND TURBINE DRIVE CABINET

INU CONTROL BOARD
98.02 COMM MODULE = ADVANT/N-FB
FIELDBUS INTERFACE
DDCS CH0
Data set 10, 2 ms
19.01 DATA1
19.02 DATA2
19.04 DATA4
Data set 12, 4 ms
07.01 MAIN CTRL WORD
19.03 DATA3
Xx.Yy spare
Data set 11, 2 ms

08.01 MAIN STATUS WORD
05.04 REACT POWER
01.01 MOTOR SPEED FILT
01.10 DC VOLTAGE
05.01 MAINS VOLTAGE
05.02 LINE CURRENT
Data set 13, 4 ms
Data set 15, 10 ms
TRIGG
Frequency
C103
C28
GROUP
INDEX
IN
05.24 LSU ACT4 (LSU INLET TEMP)

05.25 LSU ACT5 (LSU OUTLET TEMP)
05.26 LSU ACT6
05.07 LSU ACT1

05.08 LSU ACT2
05.09 LSU ACT3 (LSU PMAX)
I1
I2
I3
Nominal DC
Voltage
05.03 POWER
05.08 LSU ACT2
05.07 LSU ACT1
Enable DC Boost
Data set 17
DC Boost start frequency
Data set 17, 10 ms
Nominal DC Voltage
05.11 LSU FAULT WORD

05.12 LSU ALARM WORD
05.05 LSU PP TEMP
40.01

01.12 ACS800 TEMP (INU)
05.05 ACS800 TEMP (ISU)
40.02 BOOST START FREQ
WR-I
Data set 19
DC Boost function
40.02
+7.01.11
Adaptive blocks
100 ms
40.03
27.03 FLUX REF
Flux reference scaling

Flux reference
from WTC
(0...10000)
C0
C0
CLEAR 5 LATEST
ALARMS AND
FAULTS
103.28
Data set 19, 100 ms

Data set 21, 100 ms
09.04 ALARM WORD 1
Data set 23, 100 ms
09.05 ALARM WORD 2
09.11 ALARM WORD 3
05.24 LSU ACT4
Data set 25, 100 ms
05.25 LSU ACT5
09.18 TEMP DIF ALM WORD
08.24 GD DISABLE WORD
95.02 LSU DC REF
FIELDBUS CONTROL
Modbus RS485 / NWPM-01
500 ms
500 ms
10 ms
100 ms
10 ms
100 ms
10 ms
OPTICAL DDCS LINK

INU CH1 ISU CH0
ISU CONTROL BOARD
98.02 COMM. MODULE = INU COM WIDE
INU COM WIDE -INTERFACE

DDCS CH0
Data set 10
07.01 MAIN CTRL WORD

23.01 DC VOLT REF
Not in use
Data set 12
19.04 DATA4 (to AD block)

19.03 DATA3
19.05 DATA5 (to AD block)
19.02
Data set 11
08.01 MAIN STATUS WORD

01.08 POWER
19.01 DATA1
Data set 13
01.15 DI7-1 STATUS

01.11 MAINS VOLTAGE
01.06 LINE CURRENT
Data set 15
01.05 FREQUENCY
01.07 REACTIVE POWER
01.28 P LIMITED
Data set 17
09.11 SUPPLY FAULT WORD

09.12 SUPPLY ALARM WORD
01.12 ACS800 TEMP
Data set 19
01.32 EXT TMP 1

01.33 EXT TMP 2
xx.yy spare
AND
(-19.03.9)
DATA2
19.02
OR
C6
C5
(+19.04.14)
Temperature of inlet liquid PT100

Temperature of outlet liquid PT100
19.04
DATA4
19.05
DATA5
(+19.04.13)
(-19.04.14)
Adaptive blocks 10 ms
MODBUS/TCP
RETA-01 Module on
SLOT1 of ISU RMIO
control board
Register 41903
MAIN STATUS WORD to HPPP
Register 41902
TRIGG
C28
GROUP
INDEX
IN
AO1
AO2
24.02
WR-I
GROUP
INDEX
IN
24.03
WR-I
GROUP
INDEX
IN
103.28
WR-I
UAC_HPPP from HPPP (to AD block)
Register 41901
I1
Adaptive blocks
100 ms
I2
I3
C103
Pref_HPPP from HPPP
C0
+7.01.11
C3
C24
C2
C24
AI1
AI2
RAIO-01
AIO Extension
Module 1
CLEAR 5 LATEST
ALARMS AND
FAULTS
C0
OUT
SWITCH-I
ACT
NC
NO
OUT
SWITCH-I
ACT
NC
NO
60
61
Start-up
3

This chapter shows how to start-up the wind turbine converter, set the start-up
parameters, perform the identification magnetization and configure the control
signals of the system.
The chapter applies both to wind turbine converters connected to a permanent
magnet synchronous generator or to a squirrel-cage induction generator. The startup procedure is performed with DriveWindow in the local control mode.
The following actions need to be performed only when the wind turbine converter is
powered up for the first time:
setting the language
entering the generator data according to the generator nameplate
performing the generator identification magnetization
setting speed limits.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations for firmware manuals used in the start-up tables are described below.
Abbreviation
Definition
Interface
Description
Document that describes the user-specific fieldbus communication. It is delivered

with the wind turbine converter.
INU FW
ISU FW
(3AUA0000075077 [English])
Start-up
62
Start-up procedure flowchart

This flowchart illustrates the main parts of the start-up procedure given below.
1. FIRST STEPS
2. SETTING THE GRID-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS

PREPARATIONS
SETTING UP THE INTERNAL COMMUNICATION
SETTING UP TEMPERATURE ALARM AND TRIP LEVELS
SETTING UP THE GRID FAULT RIDE-THROUGH
SETTING UP THE GRID-SIDE IDENTIFICATION
SETTING UP THE ADAPTIVE PROGRAM CONTROL
3. SETTING THE GENERATOR-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS

PREPARATIONS
SETTING UP THE GENERATOR START-UP DATA
SETTING UP THE GENERATOR CONTROL
SETTING UP THE FIELDBUS COMMUNICATION
4. OPERATIONAL LOCAL TESTING

PREPARATIONS
CONVERTER LOCAL TESTING WITH SCALAR CONTROL MODE
CONVERTER LOCAL TESTING WITH DTC CONTROL MODE
5. FINALIZING THE PARAMETRIZATION

SETTING THE GRID-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS
SETTING THE GENERATOR-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS
6. OPERATIONAL REMOTE TESTING

CONVERTER REMOTE TESTING WITH FIELDBUS COMMUNICATION
EMERGENCY STOP CIRCUIT TEST
7. FINAL OPERATION
ETHERNET CONNECTION TEST
BACKUP AND RESTORE
Start-up
63
Action
Additional information
1. FIRST STEPS
SAFETY
WARNING! The safety instructions must be followed during the
installation and start-up procedure. See chapter Safety instructions in
ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (Back-to-back) hardware manual
(3AUA0000023485 [English]).
Only qualified electricians are allowed to install and start-up the wind
turbine converter.
The coolant circulation must be on before the converter is started and
during its operation.
INSTALLATION
Check that:
The mechanical installation is performed according to the instructions
given in ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) hardware
manual (3AUA0000023485 [English]).
The electrical installation is performed according to the instructions given
in ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) hardware
manual (3AUA0000023485 [English]).
The installation is checked according to the checklist in ACS800-77LC
wind turbine converter (back-to-back) hardware manual
(3AUA0000023485 [English]).
HARDWARE SET-UP
Check that the hardware start-up procedure is performed according to
the instructions given in ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-toback) hardware manual (3AUA0000023485 [English]).
Start-up
64
Action
1. FIRST STEPS
CONNECTING DriveWindow
Set the main circuit breakers to locked the position (safety operation).
Power up the wind turbine converter.
Connect the PC to the wind turbine converter as shown below.
Note: Disconnect the fibre optic cables coming from the NETA to the
RDCO module channel CH3.
Generator-side
converter
RDCU (Drive
Control Unit)
RDCO
CH3:
RXD
RMIO
TXD
Grid-side
converter
PC
NDPA-0x
RXD
TXD
NDPC-12
RDCU (Drive
Control Unit)
RDCO
CH3:
RXD
TXD
Start-up
RMIO
65
Action
1. FIRST STEPS
Note: If a NETA module is connected, disconnet the fiber optic cables
coming from the RDCO module channel CH3 to the NETA and connect
them to the RDCO or RUSB-02 module.
Generator-side
converter
RDCU (Drive
Control Unit)
RDCO
CH3:
RXD
RMIO
TXD
Grid-side
converter
PC
USB port
RUSB-02
Rx Tx
RDCU (Drive
Control Unit)
RDCO
CH3:
RXD
RMIO
TXD
Start the DriveWindow program and connect to the wind turbine
converter by choosing ABB.SMP OPC server.
Note: If all connected converters are

not seen through the optical ring,
check that the node address of each
RMIO board (ISU, INU) is set
properly. Connect optical fibres to
channel CH3 in each of the RMIO
boards and change parameter
70.15 CH3 NODE ADDR according
to the Interface Description.
Note: The new node address
becomes valid only after the next
power up of the RMIO board.
Open the parameter window from the DriveWindow program.

Switch the DriveWindow program into the local control mode.
Start-up
66
Action

PREPARATIONS
Upload the parameter and signal list.
Open parameter group 16 SYSTEM CTR INPUTS by double clicking the
row on the display and set:
Note: By double clicking a parameter

you can enter the edit mode and
change the parameter value.

Set parameter 98.02 COMM. MODULE to INU COM WIDE.
Refer to ISU FM.
Check if any special grid-side converter parameter settings are

described in the customer-specific Interface Description.
Refer to ISU FM and Interface

Description.
SETTING UP TEMPERATURE ALARM AND TRIP LEVELS

Inlet water: Set parameter 30.23 EXT TMP 1 ALM HI to 46.
Inlet water: Set parameter 30.24 EXT TMP 1 FLT HI to 56.5.
Outlet water: Set parameter 30.29 EXT TMP 2 ALM HI to 65.
Outlet water: Set parameter 30.30 EXT TMP 2 FLT HI to 70.
SETTING UP THE GRID FAULT RIDE-THROUGH

Check that the ride-through function is enabled:
Set parameter 40.02 NAMU BOARD to ON.
Set parameter 40.01 RT ENABLE to OFF.
After the first start, this parameter is

set to ON.
Set the grid fault ride-through parameters according to the applied grid
code.
Urms
Nominal level
Refer to Interface Description.

Note: The example settings for E:ON
are given below.
Voltage dip
Level 1
Level 2
t2 = 150
t (ms)
t1 = 1350
Set parameter 40.10 RT U/Un LEVEL1 to 80%.

Set parameter 40.11 RT U/Un LEVEL2 to 0% (default value).
Start-up
Note: Set the actual grid voltage

level.
67
Action

Set parameter 40.12 RT U/Un LEVEL3 to 80%.
Set parameter 40.13 RT U/Un DELTA t1 to 1350 ms.
Note: If parameter 40.10 RT U/Un

LEVEL1 is set to 90%, set parameter
40.13 RT U/Un DELTA t1 to
1500 ms.

Check that the grid support function is enabled:
Note: The operation of the function

requires that the optional NAMU
measuring unit is connected to CH2
on the RDCU unit of the grid-side
converter.
Set parameter 41.01 GRID SUPPORT MODE to OFF.

set to ON.
Set the grid support function parameters according to the applied grid
code (E.ON, REE etc.).
GS IQREF LEVEL %
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
100
50
Level 1
GS U/Un LEVEL %
0
50
100
Set parameter 41.03 GS U/Un LEVEL 1 to 80%.

Set parameter 41.07 GS IQREF LEVEL 1 to 10%.
Start-up
68
Action

SETTING UP THE GRID-SIDE IDENTIFICATION
Set parameter 99.07 LINE SIDE ID RUN to YES.
The identification procedure checks

the frequency of the network (50 Hz
or 60 Hz) and the phase order. After
the first start, this parameter is set to
NO.
Set parameter 99.08 AUTO LINE ID RUN to YES.
The identification procedure checks

the frequency of the network (50 Hz
or 60 Hz) and the phase order. After
the first start, this parameter is set to
NO.
SETTING UP THE ADAPTIVE PROGRAM CONTROL

Set parameter 56.01 ADAPT PROG CMD to STOP.

set to START.
Set parameter 58.01 ADAPT PROG CMD to STOP.

set to START.
Action

PREPARATIONS
Open parameter group 16 by double clicking the row on the display and
set:

change the value of the parameter.
16.02 PARAMETER LOCK to OPEN
Refer to INU FM.
16.03 PASS CODE to 2289

16.04 LOCAL LOCK to FALSE.
Update the parameter list and check that the parameters of groups over
100 are visible.
Note: An over 100-parameter

change must be confirmed by the
local ABB.
Set parameter 102.01 PARAM LOCK to OFF.

Set parameter 95.05 LSU COMM SEL to WIDE.
Refer to INU FW.
Set parameter 95.02 DC VOLT REF to

turbine, eg 690 V = 976 VDC).
This setting prevents the wind

turbine converters intermediate
circuit DC voltage from decreasing
when reactive power is supplied to a
relatively weak electrical power
network.
2 (nominal voltage of the wind
Check if any special parameter settings of group 95 LINE CONVERTER

are included in the customer-specific Interface Description.
Start-up
Refer to INU FW and Interface

Description.
69
Action

SETTING UP THE GENERATOR START-UP DATA
Open the generator-side converter parameter group 99 START-UP
DATA.
Convert the generator nameplate data to motor data and enter it into the
corresponding parameters:
Note: Enter the start-up data exactly.

Entering incorrect values results in
the wrong operation of the wind
turbine converter.
See section How to enter the start-up
data on page 77.
Refer to INU FW.
99.02 MOTOR NOM VOLTAGE to 750 V
Note: These motor parameters are

for the ABB generator
99.03 MOTOR NOM CURRENT to 2122.6 A

99.04 MOTOR NOM FREQ to 52 Hz
99.05 MOTOR NOM SPEED to 1550.3 rpm
99.06 MOTOR NOM POWER to 2400 kW
99.12 MOTOR NOM COS FII to 0.89
SETTING UP THE GENERATOR CONTROL

Set parameter 20.01 MINIMUM SPEED to an acceptable level
(depending on the speed of the used generator, eg 100).
Set parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED to an acceptable level
(depending on the speed of the used generator, eg 1800).
Set parameter 20.03 ZERO SPEED LIMIT to an acceptable level
(depending on the speed of the used generator).
Set the maximum and minimum torque limit values:
20.05 MAXIMUM TORQUE to 10%
20.06 MINIMUM TORQUE to -125%.
Check that the parameters of group 21 START/STOP FUNC are set
according to the customer-specific Interface Description:
21.03 STOP FUNCTION to COAST STOP
21.04 EME STOP MODE to COAST STOP.
Check that the load share is set correctly:
25.03 LOAD SHARE is set to -100%
Set parameter 26.01 TORQUE SELECTOR to TORQUE.
Refer to INU FW.

See sections How to set parameter
20.01 MINIMUM SPEED on page 81,
How to set the maximum speed limit
(parameters 20.02 MAXIMUM
SPEED and 20.11 FREQ TRIP
MARGIN) on page 81 and Effect of
maximum speed limitation on the
generator torque reference on page
83.
In case of problems, see chapter
Fault tracing.
Refer to INU FW and Interface
Description.
Refer to INU FW
Refer to INU FW.
Set parameter 27.01 FLUX OPTIMIZATION to NO.

Set parameter 27.03 FLUX REF to 100%.
Set parameter 27.04 FLUX MAX to 100%.
Set parameter 28.12 FLYSTART CUR REF to 27%.
The parameter defines the current

reference used with flying start.
Refer to INU FW.
Set parameter 28.13 FLYSTART INIT DLY to 30.

Set the parameters of group 50 SPEED MEASUREMENT eg,
Refer to INU FW.
Start-up
70
Action

50.01 SPEED SCALING = eg 1500 rpm.
Set the adaptive program control values:
58.01 ADAPT PROG CMD to STOP.

set to START.
Set the DC voltage control values:

30.23 OVERVOLTAGE CTL to ON
124.03 DC OVERVOLT LIM to 1190 V
124.17 OV GEN SIDE STEP to 1%/ms
124.19 OV ENABLE LIMIT to 1160 V
124.20 OV UC DERIV MAX to 600%/ms.
SETTING UP THE FIELDBUS COMMUNICATION

Select the correct external serial communication interface by parameter
98.02 COMM MODULE = ADVANT FB.
Refer to PMSM FW or INU FW and

Interface Description.
Update the parameter list and check that the fieldbus parameters are
visible.
Fieldbus module of type N:
Check that the parameters of groups 70, 90, 91, 92, and 93 are set
according the customer-specific Interface Description, see chapter
Communication interface for more details.
Set the stop method for the CH0 communication fault: parameter 70.05
CH0 COM LOSS CTRL to COAST STOP.
Refer to PMSM FW or INU FW and

Interface Description.
Group 70 defines eg, the correct
node address for N-type fieldbus
modules.
Groups 9091 define addresses
into which the received fieldbus data
sets are written.
Groups 9293 define addresses
from which the transmitted fieldbus
data sets are read.
Action

PREPARATIONS
Power down and power up the 230 V AC auxiliary supply to reboot all
RMIO boards.
Some parameter settings made in

the previous steps become valid only
after the next power up.
Open parameter group 16 by double clicking the row on the display and
set:

change the value of the parameter.
16.02 PARAMETER LOCK to OFF
Refer INU FM.
16.03 PASS CODE to 2289

16.04 LOCAL LOCK to FALSE.
Start-up
71
Action

Update the parameter list and check that parameters of groups over 100
are visible.
Note: An over 100-parameter

change must be confirmed by the
local ABB.
Set parameter 102.01 PARAM LOCK to OFF.

Check and make sure that the generator shaft is in the locked position.
Open the main circuit breaker(s) from the locked position.
Select and activate the following generator-side converter signals to the
DriveWindow screen:
Refer to INU FW.

01.05 FREQUENCY
01.06 MOTOR CURRENT
01.08 MOTOR TORQUE
01.10 DC VOLTAGE
01.11 MOTOR VOLTAGE
01.12 ACS800 TEMP
01.32 POWER [kW].
02.15 FLUX ACT
05.01 MAINS VOLTAGE [V]
05.02 LINE CURRENT [A]
05.03 POWER [KW]
05.04 REACT POWER
05.05 LSU PP TEMP
25.01 TORQUE REF A
CONVERTER LOCAL TESTING WITH SCALAR CONTROL MODE

WARNING! The coolant circulation must be on before the converter is
started and during its operation.
Set the generator-side converter control mode to SCALAR as follows.
Set parameter 99.08 MOTOR CTRL MODE to SCALAR
Set the frequency reference to zero from DriveWindow panel.
Start the generator-side converter by using the DriveWindow Start
button.
Note: The motor control mode

parameter must be set back to DTC
after the converter tests.
Refer to INU FW and ISU FW. In
case of problems, see chapter
Tracing the source of warnings, limits
and faults, page 98.
Note: If an OVERCURRENT fault
occurs, see section How to check the
line voltage measurement on page
99.
Check that
intermediate DC circuit is charged and the converter modulates
without problems
all cooling fans rotate properly
Start-up
72
Action

state of digital input DI1 is 1 from ISU parameter 01.15 DI7-1 STATUS
(acknowledgement of converter fan) and from INU parameter 01.15
DI6-1 STATUS (no emergency stop)
Refer to ISU FW, INU FM and circuit

diagrams delivered with the wind
turbine converter.
state of digital input DI4 is 1 from INU parameter 01.15 DI6-1 STATUS Refer to INU FM. DI4 indicates the
operation of the Safety circuit
function.
states of ISU digital inputs DI2 to DI7 correspond the circuit diagrams
delivered with the wind turbine converter from ISU parameter 01.15
DI7-1 STATUS.
Refer to ISU FW and circuit

diagrams delivered with the wind
turbine converter.
Check that the following generator-side converter control program

signals are within an acceptable range:
01.05 FREQUENCY
Refer to INU FW.
01.06 MOTOR CURRENT
Refer to INU FW.
01.10 DC VOLTAGE
Refer to INU FW.
01.11 MOTOR VOLTAGE
Refer to INU FW.
05.01 MAINS VOLTAGE [V]
Refer to INU FW.
05.02 LINE CURRENT [A].
Refer to INU FW and section Current

measurement on page 87.
Stop the generator-side converter(s) by using the DriveWindow Stop

button.
Set the motor control mode back to DTC.
Set parameter 99.08 MOTOR CTRL MODE to DTC.
CONVERTER LOCAL TESTING WITH DTC CONTROL MODE

Open the generator shaft locking.
Make the identification magnetization to the generator:
Check that the parameter 99.08 MOTOR CTRL MODE is set to DTC.
Set parameter 99.05 MOTOR NOM SPEED to 0 and set it back to the
correct value: generator nominal speed. (This setting triggers the
identification magnetization after the next start.)
Refer to INU FW. In case of

problems, see chapter Tracing the
source of warnings, limits and faults,
page 98.
Note: After the ID MAGN has been
set, warning ID MAGN REG is
displayed.
Start the generator-side converter by pressing the DriveWindow Start

button.
Open the DriveWindow Fault logger view and check that information ID
MAGN DONE can be seen.
Check that the generator pole pair number is correct from parameter
149.08 POLE PAIRS.
In case of an incorrect pole pair number, check the values of parameters
99.04 MOTOR NOM FREQ and 99.05 MOTOR NOM SPEED and
correct them. Make a new identification magnetization.
Start-up
The identification magnetization lasts

approximately one minute. If it does
not finish or is otherwise not
successfully performed, see chapter
Fault Tracing in INU FW.
See section Calculation of the polepair number of an asynchronous
generator on page 85.
In case of an incorrect pole pair
number, see section How to enter
the start-up data on page 77.
73
Action

Run the generator to a speed within its speed range using the wind
turbine WTC.
Note: Speed must be within the

limits defined by parameters
20.01 MINIMUM SPEED and
20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED.
Start the generator-side converter when the generator is running at the

selected speed by using the DriveWindow Start button.
While the converter is running, monitor that the signals listed under
PREPARATIONS on page 70 are within acceptable ranges.
Check that signal 01.01 MOTOR SPEED FILT is positive regardless of
the rotation direction of the wind turbine. If not, change the phase order
of the generator cables.
See section Polarities of reference

and actual values on page 47.
Check the correctness of current measurement by giving a small torque

reference with parameter 25.01 TORQUE REF A: eg, 15% using 5%
steps. The measurement is correct if the actual torque value 1.08
MOTOR TORQUE follows the given reference.
Check that the generator does not oscillate.
Set parameter 25.01 TORQUE REF A back to 0% using 5% steps.
Stop the converter by using the DriveWindow Stop button.
Switch the DriveWindow program to the remote control mode.
Action
5. FINALIZING THE PARAMETRIZATION

SETTING THE GRID-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS
Set parameter 56.01 ADAPT PROG CMD from STOP to START.
Set parameter 99.07 LINE SIDE ID RUN from YES to NO.
Set parameter 99.08 AUTO LINE ID RUN from YES to NO.
Set parameter 40.01 RT ENABLE from OFF to ON.
Set parameter 41.01 GRID SUPPORT MODE from OFF to ON.
SETTING THE GENERATOR-SIDE CONVERTER PARAMETERS

Start-up
74
Action
6. OPERATIONAL REMOTE TESTING

CONVERTER REMOTE TESTING WITH FIELDBUS COMMUNICATION
Run the generator to a speed within its speed range using the wind
turbine WTC.
Note: The speed must be within the

limits defined by parameters
20.01 MINIMUM SPEED and
20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED.
Start the converter with the WTC start command.

Check that
Main Control Word sequences work properly
torque reference is correct
reactive power reference is correct
WTC measurement signals are scaled properly.
EMERGENCY STOP CIRCUIT TEST

Monitor the following signals with DriveWIndow:
Refer to INU FW.
01.06 MOTOR CURRENT
Refer to INU FW.
01.08 MOTOR TORQUE
Refer to INU FW.
01.15 DI6-1 STATUS
Refer to INU FW.
02.13 TORQ USED REF
Refer to INU FW.
05.02 LINE CURRENT.
Refer to ISU FW.
Push the emergency stop button anywhere on the site while the wind
turbine converter is running with small speed and torque. The main
breakers should open and the generator coast to stop.
WARNING! An emergency stop with full speed or torque
stresses the wind turbine mechanically and can damage it.
Check that signal 01.08 MOTOR TORQUE goes down with a ramp but
that signal 02.13 TORQ USED REF goes to zero immediately if
parameter 21.04 EME STOP MODE is set to COAST STOP.
Start-up
75
Action
Additional Information
7. FINAL OPERATION
ETHERNET CONNECTION TEST
Check that the turbine and converter starts are disabled.
Disconnect the PC from the converter and reconnect all optical fibres in
their correct order between the NETA and the RDCO modules.
Configure the NETA module according to the instructions given in
section How to configure the NETA-01 Ethernet Adapter Module on page
88.
NETA-01 Ethernet Adapter Module

User-s Manual (3AFE64605062
[English])
BACKUP AND RESTORE

After start-up or any service operations, the new parameter values must
always be documented:
Lock the parameter settings by setting parameter 102.01 PARAM LOCK
to ON.
Create a full Backup Package and save it in the .BPG format.
See section How to create a full

Backup Package and save it in the
.BPG format on page 90.
Save the parameters in a parameter file (.dwp).
See section How to save a

parameter file (.dwp) to the PC on
page 94.
Start-up
76
Start-up
77

This chapter contains examples on how to determine values for critical parameter
settings.
Setting up the fieldbus

Fieldbus interfaces
For descriptions of the fieldbus connections, refer to
(3AUA0000075077 [English])
ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) hardware manual
(3AUA0000023485 [English])
NWPM-01 Modbus Adapter Module Users Manual (3AUA0000020296 [English])
How to enter the start-up data

As the wind turbine converter control program is based on calculations performed
with motor data, always enter the generator nameplate data as motor values to the
parameters of group 99 START-UP DATA. This section shows how to convert the
generator data to motor data. For consideration of the losses, see Question:
Entering the generator data on page 79.
Example
The performance data (i.e. nominal values) of an asynchronous generator is given
as follows:
PN, gen
nN, gen
UN, gen
IN, gen
fN, gen
Load
Speed
Stator
voltage
Current
Efficiency
%/kW
rpm
100/2400
1551
690
2070
96.8* - 96.2**
Cos phi
0.893
Reactive
power
Slip
Frequency
kVAr
Hz
1209
0.599
51.4
* efficiency with direct line supply

** efficiency with converter supply
78
Enter the data for parameter group 99 START-UP DATA as follows.

Parameter
99.02 MOTOR NOM VOLTAGE
What to enter
Calculate the motor nominal voltage as follows:
52.01
fN
UN =
UN, gen =
690 V = 698 V
51.4
fN, gen
where
UN
nominal voltage of the motor (V)
UN, gen
nominal voltage of the generator (V), i.e stator

voltage
fN
nominal frequency of the motor (Hz)
fN, gen
nominal frequency of the generator (Hz).
99.03 MOTOR NOM CURRENT
Enter the generator nominal current: 2070 A.
99.04 MOTOR NOM FREQ
Calculate the motor nominal frequency as follows:

nN, gen
fN =
60
1551 rpm
60
100% + s
100%
100 + 0.599
100
= 52.01 Hz
where
p
pole-pair number
fN
nominal frequency of the motor (Hz)
nN, gen
nominal speed of the generator (rpm)
slip (%).
Note: If slip is not given in the generator data, it can be calculated

as follows:
fN, gen 60 rpm s
nN, gen p
nN, gen - ns
s=
=
ns
fN, gen 60 rpm s
p
where
99.06 MOTOR NOM POWER
ns
synchronous speed of the generator (rpm)
nN, gen
nominal speed of the generator (rpm)
fN, gen
nominal frequency of the generator (Hz)
pole-pair number.
Calculate the motor nominal power as follows:

PN = 1.025 PN, gen = 1.025 2400 kW = 2460 kW
where
99.12 MOTOR NOM COS FII
PN
nominal power of the motor (kW)
PN, gen
nominal electrical power of the generator (kW).
Enter 0.893.
79
Questions about entering start-up data, torque settings

Question: Calculating/setting the motor nominal torque
Parameters 99.05 MOTOR NOM SPEED and 99.06 MOTOR NOM POWER contain
motor nominal speed (rpm) and power. Is it correct that the motor nominal torque is
calculated from these two values? Is there any other way of setting the motor
nominal torque? We could not find a parameter for it.
Answer
Yes, nominal torque (100%) is calculated from the values of parameters in group
99 START-UP DATA.
No, there is no other way of setting the nominal torque.
Question: Torque set-point
Is it possible to send to the converter a torque set-point that is higher than 100%
continuously or for a short period? What will happen?
Answer
Torque is limited by parameters 20.05 MAXIMUM TORQUE and 20.06 MINIMUM
TORQUE. The parameters should be set to values which are achievable with the
generator-converter current capacity combination defined in the design.
If the torque reference given by the turbine controller is too high (i.e. the pull-out
torque of the generator or current capacity of the converter have been reached, or
the converter overvoltage control is activated), the converter will limit the torque.
In extreme cases, if the torque reference is remarkably higher than what is allowed
by the generator-converter current capacity combination, and the limitation of current
by limiting torque does not succeed, the converter will trip on overcurrent. It stops
operation immediately and the torque on the generator shaft disappears. Necessary
overspeed and safety system dynamics margins must be maintained in the system
design. In case of permanent magnet generators, there is a risk of converter failure if
the system is not equipped with appropriate means of protection against no-load
voltage coming from the generator running at high speed.
Question: Entering the generator data
The firmware manual suggests to enter the motor data from the nameplate of the
motor. In case of a motor, the electrical power rating will be higher than the
mechanical power rating, to cover the losses of the motor. What should we fill in
when there is a generator connected to the converter instead of a motor? In our
case, the mechanical power will be higher than the electrical power, because the
power flow is in the opposite direction. How do we treat the losses? Or does the
converter have a parameter which must be set to switch between motor and
generator?
80
Answer
The parameters in group 99 (nominal values of the machine) are always given as a
motor. Even though the wind turbine converter is run as a generator, the software
makes its calculations based on motor values. You do not have to inform the
converter that it is running a generator.
Further question
If we set the parameters in group 99 to, for example, 2000 kW and 22.5 rpm, the
calculated torque will be 848.8 kNm. If we now send a torque set-point of 100%, will
we measure 848.8 kNm at the generator axis or less due to iron and copper losses
in the generator? Should we enter the mechanical axis power or the electrical power
as the motor nominal power?
Answer
The converter estimates the machine's characteristics on the basis of the
identification magnetization results and controls the torque so that a 100% reference
equals approximately to the nominal torque (in this case 848.8 kNm) on the machine
axis when the machine is driven as a motor. The generator-side converter control
program estimates that iron loss torque is 2.5% of the nominal torque. Thus,
electrical torque with a 100% torque reference would be 102.5% as a motor. As a
generator, electrical torque would also be 102.5%, but mechanical torque
approximately 105%, depending on the real iron losses.
For the most accurate system, correct the 2.5% iron loss error in the generator
operation by entering the electrical power multiplied by 1.025 into parameter
99.06 GEN NOM POWER of the generator-side converter. This way, a 100% torque
reference will equal to 100% electrical torque and power at nominal speed.
Further question
Our generator has a mechanical power of 2220 kW. The electrical power is 2110 kW
and the nominal rotor speed is 22.5 rpm.
Is it correct that parameter 99.06 should be set to 2220 kW?
Answer
No. The nominal power (parameter 99.06) given for the converter should be
2110 kW 1.025 = 2163 kW.
Further question
What will then be the 100% torque set-point? Or, the other way round: how high in
percentage should the torque set-point be to obtain 100% mechanical torque at the
axis?
Answer
You should set a 100% torque reference to obtain 100% electrical torque and 100%
electrical power (2110 kW) at the nominal speed. Mechanical shaft power would then
be approximately 2220 kW.
81
Further question
How about the torque value we read from CANopen adapter module? I assume this
value is calculated from the currents through the generator. In what way are the
losses incorporated in this calculation? Are we really reading the actual torquevalue?
Answer
The losses are not incorporated in the calculation but if you have entered generator
nominal power divided by 1.025 into parameter 99.06 MOTOR NOM POWER, you
will read the real torque value.
How to set parameter 20.01 MINIMUM SPEED

The value of parameter 20.01 MINIMUM SPEED is usually set to zero. If the
generator will be driven also as a motor, set the minimum speed to a small negative
value.
How to set the maximum speed limit (parameters 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED
and 20.11 FREQ TRIP MARGIN)
Wind turbine converter in speed control
If the wind turbine converter is controlled by giving a speed reference, the input of
the speed controller is limited between the values of parameters 20.01 MINIMUM
SPEED and 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED.
Wind turbine converter in torque control
The wind turbine converter is in torque control when it is controlled by giving a torque
reference. In this control mode, the wind turbine converter limits the torque reference
when speed approaches the overspeed trip limit.
This section describes how the torque limit is calculated in the generator-side
converter control program. The limitation is performed in block FREQ LIMITER
shown in the block diagram Torque reference chain in appendix Control block
diagrams. The inputs for the torque limitation are actual signal 02.12 TORQUE
REF5 and parameters 20.01 MINIMUM SPEED, 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED and
26.01 TORQUE SELECTOR. The output, that is the limited torque, is actual signal
02.22 TORQ FREQ LIM REF.
Calculation equations
When the speed actual value (nact) is positive and the allowed maximum speed
defined by parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED is nmax, the torque limit is calculated
as follows in the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive Control Program:
Tlim [%] = 10.87 k
E0,N IN
PN cos N
nmax - nact
nN
100%.
82
For squirrel-cage induction generators, the torque limit is calculated as follows in the
System Control Program:
Tlim [%] = 10.87 k
U N IN
PN
nmax - nact
nN
100%.
In the equations above, N denotes the nominal value of the generator. Coefficient k
is normally 1 but if parameter 27.08 HEX FIELD WEAKEN is set to ON and the wind
turbine converter operates in the field weakening area, k is 1/4.
Example of calculating the value for parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED
In a permanent magnet synchronous generator the nominal speed is 20 rpm,
nominal power 1 MW, power factor 0.94, back-electromotoric force 700 V and
nominal current 890 A.
If a torque limit of -110% is intended to be reached with speed 1.2 nN, set the value
of parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED to the value calculated below:
nmax = nact +
Tlim PN cos N nN

10.87 k E0,N IN 100%
= 1.2 nN +
-110% PN cos N nN

10.87 k E0,N IN 100%
= 1.2 20 rpm +
-110% 1 MW 0.94 20 rpm

10.87 1 700 V 890 A 100%
= 20.95.
Note: Consider carefully the setting of parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED. If the
value is set too high, the parameter has no effect on generating more torque to slow
down the speed when approaching the maximum speed. The setting of parameter
20.11 FREQ TRIP MARGIN is also important. It defines the margin above the
maximum speed defined by parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED at which the wind
turbine converter trips on overspeed.
As a rule of thumb, setting parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED close to the nominal
speed is sensible. See section Effect of maximum speed limitation on the generator
torque reference on the following page.
83
WARNING! When setting the maximum speed with parameter 20.01 MAXIMUM
SPEED, check that the no-load voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous
machine does not exceed 850 V with that speed. Set the frequency trip margin,
parameter 20.11 FREQ TRIP MARGIN, so that the wind turbine converter trips at a
safe voltage level.
If the wind turbine converter trips or is stopped, its control cannot keep the
intermediate DC circuit voltage within its limits but it depends on the backelectromotoric force of the permanent magnet generator. If the intermediate DC
circuit voltage exceeds 1200 V, the DC circuit capacitors of the converter will be
damaged.
Effect of maximum speed limitation on the generator torque reference
This section illustrates the effect of maximum speed limitation on the generator
torque reference for the generator of the previous example.
The generator nominal speed is 20 rpm. A frequency trip margin of 3.4 rpm is
chosen ie, parameter 20.11 FREQ TRIP MARGIN is set to n p / 60 = 3.4 p /
60 Hz. Note: By default, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Control
Program sets parameter 20.11 FREQ TRIP MARGIN to 10% of the generator
nominal speed, in this case it would be 2 rpm.
The wind turbine converter trips on overspeed at the value of parameter 20.02
MAXIMUM SPEED + parameter 20.11 FREQ TRIP MARGIN: at 20.95 rpm +
3.4 rpm = 24.35 rpm.
In generator use, the control program inverts the torque reference coming from the
WTC with -100%. The used torque reference stays below the torque limit curve until
the actual speed comes close to the maximum speed trip limit. There, the torque
limit forces the used torque reference below the inverted torque reference from the
WTC. In this way, the control program tries to keep the turbine speed below the trip
limit by generating more torque to slow down the speed.
Had the value of parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED been set higher, the torque
limit would have had no effect on the used torque reference. Had the frequency trip
margin been set lower, the wind turbine converter would have tripped on overspeed
in this example. An Excel sheet for calculation is available from ABB on request with
code 3AUA0000025546.
84
Torque (%)
Turbine rotor speed (rpm)
200
40
35
100
30
6
1
10
15
20
t (s)
25
20
15
3
4
-100
10
-200
Time
Torque limit by maximum speed
Torque reference from the WTC
Inverted Torque reference from the WTC
Used torque reference. This equals the inverted Torque reference from
the WTC except when limited by (1)
Actual speed
Maximum speed limit defined by parameter 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED
Maximum speed trip limit = par. 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED + par.

20.11 FREQ TRIP MARGIN
Maximum speed limitation is active, the converter control requests

higher generator torque than the WTC.
This diagram illustrates the change in the torque reference when the maximum speed limit is met.
85
Overvoltage controller
If the torque limit is too low, it can be increased by increasing the gain parameter
124.07 DC CTR GAIN REL to, for example, 7000%.
Calculation of the pole-pair number of an asynchronous generator

The System Control Program calculates the pole-pair number of the generator as
follows:
p=
fN 60
nN
100%
100% + s
where
p = pole-pair number
fN = nominal frequency of the generator (Hz)
nN = nominal speed of the generator (rpm)
s = slip (%).
The value is set into parameter 149.08 POLE PAIRS after the after identification
magnetization.
Example
When the nominal speed of the generator is 1551 rpm and the nominal frequency
51.4 Hz, the pole-pair number is
p=
fN 60
nN
100%
100% + s
51.4 60
1551
100%
100% + 0.599
= 2.
How to calculate nominal frequency when slip is given

See System Control Program Firmware Manual (3AFE64670646 [English]).
How to run the generator as a motor

To run the generator as a motor, the converter control mode must be changed from
torque to speed by setting parameter 26.01 TORQUE SELECTOR to SPEED. In the
speed control mode, the converter follows the speed reference given by parameter
23.01 SPEED REF. The speed reference which corresponds to integer value 20000
is defined by parameter 50.01 SPEED SCALING.
Define also suitable limits and acceleration/deceleration times for the turbine by
setting the values of parameters in groups 20 LIMITS and 22 ACCEL/DECEL.
The speed control is based on a PID controller. The control variables are set by the
parameters of group 24 SPEED CONTROL. The most suitable settings depend on
86
the system characteristics. The recommended values for the most crucial
parameters are given below:
Parameter
Default value
Setting
24.02 DROOP RATE
0%
When the windings of multiple-winding generators

are controlled with separate speed control
references, the droop rate can be set a bit higher by
steps (1% -> 2% -> 5% -> 10%).
24.03 KPS
10
The gain can be set a bit lower: 5 -> 3 -> 1.
24.09 TIS
2.5 s
The integration time can be set to 4 s.
The desired turbine speed in the speed control mode is often quite low when
compared to the nominal speed. Therefore, increasing the filtering time of the
measured speed stabilizes the system:
Parameter
Default value
Setting
50.06 SP ACT FILT

TIME
4 ms
The filtering time can often be increased up to

40 ms.
In slow-speed generators (nN < 30 rpm), it is recommended not to use flux signal
injection for rotor position detection. Check that the setting of parameter
151.40 FLUX SIGNAL INJEC is OFF.
For more information on the parameter settings, see System Control Program
Firmware Manual (3AFE64670646 [English]). A detailed block diagram of the speed
control loop is presented in chapter Control block diagrams.
87
Current measurement
Why does actual signal 01.06 LINE CURRENT indicate a no-load current?
The supply part of the converter main circuit is shown below. Current is fed to the
LCL filter to compensate the capacitors in no-load situations when current at the
input to the converter (point a) is zero. However, as current is measured at the input
of the IGBT Supply Unit (point b), the line current measurement signal indicates
current also in no-load situations.
LCL filter
ISU
Supply
Main Circuit Interface Board

Auxiliary Measuring Unit
(Option)
88
How to configure the NETA-01 Ethernet Adapter Module

Configure the NETA-01 Ethernet Adapter Module as follows:
1. Follow instructions given in chapter Quick start-up guide in NETA-01 Ethernet
Adapter Module User-s Manual (3AFE64605062 [English]) to connect to the
module. The instruction on setting the IP address is given below.
Set the IP address of the NETA module with ARP protocol commands. The PC
has to be configured for the point-to-point connection.
Set all configuration DIP switches to OFF position. Switch the auxiliary
24 V DC power on.
Open the DOS prompt on the PC.
Type arp -s <IP address> <MAC address>
Substitute <MAC address> with the MAC address of your module eg, 00-3011-02-02-90. The MAC address is printed on the label on the side of the
module. Substitute <IP address> with the IP address you want to use for the
module eg, 10.0.0.7. Ask your network administrator for a free IP address.
Type arp at the command prompt for more instructions.
Type ping <IP address>
Type arp -d <IP address>
The module will adopt the IP address specified in the arp -s command after
restarting the module.
2. Open the web pages of the module as follows:
Open the Web browser eg, Internet Explorer.
Write http:// and the IP address into the browsers address bar and press
Enter.
Fill in the authorization information. User name: admin. Password: admin.
3. Access the Configuration menu.
4. Open the Drives tab and click the Find drives button. Make sure that the Issue
channel address check box is ticked.
5. Change the State field of the activated wind turbine converter from FBA DSET to
FBA DSET10 and give appropriate names to the converters in the Name fields.
89
6. Check that the Allow data set editing and Enable Motor control applet check
boxes are not ticked.
7. Go to the Network tab and check that the Connected to Tool Channel (Ch3) is
selected, Baudrate is 1 Mbit, Modbus timeout is 0 and Network Type is Ring.
90
8. In the Network tab, click Ethernet Settings and check the DHCP enabled box.
9. Save settings by clicking OK and rebooting the module.
How to create a full Backup Package and save it in the .BPG format
While creating a Backup Package, the converter must be in remote control (not
controlled from the DriveWIndow).
Make a Backup Package with DriveWindow separately from each converter as
follows:
1. Open a new backup folder by selecting from the File menu System Software /
New / Backup Package.
2. Select from the File menu System Software / Backup command.
3. Select the appropriate converter and press Backup.
4. The backing up takes a few minutes.
5. Select from the File menu System Software / Save as command. Select a folder
where you will save the Backup Package.
6. Give a file name to your Backup Package and press Save.
7. Close your folder by selecting from the File menu System Software / Close
command.
91
7
6
5
What is a Backup Package

A Backup Package is similar to a Loading Package. It is a single PC file with a
filename extension of .BPG.
A Backup Package can be opened, saved, saved with a new name and closed.
Backup and restore commands can be performed only if a Backup Package is open.
92
How to restore a backup file into the RMIO board

Restore a backup file into the RMIO board as follows:
1. Select from the File menu System Software / Open command.
2. In the Open box, select the backup package and press Open.
3. Select System Software / Restore command.
4. Select the converter into which you want to restore the backup file.
5. Select the right backup file from the backup folder. (It may contain more than one
backup.)
6. If you are sure of the restoring, press Yes.
7. Do not operate the converter or PC during the restoring.
Note: You cannot restore any converter while another converter is in local control.
93
3
4
5 4
94
How to save a parameter file (.dwp) to the PC

Save a parameter file to the PC with DriveWindow as follows:
1. Select the converter.
2. From the File menu, select Parameters / Save as command. If the command is
disabled (gray), press the Drive / Take Control button (a).
3. Give a file name, locate the file in your hard disc and press Save.
4. Write a comment and press OK.
a
1
2
Note: If the converter is running while the parameter file is saved, it will not be
possible to edit the parameters off-line. The parameter file remains in the read-only
status. Therefore, create always a full Backup Package for backup purposes. See
section How to create a full Backup Package and save it in the .BPG format on page
90.
95
How to download parameters into the wind turbine converter

Download parameters into the converter as follows:
1. In the remote control mode, select the converter.
2. From the File menu, select the Parameters/Download command.
3. In the Download box, select the backup file and press Open.
4. Tick Restore user data (1098) for the restore type. Press OK.
Note: Set parameters into group 99 manually afterwards.
5. If you are sure to proceed, press Yes. If Version conflict info appears, contact
ABB.
Note: After downloading, check the parameters of groups 56 and 58 if an Adaptive
Program is in use.
96
|
Contact ABB
97

This chapter describes the warnings, limits and faults of the wind turbine converter
and refers to descriptions of the warning and fault messages and LEDs given in
other manuals.
Warnings
Abnormal statuses are indicated by the converter warning words and messages.
Limits
The converter control programs limit, for example, current, torque, power, speed and
overvoltage. The performance of the limiters can be controlled by parameters.
The activation of the limits is indicated in limit words, for example in signals 08.03
LIMIT WORD 1 and 08.04 LIMIT WORD 2 in the System Control Program.
Current limit
Current is typically limited if it reaches either the rated value of the converter or the
user-defined value, parameter 20.04 MAXIMUM CURRENT in the System Control
Program.
Torque limit
The converter calculates shaft torque every 25 microsecond.
Torque is typically limited when
the limit defined by parameter 20.05 MAXIMUM TORQUE is met
some factor in the torque reference chain requires it, see section Torque
reference chain on page 102
the pull-out torque of the generator approaches the torque reference.
Power limit
Parameters 20.17 P MOTORING LIM and 20.18 P GENERATING LIM define the
maximum allowed power flows, see section Torque reference chain on page 102.
Speed limit
See sections How to set parameter 20.01 MINIMUM SPEED and How to set the
maximum speed limit (parameters 20.02 MAXIMUM SPEED and 20.11 FREQ TRIP
MARGIN) on page 81.
98
Faults
The converter protects itself with many functions. When a protection function is
activated, the wind turbine converter is immediately stopped (tripped) to avoid
damages. A fault does not necessary mean that there is any material failure in the
converter.
How to identify the fault and what to do in a specific fault situation
Each RMIO board contains a fault logger. The latest faults and warnings are stored
together with the time stamp at which the event was detected. The fault logger
collects 64 of the most recent available pieces of information concerning faults (such
as fault, warning, reset and system messages) into the fault buffer in the RAM
memory. The latest 16 inputs are stored to the flash memory at the beginning of an
auxiliary power supply loss if an internal +24 V power supply is used.
Each RMIO board also contains data loggers 1 and 2. They are used to monitor
signals and to store them for later retrieval and analysis. The contents of the data
loggers are stored to the RAM memory.
The fault logger can be browsed in DriveWindow under the Fault tab and the data
loggers under the Data logger tab. For more information, refer to DriveWindow
Users Manual (3BFE64560981 [English]).
Compare the warning and fault messages of the fault logger to the messages listed
in the firmware manual. Most warning and fault causes can be identified and
corrected using the information in the fault tracing tables.
Before contacting ABB, see section Product and service inquiries on page 12.
LEDs of the wind turbine converter

Refer to ACS800-77LC hardware manual (3AFE68802172 [English]).
Warning and fault messages

Refer to
(3AUA0000075077 [English])
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive Control Program Firmware
Manual (3AFE64492641 [English])
Wind Turbine Applications Configuration and Control Program Firmware Manual
99
How to check the line voltage measurement

If an OVERCURRENT fault occurs during the start-up when the operation of the
wind turbine converter is tested, or if the grid fault ride-through function fails, make
the checks described in the table below.
Step
Action
Check the value of grid-side converter parameter 01.11 MAINS

VOLTAGE.
Refer to ISU FW:

If the voltage level is correct, the
communication between NAMU-01
board and DDCS channel 2 of the
grid-side converter control board is
OK.
Check the phase sequence of the grid-side converter grid voltage

measurement:
Monitor the following grid-side converter signals with DriveWindow
Datalogger at 1 ms intervals:
02.20 FLUX X ACT (converter actual signal)
02.21 FLUX Y ACT (converter actual signal).
02.22 FLUX X NET ACT (NAMU-01 measured signal)
02.23 FLUX Y NET ACT (NAMU-01 measured signal)
Start the Datalogger and trigger it manually. Upload Datalogger information. An example view of the Datalogger
is shown below.
If signals 02.22 FLUX X NET ACT and 02.20 FLUX X ACT are in phase
and signals 02.23 FLUX Y NET ACT and 02.21 FLUX Y ACT are in
phase, the measurement phase sequence is OK.
Note: If the signals are not in phase,

check the grid voltage measurement
cabling of the grid-side converter
NAMU-01 measuring unit and
correct the phase sequence.
100
101

This appendix contains some control block diagrams of the System Control Program.
For more information, refer to System Control Program Firmware Manual
Main control word control

R e la y o u tp u t
D ig ita l in p u ts
N O
E M E R G E N C Y
S T O P
E M E S T O P M O D E
D I1
C H A R G IN G
L O G IC
R U N
E V E N T
D I2
E N A B L E
F e e d b a c k o f D C s w itc h
w ith M u ltid r iv e s y s te m s
R 2 i...R 5 i, R 7 i
8 .0 2 b 4
R U N
2 1 .0 4
E M S T O P D E R M A X L
2 1 .0 5
E M S T O P D E R M IN L
2 1 .0 6
E M S T O P D E C M O N
D E L
S T O P
F U N C T IO N
IN T E R N A L M C W
C O N T R O L
O F F 3
2 1 .0 7
L O C A L E M S T O P M O D E
Z E R O
R O 1
E M
&
2 1 .1 2
S P E E D L IM IT
O F F 2
2 0 .0 3
&
L O C A L C O N T R O L
D IS A B L E D
E M E R G E N C Y
S T O P
8 .0 1 b 4
O F F 2 S T A
8 .0 2 b 5
O F F 3 S T A
8 .0 1 b 1 4
M O D U L A T IN G
8 .0 1 b 1 3
R U N
IN T E R L O C K
1 6 .0 1
H A N D /A U T O
D I
1 0 .0 7
F ie ld b u s
A d a p te r
R M B A -0 1
C O M M M O D U L E
9 8 .0 2
P a r.
g ro u p
9 0 , 9 2
R E A D /
W R IT E
F U N C
N -ty p e o f
F ie ld b u s
D S 1 0
....
D S 2 4
F ie ld b u s
A d a p te rs
D S 1 .1
S T D
M O D B U S
4
S U P P L Y U N IT C O N T R O L A C T IV A T E D
A D V A N T /N -F B
I/O
F IE L D B U S
2
N O
1
S U P P L Y U N IT M S W
C O N T R O L
*)
A U T O
S T A R T / S T O P
S T A R T /S T O P
D I
1 0 .0 1
I/O
Z E R O
S P E E D
S T O P F U N C T IO N
S P E E D L IM IT
R E S E T
1 0 .0 3
U S E D M C W
2 .2 6
R U N
A U T O
R E S E T
7 .0 1
S T A T E
M A C H IN E
D S 8 1 .1
A B B
A u t o m a t io n ,
Z E R O
O F F 3
O F F 2
M C W
L O C A L M C W
A B B
D R IV E
P R O F IL E
D I
8 .0 2 b 1 1
2 1 .0 3
2 0 .0 3
I/O
S T A R T
/ S T O P
L O G IC
O F F
R U N
R A M P
IN Z E R O
R E S E T
IN T E R L O C K
R E S T A R T
2 1 .0 9
R E S T A R T T IM E
2 1 .1 0
C H 0 T IM E O U T
7 0 .0 4
C H 0 C O M
M C W
R U N
b it 0 R D Y _ O N
L O S S C T R L
7 0 .0 5
R U N
> 1
&
&
1 6 .1 4
A U T O R E S T A R T
F U N C T IO N
C H 0 / F IE L D B U S
C O M M L O S S
C O N T R O L
R A M P O U T Z E R O
R A M P IN
Z E R O
b it 0
b it 3
b it 6
b it 7
I/O
C O N T R O L
S U P P L Y U N IT
C O N T R O L
( w ith s in g le d r iv e s )
* ) N o t e ! R U N I N T E R L O C K c a n b e c o n n e c t e d to e .g . d ig ita l in p u t b y A d a p t iv e P r o g r a m m in g .
O N b it0
R E S E T B it 7
D D C S
C H 1
c o m m u n ic a t io n
x x .x x
Input for reference or command
x x .x x
Parameter (saved to FLASH memory)
x .x x
Read only signal
x .x x > x
Bit of packed boolean word
102
Torque reference chain

F O L L R E F S E L A C W 2 = O N
7 .0 3 b 6
F O L L T O R Q U E R E F = O N
7 .0 3 b 8
F O L L T O R Q
R E F = M A S T E R
7 0 .1 8
C H 2 M /F M O D E = F O L L O W E R
7 0 .0 8
&
L O A D S H A R E
T R E F T O R Q
M A X
2 0 .0 9
T R E F T O R Q
M IN
2 0 .1 0
D S 4 1 .3
r /
e r
a tio n
c e
D S T O R Q
2 .2 0
M A S T E R F O L L O W E R T O R Q U E R E F
R E F A
U S E D T O R Q
R E F A
T R E F T O R Q
M A X L IM
8 .0 3 b 8
2 5 .0 3
D A T A S E T
M a s te
F o llo w
a p p lic
in te r fa
L IM IT E R
T O R Q
R E F 1
2 .0 8
M O T O R
1 .0 4
O S C
S P E E D
C O M P E N S A T IO N
C O M P E N S A T IO N
O S C IL L A T IO N
D A M P IN G
O S C IL L A T IO N F R E Q
2 6 .0 5
O S C IL L A T IO N P H A S E
2 6 .0 6
O S C IL L A T IO N G A IN
2 6 .0 7
2 6 .0 2
T O R Q U E R E F 5
T O R Q U E R E F 4
2 .1 1
T O R Q U E R E F 3
2 .1 0
2 6 .0 4
T O R Q U E S E L E C T O R
2 6 .0 1
R E F A F T C
L O A D
S U B
2 6 .0 3
MINIMUM SPEED
F R E Q U E N C Y M A X
2 9 .0 2
F R E Q U E N C Y M IN
2 9 .0 3
F R E Q
2 0 .1 1
T R IP M A R G IN
T O R Q U E R E F 1
A B B
A u t o m a t io n
D S 8 1 .3
C O M M
P a r.
g ro u p
9 0 , 9 2
R E A D /
W R IT E
F U N C .
D S 1 0
....
N -ty p e o f
F ie ld b u s
A d a p te rs
D S 2 4
N -ty p e o f
F ie ld b u s
A d a p te rs
M O D U L E
F ro m
9 8 .0 2
D S 1 0 .3
D S 1 .3
A D V A N T /N -F B
F IE L D B U S
2
N O
F R E Q L IM IT
8 .0 3 b 1 5
2 5 .0 1
D S 1 .3
T O R Q U E C O N T R O L
&
I/O
9 8 .0 2
9 8 .0 2
M O D U L E = N O
R E F
T O R Q D C L IM
2 .2 3
R E F
1 .1 0
3 0 .2 2
U N D E R V O L T T O R Q
U P
2 0 .1 5
U N D E R V O L T T O R Q
D N
2 0 .1 6
O V E R V O L T A G E C T L
3 0 .2 3
U N D E R
V O L T A G E
C O N T R O L
O V E R
V O L T A G E
C O N T R O L
D C
U N D E R V O L T L IM
8 .0 3 b 1 2
D C
O V E R V O L T L IM
8 .0 3 b 1 3
R A M P
P O W E R
L IM IT
C A L C .
2 5 .0 4
T O R Q
> 1
T O R Q
R A M P U P
2 5 .0 5
T O R Q
R A M P D O W N
2 5 .0 6
D C L IM
R E F
F R E Q U E N C Y
F IE L D B U S T O R Q U E R E F B
(N -ty p e o r R M B A -0 1 )
T O R Q U E R E F E R E N C E C H A IN - S Y S T E M
A P P L IC A T IO N
P G E N E R A T IN G
2 0 .1 8
p a g e 7 (1 0 )
L IM
R E F
1 .0 5
T O R Q
F L U X U S E D
P M O T O R IN G L IM
2 0 .1 7
P M O T O R IN G
8 .0 4 b 0
L IM
T O R Q U E
L IM IT
C A L C
T O R Q U E
L IM IT E R
T O R Q P O W
2 .2 4
2 .2 3
T O R Q U E R E F E R E N C E B
N o te ! W ith o th e r R - ty p e o f F ie ld b u s m o d u le s ,
to r q u e r e fe r e n c e is a s s ig n e d b y P a r . g r o u p 5 1 .
L IM
s p e e d c o n tr o lle r
T O R Q U E R E F B
L O C A L R E F
C O M M
V O L T A G E
U N D E R V O L T A G E C T L
A D D
2 .0 9
F ro m
M O D U L E = F IE L D B U S
D C
M IN
T O R Q U E R E F 2
T O R Q U E R E F A
F R E Q
D C
V O L T A G E
L IM IT E R
2 .2 2
M A X
R - t y p e o f F ie ld b u s A d a p t e r
W ith R - ty p e o f F ie ld b u s a d a p te r s , d e f in e to r q u e r e fe r e n c e
T O R Q U E R E F A o r B in p a r a m e te r g r o u p 5 1 .
C O M M
to r q u e r e fe r e n c e c h a in
S T D M O D B U S
R E F
22.02
T O R Q
T O R Q U E
2 .0 8
L IM
F R E Q M IN L IM IT
8 .0 3 b 1 0
S P E E D
S T D M O D B U S
R M B A -0 1
F R E Q
2 .2 2
F R E Q M A X L IM IT
8 .0 3 b 1 1
2 5 .0 2
T O R Q
1 .0 5
22.01
MAXIMUM SPEED
T O R Q U E S E L E C T O R
F R E Q
L IM IT E R
2 .1 2
F R E Q U E N C Y
F IL T E R
2 .2 8
T O R Q
T O R Q U E S T E P
S P E E D R E F 4
2 .1 8
T R E F T O R Q
M IN L IM
8 .0 3 b 7
TORQUE SELECTOR
26.01
L IM
P G E N E R A T IN G
8 .0 4 b 1
L IM
R E F
2 .1 4
F R E Q
2 .2 2
L IM
R E F
M O T O R
T O R Q M A X L IM
8 .0 3 b 6
M IN IM U M
T O R Q U E
2 0 .0 6
M A X IM U M
T O R Q U E
2 0 .0 5
T O R Q M IN
8 .0 3 b 5
P U L L O U T T C O E F M A X
2 0 .1 2
P U L L O U T T C O F M IN
2 0 .1 3
T O R Q M O T O R
8 .0 3 b 0
T O R Q U S E D
2 .1 3
L IM
L IM
C U R R E N T
1 .0 6
M A X IM U M
C U R R E N T
2 0 .0 4
IN V E R T E R
M A X IM U M
C U R R E N T
T O R Q U S E R
8 .0 3 b 3
2 1 .0 1
S T A R T
C O N T R O L
A U T O
D C M A G N
M O T O R T O R Q U E
F L U X R E F
1 .0 8
2 1 .0 2
U S E D M C W
2 .2 6
F L U X
B R A K IN G
F L U X
O P T IM IS A T IO N
F L U X M IN
2 7 .0 5
C N S T D C M A G N
S T A R T
S T A R T F L U X
R E F E R E N C E
D IR E C T T O R Q U E
a n d F L U X
H Y S T E R E S IS
C O N T R O L
F IE L D
W E A K E N IN G
F L U X U S E D R E F
2 7 .0 1
T O R Q U E U S E D R E F
F L U X M A X
2 7 .0 4
F L U X M IN
2 7 .0 5
2 7 .0 2
M O T O R N O M
F R E Q
F R E Q U E N C Y
1 .0 5
D C V O L T A G E
1 .1 0
IN T E R N A L
F L U X R E F
C A L C U L A T IO N
8 .0 3 b 9
2 .2 1
A S IC
C o n tr o l b its
2 .1 3
A C S 8 0 0
T o r q b its
F lu x b its
2 .1 4
2 7 .0 3
F L U X B R A K IN G
F L U X O P T IM IS A T IO N
C O N S T M A G N T IM E
O p tim a l
S w itc h in g
C o n tro l
F L U X M IN L IM IT
F IE L D W K P O IN T A C T
F L U X A C T
2 .1 5
1 .0 8
M O T O R M O D E L
C A L C U L A T E
A C T U A L V A L U E S
E S T IM A T E a n d
C A L C U L A T E
M O T O R T O R Q U E
D C V O L T A G E A C T U A L
C U R R E N T A C T U A L
x x .x x
A T IO N
p a g e 9 (1 0 )
Input for reference or command
x x .x x
Parameter (saved to FLASH memory)
x .x x
Read only signal
x .x x > x
Bit of packed boolean word
C U R L IM
T O R Q IN V C U R L IM
8 .0 3 b 4
Flux and DTC control

S T A R T F U N C T IO N
R E F
ABB Inc.
Automation Technologies
Drives & Motors
16250 West Glendale Drive
New Berlin, WI 53151
USA
Telephone
262 785-3200
800-HELP-365
Fax
262 780-5135
Internet
www.abb.com
ABB Beijing Drive Systems Co. Ltd.

No. 1, Block D, A-10 Jiuxianqiao Beilu
Chaoyang District
Beijing, P.R. China, 100015
Telephone
+86 10 5821 7788
Fax
+86 10 5821 7618
Internet
www.abb.com
EFFECTIVE: 2010-10-11
3AUA0000040012 Rev B / EN
ABB Oy
AC Drives
P.O. Box 184
FI-00381 HELSINKI
FINLAND
Telephone
+358 10 22 11
Fax
+358 10 22 22681
Internet
www.abb.com

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ACS800

System description and start-up guide

ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter (back-to-back) system

WIND TURBINE CONVERTER HARDWARE MANUAL

SUPPLY UNIT FIRMWARE MANUAL

INVERTER UNIT FIRMWARE MANUALS AND GUIDES

NETA-01 Ethernet Adapter User's Manual

NWPM-01 Modbus Adapter Module Users Manual

APBU-44C(E) PPCS Branching and Datalogger Unit

RAIO-01 Analogue I/O Extension User's Manual

To download a manual, go to www.abb.com/drives and select Document Library.

ACS800-77LC wind turbine converter

System description and start-up guide

2010 ABB Oy. All Rights Reserved.

Practical examples, questions and answers

Control block diagrams

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Purpose of the manual

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Contents of this manual

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Contents of other related manuals

type code description

planning the electrical installation

hardware start-up of the converter

hardware-based fault tracing

description, instructions and technical data of the internal cooling system

RMIO board specification

Actual signals and parameters

System Control Program Firmware Manual (3AFE64670646 [English])

Actual signals and parameters

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Product and service inquiries

Providing feedback on ABB Drives manuals

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Abbreviations and terms

Auxiliary Control Unit. Contains auxiliary control devices.

Distributed Drives Communication System (a communication protocol used in

Direct Torque Control

Inverter Unit. Forms the generator-side converter.

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor. A voltage-controlled semiconductor type widely

IGBT Supply Unit. Forms the grid-side converter.

Passive line filter

Ethernet Adapter Module. Optional module for browser-based remote monitoring

Modbus Adapter Module

Power Plate Communication System (a communication protocol used in the

Generator-side or grid-side converter module frame size

DDCS Communication Option Module. A satellite board that can be snapped on

Digital I/O extension module (optional)

Ethernet Adapter module

Modbus Adapter Module (optional)

Resolver Interface Module (optional)

Total Harmonic Distortion

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Uninterruptible Power Supply

What this chapter contains

Wind turbine converter

Wind turbine control

Wind turbine converter

Pact = 3 Uline I cos

Qact = 3 Uline I 1 - cos

Pref = f (UDC,ref - UDC,act)

performance coefficient, tip speed ratio, pitch angle