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IS 2572 (2005): Construction of hollow and solid concrete


block masonry - Code of practice [CED 53: Cement Matrix
Products]

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IS 2572:2005

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Indian Standard
CONSTRUCTION
OF HOLLOW AND SOLID
CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY
CODE OF PRACTICE
( First Revision)

ICS 91.080.30; 91,100.30

0 B1S2005

BUREAU
MANAK

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN
9

NEW
,Ycptember

2005

STANDARDS

BAHADUR
DELHI

SHAH

ZAFAR

MARG

110002
Price

Group

Celment Matrix Products Sectional Committee, CED 53

FOREWORD
This lndian Standard ( First Revision)
the Cement Matrix

was adopted by the Bureau oflndian Standards, after the draft finalized

Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering

Division

by

Council.

Hollow concrete block is an important addition to the types of masonry units available to the builder and its use
for masonry work is on constant increase in this country. Some of the advantages of hollow concrete block construction
are reduced mortar consumption,

light weight and greater speed of work compared to brick masonry.

Concrete

masonry block-is well known in many countries of the world and experience in these countries has added considerably
to the knowledge and confidence about its role in building construction.
blocks has often been the development

A major difficulty with the use of concrete

of cracks due to shrinkage but experience

has shown that a few basic

precautions during construction will ensure successful performance of the masonry with freedom from this defect.
Since many builders in this country are yet to become familiar

with the use of concrete blocks, guidance in the

form of a code of pract ice wil I help them to appreciate the essential constructional details and adopt hollow concrete
block masonry in a larger scale wherever it is economical.
This standard

is being proposed

This standard was, therefore, first formulated

with a view to incorporate

modifications

found necessary

in 1963.

as a result of

experience gained with the use of this standard and to bring the standard in line with the present practices being
followed, The principal modifications in this revision are as follows:
a)

Provision for use of additional

types of cements has been incorporated,

b)

Reference to appropriate Indian Standards for different raw materials, guidelines for their stacking at site,
etc, has been included,

c)

For avoiding cracks in mortar


joints

additional provision of use of lime, preferably hydrated lirWe; marble

powder, gypsum, etc. has been included.


d)
e)

Provisions along with the guidance for the use of special blocks at appropriate locations have been included.
Method for providing cement concrete gola in the parapet wall -without cutting chase in the masonry has
been included.

f)

Provisions for door and windows have also been slightly modified for jambs and sills by providing reinforced
concrete.

g.)
h)

Additional

methods of bonding the intersecting walls by using tie bars, have been suggested.

Provision of cement pointing in mortar joints of masonry for external as well as internal wall surfaces have
been elaborated.

The Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard has taken into consideration the views of producers,
consumers and technologists

and has related the standard to the trade practices followed

in the country in this

field.
This standard is one of a series of Indian Standard on codes of practice covering masonry construction.

Other

standards in the series are:


1S No.

Title

IS 1905:1987

Code of practice for structural use of unreinforced

1s2212:

Code of pract ice for brickwork

1991

1S 6041:1985

revision

Code of practice for construction of autoclave


(first

IS 6042:1969

(jirst

revision

masonry (first

revision

cellular concrete block masonry

Code of-practice for construction of light weight concrete block masonry

( Continued

on third

cover)

IS 2572:2005

Indian Standard
CONSTRUCTION
OF HOLLOW AND SOLID
CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY
CODE OF PRACTICE
( First Revision)
4.2

1 SCOPE

All information

as given in 4.1 shall be made

available to those who are responsible for the masonry

This standard covers the construction of walls and


partitions with precast hollow and solid concrete
blocks as per IS 2185 ( Part I ) :2004
for concrete

masonry

work.
Necessary drawings and instructions
planning the work shall be furnished.

for

Specification

units : Part 1 Hollow

solid concrete blocks ( second revision

4.3 Arrangements shall also be made for the proper

and

exchange

).

of information

between

those engaged

in masonry work and al I those whose work will effect


2

REFERENCES

The Indian

or will be affected.

Standards

listed in Annex

A contain

5 PROGRAMMING

OF THE WORK

provisions which through reference in this text,


constitute provisions of this standard. At the time

5.1 In preparing a time schedule, the masonry work

of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All

shall be considered in relation to other works and so

standards

ordered that the work of the various tradesmen do

are subject

agreementsbased

to revision

and parties

to

not interfere with each other.

on these standards are encouraged

to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent

5.2 Particular attention shall be paid tothe following

editions of the standards indicated in Annex A.

items:

3 TERMINOLOGY
For

general

a)

terms

with

regard

works, reference may be madeto1S2185

to

( Part 1 ) and

the walls and partitions where the various


operations are interdependent.

1s2212.
4

Timing of the erection of adjacent+tructural


work shou Id correspond to the erectionof

masonry

NECESSARY

b)

INFORMATION

Installation of conduits and services within,


on the face of or through

4.1 For efficient planning, design and execution of


the work, detailed
following

information

shall be furnished

with regard to the

c)

to those responsible

of finishes to adjacent walls,

be finished, before the application of finishes


Layout plans showing the watls, position of
d)

Time intervals as-and-when necessary, to allow

columns, etc.

parts of the masonry work and finishes to

Detailed

dry out and mature before the commencement

dirnen<ions of the structure with

of subsequent operation.

details of sections, showing reinforced bands,


ties, etc.
c)

Application

to the walls and partitions concerned.

doors, windows and other openings, stairs,

b)

and

floors and ceilings which may be required to

for work:
a)

the walls

partitions.

5.3

Full details of architectural features, mouldings

The time schedule shall include dates for the

following:

and other special work such as fittings attached


a)

to or embedded in the masonry.


d)

b)

Delivery

of materials,

accessories;

Location and other details of service lines,


c)

such as-for water supply, drainage, sewerage,

masonry units and

and

Commencement and completion of the various


operations involved in the construction and
finish of the walls and partitions.

electrical installations, telephone, cable TV,


etc.
0

for

Details of fixing of door and window frames


to ]nzrsonry wall.

e)

Supply of drawings and specifications


materials to be used;

5.4 Internal walls and partitions, ifnon-load-bearing

The grade of blocks.


1

IS 2572:2005
and bonded or tied to the tlanking framework,

6.7 Fiy Ash

shall

preferably be erected simultaneously with it, but where


it is not practicable

Fly ash conforming to IS 3812(

to do so, they may be erected

as part replacement
up to a maximum

afterwards, the necessary provision for their support


and for bonding or tying their ends to the main structure

Part 1 ) maybe used

of ordinary Portland cement


of 20 percent,
provided

homogeneous mixing is ensured.

being made at the appropriate tilme.


%.8 Additives
6 MATERIALS
Additives used, if any, shall conform to IS 9103.

6.1 Masonry

Units

6:9 Mortar

Hollow and solid concrete blocks used as masonry


units shall conform to 1S 2185 ( Part 1 ).

6.9.1

6.2 Cement

dry hydrated lime shall be fully slaked in accordance

Mortar shall be composed of cement, lime and

sand, unless otherwise specified.

All lime other than

with 1S 1635.
Cement shall conform to IS 269 or IS 455 or
IS 1489( Part I )orlS
1489 (Part 2)or IS34660r
1S 8041 orlS8043

6.9.2

Hollow

concrete blocks shall be embedded

with a mortar which is relatively weaker than the mix

or IS81 12orlS 12269.

used for making blocks in order to avoid the formation


of cracks. A rich or strong mortar tends to make a

6.3 Lime

wall too rigid thus localizing the effects of minor


movements due to temperature and moisture variations

Lime shall conform to IS 712. The lime shall be of


Class C, uniess otherwise specified.

resulting in cracking of the blocks. The recommended


proportions of mortar measured by volume are given

6.4 Water

in Table 1.
Water

shall

be clean

and free

from

injurious
6.9.3

amounts of deleterious materials. Portable water is


generally considered satisfactory for use in masonry
mortar. For further requirements regarding limits of
deleterious

materials

permitted

All mortar shall be prepared in accordance

with IS 2250.
6.10 Concrete

in water, reference

Concrete used for filling cells in hollow concrete


block masonry when.reinforced, shall be composed

may be made to IS 456.

of one part of cement, two parts of sand, three parts


of coarse aggregate and when unreinforced it shall

6.5 Sand
Sand for masonry work shall conform to 1S 2116.

be composed of one part of cement, three parts of

Sand for concrete

sand, six parts of coarse aggregate. The cell containing

work

shall

conform

for the

requirements of 1S 383.

reinforcement

6.6 Coarse

cement coarse sand mortar 1 :3. The mortar or concrete

Aggregate

bars may alternatively

be filled using

shall be properly pumped or rodded or vibrated for


Coarse aggregate, where used shall conform to 1S 383.

Table 1 Mix Proportions

compaction.

of Mortar for Hollow and Solid Concrete Block Masonry


( Clause 6.9.2 )
Normal Masonry Without

Type of \Vork

S1 No.

Rein forccmcat

,Cemcnt

(~)

(1)

Normal

i)
ii)

Work

When exposed In severe conditions


or where the intensity of load is
high such as ~n foundations,
pilusters
or portions
of wall
directly
below
heavily
lim31s and beams

iii)

Partitions
thicknms

of

Lim
(4)

(3)

i ()() mm

sand
(5)

Ihlasonry Where
Rcinforcernent is (lsed
Cement

sand

(6)

(7)

7-8

9-10

6-7

4-5

7-8

5-6

loaded

nominal

NOTE AItcrnative sand proportions are given for the mortar mixes in the table so thot where the sand is well graded
between the maximum and minimum particle sizes specitied in 6.5 the higher figure should be adopted, but where the
sand is not eraded and is rather tine. the lower sand content should be used.

IS 2572:2005

7 DESIGN

walls may be used provided they are suitably braced

CONSIDERATIONS

and reinforced by lateral or vertical supports.

7. I -Choice of Type of Wall

7.2.2
The type of wall for different situations
concrete block masonry shall be as under:

Parupe[

Walls

of use
Unless adequately braced at intervals not exceeding
3 m, the height of the wall shall be limited to five times

a)

External and internal load bearing wall shall

its thickness.

be of hollow concrete blocks of appropriate


thickness. Exposed walls shall be rendered

7.2.3

externally with cement plaster in accordance


with 12,1 or cement pointing be done with

7.3 Modular Co-ordination

7.3.1

In special
cases where high thermal
insulation is reqliired, cavity walls having

half-length

units.

7.3.2 The cutting of units at the site shall be restricted

solid concrete block may be used. To ensure

to the minimum.

adequate impermeability

co-ordination

for the walls the

Attention shall be paid to modular

while fixing

the overall

length and

exterior surface of external walls shall be


plastered with cement mortar in accordance

height of the wall; width and height of door, window


and other openings; and wall dimensions between

with 12.

doors, window and corners. All horizontal dimensions

In block work below plinth level, where

shall be in multiples of nominal half-length of the


units and all vertical dimensions shall be multiples

it is not required
for reinforced

to use hollow

blocks

of full-height

block work p-urposes, solid

block shall be used. Likewise in case of


unreinforced
load bearing hollow block

units.

7.4 Avoidance of Crack Formation

7.4.1

The major causes of cracks in the str-ucture

structure, solid blocks shall be used below


plinth level. In case hollow block are used

of hollow

below plinth level their cells shall be filled

measures for their preventions are described in 7.4.2

up with 1 :3:6

to 7.4.3.2.

concrete. The inner and outer

leave shall be interconnected


by use of appropriate

for stability

7.4.2

bands.

Unless otherwise

specified,

block

wall

or partition

and

Struc(w[\l
A40vemctz[s

or orientation of the structural members enclosing


a w~ll or partition due to load settlement, thermal

the design and

expansion

construction of concrete block masonry walls ~hall


conform to the requirements
of IS 1905.
The
earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of

thickness

or changes in moisture

content.

precautions to be taken for prevention


in 7.4.2.1 to 7.4.2.3.

t3uildings shall be as per IS 4326.


The nominal

concrete

Cracks may arise from alterations in length. curvature

7.2 Strength and Stability

7.2.1.1

co-ordination

with a view to making the maximum use of full and

concrete blocks or having the outer leaf of


hollow concrete block and the inner of

7.2.1

Hollow concrete block walls shall preferably

be planned on the basis of modular

either both the inner and outer leaves of hollow

c)

Supports

Lateral supports shall be as per 4.2 of IS 1905.

7.2.3.1

richer mortar to effect economy and retain


the finish of the block surface.
b)

Laterc]l

7.4.2.1

The

shall be as

In the case of framed structure, erection of

partitions and panel walls shall be delayed wherever

of load bearing

masonry built witb holicmv concrete blocks shall be

possible until the frame has taken up as much as

not less than 200 mm.

possible any deformation occurring due to structural


loads.

The designer shall make

assessment about the thickness


based on level

of wall

storey ), compressive
reinforcement,
7.2. I.2

7.2.1.3

of wall

required

and number

strength of blocks,

of

7.4.2.2

mortar,

etc.

The minimum

Ioad-bearing

( floor

FoI,floor

The floor
nominal

deflect

thickness of non-

internal partitions shall he !00 mm.

upon which

under

partition

ckformation

load

is built.

and movement

a partition

brought

upon

is built
it after

Where such deflections

may
the

tend to

create non-continuous bearing, the partition shall be


strong enough to span between the points of

The minimum nominal thickness of external

panel walls in framed construction shall preferably


be not less than 200 mm. ]However, depending upQn

least floor deflection or shall be capable of adapting

the local conditions and the desired effect of thermal

cracking.
horizontal

itself to the altered conditions

transmission and sound reduction, 150 mm thick panel


3

of support without

This may be achieved by embedding


reinforcement such as 6 mm diameter

IS 2572:2005

or, if

it would be advisable to use blocks with moisture

possible, by providing a reinforced concrete band at


every 400 mm height. This can also be achieved by
using,joint reinforcement as per 7.5.5.1 of IS 6042.

content of not more than 25 percent of the maximum


w-ater absorption of the blocks.

7.4.2.3

shall be made by means of suitably designed control

bars or any other

suitable

reinforcement

Provision for shrinkage of hollow concrete blocks wal Is


Ceiling

A ceiling

above

d<jleclion

a wall

under loads applied

(w movement

or partition

after its erection,

joints.

may deflect
or through

about 15 to 18 m in walls which are connected by cross


walls at longer or closer intervals. Control joints shall

thermal or other movements. The wall or partition


shall be separated from the ceiling by a gap, or by a
layer of resilient material. to avoid cracking as a
result of such deflection.

In free unsupported walls or partitions such

joints shall be provided at intervals of 8 to 10 m and

also be provided at junctions of load bearing and nonIoad bearing walls and at junctions
partitions.

Where this cannot be done,

the risk of m-ackin.g, in the case of plastered finishes,


may be diminished to some extent by reinforcement

7.4.3.2

of the joint between the ceiling and the wall or


partition, or by forming a cut between the ceiling

For moven]ent

of columns and

due to changes

in tenlperotlirt

Small movements take place in hollow concrete block


walls due to changes in temperature. It is, therefore.

plaster and the wall plaster.

necessary to make provision for expansion and also.


Coiumns or other structural elements against which
a wal I orpartition abuts may deflector move because
of load, settlement. shrinkage or thermal effects. In

walls around cold rooms, boiler houses, etc.

order to avoid cracking of walls or partitions as a result

30 m.

of such movements,

a slip joint

where possible, preferabl}


material.

particularly, contraction in walls of long buildings or

shall be provided

packed with a resilient

7.4.3.3

For

cracks

So as to avoid

7.4.3

Shrinkage

or Exputl.~ion

of Wall or Partition

leaner -than the mix used for producing the blocks

more workable by making it mm-e plastic and imparting


the property of autogenows healing.

precaution or prevention shall be as given in 7.4.3.1


and 7.4.3.2.
due to changes

hydrated

lime, marble powder and gypsum. to make the+mortar

of its elements due to changes in moisture content,


thermal effects or unsoundness of the materials. The

movements

this crack it is essential that the

but should also contain lime, preferably

from expansion of the wall or partition as a whole or

For

in mortur,joints

mortar used for hollow block masonry is not only

Cracking may occur from shrinkage, or, less frequently

7.4.3.1

An

expansion joint should be provided in walls exceeding

8 STORAGE

in moisture

8.1

AND HANDLING

OF MATERIALS

The blocks shall be stored in such a way as to

avoid any contact with moisture on the site.

Dimensional
stability of hollow concrete blocks
is greatly affected by variations of moisture content

They

in the units. The shrinkage of cement concrete block

shall be stock-piled on planks or other supports


free from contact with the ground and covered to

is much greater at the time. it dries for the first time

protect

than due to subsequent wetting and re-drying,

handled

it is

so that their initial

shrinkage

with

wetting.

The

care and damaged

block

shall

be

units shall

be

rejected ( see [//.YoIS 4082 ).

therefore essential that care should be taken to dry


them thoroughly

against

is

8.2

completed before the blocks are used in the wall. Not

Cement,

lime, aggregates, and other masonry

materials shal I be stored and handled as laid down in

only well dried blocks should be used, but these


should also be laid dry except slightly moistening

the relevant Indian Standard specifications

for these

materials ( see a/so IS 4082 ).

their surfaces on which mortar is to be applied to


obviate absorption of water from the mortar: and even

9 PREPARATORY

WORK

during curing of the mortar joints, the walls should

9.1 Wetting-of

only be lightly moistened and shall not be allowed


to become excessively wet till they are plastered or

Blocks

The blocks need not be wetted

painted.

laying in the walls.

before or during

In case the climatic conditions

It is necessary that the moisture content of the blocks

so require,

when used does not exceed 40 percent of their maximum

may only be slightly

water absorption capacity where the relative humidity

absorption

of air does not average less than 60 percent. But when

the development of the required bond with the mortar

the relative humidity averages less than this amount,

( see also 7.4.3.1 ).


4

the top and the sides of the blocks


moistened

so as to prevent

of water from the mortar

and ensure

1S 2572:2005

10 CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY


FOUNDATION AND BASEMENT
10.1 Construction
10.1. I

to apply mortar on the edges of the succeeding unit

WORK IN

when it is standing vertically


horizontally

of Masonry

mortar, care must be taken to produce well-compacted


vertical joints.

be filled up with sand and only the top foundation

In the case of two cell blocks,

course shall be of solid blocks. But for two or more


storeyed houses generally solid concrete blocks should
preferably be used in foundation courses, plinth, and

11.1.4

For lmost of the work, the joints, both horizontal and

if

vertical, shall be 1 cm thick. Except in the case extruded

authority.

joint construction described in 11.2.3, the mortar


shall be raked out from the joint with a trowel t.o a

[n damp soils to prevent the rise of moisture


due to capillary

action,

the

depth of about 1 cm as each course is laid so as to

foundation and basement masonry shall be laid in


richer mortar ( see 6.7.2 and Table 1 ). In addition,

ensure good bond for the plaster.


11.1.5

course shall be provided which may

a damp-proof

course.

LAYING CONCRETE
IN SUPERSTRUCTURE

BLOCK

When the mortar has stiffened

hardening,
II

somewhat,

it shall be firmly compacted with a jointing tool.


This compaction is important, since mortar, while

consist of a 25 mm layer of I :2 cement mortar, or an


approved type of bituminous

Mortar shall not be spread so much ahead of

the actual laying of the units that it tends to stiffen


and lose its plasticity, thereby resulting in poor bond.

In special cases, the hollows may be left unfilled

the ground

is a slight

necessary to secure greater lateral rigidity.

01- crushed stone of5 to 20 mm size.

so approved by the appropriate

there

depression on their vertical sides, which may also be


filled
up with mortar where it is considered

basement walls. If hollow blocks are used, their hollows


must be filled up with concrete comprising one part
of cement, three parts of sand and six parts of gravel

10.1.2

it

unit. However, whatever the method used for applying

For single storeyed houses, the hollow of

blocks in the foundation and basement masonry shall

from

and then placing

well-pressed against the previously laid

MASONRY

has a tendency

to shrink slightly

thus pull away from the edges of the block.


mortar

and
The

shall he pressed against the units with

11.1 Use of Mortar in Masonry

jointing tool after the mortar has stiffened to effect


intimate contact between the mortar and the masonry

Hollow
concrete
block
masonry
in
11.1,1
superstructure shall be laid in composite mortar

unit and obtain a weather-tight

joint.

.<

comprising one part of cement, one part of lime and

11.1.6 It maybe necessary to add mortar, p~rticularly

nine to ten parts

to the vertical joints to ensure that they are well-

of sand depending

upon the

grading of sand ( see 6.7.2 and Table I ).


proportion

filled.

Lesser

of sand should be adopted if the sand

11.2 Operation

for-Laying

Block Masonry

to be used is either not properly graded or is rather

11.2.1 First Course

fine.
11.1.2

Horizotltul

( Bedding

The first course of concrete masonry, shall be laid with

.Joints )

great care, making sure that it is properly

aligned.

Mortar shall be spread over the entire top surface of

Ievelled and plumbed, as this will assist the mason in

the block including front at]d rear shells as well as


the webs to a uniform layer ofone centimetre thickness.

truly vertical wall. Tools used for laying masonry are

Normally

laying succeeding courses to obtain a straight and

full mortar bedding shall be adopted as it

enables fu[ler utilization of the load carrying capacity

given in Fig. 1. For laying hollow block concrete


masonry, figures are given for general guidance (see

of the blocks. But where the walls carry light loads,


such as panel walls, in a framed structure face shell

Fig. 2,3,4,5,6

and 7).

Before

the first course, the alignment

bedding may be used.

In this type of bedding the

laying

of

mortar is spread only over the front and rear shells

the watl shall be marked on the foundation footings.

and not on the webs,

The blocks for this course shall first be laid dry.

which

helps to arrest the

seepage of water through the joints penetrating

that is without mortar over the footing, along a string

to

lightly stretched between properly

the interior surface of the walls.

located corners

of the wall in order to determine the correct position


11.1.3

Ver(icui

( Cross ) Joints

of the blocks

including

those of the cross-walls

the vertical

edges of the front and rear shells of

joining it and also adjust their spacing. When the


blocks are set in proper position, the two corner

the blocks.

The mortar may be applied either to the

blocks should be removed, a full mortar bed spread

unit already placed on the wall or to the next unit to


be laid alongside of it. But it will be more convenient

on the footing and these blocks laid back in place


truly level and plumb. The string shall then be stretched

For vertical joints,

the mortar shall be applied on

IS 2572:2005
C-block shall be appropriately

tightly along the faces of tl~o corner blocks and the


faces of intermediate one adjusted to coincide with
the line. Thereafter each block shall be remrcsvedand
relaid over a bed of mortar. After every three or four
blocks have been laid. their correct alignment,
and verticality
11.2.2

used. U-blocks shall

be used at DPC level and on cross walls just below


the slabs. J-blocks shall be used below the slabs on
outer walls so that the longer shell is on the outside
face of the masonry wall. C-blocks may be used to

level

encase the concrete columns to give the same aesthetic

shall be carefully checked.

look as wall masonry.

The construction of the walls may be started

11.2.6

Since chase can not be cut in hollow block

either at corners first or started from one end proceeding


in other direction. If the corners of the wall are built

masonry parapet wall the cement concrete gola should

fiwt, they shall be built four or five courses higher

be provided after making chase.

than the centre of the wall.

the corner, it shall be checked for alignment and level

block of 590 mm x 190 mm x 90 mm shall be placed flat


with 90 mm height. On it another partition block of

and for each plumb. Each block shall be carefully


checked with a level or straightedge to make certain

390 mm x 190 mm x .90 mm shall be placed vertically at


the outer edge with 190 mm height and 90 mm width.

that the faces of the block are all in the same plane.

A fluted block with 190 mm height and 190 mm width

This precaution

shall be placed over it so as to create a cavity of 190


mm height and 100 mm width between the flat laid down

As each course is laid at

is necessar! to ensure truly straight

and vertical walls.


The use of a storey-rod

or course-pole,

First a low height

block and the fluted block. The cavity shall be the


fi[led up with cement concrete 1:2:4
and tapered at

which is

simply a board with markings 200 mm apart, provides

45 from top to bottom at the open end to form the

an accurate method of finding the top of the masonry


for each course. All mortar
joints
shall be 1 cm thick.

required gola ( see Fig,. 8 ).

Each course, in building the corners, shall be stepped

1-1.3 Provision for Door and Window Frames

back by a half-block

and the horizontal

spacing on

11.3.1

A course of solid concrele block masonry

the block shall be checked by placing a masons level

shall be provided under doors and window openings

diagonally

or a 100 mm thick precast concrete fill-block

across the corners of the block.

windows.

under

The solid coarse shall extend for atleast

11.2.3 When filling the wall between the corners, a


masons line shall be stretched from corner to corner

200 mm beyond the opening

for each course and the top outside edge of each block

should

shall be laid to this line. l-he manner of handling or

strength deformed steel bars of 10 mm diametr:

grippingthe block shall be such as to position the


block properly with minimum adjustment.

hollow blocks are used the hollow core adjacent to

To assure satisfactory

bond, mortar

11.3.2

For jambs

with

on either
two

side and

numbers

of doors and windows

high

where

reinforced with single high strength deformed steel


bars of 10 mm diameter for each jamb.

it will stiffen and lose its plasticity. As each block


is Iaid,.excess mortar extruding from the joints shall

11.3.3 Mild steel bar holdfasts should be so fastened

be cut off with the trowel and thrown back on the


into fresh mortar.

enforced

the joints shall be filled with concrete mix of 1:3:6 are

shall not be

spread too far ahead of actual laying of the block or

mortar bed to be reworked

be

to the door window frames that these occur at block

If the

course level and their ends be embedded in a hollow

work is progressing rapidly, the extruded mortar cut

which shall be filled up with 1 :3:6

from the joints may be applied to the vertical face-

(see Fig. 9).

shells of the block just laid. Should there be any delay

11.4 Provision

long enough for the mortar to stiffen on the block,

cement concrete

for Lintels

the ~nortar-shall be removed to the mortar board and

11.4.1

reworked.

unit or a number of units. They shall be appropriately

Dead mortar that has been picked up from

Lintels may consist of either a single precast

the scaffold or from the floor shall not b.e used.

reinforced.

11.2.4

composite lintel with the use of a number of units,


shall preferably be of the same mix as of the concrete

Closure

Block

/n-situ

concrete

used for forming

.a

that is used in the precast units and the composite

When installing the closure block. all edges of the


opening and all four vertical edges of the closure block
shall be buttered with mortar. The closure block shall

unit shall also be appropriately


reinforced ( see
Note ). When openings occur close to one another a

be carefully

continuous lintel shall be provided ( see Fig. 10 for

lowered into place. If any of the mortar

typical construction detail ).

falls out leaving an open joint, the closure block shall


be removed, fresh mortar applied and the operation

NOTE - A convenient method of construction ot


composite lintel is to form it with precast lJ-shaped
units and providing the required reinforced bars in the
hollow ondtilling the bellowswith I :2:3 concrete mix.

repeated.

11.2.5

The special blocks like U-block. J-block and


6

IS 2572:2005

GRADUATED

STRAIGHT

TOOLS FOR FINISHING

EDGE

THE MORTAR JOINTS

.
___
A

THREAD AND
PLUMB BOB

CHISELS

MORTAR

TROWEL

o~o

PAN

@J@

SPIRIT LEVEL (WITH VERTICAL


HORIZONTAL
BUBBLES)

WOODEN

&

MALLET

MORTAR

FIG. 1 TOOLS FORCONCREW MASONRY

MIXING MACHINE

IS 2572:2005

.. . . ..

...
.7
-.,

PLACING BLOCKS WITHOUT MORTAR

SPREADING AND FURROWING MORTAR

BUFFERING BLOCK FOR VERTICAL JOINTS


POSITIONING BLOCK
FIG. 2 LAYINGFIRST COURSE OF BLOCKS I(H<A WALL

LEVELLING BLOCK

PLUMBING BLOCK

FIG. 3 LIVELLING ANDPLUMBINGFIRST CO~JRSEOF 131.OCKSFOR A WALL


8

BED

IS 2572:2005

ALIGNING

LEVELLING

PLUMBING
FIG. 4 CHECKINGEACH COURSE ATTHECORNER

IS 2572:2005
n

[
[

USING A STORY OR COURSE

CHECKING

POLE

I
I

HORIZONTAL
SPACING

FILLING IN THE WALL BETWEEN


CORNERS

INSTALLING

A CLOSURE

BLOCK

FIG. 5 CONCRETEMASONRYLAYINGDETAILS

10

BLOCK

IS 2572:2005
UNIT IS LEVELLED BY
TAPPING WITH A TROWEL

EDGE OF UNIT JUST


TOUCHES LINE

EXCESS MORTAR IS
SCRAPPED OFF
TRIMMING
MORTAR IS PLACED ON
OARDBTHEHELE7
&&

UNIT IS PICKED UP AS SHOWN


AND SHOVED FIRMLY AGAINST

~:~:~~::s
MORTAR

PRFVln(
1S1 Y I. AID
,,
---------------

\%%

STAND UNIT ON END TO


PLACE MORTAR FOR
VERTICAL JOINT

-. -rm,,
*Bu I I EKINU

LAY UNIT

Ww
1.&

Bk7

~m
POSITIONING

USE CORNER UNIT WITH


ONE END FLUSH

LINE TO
LAY UNIT 1

,.
1

PLACE MORTAR
FULL WIDTH
ON FOOTING
~&.
*

. f
E. /

MORTAR PLACED ON
FACE SHELLS ONLY FOR
SUCCEEDING COURSE

IT

BUILD CORNERS USING MASONS LEVEL


TO KEEP STUMP ANI) STRAIGHT

FIG. 6 CONCRETEMASONRYLAYINGDI.TAILS

11

IS 2572 :2005

STRIKING VERTICAL JOINTS

STRIKING HORIZONTAL JOINTS

I
I

MORTAR BURRS ARE TRIMMED OFF AFTER THE


JOINTS ARE TOOLED
FIci.7 TooLING MoRTAR.lolNrs
12

IS 2572:2005
210

C.C. COPING

t-. . ,, ,...
190

C.C. 1:2:4 GOIA

100

-190-

BITUMEN PAINTING
MUD PHASKA

FIG,

x4

8 DETAILSOF.GOLA

BAND BEAM

II

II
I

II I

.:....
..;.
,,,:
.+
T

R.C.C. SLAB _

.. :

WIRE MESH

Pvc CONDUIT

PIPE

..

!l

-,,

SECTION XX

BOX
ELEVATION
ELECTRICAL

CONDUCTING

I I I I I
E

3 CORE GROUTED
UPTO OPENING
HEIGHT

IRON
HOLD
FAST

200 x 200
HALF UNIT

1:3:6 GROUT

q~g

[OID Cl

D alo

200 x 200
HALF UNIT

CORE GROUTED TO THE


ENTIRE HIEGHT OF THE OPENING

FIG. 9 DOORFIXATIONDETAIL

13

IS 2572:2005

ANCHOR BOLTS OR

VERTICAL
REINFORCEMENT

-J

RODS BESIDE ALL OPENINGS


AND AT ALL CORNERS

EXTRA TIE DOWN


REQUIRED FOR
LARGE OPENINGS
TO BE PLACED IN
2nd OR 3rd CORE
FROM OPENING

WINDOW SILLS--

TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR REINFORCED


SINGLE-LEAF MASONRY WALLING SYSTEM

AFmx!BAND
E*M7

zHORIZONTAL

r CONTINUOUS REIN Ff)RCFll

TRUSS
TYPE-

A
\

REINFORCEMENT
IN HORIZONTAL
MORTAR JOINTs
\

+779

ZVERT,CAL

REINFORCEMENT
STUTS TIED TO
FOOTING

REINFORCED
CONCRETE
FOOTm4G 1

FIG. 10 REINFORC-EMENT
TYPICAL DETAILS

14

7----

ENT

1S 2572:2005
11.5 Provision

for.Roof

11.7 Pilasters
below the roof slab

The side walls of long buildings shall be stiffened

grade of solid blocks

at regular intervals with pilasters which are about

11.5. I The course immediately


shall be built with appropriate

and Piers

twice the thickness of the wall.

or U-shaped units may be used which shall be filled


in with I :2:4 concrete. Ifa reinforced roof band is

Piers often support

the ends of long roof trusses such as may be used in

required appropriate reinforcement shall be placed


in U-blocks and I :2 :4 concrete laid.

machine sheds and other buildings.

I I .5.2

Hollow concrete block shall not be used for isolated


piers unless their hollows are filled up with concrete.
The unsupported height of such piers shall not exceed

The top of the roof course shall be finished

smooth with a tl, in layer of I:3 cement mortar and


covered with a coat of crude oil. or craft or oil paper
to ensure free movement of the roof.
11.5.3

Where

J-blocks

are used just below

The.top courses

of block in the pier may be filled with concrete.

eighteen times their least horizontal dimensions.


12 RENDERING

the

slabs. concrete should first be filled up to the top of

AND OTHER

FINISHES

12. I Ex-ternal Renderings

the shorter shell wall and the top surface plastered


with I:3 cement mortar and finished with a coat of

As hollow

neat cement punning and white washed with lime.

made of lean concrete

lhe slab should then be cast after a kraft paper is

impervious and will become damp when exposed to

placed along the longer shell of the J-block.

rain. The exterior surface of all hollow concrete block


wall shall, therefore, be made waterproof by treating

I I .5.4

Where

the roof slab projects

beyond the

the walls

external wall face. it shall be provided with a drip.

All walls

wherever

with

explained

blocks are almost

different

in 12.1.1

mixes

they

invariably

will

not be

types of renderings

to 12.1.4

depending

as

upon

the intensity of rainfall, nature of exposure or other


reasons.

Walls

11.6 Intersecting

concrete

they meet or intersect

shall

be bonded or tied securely in accordance with 11.6. I

Renderings shall not be applied to the walls when

and 11.6.2.

these are wet or in monsoon. The walls must be treated


only after they are fully dried.

11.6. I Loud Bearing

WUII,V

Satisfactory
[intersecting

load bearing

block walls that depend

performance

of any rendering depends

on the efficiency of the bond developed between


the rendering and the wall surface. Extreme care shall

upon one another for continuity and lateral support


should be securely anchored to resist all forces that

therefore

be taken to ensure effective

bond with

might tend to separate them. When two bearing walls

the wall by preparing the surface, roughening

meet or intersect and the courses are to be laid up at

necessary, raking out the joints to a depth of at least

the same time, a true masonr~ bond at the intersection


is necessary so that halfof the unit of each wall are

8 mm, cleaning the surface of all loose particles and

embedded in other wall.

to applying the rendering to prevent absorption of

When such intersecting

dust, and lightly moistening it with water just prior


water from it,

bearing walls are laid up

separately, pockets with 200 mm maximum vertical


spacing

shall be left in the first wall

laid.

it if

The plaster finishes shall be applied in accordance


with IS 2402.

The

corresponding course of the second wall shall be built


The sand used for the plaster finish shall conform
to 1S 1542.
The plaster shall not be finished

into these pockets.


Rigid connection

to intersecting walls may also be

smooth, but provided with a coarse finish by means

provided by using the round bars in mortar joints


or tie round-bars around vertical bars in abutting

of a wooden float.

cores with solid grout in them ( see Figs. I 1A, 11 B

12.1.1 In localities where rainfall is heavy or the walls

and I I C ). Flexible connections for intersecting


walls may also be provided by using steel tie bars as

are exposed to sea weather, concrete .block masonry

metal anchor ( see Figs. 12A and 12B ).

thickness

11.6.2

engineer, the base coat being of 1 : 3 mix and the


finishing coat of I :3 or I :4 mix depending upon the
severity of the exposure.

Meeting

Nf~n-beuring

shall be rendered with two coats each of 6 to 12 mm

WII,Y

or intersecting

non-bearing

walls

of cement

mortar

as specified

by the

shall

be bonded by either of the methods recommended

12.1.2

for load bearing walls in 11.6.1.

masonry shall be rendered with at least one coat of


15

In moderate rainfall

areas, concrete block

1S 2572:2005
surtlce. Where it is desired to have-the block surface

6 to 12 mm thickness of either I :4 cement mortar or


1 : 1 :6 cement-lime-sand mm-tar.
12.1.3

In areas of scarce rainfall,

surface

of concrete

block

masonry

exposed, the walls may only be flush pointed and


painted with any approved quality of paint including

the exterior

cement paint. Otherwise the interior sunface on wal Is

may only be

shall be plastered with one coat of 6 to 12 mm thickness

pointed with 1:3 cement mortar, and white orcolour


washed or cement painted.
-12.1.4

Where for architectural

is necessary

of either 1:4 cement mortar or 1:1:6 cement-lime-sand


mortar. Where a very smooth finish is desired a second
coat of 2 to 3 mm thickness of lime neeru finish may

or other reasons, it

to have the concrete

block

be applied.

surface

If pointing is to be done it shall be flush

exposed, the walls strall either be built with block

pointing in accordance to -12.1.4.

having richer facing mixture or treated with two coats


of cement paint ( see IS 5410 ) of lime neeru finish may

two coats of white wash shall be applied.

be applied.

12.3 Waterproofing

And if pointing is to be done, it shall be

Thereafter

one or

Basement Walls Below Ground

Level

flush pointing. Thereafter one or two coats of white


wash shall be applied. In either case the walls in heavy

The portion of walls below ground level shall be

or moderate rainfall areas shall be pointed with I:2 or

waterproofed

I :3 cement mortar for pointing on either or both faces,

plaster 1:3 mix applied in two coats. The pIaster shall

by application

of 12 mm thick cement

the mortar shall be raked out to a depth of atleast

be started on the outside of the wall just below the

4 to 8 mm and presse-d with the joining tool so as to

ground line and continued down the wall and across

compact

the edge formed by the projection of the footing.

it properly

while

doing masonry

work.

However in such cases pointing shall be done as soon


as possible on the same day or latest by the next day

In

case the subsoil is wet, the plaster shatl be coated


with asphalt.

ensuring that no mortar sticks to face surface of the


13 MAINTENANCE

blocks.
12.2 Internal

The exposed wall shall be inspected closely every

Renderings

year before monsoon, and cracks, if an), shall be


As machine-made
size, walls

built

concrete blocks are of uniform


with them provide

sealed properly

a very even

with a cement grout and painted

with two coats of cement paint.


/-SOLID

IN
CORE

kfillbl
,
6 mm ROUND

IES

AROUND

NT

TIES

VERTICAL

.. . ..J
.,.,
...

.-.

.+

,*

.,

. ..

...

GROUT

ABUTTING

11A

llB
JOINT

REINFORCEMENT

HARDWARE
SECOND

CLOTH

OR

IN EVERY

COURSE

100 mm BLOCK

PARTITION

lIC
FIG. 11 RIGID CONNECTIONSFOR lNTERSE(WNGWALLS

16

II

BARS

1S 2572:2005
METAL

LATH

CORES TO BE

UNDER

\ FILLED WITH CONCRETE

OR MORTAR

METAL

1.2 m DC

ANCHOR

VERTICALLY

r 50 mm

METy+&#50mm
(Cl.

32x6 mm)

-u-

32 mm
12B

12 A

ORiNTt{Rsl,(llN(;
};l(i. ]2 FLEXIIll>ECONNl;clloNS~

WAI,[.S

ANNEX A
( Ckwse 2 )
LIST OF REFERRED
IS N()

INDIAN

Specification

( other

for coarse and fine

concrete ( second revision

(Part l):

1987

1982

Speci~lcation
for mild steel and
medium tensile steel bars and harddrawn

steel

wire

for

concrete

reinforcement: Part I Mild steel and


medium tensile steel bars ( third
revision

for Portland

cement (,/ourth

revision

of practice

reinforced
revision

987

Imposed loads ( second

(Part 3):

987

Wind loads ( second

revision

(Part 4):

987

Snow loads ( second

revision

slag

revision

1987 Special loads and load combinations


( second revision)

Specification

1489

712:1984

Dead loads Units weights of


building
material
and stored

Specification

Code

) for

(Part 2):

(Part 5):

456:2000

for design loads

earthquake

materials ( second revision

432

455:1989

than

buildings and structures

aggregates from natural sources for

(Part l):

Code of practice

875:1987

Specification for 33 grade ordinary


Portland cement (,foztr(h revision)

383: 1970

Title

IS No.

Title

269:1989

STANDARDS

for plain

concrete

and

Portland

for

pozzolana cement:

( ,fourth
(Part l):

Specification
for building
( third ruvi,yion )

1991 Fly ash based ( third

(Part 2):199i

limes

Calcined
revision

17

clay
)

revision

based

( third

IS 2572:2005
IS No.

IS No.

Title

1542:1992

Specification for sand for plaster


( second revision )

1635:1992

Code of practice for field slaking of


building

lime and preparation

putty ( second
1893:1984

( Part 1 ): 2002

cement, cement mortar and concrete


( second revision)

of

4082:1996

for earthquake

resistant

design

of

( fourth

structure-s

provisions

use

4326:1993

and buildings

5410:1992

of practice

for structural

unreinforced

6042:1969

Specification

for sand for masonry

mortars (first

revision

( Part 1 ): 1979

2212:1991

Specification

2250:1981

2402:1963

3466:1988

for concrete masonry

8043: 99 I

8112:1980

Specification

revision

cement

paint

Code of practice for construction


of light-weight
concrete block

Specification for rapid hardening


second
Portland
cement
(

for

Specification
revision

Code of practice for preparation


and use of masonry mortars (first

( second

for
)

revision

Portland

Cade of practice
rendered finishes

Specification
(first

revision

Code of practice -for brick work

revision

Code of practice for earthquake


resistant design and construction

masonry

units: Part 1 Hollow


and solid
concrete blocks ( second revision )

(first revision

at site

8041: 990
2185

and components

masonry

( third revision)
2116:1980

of

of buildings ( second

( fifth

of

on stacking
construction

storage

( second revision

Criteria
for earthquake resistant
design of structures: Part 1 General

Code

Recommendations
and

materials

revision

1905:1987

Pulverized fuel ash Specification:


3812
( Part 1 ): 2003 Part I For usf as pozzolana in

Criteria
revision

1893

revision

Title

9103:1999

external

for masonry cement

1.2269:1987

revision)

18

for

hydrophobic

cement

second

Specification for 43 grade ordinary


Portland cement (jh-s~ revision)
Specification

for admixtures

concrete (firs[

revision

for

Specification for 53 Grade ordinary


Portland cement

1S 2572:2005

ANNEX
(
DESIGN

ANALYSIS

AND

C1ause7.2.1

WORKING

STRESSES

FOR CONCRETE

HOLLOW

BLOCK

MASONRY
B-1

LOAD

AND

ITS

that continuous inspection of masonry work is


maintained during construction
by a competent

DISTRIBUTION

loading from gravity. impact, and wind, snow,

Applied

etc. shall be assessedas specitied in 1S875. Earthquake


loadings shall be assessed as specified in IS 1893.

Engineer-in-Charge.
B-2.2

Where masonry for filling panels is bounded

and supported by either a steel, reinforced concrete.


B-1.2 Distribution

B-1.2.1

of Load

The applied

or reinforced masonry frame, which is able to resist

loadings

and the induced

loadings shall be distributed to the various resisting


elements

of the building.

including

masonry,

in

at normal

stresses the applied

loading

without

assistance from the panel then the stresses from the


loading components in the plane of the panel maybe
increased, but shall not exceed twice those given

proportion to their rigidities ( see Note ).

in B-2.1.
Such distribution, shall be considered firstly, according
to the rigidities

B-2.3

of the basic structure, and secondly,

according to the rigidities


Fcrr this purpose,

the
of

complete building.

unreinforced

masonry

Where any excess in the stresses permitted

by B-2.1, B-2.2 and B-2.7 is entirely due to wind or


earthquake the permissible stresses may be exceeded

shall be

regarded as linearly elastic in tension, compression,

by one third.

and shear, whi Ie reinforced masonry shall be regarded


as linearly elastic in both direct compression and in

B-2.4

compression due to shear.

B-2.4.1

Stresses under Concentrated

Local stresses resulting from concentrated

loads and the maximum combined stresses resulting

NOTE Mod LI1.eof elasticity


and of rigidity of
masonry For masonr) made of concrete hollow

from these or other loadings shall not exceed the


allowable stresses for that part of the structure by
more than 5(I percent.

blocks. the II1OCIUIUS 01 elasticity


in tension and
cumprcssion shall he taken as 10.5 x 10 kglcn]z and
(hc shear modulus shall bc taken 4 X 10 kglcnlz.
Alternatively. the engineer may either require or permit
the usc t)lnmduli oirigidil! for calculation purposes as
clctermincd h} standard ~ests condacted under his
supewision tlud approval.

B-2.4.2

Concentrated

as being

l.~f]lalion

In distributing

efficient
provided

full

allowance

Reduction
Components

to the rigidities

The maximum

may be made for

structural
separations of components,
no damage
can occur through
the

WORKING

in Stress

working

be permissible

Where

B-2. 1 The apptied and the induced stresses, calculated

partition

B-2.7

values:

walls

are

Reinforcement

used

the

Stresses

4.2 kglcm~

The tensile stress shall not exceed 1400

0.7 kglcmz

plain round rods conforming

0.7 kglcm~

deformed.

2.8 kg}cmz
+ I-ension
+ Shear

slenderness

applied Icmds may be increased from twicethe tensile

the following

With continuous
Inspection

from B-2. 1

stresses in the tension due to laterally

stresses allowed by B-2.1.

Compression

of

stresses in masonry shall

on net area, and in unreinforced concrete masonry,


with or without continuous inspection, shall not exceed

+ Tension
+ Shear

for Slenderness

Walls

masonry

allowable

With continuous
inspection

nor across

values as determined

Partition

B-2.6

STRESSES

Compression

ties,

to B-2.3 multiplied by the appropriate


factors ( see IS I 905).

deformations and relative displacements associated


with the design loadings.
B-2

by metal

continuous vertical joints.

c!f<t~iill~c]tlents

loading according

of components

loads shall not be considered

distributed

B-2.5
B-1.2.2

Loads

B-3

0.4 kglcm~
0.4 kg/cm~

ASSESSMENT

kg/cmz for

to IS 432 ( Part I ) or

OF STRENGTHS

B-3.1 Limitation on Strength of Unreinforced Masonry

B-2.1. 1 The use of higher stresses in design than

A building

set out in B-2.1 shall be permitted only on the condition

framing
19

incorporating

or other structural

reinforced
framing

masonry

shall have its

IS 2572:2005
basic structure

able to resist all applied

without

contribution

any

unreinforced
B-3.2

to

loadings

strength

,f;,/F, +&/Fb

&=

Stresses shall be computed on the basis of

F,

direct stress computed on net area;


= maximum value offs permitted, multiplied
by slenderness factors for axial loads;

from reduction -such as raked joints.

Combined

&=

Stresses

Fb =

Masonry

subject

to combined

1.

where

masonry.

the net thickness of the masonry, with considerations

B-3.3

does not exceed

from

axial

and flexural

stresses shall be designed so that the quantity

20

actual stress due to bending; and


permissible stress in bending.

This standard is intended mainly to cover the technical provisions relating to construction of hollow and solid
concrete block masonry and it does not include all the necessary provisions ofa contract.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement

of this standard is complied with, the final value,

observed or calculated. expressing the result of a test or analysis. shall be rounded off in accordance with
The number of significant places retained in the
1S 2: 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised).
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

Bureau oflndian

BIS is a statutory

Standards
institution

harmonious development

established

under the Bureau

of the activities of standardization,

oJIndian

Standards

Act,

1986

marking and quality certification

to promote
of goods and

attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright

of all its publications.

No part of these _publications

may be reproduced

in any form

of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing
the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating
to copyright be addressed to the Dicector (Publications), BIS.
without the pciorpermission

in writing

Review of Indian Standards


.Amendments are issued to standards as the

need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed


periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of BIS Catalogue and Standards : Monthly Additions.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CED53(7184
Amendments

).

Issued Since Publication

Date of Issue

Amend No.

Text Affected

.. .

BUREAU

OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Mar-g,New Delhi 110002


Telephones:
23230131,23233375,2323
9402 Website: www.bis.org.in
Regional

Offices:

Telephones

Central

: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg


NEW DELHI 110002

23237617
23233841
{

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{
2603843
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{ 28327891,28327892

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