can come
surface.
from
bottom
or
of
Secondary show
Guaranteeing the certainty of the
hydraulic structure, When not
enabling the elevation of the level,
Waters arrive, On top of the
maximum level NAME.
Dissipating the energy, In order
that the return to the natural river
bed not produce damages. This is
done by means of leaps, diving
boards or bowls.
Discharge of excesses clearing the
excess of water of the dams, either
in shape free, controlled or mixed.
COMBINATIONS
ALTERNATIVE OF DAMS
OF
SYSTEM
OF
comprehension:
The
construction of a dam of
reservoir,
The
comprehension or bocatoma
is a regulating work of
entrance of water of the
cauces toward the principal
channel.
SYSTEM OF conduction:
The
compounds
are
principally approximately at
the canals of derivation
(before
the
Spillway)
principal (after the Spillway),
secondary channels (lateral
and sub-lateral) and tertiary,
named canals also canals
divided into parcels.
SYSTEM OF distribution:
The lateral, sub-lateral and
direct takes are dispositive
hydraulic constructed at the
longitudinal stretch of a
principal canal of irrigation.
The
purpose
of
these
devices is to admit to and to
regulate the volume of
appropriate water of a
source of supply toward the
top part of the farmsteads.
RESERVOIRS: The systems
of storage of water build for
themselves in those places
where the hydric availability
does not keep relation
balanced with the area to
irrigate.
REPRESAMIENTO: It takes
place in the case than the
hydric availability do not
keep relation balanced with
the
area
potentially
to
irrigate.
STRUCTURE OF RELIEF VS
COST:
The decision to select a combined
system must be based on the
comparison of costs and benefits of
alternatives
(combination
vs.
separated). In particular the focus
cost efficiency it allows selecting
the alternative of minimal cost. In
the event of systems combined,
the costs of the system are
represented for the costs of
installation
of
complementary
structures (the overflow channels
are
within
which),
pumping
stations,
etc.,
The
costs
of
treatment of the not had a soothing
effect waters and or the costs
correlated with the contamination
produced in the water bodies
receiving of the waters of relief and
or of the effluents of the plants of
treatment. See him than must exist
one point where they minimize the
total previous costs in terms of the
levels of relief and of treatment,
which are complementary. Finally,
the alternative of minimum was
expensive for the combined system
it must be confronted with the
alternative of minimal cost of the
separated system.
CRITERIA
FOR
THE
STRUCTURAL design
For the design of an overflow
channel
Spillway
they
must
consider the following aspects:
FACTORS FOR THE design:
Flow intensity of design ( maximum
flooding ).
I conjoin drem Spillway - River
bed.
CRITERIA
Selection of the avenue of the
project: You understand general
considerations and hidrogramas
of the avenue of the project.
Relation of the storage of
surcharge to the capability of
the drain.
Studies of variation of levels.
Selection of the size of the
Spillway.
COMPONENTS OF THE
STRUCTURE
Such and as it had come into
question beforehand, the Spillway
is that object of work within the
Hydraulic Set through which the
water that you do not wish to take
advantage of the reservoir is given
exit. In a general way, they can
indicate themselves like parts that
the Spillway, the following fix:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Canal of approximation.
Section of control.
Transition.
Fast or conduit of unloading.
Terminal structures or
squanderers of energy.
6. Canal of exit.
7. Canal of approximation:
STRUCTURES OF CONTROL:
They are structures that project
and they construct with the end, so
much to control flow intensities,
like of maintaining the necessary
water levels to make easy his
derivation to another canals or
else, to the takes that waters
above the dam get located.
CANAL LATERAL
It is a structure that you forge for
yourself due to the insufficient
capability of unloading or effects at
the avenue of design, with the aim
of directing the flow that it
overflows of the Spillway laterally
FAST
That element comes from the
Spillway channel to save. The
difference of level between the
section vertedora and the riverbed
or canal of exit. His slope generally
is strong, assuring a regimen of
super-critical circulation.
TERMINAL STRUCTURE Or
SQUANDERER OF energy
It the in charge to dissipate the
loud kinetic energy that is enough
must
obey
the
of
EXAMPLE
design
the
kind
of
OF
=320+3.138x70
Spillways on duty
The selection
Spillways depends of:
Q = Co.2.R .H^3/2
Co: Coefficient of unloading.
Conditions of emplacement.
h: Height of unloading.
H: 2.00 m.
With
Co= 3.72
We calculated : H/ R= 0,4
P/R = 2.0
IN THE FORMULA:
404.75 = 3.72 x 2 x R x 2 ^3/2
R = 6.12 m.
The value is brought near the assumed,
therefore you are acceptable
3.58 * 2 * R * 2^3/2
You are different R asum=
H/R= 0.31
Co= 3.75
IN THE FORMULA:
404.75= 3.75 * 2* R * 2^3/2
R= 6.07m you are different R asum.
= 6.36 m.
HACEMOS UN NUEVO CLCULO:
R= 6.07 m.
H/R= 0.3
E1=z 1 + y 1+
v21
2g
Where:
Zi charges of position
Yi Carga of pressure
V ^2 /2 *g: Charge of velocity ( g 9,81 m
s2 )
h: Hydraulic load
2
v
z 2+ y 2+ 2
2g
H=E 1E2= z 1+ y 1+
v 21
2g
z 1+
P1 v 1
P v
+ =z2 + 2 + 2 +h f
2g
2g
P1 P2 v22 0.5v22
H max + = + +
2g
2g
3 2
v
2 2
H max =
2g
I.
H min =0.3v t D
vt
D
H min =0.5 D
LATERAL
SPILLWAYS
GENERALITIES
These structures consist in low necklines
than they do in the wall or slope of the
canal to control the flow intensity,
evitndose possible overflowings the fact
that serious damages would be able to
cause,
therefore,
their
position
recommends itself in all those places
where this danger exist .
Which of excess to eliminate m, they
come from sometimes for faults the
operator or for affluences, that during the
2
Q= V u 2gLh 2
3
Donde:
V = 0.95
= Shrinkage factor
L = length of the drain
h = The charges average on the crest
h=
h 1+h 2
2
h 1=0.8 h 2
h=0.9 h2
La frmula da buena
cuando se cumple:
v1
0.7 5
gy 1
h 2h 1 Y 2Yn
aproximacin