SA 5013 HIDRAULIKA TERAPAN

Dr. Ir. M. Cahyono

Dr. Eng. Widyaningtias
PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR
KELOMPOK KEAHLIAN TEKNIK SUMBERDAYA AIR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN LINGKUNGAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
2015

PENDAHULUAN

Terminologi
Hidrolika: Ilmu yang
mempelajari perilaku aliran
dan gerakan aliran
U

Indikator air bergerak

adalah adanya
kecepatan aliran (U)

Perbedaan Saluran Terbuka

dan Tertutup
Saluran Terbuka (Open Channel Flow)

Saluran Tertutup (Pipe Flow)

Mempunyai permukaan bebas

Permukaan tertutup

Dipengaruhi oleh tekanan udara

Tidak diperngaruhi oleh tekanan udara

secara langsung

Kekasaran permukaan sangat bervariasi

Variasi kekasaran terbatas

Aliran dipengaruhi oleh tekanan atmosfer

Aliran dipengaruhi oleh tekanan hidraulik

Kondisi fisik yang lebih bervariasi (laminer, Kondisi fisik tidak terlalu bervariasi
transisi, turbulen, sub-kritis, kritis,
superkritis)
Cross-section lebih beragam

Cross-section biasanya berbentuk

lingkaran

Friction coefficient lebih besar

Friction coefficient lebih kecil

PF vs OCF

Aliran fluida
Tipe Aliran

Tempat
Mengalir

Berdasarkan Bilangan
Reynolds

Laminer, Transisi,
Turbulen

Berdasarkan Bilangan
Froude

Subkritis, Kritis,
Superkritis

Pipa

Persamaan Kontinuitas dan

Persamaan Energi
Kehilangan Tinggi Tekan: Mayor
dan Minor

Saluran Terbuka

Klasifikasi Aliran Pada Saluran Terbuka

Open-channel flow

Steady flow

Uniform flow

Rapidly
Varied flow

Unsteady flow

Varied flow

Gradually
Varied flow

Unsteady
Varied flow

Rapidly
Varied
Unsteady
flow

Unsteady
Uniform flow

Gradually
Varied
unsteady flow

Kontrol Persamaan
Open
Channel
Steady Flow

Open Channel
Unsteady Flow
0

=0

Uniform Flow

Non-Uniform Flow

= 0

Gradually
Varied flow

Rapidly
Varied Flow

i.e : upstream
of obstruction

i.e : hydraulic
jump

Flow Scheme

Unsteady Flow
Steady
y (depth of water) and v (velocity) remain y and v change with time
constant with respect to time

Flow Scheme
Uniform
y (depth of water) and v (velocity) remain constant
along the channel. See Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Non - uniform Flow

y and v change along the length of the
channel

Pintu sorong di
saluran irigasi

Pintu sorong di model

laboratorium

GVF vs RVF

Flow Classification
1) Depending on the Reynolds number, Re
Laminar Flow (if Re < 500): very slow and shallow
flowing water in very smooth open channels.
Turbulent Flow (if Re > 1000): ordinary flow in
ordinary open channels.
Transition Flow (if 500 < Re < 1000)
V = average channel velocity
L = length of channel
v = kinematic viscosity of fluid

TURBULENT

LAMINAR

Flow Classification
2) Depending on Froude number, Fr
Fr = 1 : Critical Flow
Fr < 1 : Subcritical Flow slow flowing water
Fr > 1 : Supercritical Flow fast flowing water
V = average channel velocity
g = gravity acceralation
D = hydraulics water depth

Bernoullis Equation
p1

V1
p2 V2
+
+ z1 =
+
+ z 2 + hL
2g

2g

V = kecep (m/det), P = tekanan ( N/m2), g = gravitasi (m/det2), = massa jenis

(kg/m3), = berat jenis= .g (kg/m2 det), dan h = kehilangan energi/tinggi
tekan (m)

GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF OPEN CHANNELS

Open Channel
RECTANGULAR CHANNEL

TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL

GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF OPEN CHANNELS

The terminology of geometric elements
y : depth of flow
m : side slope
Fr : Froude number
Q : flow rates , Q = AV
R: hydraulic radius at cross
section
: velocity
: flow temperature

T : top width
So : channel bottom slope
Re : Reynold number
A : area of the flow
D : hydraulics water depth

b : bottom channel width

v : average flow density
L : length of channel
P : wetted perimeter
V : volume

E : specific energy
z : weir height
q = discharge over width
(m)

GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF OPEN CHANNELS

Type of
channel
RECTANGULAR
TRAPEZOIDAL

Where,

TOP WIDTH,
T

AREA, A

WETTED
PERIMETER, P

B
B+2my

By
By + my2

B + 2y
B+2y 1+m2

ASSIGNMENT 1

Answer
?

UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL

CHEZY FORMULA :
Where ; V = mean velocity (m/s)
C = Chezys factor of flow resistance (m1/2/s)
R = hydraulic radius
So = slope of energy line
Q = Discharge (m3/s)

MANNING FORMULA :
Where ; V = mean velocity (m/s)
n = Mannings coefficient of roughness (s/m1/3)
R = hydraulic radius
So = slope of energy line
Q = Discharge (m3/s)

UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL

Typical values of Mannings coefficient, n
Closed conduits flowing partly full
Corrugated metal storm drains
Concrete culvert
Unfinished concrete
Clay drain tile
Lined or built up channels
Unpainted steel
Planed wood
Unplaned wood
Trowel finished concrete
Rough concrete
Glazed brick
Brick in cement mortar
Excavated channels
Clean earth (straight channel)
Earth with weeds (winding channel)
Natural streams
Clean and straight
Weedy reaches, deep pools

0.010
0.024
0.013
0.014
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.017
0.020
0.013
0.022
0.030
0.030
0.100

SOLUTION IN OPEN CHANNEL

Conveyor Factor
From eq
We obtain ;
For Chezy

For Manning

SOLUTION IN OPEN CHANNEL

Section Factor, Z
For Chezy ;
For Manning;
Thus, normal depth, yo can be obtain by using
trial and error method

ASSIGNMENT 2
Given trapezoidal channel 10m wide with side slope of
1:1.5. Bed slope is 0.0003. The channel with concrete
lining, n = 0.012. Calculate the velocity, V and flow rate,
Q when the flow depth is 3.0m. If the flow rate is 50m/s,
determine the slope, So of channel.