Procedures
(SOPs)
Cessna 150
PH-RUD / PH-NOD / PH-HVP / PH-TGA
Cessna 152
PH-JVB / PH-CDS / PH-STQ /
PH-WEE / PH-SCX / PHSKG
Name:
Page 1 - 142
Page 2 - 142
ISSUE RECORD
Issue Number
Issue Date
01
09-12-2005
02
01-10-2006
03
01-01-2008
04
19-10-2011
05
07-11-2011
06
01-05-2012
07
01-10-2012
08
06-02-2013
Page 3 - 142
Page 4 - 142
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.0
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1
SOURCES ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2
1.3
AIRMANSHIP ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.4
CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.0
CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.0
CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.0
CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................................................. 17
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
Page 5 - 142
Page 6 - 142
CHAPTER 1
1.0
INTRODUCTION
This book contains the Standard Operating Procedures covering the VFR operation of C150/C152. The
book is a integral part of the way to handle an aircraft during VFR conditions. Its not possible to cover all
eventualities and there for good airmanship and common sense is expected of the crew. The speeds and
procedures in this part must be preferred above the AOM/POH. No marks are made to indicate changes on
the previous issue due to the amount of changes.
1.1
SOURCES
AOM
POH
SOPs VFR General
Company Notams
The SOPs in this chapter have a direct relation to the execution of a safe flight. They shall be known
thoroughly and used throughout the rest of your career as a pilot. Basically these SOPs inform the student
about the margins within which to operate, and step-by-step how to execute different flight manoeuvres in a
standard way.
Using SOPs greatly enhances the safety of flight, especially in non-standard circumstances.
1.3
AIRMANSHIP
Definition: All facets that allow the pilot to control the airplane at any time during the flight in accordance
with regulations in a safe way, on the ground as well as in the air.
During the ground school all different facets that compose airmanship will be illustrated. Safety is a very
important part in the mind of every conscientious airline pilot. Adherence to rules and regulations is only the
first part to incorporate "airmanship" into your existence.
1.4
CECKLIST ISSUES
Pay attention to the fact that this SOP document might have another issue number than mentioned on the
valid checklists. For the valid checklist issues refer to the document control list of SAA.
Page 7 - 142
Page 8 - 142
CHAPTER 2
2.0
AGL
AOM/POH
ARO
ATC
ATPL
CVV
FIR
ICAO
FIO
IFR
ITM
ME
NOTAM
OM
OPS
ORP
PIC
RT
SE
SOP
UTC
VFG
VFR
Speeds:
Vrotate
Vcclimb
Vcruise
Vdecsent
Vglide
Vstall
Vs1
Vs0
Vslow
Vhigh
Vx
Vy
Rotation speed
Climb speed
Cruise speed
Descent speed
Glide speed
Stall speed
Stall speed, clean configuration
Stall speed, landing configuration
Slow speed
High speed
Maximum angle of climb
Maximum rate of climb
Page 9 - 142
Page 10 - 142
CHAPTER 3
3.0
For calculation of the speeds from kts. to mph. add the factor 10, for example 80 kts is 90 mph.
TAKE-OFF
Vrotate normal take-off 50 kts. Other take offs: see POH.
Flight Phase
normal take-off
obstacle take-off
obstacle take-off
PH-TGA
short field take-off
soft field take-off
Flaps
C150
C152
flaps up
flaps up
flaps up
70 kts.
60 kts.
56 kts.
80 mph.
70 mph.
70 kts.
54 kts.
full throttle
full throttle
flaps 10
flaps 10
60 kts.
70 kts.
70 mph.
80 mph.
54 kts.
70 kts.
Flight Phase
cruise climb
best angle of climb
best angle of climb
PH-TGA
best rate of climb
Airwork
cruise flight
slow flight
high speed
steep turn
Descent
Glide
Power
setting
full throttle
full throttle
full throttle
Power setting
full throttle
full throttle
full throttle
C150
70 kts.
61 kts.
56 kts.
C152
70 kts.
54 kts.
full throttle
2300 RPM
according POH
1800 RPM
2400 RPM
2500 RPM
1700 RPM
throttle idle
68 kts.
85 kts.
67 kts.
85 kts.
50-70 kts.
100 kts.
85 kts.
85 kts.
60 kts.
50-70 kts.
100 kts.
85 kts.
85 kts.
60 kts.
Flight Phase
cross wind leg, climb
cross wind leg,
circuit altitude
downwind
after downwind checks
base leg
final
strong crosswind landing
flapless landing
glide-in landing
Power setting
full throttle
2100 RPM
Flap setting
up
up
Speed
70 kts.
80 kts.
2100 RPM
2100 RPM
1700 RPM
1700 RPM
1800 RPM
1600 RPM
idle
up
flaps 10
flaps 20
flaps full
flaps 20
flaps up
flaps full
80 kts.
75 kts.
70 kts.
60 kts.
65 kts.
65 kts.
60 kts.
Power settings are indications and can be different for each C150/C152! The different in power setting
between downwind and base leg is approximately about 400 RPM in no wind conditions.
Page 11 - 142
Page 12 - 142
CHAPTER 4
4.0
No trimming
Vs1 or Vs0 + 10 kts. Keep direction with rudder, aileron neutral
Approach to stall, landing configuration:
Approach to stall, landing configuration:
check outside clear, O.R.P.
reduce throttle to +/- 1900 RPM
apply back pressure
ailerons neutral
white arc, full flaps in steps
reduce throttle to +/- 1700 RPM
stall recovery:
- simultaneously full throttle, CVV
cold
- maintain attitude and heading
- flaps 20
passing 60 kts. flaps 10
passing 70 kts. flaps up
with Vclimb, back to altitude
Page 13 - 142
Crosswind landing
With a crosswind component above 10 kts reduce flaps setting to flaps 20. The final speed must
be increased with 5 kts, final speed will be 65 kts.
Flapless landing
With a flapless landing increase speed at base to 75 kts and increase the final speed to 65 kts.
Glide-in landing
The glide-in landing must be made with the best glide-in speed of 60 kts.
Touch and go
Normally during a touch and go, after the touch flaps will be selected up. However, during a soft
field touch and go, the flaps can be selected to 10
Page 14 - 142
Go around or wave-off:
STUDENT
Initiating go around
Wave-off
GO AROUND
select full throttle
carburettor heat OFF
maintain direction with rudder
attitude for climb
FLAPS 20
select flaps 20 if flaps were
more than 20
FLAPS 20 SET
Initiating go around
WAVE OFF
select full throttle
carburettor heat OFF
maintain direction with rudder
maintain attitude to accelerate
to climb speed
FLAPS 20
select flaps 20 if flaps were
more than 20
FLAPS 20 SET
After initiating the Go around or Wave-off continue as follows to resume normal climbout:
Positive airborne,
positive rate of climb
and above 50 ft AGL
At 200 ft AGL
check brakes
BRAKES CHECKED
attitude for climb, increase
speed to 70 kts
attitude to climb speed
speed more than 60 kts.
FLAPS 10
select flap 10
FLAPS 10 SET
Page 15 - 142
Page 16 - 142
CHAPTER 5
5.0
5.1
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
Note:
Visually check airplane for general condition during walk-around inspection. In cold weather, remove even
small accumulations of frost, ice or snow from wing, tail and control surfaces.
Also, make sure that control surfaces contain no internal accumulations of ice or debris. Prior to flight,
check that pitot heater (if installed) is warm to touch within 30 seconds with battery and pitot heat switches
on. If a night flight is planned, check operation of all lights, and make sure a flashlight is available.
CABIN
Pilots Operating Handbook ............. AVAILABLE IN AIRPLANE
Control Wheel Lock .................................................... REMOVE
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Master Switch ....................................................................... ON
Warning
When turning on the master switch, using an external
power source, or pulling the propeller through by hand,
treat the propeller as if the ignition switch were on. Do not
stand, nor allow anyone else to stand, within the arc of the
propeller, since a loose or broken wire, or a component
malfunction, could cause the propeller to rotate.
Fuel Quantity Indicators.............................. CHECK QUANTITY
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve ................................................................ ON
EMPENNAGE
Rudder Gust Lock ...................................................... REMOVE
Tail Tie-Down ..................................................... DISCONNECT
Control Surfaces............................................................ CHECK
freedom of movement and security
RIGHT WING
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel Tank Sump Quick Drain Valve ................................ DRAIN
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, use
sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank
sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade.
Fuel Quantity ............................................... CHECK VISUALLY
for desired level
Fuel Filler Cap ............................................................. SECURE
Page 17 - 142
NOSE
Oil Level ........................................................................ CHECK
do not operate with less than four quarts. Fill to six quarts
for extended flight.
Strainer drain knob ............................................................ PULL
to clear water and sediment.
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, pull
out strainer drain knob for about four seconds to clear fuel
strainer of possible water and sediment. Check strainer
drain closed. If water is observed, the fuel system may
contain additional water, and further draining of the system
at the strainer, fuel tank sumps, and fuel line drain plug will
be necessary.
Propeller and Spinner .................................................... CHECK
for nicks and security
Carburettor Air Filter ...................................................... CHECK
for restrictions by dust or other foreign matter
Landing Light ................................................................. CHECK
for condition and cleanliness
Nose Wheel Strut and Tire ............................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Nose Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Static Source Opening (left side of fuselage) ................ CHECK
for stoppage
LEFT WING
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel tank sump
.................................................... DRAIN
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, use
sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank
sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade.
Fuel Quantity ............................................... CHECK VISUALLY
for desired level
Fuel Filler Cap ............................................................. SECURE
Pitot Tube Cover ........................................................ REMOVE
Pitot Tube Opening ....................................................... CHECK
for stoppage
Stall Warning Opening................................................... CHECK
for stoppage
To check the system, place a clean handkerchief over the
vent opening and apply suction; a sound from the warning
horn will confirm system operation.
Fuel Tank Vent Opening................................................ CHECK
for stoppage
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Page 18 - 142
Page 19 - 142
BEFORE TAKEOFF
Parking Brake ...................................................................... SET
Cabin Doors .............................................................. LATCHED
Flight Controls ......................................... FREE and CORRECT
Flight Instruments ................................................................ SET
Elevator Trim ............................................................. TAKEOFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve ................................................................ ON
Mixture.................................................. RICH (below 3000 feet)
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Back Area ....................................................................... CLEAR
Brakes ................................................................................. SET
Throttle ..................................................................... 1700 RPM
Magnetos....................................................................... CHECK
(RPM drop should not exceed 150 RPM on either magneto
or 75 RPM differential between magnetos)
Carburettor Heat............................................................ CHECK
(for RPM drop)
Engine Instruments and Ammeter ................................. CHECK
Suction Gage................................................................. CHECK
Throttle ................................................................. CHECK IDLE
Throttle .............................................................. 1000 RPM SET
Flight instruments and Radios ............................................. SET
Flashing Beacon, Navigation Lights and/or Strobe Lights
...........................................................................ON as required
Throttle Friction Lock .................................................... ADJUST
Wing Flaps ............................................................................. 0
Brakes ....................................................................... RELEASE
RUNWAY ITEMS
Pitot Heat.............................................................................. ON
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Transponder ............................................................. - - - - SET
Runway heading............................................................ CHECK
Time .............................................................................. CHECK
Take-Off Clearance(if applicable) .............................RECEIVED
TAKEOFF
NORMAL TAKE-OFF
Wing Flaps ..............................................................................0
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Elevator Control..................... LIFT NOSE WHEEL (at 55 MPH)
Climb Speed ........................................................... 70 - 80 MPH
MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKE-OFF
Wing Flaps ............................................................................. 0
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Brakes .............................................................................. HOLD
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Brakes ....................................................................... RELEASE
Elevator Control....................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Climb Speed .................................................................. 70 MPH
(with obstacles ahead)
SHORT FIELD TAKE-OFF
Wing Flaps ........................................................................... 10
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Brakes ............................................................................ APPLY
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Brakes ....................................................................... RELEASE
Elevator Control....................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Climb Speed .................................................................. 70 MPH
(Until all obstacles are cleared)
Wing Flaps ................................................................ RETRACT
Page 20 - 142
AFTER TAKE-OFF
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Throttle .............................................................................. FULL
Wing Flaps .................................................................... UP SET
ENROUTE CLIMB
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Airspeed ................................................................. 70 - 85 MPH
NOTE:
If a maximum performance climb is necessary, use speeds
shown in the Maximum Rate-of-Climb data chart in Section
VI
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Mixture........................................ RICH (unless engine is rough)
LEAN for maximum RPM above 3000 feet
Landing Light ....................................................................... SET
CRUISE
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Power ............................................................ 2000 2750 RPM
(No more than 75%)
Elevator Trim ................................................................ ADJUST
Mixture.............................................................................. LEAN
Fuel Quantity ................................................................. CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
DESCENT
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Mixture ................................................................................ SET
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
BEFORE LANDING
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Seats, Belts, Harnesses ............................ ADJUST AND LOCK
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
(Apply full heat before closing throttle)
Landing Light ........................................................................ ON
Briefing .................................................................COMPLETED
Flaps.................................................................................... SET
Page 21 - 142
LANDING
NORMAL LANDING
Airspeed ................................................. 70-80 MPH (flaps UP)
Wing Flaps ............................... AS DESIRED (below 100 MPH)
Airspeed ...........................................60-70 MPH (flaps DOWN)
Touchdown ............................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Landing Roll .......................... LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY
Braking ................................................... MINIMUM REQUIRED
SHORT FIELD LANDING
Airspeed .................................................. 70-80 MPH (flaps up)
Wing Flaps ............................................... 30 (below 100 MPH)
Airspeed ..................................................... MAINTAIN 70 MPH
Power .......................................................................... REDUCE
to idle as obstacle is cleared
Touchdown ............................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Brakes ............................................................ APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps ................................................................ RETRACT
BALKED LANDING
Throttle .................................................................. FULL OPEN
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Wing Flaps ......................................................RETRACT to 20
Airspeed ........................................................................ 65 MPH
Wing Flaps .................................................... RETRACT(slowly)
AFTER LANDING
Pitot Heat............................................................................. OFF
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Wing Flaps ............................................................................ UP
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Transponder ............................................................... - - - SET
Time .............................................................................. CHECK
SECURING AIRCRAFT
Parking Brake ...................................................................... SET
Radios, Electrical Equipment............................................... OFF
Mixture............................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
(Pulled full out)
All Switches ......................................................................... OFF
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Fuel Shut Off Valve ............................................................. SET
Control Lock ................................................................ INSTALL
Windows ...................................................................... CLOSED
Time .............................................................................. NOTED
STALL
Briefing ................................................................... COMPLETE
Safety Belts ............................................................. FASTENED
Loose Items ................................................................ STOWED
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
APOS ............................................................................ CHECK
AFTER STALL
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Throttle ....................................................................... - - - SET
Mixture........................................................................ - - - SET
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Orientation ..................................................................... CHECK
Page 22 - 142
5.2
COMPLETE
Position ....
CLEAR
Papers.......................................
ON BOARD
STOWED
ON
OFF
Brakes
Circuit breakers......................
CHECK IN
RECEIVED
If applicable.
Briefing...................................
COMPLETED
Page 23 - 142
STARTING ENGINE
(This checklist shall be performed just before engine start.)
Mixture....................................
RICH
Carburettor Heat....................
COLD
Master Switch.
ON
Lights..........................
SET
Annunciators...................
CHECK
Prime......................................
AS REQUIRED
(Up to 3 strokes)
Throttle....................................
Propeller area........................
CLEAR
Ignition switch.
START
(Release when engine
Starts)
Throttle....................
ADJUST
For 1000 RPM or less
Oil pressure............................
CHECK
OUT
Alternator output...................
CHECK
Page 24 - 142
BEFORE TAXI
(This checklist shall be performed after engine start en before taxi.)
Avionics....................................
Avionics panel:
SET
Select intercom switch to "phone" if you are using headphones,
otherwise select intercom switch to "speaker".
The switches on the avionics panel have three positions:
Speaker-OFF-Phone
Speaker = UP, OFF = middle, Phone = down.
Select mic-selector to COM-1 (there is only one com)
Select COM to phone
Select NAV OFF
Select ADF OFF
Select DME OFF
Select Marker OFF.
Select ON
If there is no avionics master switch, turn individual avionics ON.
COM
NAV
Select a NAV beacon. If you are receiving its signal on the ground:
Identify the beacon: set NAV on the avionics panel to phone, check
morse code, select NAV on avionics panel to OFF.
Check current radial, turn course selector 10 degrees to the left and
check full scale deflection to the left. Turn course selector 90 degrees
to the left check TO/FROM change, select course selector 10 degrees
to the right of centre radial, check still full scale deflection, to the right.
Turn on to original radial, check indicated radial centred.
If for first part of flight a radial shall be flown, select this radial.
Select a suitable beacon as stby.
ADF
Select a NDB.
Select ADF on the avionics panel to "phone" and adjust volume to
desired audio level. Identify its morse code. Select ADF on avionics
panel OFF.
Set ADF in ANT mode, check ADF pointer will go to 90 degrees
parked position.
Set ADF in ADF mode, check ADF pointer returns to current QDM
through shortest way.
Select NDB frequency for departure.
DME
Transponder
Page 25 - 142
SET
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
Time........................................
NOTED
TAXI
(This checklist items shall be performed during taxi. The checklist at the holding position before
the run up.)
Brakes....................................
CHECKED
BEFORE TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed at the holding position, preferably into the wind just before
departure. If possible leave room for other aircraft to pass.)
Parking Brake..........................
SET
Cabin Doors.
LATCHED
Flight controls.........................
SET
Elevator Trim............................
TAKE-OFF
Page 26 - 142
ON
Mixture.....................................
Engine Instruments.
CHECK
Back Area..................................
CLEAR
Brakes..........
SET
Throttle.....................................
1700 RPM
Magnetos.................................
CHECK
Carburettor heat.......................
Suction Gage............................
CHECK
Throttle
CHECK IDLE
Throttle..
Page 27 - 142
ON as required
ADJUST
Wing flaps...............................
Brakes..........
RELEASE
RUNWAY ITEMS
(These checklist items shall be performed by memory. In case of single pilot operation these
items shall be performed standing still. Line up clearance(if applicable) must be received.)
Pitot heat.................................
ON
Lights.......................................
SET
Carburettor heat.....................
OFF
Transponder ...........................
- - - SET
Runway heading.....................
CHECK
Time.........................................
CHECK
Take-off clearance..................
RECEIVED
If applicable.
TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during take-off.)
NORMAL TAKE-OFF
Wing flaps..
Carburettor Heat..
COLD
Throttle...
FULL OPEN
Elevator Control...
Climb speed..
70 80 MPH
COLD
Brakes.......................................
APPLY
Throttle.....................................
FULL OPEN
Page 28 - 142
Brakes....................................
RELEASE
Elevator Control...................
Climb Speed.........................
70 MPH
(with obstacles ahaed)
10
Carburettor Heat.....................
COLD
Brakes.......................................
APPLY
Throttle.....................................
FULL OPEN
Mixture.....................................
RICH
(Above 3000, LEAN to obtain
Maximum RPM)
Brakes....................................
RELEASE
Elevator Control...................
Climb Speed.........................
70 MPH
(until all obstacles are cleared)
Wing Flaps...........................
RETRACT
AFTER TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed when time permits, clear of obstacles and at or above 400 ft HAA. This is
not applicable when staying in the circuit, this checklist shall then be performed by memory.)
Engine instruments.................
CHECK
Carburettor heat......................
OFF
Throttle...................................
FULL
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
ENROUTE CLIMB
(This checklist shall be performed when passing transition altitude, leaving the CTR or continuing cruise
below transition altitude whichever comes first.)
Altimeter...................................
- - - SET
Airspeed.
70 to 85 MPH
Page 29 - 142
Engine instruments................
CHECK
Throttle.....................................
FULL OPEN
Mixture .....................................
RICH
Landing light............................
SET
CRUISE
(This checklist shall be performed after levelling off for cruise.)
Engine instruments................
CHECKED
Power.
Elevator Trim.
ADJUST
Mixture.....................................
LEAN
Fuel Quantity
CHECK
Directional Gyro......................
CHECK
DESCENT
(This checklist shall be performed after starting a descent.)
Altimeter.................................
SET
Engine instruments...............
CHECKED
Mixture....................................
SET
Carburettor Heat......................
ON
BEFORE LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed when cleared to an altitude (if applicable) and inbound for a landing.
Items may be delayed until on final, but must be completed before reaching 500 AAL. During circuit
training Stella items must be omitted, except for the items ENGINE INSTRUMENTS, BRIEFING and
FLAPS.)
Altimeter.................................
- - - SET
Directional Gyro......................
CHECK
Page 30 - 142
Engine instruments..............
CHECK
Mixture....................................
RICH
Carburettor heat.....................
ON
(Apply full heat before
Closing throttle)
Landing light..........................
ON
Briefing.
COMPLETED
(The check of the items below shall be completed when established on final)
Flaps..........................................
- - - SET
LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during landing.)
NORMAL LANDING
Airspeed ..................................... 70-80 MPH (flaps UP)
Wing Flaps....................AS DESIRED (below 100 MPH)
Airspeed ................................. 60-70 MPH (flaps down)
Touchdown ................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Landing Roll .............. LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY
Braking ........................................ MINIMUM REQUIRED
SHORT FIELD LANDING
Airspeed ...................................... 70-80 MPH (flaps up)
Wing Flaps.................................... 30 (below 100 MPH)
Airspeed .......................................... MAINTAIN 70 MPH
Power .............. REDUCE to idle as obstacle is cleared
Touchdown ................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Brakes .................................................. APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps...................................................... RETRACT
BALKED LANDING
Throttle ....................................................... FULL OPEN
SOP C150/C152 - Issue 08
Page 31 - 142
OFF
Lights......................................
SET
Wing Flaps.............................
UP
Carburettor heat....................
COLD
Transponder..........................
SET
Time.........................................
NOTED
SECURING AIRCRAFT
This checklist shall be performed when on parking position.)
Parking brake ........................
SET
OFF
Mixture...................................
All switches...........................
OFF
Ignition Switch
OFF
Master Switch.........................
OFF
- - - SET
Control lock............................
INSTALL
Windows...................................
CLOSED
Page 32 - 142
Time........................................
NOTED
PRE STALL
(This checklist shall be performed after the stall briefing and just before the (stall) exercise.)
Briefing..................................
COMPLETE
Safety belts...........................
FASTENED
Loose items.
STOWED
Engine instruments.............
CHECKED
Carburettor heat...................
ON
Mixture..................................
RICH
APOS..............................
CHECKED
AFTER STALL
(This checklist shall be performed when stabilized on altitude/level after the (stall) exercise.)
Flaps....................................
UP SET
Carburettor Heat.................
OFF
Throttle...............................
SET
Mixture................................
SET
Engine instruments...........
CHECK
Directional Gyro.................
CHECK
Orientation.........................
CHECK
Page 33 - 142
Page 34 - 142
5.3
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
Note:
Visually check airplane for general condition during walk-around inspection. In cold weather, remove even
small accumulations of frost, ice or snow from wing, tail and control surfaces.
Also, make sure that control surfaces contain no internal accumulations of ice or debris. Prior to flight,
check that pitot heater (if installed) is warm to touch within 30 seconds with battery and pitot heat switches
on.
If a night flight is planned, check operation of all lights, and make sure a flashlight is available.
CABIN
Control Wheel Lock .................................................... REMOVE
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Master Switch ....................................................................... ON
Fuel Quantity Indicators.............................. CHECK QUANTITY
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve ................................................................ ON
EMPENNAGE
Rudder Gust Lock ...................................................... REMOVE
Tail Tie-Down ..................................................... DISCONNECT
Control Surfaces............................................................ CHECK
freedom of movement and security
RIGHT WING
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel Tank Sump Quick Drain Valve ................................ DRAIN
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, use
sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank
sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade.
Fuel Quantity .............................................. CHECK VISUALLY
for desired level
Fuel Filler Cap ............................................................. SECURE
Page 35 - 142
NOSE
Engine Oil Level ............................................................ CHECK
do not operate with less than four quarts. Fill to six quarts
for extended flight.
Strainer Drain Knob ........................................................... PULL
to clear water and sediment
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, pull
out strainer drain knob for about four seconds to clear fuel
strainer of possible water and sediment. Check strainer
drain closed. If water is observed, the fuel system may
contain additional water, and further draining of the system
at the strainer, fuel tank sumps, and fuel line drain plug will
be necessary.
Propeller and Spinner .................................................... CHECK
for nicks and security
Carburettor Air Filter ...................................................... CHECK
for restrictions by dust or other foreign matter
Landing Light(s)............................................................. CHECK
for condition and cleanliness
Nose Wheel Strut and Tire ............................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Nose Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Static Source Opening (left side of fuselage) ................ CHECK
for stoppage
LEFT WING
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel Tank Sump .............................................................. DRAIN
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, use
sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank
sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade.
Fuel Quantity ............................................... CHECK VISUALLY
for desired level
Fuel Filler Cap ............................................................. SECURE
Pitot Tube Cover ........................................................ REMOVE
Pitot Tube Opening ....................................................... CHECK
for stoppage
Stall Warning Opening................................................... CHECK
for stoppage
To check the system, place a clean handkerchief over the
vent opening and apply suction; a sound from the warning
horn will confirm system operation.
Fuel Tank Vent Opening................................................ CHECK
for stoppage
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Page 36 - 142
NORMAL CHECKLIST
BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
Preflight Inspection ................................................. COMPLETE
Position........................................................................... CLEAR
Papers ..................................................................... ON BOARD
Loose Items ................................................................ STOWED
Seats, Belts, Shoulder Harnesses .............. ADJUST and LOCK
Fuel Shutoff Valve ................................................................ ON
Radios, Electrical Equipment............................................... OFF
Brakes ................................................................ TEST and SET
Circuit Breakers ......................................................... CHECK IN
Start Up (if applicable) ..............................................RECEIVED
Briefing ................................................................... COMPLETE
STARTING ENGINE (Temperatures Above Freezing)
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Prime ................................................................. AS REQUIRED
(Up to 3 strokes)
Throttle ............................................................. OPEN 1/2 INCH
Propeller Area ................................................................ CLEAR
Master Switch ....................................................................... ON
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Annunciators ................................................................. CHECK
Ignition Switch ................................................................ START
(Release when engine starts)
Throttle ......................................................................... ADJUST
for 1000 RPM or less
Oil Pressure................................................................... CHECK
Starter Warning Light (if installed) ...................................... OUT
Alternator Output ........................................................... CHECK
BEFORE TAXI
Avionics ................................................................................ ON
Flight Instruments ................................................................ SET
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Time .............................................................................. NOTED
TAXI
Brakes ...................................................................... CHECKED
Gyro Instruments and Compass ............................... CHECKED
Page 37 - 142
BEFORE TAKEOFF
Parking Brake ...................................................................... SET
Cabin Doors ........................................CLOSED and LATCHED
Flight Controls ......................................... FREE and CORRECT
Flight Instruments ................................................................ SET
Fuel Shutoff Valve ................................................................ ON
Mixture.................................................. RICH (below 3000 feet)
Elevator Trim ............................................................. TAKEOFF
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Back Area ....................................................................... CLEAR
Throttle ..................................................................... 1700 RPM
Magnetos....................................................................... CHECK
(RPM drop should not exceed 125 RPM on either magneto
or 50 RPM differential between magnetos)
Carburettor Heat............................................................ CHECK
(for RPM drop)
Engine Instruments and Ammeter ................................. CHECK
Suction Gage................................................................. CHECK
Throttle ............................................................................... IDLE
Throttle .............................................................. 1000 RPM SET
Radios ................................................................................. SET
Flashing Beacon, Navigation Lights and/or Strobe Lights
...........................................................................ON as required
Throttle Friction Lock .................................................... ADJUST
Flaps........................................................................... - - - SET
Brakes ....................................................................... RELEASE
RUNWAY ITEMS
Pitot Heat.............................................................................. ON
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Transponder ............................................................... - - - SET
Runway Heading ........................................................... CHECK
Time .............................................................................. CHECK
Take-Off Clearance (if applicable) ............................RECEIVED
TAKEOFF
NORMAL TAKE-OFF
Wing Flaps ..................................................................... 0 - 10
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Elevator Control........................LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 50 KIAS
Climb Speed ...........................................................65 - 75 KIAS
SHORT FIELD TAKE-OFF
Wing Flaps ........................................................................... 10
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Brakes ............................................................................ APPLY
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
(Above 3000, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM)
Brakes ....................................................................... RELEASE
Elevator Control....................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Climb Speed .................................................................. 54 KIAS
(Until all obstacles are cleared)
Wing Flaps ................................................................ RETRACT
slowly after reaching 60 KIAS
AFTER TAKEOFF
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Throttle .............................................................................. FULL
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Page 38 - 142
ENROUTE CLIMB
Altimeter ...................................................................... - - - SET
Airspeed .................................................................70 - 80 KIAS
NOTE:
If a maximum performance climb is necessary, use speeds
shown in the Rate of Climb chart in POH section 5
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Mixture..................................................... RICH below 3000 feet
LEAN for maximum RPM above 3000 feet
Landing Light ............................................................... - - - SET
CRUISE
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Power ............................................................ 1900 2550 RPM
(No more than 75%)
Elevator Trim ................................................................ ADJUST
Mixture.............................................................................. LEAN
Fuel Quantity ................................................................. CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
DESCENT
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Mixture ................................................................................ SET
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
BEFORE LANDING
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Engine Instruments........................................................ CHECK
Seats, Belts, Harnesses ............................ ADJUST AND LOCK
Mixture ............................................................................... RICH
Carburettor Heat ................................................................... ON
(Apply full heat before closing throttle)
Landing light ......................................................................... ON
Briefing .................................................................COMPLETED
Flaps............................................................................ - - - SET
Page 39 - 142
LANDING
NORMAL LANDING
Airspeed .................................................. 60-70 KIAS (flaps up)
Wing Flaps ................................ AS DESIRED (below 85 KIAS)
Airspeed ............................................. 55-65 KIAS (flaps down)
Touchdown ............................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Landing Roll .......................... LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY
Braking ................................................... MINIMUM REQUIRED
SHORT FIELD LANDING
Airspeed .................................................. 60-70 KIAS (flaps up)
Wing Flaps .................................................30 (below 85 KIAS)
Airspeed ..................................................... MAINTAIN 54 KIAS
Power .......................................................................... REDUCE
to idle as obstacle is cleared
Touchdown ............................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Brakes ............................................................ APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps ................................................................ RETRACT
BALKED LANDING
Throttle .................................................................. FULL OPEN
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Wing Flaps ......................................................RETRACT to 20
Airspeed ........................................................................ 55 KIAS
Wing Flaps .................................................... RETRACT(slowly)
AFTER LANDING
Pitot Heat............................................................................. OFF
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Wing Flaps ............................................................................ UP
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Transponder ............................................................... - - - SET
Time .............................................................................. CHECK
SECURING AIRPLANE
Parking Brake ...................................................................... SET
Throttle .............................................................. 1000 RPM SET
Radios, Electrical Equipment............................................... OFF
Mixture............................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
(Pull full out)
All Switches ......................................................................... OFF
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Fuel Shut Off valve ...................................................... - - - SET
Control Lock ................................................................ INSTALL
Window........................................................................ CLOSED
Time .............................................................................. NOTED
STALL
Briefing ................................................................... COMPLETE
Safety Belts ............................................................. FASTENED
Loose Items ................................................................ STOWED
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
APOS ............................................................................ CHECK
AFTER STALL
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Throttle ....................................................................... - - - SET
Mixture........................................................................ - - - SET
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Orientation ..................................................................... CHECK
Page 40 - 142
5.4
COMPLETE
Position ....
CLEAR
Papers.......................................
ON BOARD
STOWED
ON
OFF
Brakes
Circuit Breakers..........................
CHECK IN
COMPLETED
Page 41 - 142
STARTING ENGINE
(This checklist shall be performed just before engine start.)
Mixture....................................
RICH
Carburettor Heat.....................
COLD
Prime......................................
AS REQUIRED
Throttle....................................
Propeller Area.........................
CLEAR
Master switch
ON
Lights..........................
SET
Annunciators
CHECK
Ignition switch.
START
Throttle....................
ADJUST
Oil pressure............................
CHECK
OUT
Alternator Output...................
CHECK
Page 42 - 142
BEFORE TAXI
(This checklist shall be performed after engine start en before taxi.)
Avionics....................................
Avionics panel:
ON
Select intercom switch to "phone" if you are using headphones,
otherwise select intercom switch to "speaker".
The switches on the avionics panel have three positions:
Speaker-OFF-Phone
Speaker = UP, OFF=middle, Phone = down.
Select mic-selector to COM-1 (there is only one com)
Select COM to phone
Select NAV OFF
Select ADF OFF
Select DME OFF
Select Marker OFF.
Select ON
If there is no Avionics Master switch, turn individual avionics ON.
COM
NAV
Select a NAV beacon. If you are receiving its signal on the ground:
Identify the beacon: set NAV on the avionics panel to phone, check
morse code, select NAV on avionics panel to OFF.
Check current radial, turn course selector 10 degrees to the left and
check full scale deflection to the left. Turn course selector 90 degrees
to the left check TO/FROM change, select course selector 10 degrees
to the right of centre radial, check still full scale deflection, to the right.
Turn on to original radial, check indicated radial centred.
If for first part of flight a radial shall be flown, select this radial.
Select a suitable beacon as stby.
ADF
Select a NDB.
Select ADF on the avionics panel to "phone" and adjust volume to
desired audio level. Identify its morse code. Select ADF on avionics
panel OFF.
Set ADF in ANT mode, check ADF pointer will go to 90 degrees
parked position.
Set ADF in ADF mode, check ADF pointer returns to current QDM
through shortest way.
Select NDB frequency for departure.
DME
Transponder
Page 43 - 142
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
Time........................................
NOTED
TAXI
(This checklist items shall be performed during taxi. The checklist at the holding position before
the run up.)
Brakes....................................
CHECKED
CHECKED
BEFORE TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed at the holding position, preferably into the wind just before
departure. If possible leave room for other aircraft to pass.)
Parking Brake..........................
SET
Cabin Doors.
Flight Controls.........................
Flight Instruments...
SET
ON
Mixture.....................................
Page 44 - 142
Elevator Trim............................
TAKE-OFF
Engine Instruments.
CHECK
Back area..................................
CLEAR
Throttle
1700 RPM
Magnetos.................................
CHECK
Carburettor heat.......................
CHECK
CHECK
Suction Gage............................
CHECK
Throttle
IDLE
Throttle..
Radios
SET
ON as required
ADJUST
Flaps..............................
- - - SET
Safety belts
FASTENED
Briefing......................................
COMPLETED
Brakes..
RELEASE
Page 45 - 142
RUNWAY ITEMS
(These checklist items shall be performed by memory. In case of single pilot operation these
items shall be performed standing still. Line up clearance(if applicable) must be received.)
Pitot heat.................................
ON
Lights.......................................
SET
Carburettor heat......................
OFF
Transponder ...........................
- - - SET
Runway Heading.....................
CHECK
Time.........................................
CHECK
Take-off clearance..................
(If applicable)
RECEIVED
TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during take-off.)
NORMAL TAKE-OFF
Wing flaps..
0-10
Carburettor Heat..
COLD
Throttle...
FULL OPEN
Elevator Control...
Climb speed..
65-75 KIAS
10
Carburettor Heat..
COLD
Brakes
APPLY
Throttle
FULL OPEN
Elevator Control...
Climb speed..
54 KIAS
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT
Page 46 - 142
AFTER TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed when time permits, clear of obstacles and at or above 400 ft HAA. This is
not applicable when staying in the circuit, this checklist shall then be performed by memory.)
Engine instruments.................
CHECK
Carburettor heat........................
OFF
Throttle...................................
FULL
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
ENROUTE CLIMB
(This checklist shall be performed when passing transition altitude, leaving the CTR or continuing cruise
below transition altitude whichever comes first.)
Altimeter...................................
- - - SET
Airspeed.
70 to 80 KIAS
Engine instruments................
CHECK
Throttle.....................................
FULL OPEN
Mixture .....................................
RICH
Landing light............................
- - - SET
CRUISE
(This checklist shall be performed after levelling off for cruise.)
Engine instruments................
CHECKED
Power.
Elevator Trim.
ADJUST
Mixture.....................................
LEAN
Fuel Quantity
CHECK
Directional gyro......................
CHECK
Page 47 - 142
DESCENT
(This checklist shall be performed after starting a descent.)
Altimeter.................................
SET
Engine instruments...............
CHECKED
Mixture....................................
SET
Carburettor heat......................
ON
BEFORE LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed when cleared to an altitude (if applicable) and inbound for a landing.
Items may be delayed until on final, but must be completed before reaching 500 AAL. During circuit
training Stella items must be omitted, except for the items ENGINE INSTRUMENTS, BRIEFING and
FLAPS.)
ATIS.........................................
RECEIVED
Altimeter.................................
- - - SET
Directional gyro.....................
CHECK
Engine instruments..............
CHECK
Mixture....................................
RICH
Carburettor heat....................
ON
Selecting carburettor heat ON reduces rpm
(Apply full heat
with approximately 100 rpm. Reset throttle
Before closing throttle) to desired rpm.
Landing light..........................
ON
Briefing.
COMPLETED
(The check of the items below shall be completed when established on final)
Flaps..........................................
- - - SET
LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during landing.)
NORMAL LANDING
Airspeed.
Wing Flaps....
Page 48 - 142
Airspeed.
Touchdown
Landing Roll.
Braking...
MINIMUM REQUIRED
Wing Flaps....
30
Airspeed.
Power..
REDUCE
Touchdown
Braking...
APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT
BALKED LANDING
Throttle
Full open
Carburettor Heat..........
COLD
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT TO 20
Airspeed.
65 MPH
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT (slowly)
AFTER LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed by memory after vacating the runway. The checklist may be
performed rolling during single pilot operations but on straight taxiways only. The checklist shall
then be read when on the parking position.)
Pitot heat................................
OFF
Lights......................................
SET
Page 49 - 142
ing Flaps.............................
UP
Carburettor Heat....................
COLD
Transponder..........................
- - - SET
Time.........................................
CHECK
SECURING AIRPLANE
(This checklist shall be performed when on parking position.)
Parking brake ........................
SET
OFF
Mixture...................................
All switches...........................
OFF
Ignition Switch
OFF
Master Switch.........................
OFF
- - - SET
Control Lock............................
INSTALL
Window...................................
CLOSED
Time........................................
NOTED
STALL
(This checklist shall be performed after the stall briefing and just before the (stall) exercise.)
Briefing..................................
COMPLETE
Safety belts...........................
FASTENED
Loose items.
STOWED
Engine instruments.............
CHECK
Carburettor Heat....................
ON
Mixture..................................
RICH
APOS..............................
CHECK
Page 50 - 142
AFTER STALL
(This checklist shall be performed when stabilized on altitude/level after the (stall) exercise.)
Flaps....................................
UP SET
Carburettor Heat.................
OFF
Throttle...............................
- - - SET
Mixture................................
- - - SET
Engine instruments...........
CHECK
Directional Gyro.................
CHECK
Orientation.........................
CHECK
Page 51 - 142
Page 52 - 142
5.5
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
Note:
Visually check aircraft for general condition during walk-around inspection. In cold weather, remove even
small accumulations of frost, ice or snow from wing, tail and control surfaces. Also, make sure that control
surfaces contain no internal accumulations of ice or debris.
If night flight is planned, check operation of all lights, and make sure a flashlight is available.
CABIN
Control Wheel Lock .................................................... REMOVE
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Master Switch ....................................................................... ON
Fuel Quantity Indicators.............................. CHECK QUANTITY
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve Handle .................................................... ON
EMPENNAGE
Rudder Gust Lock ...................................................... REMOVE
If installed
Tail Tie-Down ..................................................... DISCONNECT
Control Surfaces............................................................ CHECK
freedom of movement and security
RIGHT WING
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel Tank Sump Quick Drain Valve ................................ DRAIN
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, use
sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank
sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade.
Fuel Quantity .............................................. CHECK VISUALLY
Fuel Filler Cap .......................................................... SECURED
Page 53 - 142
NOSE
Engine Oil Level ............................................................ CHECK
do not operate with less than four quarts. Fill to six quarts
for extended flight.
Strainer drain knob ............................................................ PULL
to clear water and sediment
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, pull
out strainer drain knob for about four seconds to clear fuel
strainer of possible water and sediment. Check strainer
drain closed. If water is observed, the fuel system may
contain additional water, and further draining of the system
at the strainer, fuel tank sumps, and fuel line drain plug will
be necessary.
Propeller and Spinner .................................................... CHECK
for nicks and security
Carburettor Air Filter ...................................................... CHECK
for restrictions by dust or other foreign matter
Landing Light ................................................................. CHECK
for condition and cleanliness
Nose Wheel Strut and Tire ............................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Nose Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Static Source Opening (left side of fuselage) ................ CHECK
for stoppage
LEFT WING
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel tank sump ................................................................ DRAIN
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, use
sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank
sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade.
Fuel Quantity ..........................................
CHECK VISUALLY
Fuel Filler Cap ............................................................. SECURE
Pitot Tube Cover ................................... REMOVE (if installed)
Pitot Tube Opening ....................................................... CHECK
for stoppage
Stall Warning Vent Opening .......................................... CHECK
for stoppage
Fuel Tank Vent Opening................................................ CHECK
for stoppage
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Page 54 - 142
NORMAL CHECKLIST
BEFORE ENTERING THE AIRPLANE
Make an exterior inspection in accordance with the
Preflight inspection
BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE
Position........................................................................... CLEAR
Papers ..................................................................... ON BOARD
Loose Items ................................................................ STOWED
Seats, Seat Belts ....................................... ADJUST AND LOCK
Brakes .............................................................. TEST AND SET
Fuel Shutoff Valve Handle .................................................... ON
Radios and Electrical Equipment ......................................... OFF
Circuit Breakers ......................................................... CHECK IN
Start Up (if applicable) ..............................................RECEIVED
Briefing .................................................................COMPLETED
STARTING THE ENGINE
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
Light switches ...................................................................... SET
Primer ................................................................ AS REQUIRED
Master Switch ....................................................................... ON
Throttle ................................................. OPEN 1/2 INCH (1 cm)
Propeller Area ................................................................ CLEAR
Starter..........................................................................ENGAGE
Throttle .............................................................. 1000 RPM SET
Oil Pressure................................................................... CHECK
Starter Warning Light (if applicable) ................................... OUT
BEFORE TAXI
Avionics ................................................................................ ON
Flight Instruments ................................................................ SET
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Time .............................................................................. NOTED
TAXI
Brakes ...................................................................... CHECKED
Gyro Instruments and Compass ............................... CHECKED
BEFORE TAKE-OFF
Parking Brake ...................................................................... SET
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
Back Area ....................................................................... CLEAR
Throttle Setting .......................................................... 1700 RPM
Engine Instruments ................................. WITHIN GREEN ARC
Magnetos....................................................................... CHECK
(RPM drop should not exceed 150 RPM on either magneto
or 75 RPM differential between magnetos)
Carburettor Heat............................................ CHECK operation
Suction Gage................................................................. CHECK
(4.6 to 5.4 inches of mercury)
Alternator Output ........................................................... CHECK
Throttle ............................................................................... IDLE
Throttle .............................................................. 1000 RPM SET
Flight Controls ............................................................... CHECK
for free movement
Trim Tab ..................................................... TAKE-OFF setting
Cabin Doors .............................................................. LATCHED
Flight Instruments and Radios ............................................. SET
Throttle Friction Lock .................................................... ADJUST
Wing Flaps .......................................................................... SET
RUNWAY ITEMS
SOP C150/C152 - Issue 08
Page 55 - 142
Pitot Heat.............................................................................. ON
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Transponder ............................................................... - - - SET
Runway heading............................................................ CHECK
Time .............................................................................. CHECK
Take-Off Clearance (if applicable) ............................RECEIVED
TAKE OFF
NORMAL TAKE-OFF
Wing Flaps ............................................................................ UP
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Elevator Control........................LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 50 KIAS
Climb Speed .............................................................60-69 KIAS
Until all obstacles are cleared, then set up climb speed as
shown in NORMAL CLIMB checklist.
MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKE-OFF
Wing flaps............................................................................... 0
(Refer to POH p. 4-15, Flap Settings)
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Brakes .............................................................................. HOLD
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Brakes ....................................................................... RELEASE
Elevator Control....................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Climb Speed .................................................................. 60 KIAS
AFTER TAKE-OFF
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Throttle .............................................................................. FULL
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
CLIMB
NORMAL CLIMB
Altimeter ............................................................................. SET
IAS ....................................................................... 65 to 75 KIAS
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Mixture..................................................................... FULL RICH
(Mixture may be leaned above 5000 feet)
Landing Light ...................................................................... SET
MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB
Altimeter ............................................................................. SET
IAS ................................................................................ 68 KIAS
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
Landing Light ...................................................................... SET
CRUISING
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Power ........................................................... 2000 to 2750 RPM
Elevator Trim ................................................................ ADJUST
Mixture................................................. LEAN to maximum RPM
Fuel Quantity ................................................................ CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Page 56 - 142
DESCENT
Altimeter .................................................................... - - - SET
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Mixture ............................................................................ SET
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
BEFORE LANDING
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
(apply full heat before closing throttle)
IAS ....................................................................... 60 to 70 KIAS
Wing Flaps ................................... AS DESIRED below 85 KIAS
Airspeed ........................................50 to 60 KTS (Flaps DOWN)
Landing Light ........................................................................ ON
Safety Belts ............................................................. FASTENED
Briefing .................................................................COMPLETED
Flaps............................................................................ - - - SET
LANDING
BALKED LANDING
Throttle .................................................................. FULL OPEN
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Wing Flaps ....................................................RETRACT TO 20
Airspeed ........................................................................ 55 KIAS
Wing Flaps ................................................... RETRACT (slowly)
NORMAL LANDING
Touchdown ...................................................... Main wheels first
Landing Roll ....................................... Lower nose wheel gently
Braking .......................................................... Minimum required
AFTER LANDING
Pitot Heat............................................................................. OFF
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Wing Flaps ............................................................................ UP
Carburettor heat ............................................................... COLD
Transponder ............................................................... - - - SET
Time .............................................................................. CHECK
SECURING THE AIRCRAFT
Parking brake ...................................................................... SET
Radios and Electrical Equipment ......................................... OFF
Mixture............................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
All Switches ......................................................................... OFF
Fuel shut Off valve ...................................................... - - - SET
Control Lock ........................................................... INSTALLED
Window........................................................................ CLOSED
Time .............................................................................. NOTED
Page 57 - 142
STALL
Briefing ................................................................... COMPLETE
Safety Belts ............................................................. FASTENED
Loose Items ................................................................ STOWED
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
APOS ............................................................................ CHECK
AFTER STALL
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Throttle ....................................................................... - - - SET
Mixture........................................................................ - - - SET
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Orientation ..................................................................... CHECK
Page 58 - 142
5.6
CLEAR
Papers.......................................
ON BOARD
STOWED
Brakes
ON
OFF
Circuit breakers......................
CHECK IN
RECEIVED
Briefing...................................
COMPLETED
STARTING ENGINE
(This checklist shall be performed just before engine start.)
Carburettor Heat....................
COLD
Mixture....................................
RICH
Light switches..........................
SET
Primer......................................
AS REQUIRED
Page 59 - 142
Propeller Area.........................
CLEAR
Starter.
ENGAGE
Throttle....................
Oil Pressure............................
CHECK
OUT
BEFORE TAXI
(This checklist shall be performed after engine start en before taxi.)
Avionics....................................
Avionics panel:
ON
Select intercom switch to "phone" if you are using headphones,
otherwise select intercom switch to "speaker".
The switches on the avionics panel have three positions:
Speaker-OFF-Phone
Speaker = UP, OFF = middle, Phone = down.
Select mic-selector to COM-1 (there is only one com)
Select COM to phone
Select NAV OFF
Select ADF OFF
Select DME OFF
Select Marker OFF.
Select ON
If there is no avionics Master Switch, turn individual avionics ON.
Page 60 - 142
COM
NAV
Select a NAV beacon. If you are receiving its signal on the ground:
Identify the beacon: set NAV on the avionics panel to phone, check
morse code, select NAV on avionics panel to OFF.
Check current radial, turn course selector 10 degrees to the left and
check full scale deflection to the left. Turn course selector 90 degrees
to the left check TO/FROM change, select course selector 10 degrees
to the right of centre radial, check still full scale deflection, to the right.
Turn on to original radial, check indicated radial centred.
If for first part of flight a radial shall be flown, select this radial.
Select a suitable beacon as stby.
ADF
Select a NDB.
Select ADF on the avionics panel to "phone" and adjust volume to
desired audio level. Identify its morse code. Select ADF on avionics
panel OFF.
Set ADF in ANT mode, check ADF pointer will go to 90 degrees
parked position.
Set ADF in ADF mode, check ADF pointer returns to current QDM
through shortest way.
Select NDB frequency for departure.
DME
Transponder
SET
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
Time........................................
NOTED
Page 61 - 142
TAXI
(This checklist items shall be performed during taxi. The checklist at the holding position before
the run up.)
Brakes....................................
CHECKED
CHECKED
BEFORE TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed at the holding position, preferably into the wind just before
departure. If possible leave room for other aircraft to pass.)
Parking Brake..........................
SET
Mixture.....................................
RICH
Back Area..................................
CLEAR
Throttle Setting.......................
1700 RPM
Engine Instruments.................
Magnetos.................................
CHECK
Carburettor heat.......................
CHECK operation
Suction Gage............................
CHECK
Page 62 - 142
Alternator Output.....................
CHECK
Throttle
IDLE
.
Throttle..
Flight controls.........................
CHECK
Trim Tab............................
TAKE-OFF
Cabin Doors.
SET
ADJUST
Wing Flaps............................
SET
RUNWAY ITEMS
(These checklist items shall be performed by memory. In case of single pilot operation these
items shall be performed standing still. Line up clearance(if applicable) must be received.)
Pitot heat.................................
ON
Lights.......................................
SET
Carburettor heat........................
OFF
Transponder ...........................
- - - SET
Runway heading.....................
CHECK
Time.........................................
CHECK
Take-off clearance..................
(If applicable)
RECEIVED
TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during take-off.)
NORMAL TAKE-OFF
Wing flaps..
UP
Carburettor Heat..
COLD
Throttle...
FULL OPEN
Elevator Control...
Climb speed..
60-69 KIAS
Carburettor Heat..
COLD
Brakes
HOLD
Throttle
FULLY OPEN
Brakes.
RELEASE
Elevator Control...
Climb speed..
60 KIAS
AFTER TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed when time permits, clear of obstacles and at or above 400 ft HAA. This is
not applicable when staying in the circuit, this checklist shall then be performed by memory.)
Engine instruments.................
CHECK
Carburettor heat......................
OFF
Throttle...................................
FULL
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
Page 64 - 142
CLIMB
(This checklist shall be performed when passing transition altitude or leaving the CTR whichever
comes first.)
NORMAL CLIMB
Altimeter...................................
- - - SET
Airspeed.
65 to 75 KIAS
Engine instruments................
CHECK
Throttle.....................................
FULL OPEN
Mixture .....................................
FULL RICH
(Mixture may be leaned above 5000 feet)
Landing Light............................
- - - SET
SET
IAS
68 KTS
Engine Instruments.
CHECK
Throttle
FULL OPEN
Mixture
RICH
Landing Light...
SET
CRUISING
(This checklist shall be performed after levelling off for cruise.)
Engine instruments................
CHECK
Power.
Elevator Trim.
ADJUST
Mixture.....................................
Fuel Quantity
CHECK
Directional Ggyro......................
CHECK
Page 65 - 142
DESCENT
(This checklist shall be performed after starting a descent.)
Altimeter.................................
SET
Engine instruments...............
CHECK
Mixture....................................
SET
Carburettor heat......................
ON
BEFORE LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed when cleared to an altitude (if applicable) and inbound for a landing.
Items may be delayed until on final, but must be completed before reaching 500 AAL. During circuit
training Stella items must be omitted, except for the items ENGINE INSTRUMENTS, BRIEFING and
FLAPS.)
Altimeter.................................
- - - SET
Directional gyro.....................
CHECK
Engine instruments..............
CHECK
Mixture....................................
RICH
Carburettor heat.......................
ON
IAS..
60 to 70 KTS
Wing Flaps.............................
Airspeed..
Landing light..........................
ON
Safety belts...............................
FASTENED
Briefing.
COMPLETED
(The check of the items below shall be completed when established on final)
Flaps......
- - - SET
LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during landing.)
BALKED LANDING
Throttle
Full open
Carburettor Heat.......
COLD
Page 66 - 142
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT TO 20
Airspeed.
55 KTS
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT (slowly)
NORMAL LANDING
Touchdown
Landing Roll.
Braking...
MINIMUM REQUIRED
AFTER LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed by memory after vacating the runway. The checklist may be
performed rolling during single pilot operations but on straight taxiways only. The checklist shall
then be read when on the parking position.)
Pitot heat................................
OFF
Lights......................................
SET
Wing Flaps.............................
UP
Carburettor heat......................
COLD
Transponder..........................
SET
Time.........................................
CHECK
SET
OFF
Mixture...................................
Ignition Switch.......................
OFF
Page 67 - 142
All Switches..............................
OFF
- - - SET
Control Lock............................
INSTALLED
Window...................................
CLOSED
Time........................................
NOTED
STALL
(This checklist shall be performed after the stall briefing and just before the (stall) exercise.)
Briefing..................................
COMPLETE
Safety Belts...........................
FASTENED
Loose Items.
STOWED
Engine Instruments.............
CHECK
Carburettor Heat...................
ON
Mixture..................................
RICH
APOS..............................
CHECK
AFTER STALL
(This checklist shall be performed when stabilized on altitude/level after the (stall) exercise.)
Flaps....................................
UP SET
Carburettor Heat..................
OFF
Throttle...............................
- - - SET
Mixture................................
- - - SET
Engine instruments...........
CHECK
Directional gyro.................
CHECK
Orientation.........................
CHECK
Page 68 - 142
5.7
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
Note:
Visually check airplane for general condition during walk-around inspection. In cold weather, remove even
small accumulations of frost, ice or snow from wing, tail and control surfaces.
Also, make sure that control surfaces contain no internal accumulations of ice or debris. Prior to flight,
check that pitot heater (if installed) is warm to touch within 30 seconds with battery and pitot heat switches
on.
If a night flight is planned, check operation of all lights, and make sure a flashlight is available.
CABIN
Pilots Operating Handbook ............. AVAILABLE IN AIRPLANE
Control Wheel Lock .................................................... REMOVE
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Master Switch ....................................................................... ON
WARNING
WHEN TURNING ON THE MASTER SWITCH, USING AN
EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE, OR PULLING THE
PROPELLER THROUGH BY HAND, TREAT THE
PROPELLER AS IF THE IGNITION SWITCH WERE ON. DO
NOT STAND, NOR ALLOW ANYONE ELSE TO STAND,
WITHIN THE ARC OF THE PROPELLER, SINCE A LOOSE
OR BROKEN WIRE, OR A COMPONENT MALFUNCTION,
COULD CAUSE THE PROPELLER TO ROTATE.
Fuel Quantity Indicators.............................. CHECK QUANTITY
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve ................................................................ ON
EMPENNAGE
Rudder Gust Lock ...................................................... REMOVE
Tail Tie-Down ..................................................... DISCONNECT
Control Surfaces............................................................ CHECK
freedom of movement and security
RIGHT WING
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel Tank Sump Quick Drain Valve ................................ DRAIN
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, use
sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank
sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade.
Fuel Quantity ............................................... CHECK VISUALLY
for desired level
Fuel Filler Cap ............................................................. SECURE
Page 69 - 142
NOSE
Engine Oil Level ............................................................ CHECK
do not operate with less than four quarts. Fill to six quarts
for extended flight.
Strainer drain knob ............................................................ PULL
to clear water and sediment
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, pull
out strainer drain knob for about four seconds to clear fuel
strainer of possible water and sediment. Check strainer
drain closed. If water is observed, the fuel system may
contain additional water, and further draining of the system
at the strainer, fuel tank sumps, and fuel line drain plug will
be necessary.
Propeller and Spinner .................................................... CHECK
for nicks and security
Carburettor Air Filter ...................................................... CHECK
for restrictions by dust or other foreign matter
Landing Light(s)............................................................. CHECK
for condition and cleanliness
Nose Wheel Strut and Tire ............................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Nose Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Static Source Opening (left side of fuselage) ................ CHECK
for stoppage
LEFT WING
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel tank sump ................................................................ DRAIN
Before first flight of the day and after each refuelling, use
sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank
sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade.
Fuel Quantity ............................................... CHECK VISUALLY
for desired level
Fuel Filler Cap ............................................................. SECURE
Pitot Tube Cover ........................................................ REMOVE
Pitot Tube Opening ....................................................... CHECK
for stoppage
Stall Warning Opening................................................... CHECK
for stoppage
To check the system, place a clean handkerchief over the
vent opening and apply suction; a sound from the warning
horn will confirm system operation.
Fuel Tank Vent Opening................................................ CHECK
for stoppage
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Page 70 - 142
Page 71 - 142
BEFORE TAKEOFF
Parking Brake ...................................................................... SET
Cabin Doors ........................................CLOSED and LATCHED
Flight Controls ......................................... FREE and CORRECT
Flight Instruments ................................................................ SET
Fuel Shutoff Valve ................................................................ ON
Mixture.................................................. RICH (below 3000 feet)
Elevator Trim ............................................................. TAKEOFF
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Back Area ....................................................................... CLEAR
Throttle ..................................................................... 1700 RPM
Magnetos....................................................................... CHECK
(RPM drop should not exceed 125 RPM on either magneto
or 50 RPM differential between magnetos)
Carburettor Heat............................................................ CHECK
(for RPM drop)
Engine Instruments and Ammeter ................................. CHECK
Suction Gage................................................................. CHECK
Throttle ............................................................................... IDLE
Throttle .............................................................. 1000 RPM SET
Radios ................................................................................. SET
Flashing Beacon, Navigation Lights and/or Strobe Lights
...........................................................................ON as required
Throttle Friction Lock .................................................... ADJUST
Flaps........................................................................... - - - SET
Brakes ....................................................................... RELEASE
RUNWAY ITEMS
Pitot Heat.............................................................................. ON
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Transponder ............................................................... - - - SET
Runway Heading ........................................................... CHECK
Time .............................................................................. CHECK
Take-off Clearance (if applicable) .............................RECEIVED
TAKEOFF
NORMAL TAKE-OFF
Wing Flaps ..................................................................... 0 - 10
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Elevator Control........................LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 50 KIAS
Climb Speed ...........................................................65 - 75 KIAS
SHORT FIELD TAKE-OFF
Wing Flaps ........................................................................... 10
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Brakes ............................................................................ APPLY
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
(Above 3000, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM)
Brakes ....................................................................... RELEASE
Elevator Control....................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Climb Speed .................................................................. 54 KIAS
(Until all obstacles are cleared)
Wing Flaps ................................................................ RETRACT
slowly after reaching 60 KIAS
AFTER TAKEOFF
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Carburettor Heat.................................................................. OFF
Throttle .............................................................................. FULL
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Page 72 - 142
ENROUTE CLIMB
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Airspeed .................................................................70 - 80 KIAS
NOTE:
If a maximum performance climb is necessary, use speeds
shown in the Rate of Climb chart in POH section 5
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Mixture..................................................... RICH below 3000 feet
LEAN for maximum RPM above 3000 feet
Landing Light .............................................................. - - - SET
CRUISE
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Power ............................................................ 1900 2550 RPM
(No more than 75%)
Elevator Trim ................................................................ ADJUST
Mixture.............................................................................. LEAN
Fuel Quantity ................................................................. CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
DESCENT
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Mixture ................................................................................ SET
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
BEFORE LANDING
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Seats, Belts, Harnesses ............................ ADJUST AND LOCK
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
(Apply full heat before closing throttle)
Landing Light ........................................................................ ON
Safety Belts ............................................................. FASTENED
Briefing .................................................................COMPLETED
Flaps............................................................................ - - - SET
Page 73 - 142
LANDING
NORMAL LANDING
Airspeed ................................................. 60-70 KIAS (flaps UP)
Wing Flaps ................................ AS DESIRED (below 85 KIAS)
Airspeed ............................................. 55-65 KIAS (flaps down)
Touchdown ............................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Landing Roll .......................... LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY
Braking ................................................... MINIMUM REQUIRED
SHORT FIELD LANDING
Airspeed .................................................. 60-70 KIAS (flaps up)
Wing Flaps .................................................30 (below 85 KIAS)
Airspeed ..................................................... MAINTAIN 54 KIAS
Power .......................................................................... REDUCE
to idle as obstacle is cleared
Touchdown ............................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Brakes ............................................................ APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps ................................................................ RETRACT
BALKED LANDING
Throttle .................................................................. FULL OPEN
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Wing Flaps ......................................................RETRACT to 20
Airspeed ........................................................................ 55 KIAS
Wing Flaps .................................................... RETRACT(slowly)
AFTER LANDING
Pitot Heat............................................................................. OFF
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Wing Flaps ............................................................................ UP
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Transponder ............................................................... - - - SET
Time .............................................................................. CHECK
SECURING AIRPLANE
Parking Brake ...................................................................... SET
Radios, Electrical Equipment...............................................OFF
Mixture ............................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
(Pull full out)
All Switches .........................................................................OFF
Ignition Switch .....................................................................OFF
Master Switch ......................................................................OFF
Fuel Shut Off valve ....................................................... - - - SET
Control Lock ................................................................ INSTALL
Windows ...................................................................... CLOSED
Time .............................................................................. NOTED
STALL
Briefing ................................................................... COMPLETE
Safety Belts ............................................................. FASTENED
Loose Items ................................................................ STOWED
Engine Instruments........................................................ CHECK
Carburettor Heat ................................................................... ON
Mixture ............................................................................... RICH
APOS ............................................................................ CHECK
AFTER STALL
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Carburettor Heat ..................................................................OFF
Throttle ....................................................................... - - - SET
Mixture ........................................................................ - - - SET
Engine Instruments........................................................ CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Orientation ..................................................................... CHECK
Page 74 - 142
5.8
COMPLETE
Position ....
CLEAR
Papers.......................................
ON BOARD
STOWED
ON
OFF
Brakes
Circuit breakers......................
CHECK IN
RECEIVED
Briefing...................................
COMPLETED
RICH
Carburettor Heat...................
COLD
Page 75 - 142
Prime......................................
Annunciators
AS REQUIRED
CHECK
Throttle....................................
Propeller Area.........................
CLEAR
Master Switch.........................
ON
Lights..........................
SET
Ignition Switch.
START
Throttle....................
ADJUST
Oil pressure............................
CHECK
OUT
Alternator output...................
CHECK
Page 76 - 142
BEFORE TAXI
(This checklist shall be performed after engine start en before taxi.)
Avionics....................................
Avionics panel:
ON
Select intercom switch to "phone" if you are using headphones,
otherwise select intercom switch to "speaker".
The switches on the avionics panel have three positions:
Speaker-OFF-Phone
Speaker = UP, OFF=middle, Phone = down.
Select mic-selector to COM-1 (there is only one com)
Select COM to phone
Select NAV OFF
Select ADF OFF
Select DME OFF
Select Marker OFF
Select ON
If there is no avionics Master Switch, turn individual avionics ON.
COM
NAV
Select a NAV beacon. If you are receiving its signal on the ground:
Identify the beacon: set NAV on the avionics panel to phone, check
morse code, select NAV on avionics panel to OFF.
Check current radial, turn course selector 10 degrees to the left and
check full scale deflection to the left. Turn course selector 90 degrees
to the left check TO/FROM change, select course selector 10 degrees
to the right of centre radial, check still full scale deflection, to the right.
Turn on to original radial, check indicated radial centred.
If for first part of flight a radial shall be flown, select this radial.
Select a suitable beacon as stby.
ADF
Select a NDB.
Select ADF on the avionics panel to "phone" and adjust volume to
desired audio level. Identify its morse code. Select ADF on avionics
panel OFF.
Set ADF in ANT mode, check ADF pointer will go to 90 degrees
parked position.
Set ADF in ADF mode, check ADF pointer returns to current QDM
through shortest way.
Select NDB frequency for departure.
DME
Transponder
Page 77 - 142
SET
Lights.......................................
SET
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
Time........................................
NOTED
TAXI
(This checklist items shall be performed during taxi. The checklist at the holding position before
the run up.)
Brakes....................................
CHECKED
CHECKED
BEFORE TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed at the holding position, preferably into the wind just before
departure. If possible leave room for other aircraft to pass.)
Parking brake..........................
SET
Cabin Doors.
Flight controls.........................
Page 78 - 142
Flight Instruments..
SET
ON
Mixture.....................................
Elevator Trim............................
TAKE-OFF
Engine Instruments
CHECK
Back area..................................
CLEAR
Throttle.....................................
1700 RPM
Magnetos.................................
CHECK
Carburettor heat.........................
CHECK
Engine Instruments
and Ammeter..............................
CHECK
Suction Gage............................
CHECK
Throttle
IDLE
Throttle..
Radios
SET
ON as REQUIRED
ADJUST
Flaps..............................
- - - SET
Page 79 - 142
Brakes.
RELEASE
RUNWAY ITEMS
(These checklist items shall be performed by memory. In case of single pilot operation these
items shall be performed standing still. Line up clearance(if applicable) must be received.)
Pitot Heat.................................
ON
Lights.......................................
SET
Carburettor Heat.....................
OFF
Transponder ...........................
- - - SET
Runway Heading.....................
CHECK
Time.........................................
CHECK
Take-off Clearance..................
RECEIVED
If applicable.
TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during take-off.)
NORMAL TAKE-OFF
Wing flaps..
0-10
Carburettor Heat..
COLD
Throttle...
FULL OPEN
Elevator Control...
Climb speed..
65-75 KIAS
10
Carburettor Heat..
COLD
Brakes
APPLY
Throttle
FULL OPEN
Mixture
RICH
(Above 3000, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM)
Brakes.
RELEASE
Elevator Control...
Climb speed..
54 KIAS
(Until all obstacles are cleared)
Page 80 - 142
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT
slowly after reaching 60 KIAS
AFTER TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed when time permits, clear of obstacles and at or above 400 ft HAA. This is
not applicable when staying in the circuit, this checklist shall then be performed by memory.)
Engine Instruments.................
CHECK
Carburettor Heat......................
OFF
Throttle...................................
FULL
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
ENROUTE CLIMB
(This checklist shall be performed when passing transition altitude or leaving the CTR whichever
comes first.)
Altimeter...................................
- - - SET
Airspeed.
65 to 75 KIAS
Engine Instruments................
CHECK
Throttle.....................................
FULL OPEN
Mixture .....................................
RICH
Landing Light............................
- - - SET
CRUISING
(This checklist shall be performed after levelling off for cruise.)
Engine Instruments................
CHECK
Power.
Elevator Trim.
ADJUST
Mixture.....................................
LEAN
Fuel Quantity
CHECK
Directional Gyro......................
CHECK
DESCENT
(This checklist shall be performed after starting a descent.)
SOP C150/C152 - Issue 08
Page 81 - 142
Altimeter.................................
SET
Engine Instruments...............
CHECK
Mixture....................................
SET
Carburettor Heat......................
ON
BEFORE LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed when cleared to an altitude (if applicable) and inbound for a landing.
Items may be delayed until on final, but must be completed before reaching 500 AAL. During circuit
training Stella items must be omitted, except for the items ENGINE INSTRUMENTS, BRIEFING and
FLAPS.)
Altimeter.................................
- - - SET
Directional Gyro.....................
CHECK
Engine Instruments..............
CHECK
Mixture....................................
RICH
Carburettor Heat.....................
ON
Landing Light..........................
ON
Safety Belts...............................
FASTENED
Briefing.
COMPLETED
(The check of the items below shall be completed when established on final)
Flaps.....
- - - SET
LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during landing.)
NORMAL LANDING
Airspeed.
Wing Flaps
Airspeed
55-65 KIAS
Touchdown
Page 82 - 142
Landing Roll.
Braking...
MINIMUM REQUIRED
Wing Flaps
30 (below 85 KIAS)
Airspeed
MAINTAIN 54 KIAS
Power..
REDUCE
Touchdown
Landing Roll.
Braking...
MINIMUM REQUIRED
BALKED LANDING
Throttle
Full open
Carburettor Heat......
COLD
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT TO 20
Airspeed.
55 KTS
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT (slowly)
AFTER LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed by memory after vacating the runway. The checklist may be
performed rolling during single pilot operations but on straight taxiways only. The checklist shall
then be read when on the parking position.)
Pitot heat................................
OFF
Lights......................................
SET
Page 83 - 142
Wing Flaps.............................
UP
Carburettor heat......................
COLD
Transponder..........................
SET
Time.........................................
CHECK
SECURING AIRCRAFT
(This checklist shall be performed when on parking position.)
Parking brake ........................
SET
OFF
Mixture...................................
All Switches...........................
OFF
Ignition Switch.......................
OFF
Master Switch..
OFF
- - - SET
Control Lock............................
INSTALL
Window...................................
CLOSED
Time........................................
NOTED
STALL
(This checklist shall be performed after the stall briefing and just before the (stall) exercise.)
Briefing..................................
COMPLETE
Safety Belts...........................
FASTENED
Loose Items.
STOWED
Engine Instruments.............
CHECK
Carburettor Heat....................
ON
Mixture..................................
RICH
APOS..............................
CHECK
Page 84 - 142
AFTER STALL
(This checklist shall be performed when stabilized on altitude/level after the (stall) exercise.)
Flaps....................................
UP SET
Carburettor Heat....................
OFF
Throttle...............................
- - - SET
Mixture................................
- - - SET
Engine Instruments...........
CHECK
Directional Gyro.................
CHECK
Orientation.........................
CHECK
Page 85 - 142
Page 86 - 142
5.9
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
Note:
Visually check airplane for general condition during walk-around inspection. Use of the refuelling steps and
assist handles (if installed) will simplify access to the upper wing surfaces for visual checks and refuelling
operations. In cold weather, remove even small accumulations of frost, ice or snow from wing, tail and
control surfaces.
Also, make sure that control surfaces contain no internal accumulations of ice or debris. Prior to flight,
check that pitot heater (if installed) is warm to touch within 30 seconds with battery and pitot heat switches
on. If a night flight is planned, check operation of all lights, and make sure a flashlight is available.
CABIN
Pilots Operating Handbook ............. AVAILABLE IN AIRPLANE
Parking Brake ...................................................................... SET
Control Wheel Lock .................................................... REMOVE
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Master Switch ....................................................................... ON
Warning
When turning on the master switch, using an external
power source, or pulling the propeller through by hand,
treat the propeller as if the ignition switch were on. Do not
stand, nor allow anyone else to stand, within the arc of the
propeller, since a loose or broken wire or a component
malfunction, could cause the propeller to rotate.
Fuel Quantity Indicators.............................. CHECK QUANTITY
Avionics Cooling Fan ..................................................... CHECK
audibly for operation
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve ................................................................ ON
EMPENNAGE
Rudder Gust Lock ...................................................... REMOVE
Tail Tie-Down ..................................................... DISCONNECT
Control Surfaces............................................................ CHECK
freedom of movement and security
RIGHT WING
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel tank sump Quick Drain Valve ........................... DRAIN fuel
(using sampler cup) to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade before first flight of day and after each
refuelling. If water is observed, take further samples until
there is no evidence of water contamination.
Fuel Line Quick Drain Valve ..................................... DRAIN fuel
(on bottom of fuselage near cabin door)
(using sampler cup) to check for water, sediment and
proper fuel grade before first flight of day and after each
refuelling. If water is observed, take further samples until
there is no evidence of water contamination.
Fuel Quantity ..........................................
CHECK VISUALLY
for desired level
Fuel Filler Cap ............................................................. SECURE
Page 87 - 142
NOSE
Engine Oil Dipstick/Filler Cap ........................... CHECK oil level
do not operate with less than four quarts. Fill to six quarts
for extended flight.
Engine Oil Dipstick/Filler Cap .............................CHECK secure
Fuel Strainer Drain Knob .......................................... PULL OUT
For about four seconds to clear strainer of possible water
and sediment before first flight of day and after each
refuelling.
Fuel Strainer Drain Knob .............................................. FULL IN
Strainer Drain ............................................................. CLOSED
If water is observed, the fuel system may contain additional
water, and further draining of the system at the strainer,
fuel tank sumps and fuel line drain valve must be
accomplished.
Propeller and Spinner .................................................... CHECK
for nicks and security
Carburettor Air Filter ...................................................... CHECK
For restrictions by dust or other foreign matter
Landing Light(s)............................................................. CHECK
for condition and cleanliness
Nose Wheel Strut and Tire ............................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Nose Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Static Source Opening (left side of fuselage) ................ CHECK
for stoppage
LEFT WING
Main Wheel Tire ............................................................ CHECK
for proper inflation
Fuel tank sump Quick Drain Valve ........................... DRAIN fuel
(using sampler cup) to check for water, sediment, and
proper fuel grade before first flight of day and after each
refuelling. If water is observed, take further samples until
there is no evidence of water contamination.
Fuel Quantity ..........................................
CHECK VISUALLY
for desired level
Fuel Filler Cap ............................................................. SECURE
Pitot Tube Cover ........................................................ REMOVE
Pitot Tube Opening ....................................................... CHECK
for stoppage
Stall Warning Opening................................................... CHECK
for stoppage,
To check the system, place a clean handkerchief over the
vent opening and apply suction; a sound from the warning
horn will confirm system operation
Fuel Tank Vent Opening................................................ CHECK
for stoppage
Wing Tie-Down ................................................... DISCONNECT
Aileron ........................................................................... CHECK
freedom of movement and security
Page 88 - 142
NORMAL CHECKLIST
BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
Preflight Inspection ................................................. COMPLETE
Position........................................................................... CLEAR
Papers ..................................................................... ON BOARD
Loose Items ................................................................ STOWED
Seats, Seat Belts, Shoulder Harnesses................. ADJUST and
LOCK
Brakes ................................................................ TEST and SET
Circuit Breakers ......................................................... CHECK IN
Radios, Electrical Equipment............................................... OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve ................................................................ ON
Start Up (if applicable) ..............................................RECEIVED
Briefing .................................................................COMPLETED
STARTING ENGINE (Temperatures above Freezing)
NOTE:
For cold weather starting procedures, refer to POH section
4 (page 4-22)
Prime ................................................................. AS REQUIRED
(Up to 3 strokes - none if engine is warm)
Carburettor Heat............................................................... COLD
Throttle ............................................................. OPEN 1/2 INCH
(CLOSED if engine is warm)
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
Propeller Area ................................................................ CLEAR
Master Switch ....................................................................... ON
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Annunciators ................................................................. CHECK
Ignition Switch ................................................................ START
(Release when engine starts)
Throttle ...................................... ADJUST for 1000 RPM or less
Oil Pressure................................................................... CHECK
Starter Warning Light (if installed) ...................................... OUT
Flashing Beacon and Navigation Lights .............ON as required
Radios .................................................................................. ON
BEFORE TAXI
Avionics ................................................................................ ON
Flight Instruments ................................................................ SET
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Time .............................................................................. NOTED
TAXI
Brakes ...................................................................... CHECKED
Gyro Instruments and Compass ............................... CHECKED
Page 89 - 142
Page 90 - 142
ENROUTE CLIMB
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Airspeed .................................................................70 - 80 KIAS
NOTE:
If a maximum performance climb is necessary, use speeds
shown in the Maximum Rate of Climb chart in
POH section 5
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Throttle ................................................................... FULL OPEN
Mixture..................................................... RICH below 3000 feet
LEAN for maximum RPM above 3000 feet
Landing Light .............................................................. - - - SET
CRUISE
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Power ............................................................ 1900 2550 RPM
Elevator Trim ................................................................ ADJUST
Mixture.............................................................................. LEAN
Fuel Quantity ................................................................. CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
DESCENT
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Carburettor Heat............................ FULL HEAT AS REQUIRED
Power ................................................................... AS DESIRED
Mixture ....................................... ADJUST for smooth operation
(full rich for idle power)
BEFORE LANDING
Altimeter ..................................................................... - - - SET
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Engine Instruments ....................................................... CHECK
Seats, Seat Belts, Shoulder Harnesses................. ADJUST and
LOCK
Mixture............................................................................... RICH
Carburettor Heat................................................................... ON
(Apply full heat before reducing power)
Landing Light ........................................................................ ON
Safety Belts ............................................................. FASTENED
Briefing .................................................................COMPLETED
Flaps............................................................................ - - - SET
Page 91 - 142
LANDING
NORMAL LANDING
Airspeed .................................................60-70 KIAS (flaps UP)
Wing Flaps ................................ AS DESIRED (below 85 KIAS)
Airspeed .......................................... 55-65 KIAS (flaps DOWN)
Touchdown ............................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Landing Roll ..........................LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY
Braking ................................................... MINIMUM REQUIRED
SHORT FIELD LANDING
Airspeed .................................................60-70 KIAS (flaps UP)
Wing Flaps .................................................30 (below 85 KIAS)
Airspeed .....................................................MAINTAIN 54 KIAS
Power .......................................................................... REDUCE
To idle as obstacle is cleared
Touchdown ............................................ MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Brakes ............................................................ APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps ................................................................ RETRACT
BALKED LANDING
Throttle .................................................................. FULL OPEN
Carburettor Heat ............................................................... COLD
Wing Flaps ......................................................RETRACT to 20
Airspeed ........................................................................55 KIAS
Wing Flaps ................................................... RETRACT (slowly)
AFTER LANDING
Pitot Heat.............................................................................OFF
Lights ................................................................................... SET
Carburettor heat ............................................................... COLD
Wing Flaps ............................................................................ UP
Transponder ............................................................... - - - SET
Time .............................................................................. CHECK
SECURING AIRPLANE
Parking Brake ...................................................................... SET
Electrical Equipment ............................................................OFF
Radios and Avionics ............................................................OFF
Mixture ............................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
(Pull full out)
All Switches .........................................................................OFF
Ignition Switch .....................................................................OFF
Master Switch ......................................................................OFF
Fuel Shut Off Valve ...................................................... - - - SET
Control lock ................................................................. INSTALL
Window........................................................................ CLOSED
Time .............................................................................. NOTED
STALL
Briefing ................................................................... COMPLETE
Safety Belts ............................................................. FASTENED
Loose Items ................................................................ STOWED
Engine Instruments........................................................ CHECK
Carburettor Heat ................................................................... ON
Mixture ............................................................................... RICH
APOS ............................................................................ CHECK
AFTER STALL
Flaps.............................................................................. UP SET
Carburettor Heat ..................................................................OFF
Throttle ....................................................................... - - - SET
Mixture ........................................................................ - - - SET
Engine Instruments........................................................ CHECK
Directional Gyro ............................................................. CHECK
Orientation ..................................................................... CHECK
Page 92 - 142
5.10
COMPLETE
Position ....
CLEAR
Papers.......................................
ON BOARD
STOWED
Brakes......
Circuit breakers.........................
CHECK IN
OFF
ON
RECEIVED
Briefing...................................
COMPLETED
Page 93 - 142
AS REQUIRED
Carburettor Heat.....................
COLD
Throttle....................................
Mixture....................................
RICH
Propeller area.........................
CLEAR
Master switch.
ON
Lights.....................................
SET
Annunciators...........................
CHECK
Ignition Switch.........
START
Throttle....................
ADJUST
Oil pressure............................
CHECK
OUT
.
Flashing Beacon and
Navigation Lights.................
ON AS REQUIRED
Radios
ON
Page 94 - 142
BEFORE TAXI
(This checklist shall be performed after engine start en before taxi.)
Avionics....................................
Avionics panel:
ON
Select intercom switch to "phone" if you are using headphones,
otherwise select intercom switch to "speaker".
The switches on the avionics panel have three positions:
Speaker-OFF-Phone
Speaker = UP, OFF = middle, Phone = down.
Select mic-selector to COM-1 (there is only one com)
Select COM to phone
Select NAV OFF
Select ADF OFF
Select DME OFF
Select Marker OFF.
Select ON
If there is no avionics Master Switch, turn individual avionics ON.
COM
NAV
Select a NAV beacon. If you are receiving its signal on the ground:
Identify the beacon: set NAV on the avionics panel to phone, check
morse code, select NAV on avionics panel to OFF.
Check current radial, turn course selector 10 degrees to the left and
check full scale deflection to the left. Turn course selector 90 degrees
to the left check TO/FROM change, select course selector 10 degrees
to the right of centre radial, check still full scale deflection, to the right.
Turn on to original radial, check indicated radial centred.
If for first part of flight a radial shall be flown, select this radial.
Select a suitable beacon as stby.
ADF
Select a NDB.
Select ADF on the avionics panel to "phone" and adjust volume to
desired audio level. Identify its morse code. Select ADF on avionics
panel OFF.
Set ADF in ANT mode, check ADF pointer will go to 90 degrees
parked position.
Set ADF in ADF mode, check ADF pointer returns to current QDM
through shortest way.
Select NDB frequency for departure.
DME
Transponder
Page 95 - 142
SET
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
Time........................................
NOTED
TAXI
(This checklist items shall be performed during taxi. The checklist at the holding position before
the run up.)
Brakes....................................
CHECKED
CHECKED
BEFORE TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed at the holding position, preferably into the wind just before
departure. If possible leave room for other aircraft to pass.)
Parking Brake..........................
SET
Cabin Doors.
Flight Controls.........................
Page 96 - 142
Flight Instruments..
SET
Fuel Quantity
CHECK
RECHECK ON
Mixture.....................................
Elevator Trim............................
TAKE-OFF
Engine Instruments
CHECK
Back Area..................................
CLEAR
Throttle
1700 RPM
Magnetos.................................
CHECK
Carburettor Heat.....................
CHECK
Suction Gage............................
CHECK
Throttle
IDLE
Throttle..
ADJUST
Strobe Lights
AS DESIRED
SET
Wing Flaps................................
Brakes.
RELEASED
Page 97 - 142
RUNWAY ITEMS
(These checklist items shall be performed by memory. In case of single pilot operation these
items shall be performed standing still. Line up clearance(if applicable) must be received.)
Pitot Heat.................................
ON
Lights.......................................
SET
Carburettor Heat......................
OFF
Transponder ...........................
- - - SET
Runway Heading.....................
CHECK
Time.........................................
CHECK
Take-off Clearance..................
(If applicable)
RECEIVED
TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during take-off.)
NORMAL TAKE-OFF
Wing Flaps..
0-10
Carburettor Heat..
COLD
Throttle...
FULL OPEN
Elevator Control...
Climb Speed..
65-75 KIAS
10
Carburettor Heat..
COLD
Brakes
APPLY
Throttle
FULL OPEN
Mixture
RICH
(Above 3000, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM)
Brakes.
RELEASE
Elevator Control...
Climb Speed..
54 KIAS
(Until all obstacles are cleared)
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT
slowly after reaching 60 KIAS
Page 98 - 142
AFTER TAKE-OFF
(This checklist shall be performed when time permits, clear of obstacles and at or above 400 ft HAA. This is
not applicable when staying in the circuit, this checklist shall then be performed by memory.)
Engine Instruments.................
CHECK
Carburettor Heat.......................
OFF
Throttle...................................
FULL
Flaps.......................................
UP SET
ENROUTE CLIMB
(This checklist shall be performed when passing transition altitude or leaving the CTR whichever
comes first.)
Altimeter...................................
- - - SET
Airspeed.
70 to 80 KIAS
Engine Instruments................
CHECK
Throttle.....................................
FULL OPEN
Mixture .....................................
RICH
Landing Light............................
- - - SET
CRUISE
(This checklist shall be performed after levelling off for cruise.)
Engine Instruments................
CHECK
Power.
Elevator Trim.
ADJUST
Mixture.....................................
LEAN
Fuel Quantity
CHECK
Directional Gyro......................
CHECK
Page 99 - 142
DESCENT
(This checklist shall be performed after starting a descent.)
Altimeter.................................
- - - SET
Engine Instruments...............
CHECK
Carburettor Heat......................
FULL HEAT AS
REQUIRED
Power
AS DESIRED
Mixture....................................
(full rich for idle power)
BEFORE LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed when cleared to an altitude (if applicable) and inbound for a landing.
Items may be delayed until on final, but must be completed before reaching 500 AAL. During circuit
training Stella items must be omitted, except for the items ENGINE INSTRUMENTS, BRIEFING and
FLAPS.)
Altimeter.................................
- - - SET
Directional Gyro.....................
CHECK
Engine Instruments..............
CHECK
Mixture....................................
RICH
Carburettor Heat......................
ON
Landing Light..........................
ON
Safety Belts...............................
FASTENED
Briefing.
COMPLETED
(The check of the items below shall be completed when established on final)
Flaps.....
- - - SET
LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed by memory during landing.)
NORMAL LANDING
Airspeed.
Wing Flaps
Airspeed
Touchdown
Landing Roll.
Braking...
MINIMUM REQUIRED
Wing Flaps
30 (below 85 KIAS)
Airspeed
MAINTAIN 54 KIAS
Power..
REDUCE
To idle as obstacle is cleared
Touchdown
Braking...
APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT
BALKED LANDING
Throttle
Full open
Carburettor Heat.......
COLD
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT TO 20
Airspeed.
55 KTS
Wing Flaps.
RETRACT (slowly)
AFTER LANDING
(This checklist shall be performed by memory after vacating the runway. The checklist may be
performed rolling during single pilot operations but on straight taxiways only. The checklist shall
then be read when on the parking position.)
Pitot heat................................
OFF
Lights......................................
SET
Carburettor Heat......................
COLD
Wing Flaps.............................
UP
Transponder..........................
SET
Time.........................................
CHECK
SECURING AIRPLANE
(This checklist shall be performed when on parking position.)
Parking Brake ........................
SET
Throttle
Electrical Equipment
OFF
All Switches.............................
OFF
Ignition Switch.......................
OFF
Master Switch..
OFF
- - - SET
Control Lock............................
INSTALL
Window...................................
CLOSED
Time........................................
NOTED
STALL
(This checklist shall be performed after the stall briefing and just before the (stall) exercise.)
Briefing..................................
COMPLETE
Safety Belts...........................
FASTENED
Loose Items.
STOWED
Engine Instruments.............
CHECK
Carburettor Heat....................
ON
Mixture..................................
RICH
APOS..............................
CHECK
AFTER STALL
(This checklist shall be performed when stabilized on altitude/level after the (stall) exercise.)
Flaps....................................
UP SET
Carburettor Heat..................
OFF
Throttle...............................
- - - SET
Mixture................................
- - - SET
Engine Instruments...........
CHECK
Directional Gyro.................
CHECK
Orientation.........................
CHECK
5.11
Engine Failures
ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE-OFF
Throttle............................................................................ IDLE
Brakes......................................................................... APPLY
Flaps ...................................................................... RETRACT
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
ENGINE FAILURE AFTER TAKE-OFF
Prompt lowering of the nose to maintain airspeed and establish
a glide attitude is the first response to an engine failure after
take-off. In most cases, the landing should be planned straight
ahead with only small changes in direction to avoid
obstructions. Altitude and airspeed are seldom sufficient to
execute a 180 gliding turn necessary to return to the runway.
The following procedures assume that adequate time exists to
secure the fuel and ignition systems prior to touchdown.
Airspeed..................................................................... 60 KIAS
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps .................................................... AS REQUIRED
(40 recommended)
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT
While gliding toward a suitable landing area, an effort should be
made to identify the cause of the failure. If time permits, and an
engine restart is feasible, proceed as follows:
Airspeed..................................................................... 65 KIAS
Carburettor Heat ............................................................... ON
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................. ON
Mixture ........................................................................... RICH
Ignition Switch ............................................................... BOTH
(or START if propeller is not wind milling)
Primer ...........................................................IN and LOCKED
If the engine cannot be restarted, a forced landing without
power must be executed. A recommended procedure for this is
given in the
EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER
CHECKLIST
Forced Landings
EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER
If all attempts to restart the engine fail and a forced landing is
imminent, select a suitable field and prepare for the landing as
follows:
Airspeed.................................................... 65 KIAS (flaps UP)
55 KIAS (flaps DOWN).
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps .................................................... AS REQUIRED
(40 recommended)
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
Doors .......................... UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
Touchdown .......................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Brakes......................................................... APPLY HEAVILY
PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER
Before attempting an off airport landing, one should drag the
landing area at a safe but low altitude to inspect the terrain for
obstructions and surface conditions, proceeding as follows:
Selected Field....................................................... DRAG OVER
WITH FLAPS 20 AND 60 KIAS
Noting the preferred area for touchdown for the next
landing approach.
Flaps.......................................................................... RETRACT
Upon reaching a safe altitude and airspeed
Radio, Electrical Switches ................................................... OFF
Wing Flaps .......................................................................... 40
Airspeed ........................................................................ 55 KIAS
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Doors .............................. UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
Touchdown .............................................. SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Brakes ............................................................ APPLY HEAVILY
DITCHING
Prepare for ditching by securing or jettisoning heavy objects
located in the baggage area, and collect folded coats or
cushions for protection of occupants face at touchdown.
Transmit Mayday message on 121.5 MHz. Giving location and
intentions.
PLAN APPROACH
Wind high and seas are heavy ..................... LAND INTO WIND
Heavy swells and light winds .... LAND PARALLEL TO SWELLS
APPROACH
Flaps..................................................................................... 40
Power .................................................................... SUFFICIENT
For a 300 ft./min. rate of descent at 55 KIAS
Cabin Doors .............................................................. UNLATCH
Descent ............................................ MAINTAIN CONTINUOUS
DESCENT UNTIL TOUCHDOWN IN LEVEL ATTITUDE
AVOID A LANDING FLARE
because of difficulty in judging airplane height over a
water surface
At Touchdown ..................................................CUSHION FACE
Place folded coat or cushion in front of face at time of
touchdown
Airplane ......................EVACUATE THROUGH CABIN DOORS
If necessary, open window to flood cabin compartment for
equalizing pressure so that door can be opened
Life Vests and Raft (if available) .................................. INFLATE
After evacuation of cabin
The aircraft cannot be depended on for flotation for more than a
few minutes
Fires
ENGINE FIRE DURING START ON GROUND
Improper starting procedures during a difficult cold weather start
can cause a backfire which could ignite fuel that has accumulated in the intake duct. In this event, proceed as follows:
Cranking .............................................................. CONTINUE
In an attempt to get a start which would suck the flames
and accumulated fuel through the carburettor and into the
engine
IF THE START IS SUCCESSFUL
Engine RPM............................ 1700 RPM (for a few minutes)
Engine................................................................ SHUTDOWN
to inspect damage.
IF ENGINE START IS UNSUCCESSFUL
Cranking .............................................................. CONTINUE
for two or three minutes with:
Throttle................................................................ FULL OPEN
While ground attendants obtain fire extinguishers
WHEN READY TO EXTINGUISH FIRE
Cranking ........................................................ DISCONTINUE
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Evacuate aircraft
Flames .................................................................. SMOTHER
With fire extinguisher, seat cushion, wool blanket, or loose
dirt. If practical, try to remove carburettor air filter if it is
ablaze.
Fire Damage ........................................................... INSPECT
Make a thorough inspection of fire damage, and repair or
replace damaged components before conducting another
flight. (This shall be done by certified maintenance
personnel only)
ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT
Although engine fires are extremely rare in flight, the following
steps should be taken if one is encountered:
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
Cabin Heat and Air................... OFF (except overhead vents)
Airspeed..................................................................... 90 KIAS
If fire is not extinguished, increase glide speed to find an
airspeed which will provide an incombustible mixture
Execute a forced landing as outlined in EMERGENCY
LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER CHECKLIST
WING FIRE
Master switch ................................................................... OFF
Ventilating Controls .................................................. CLOSED
NOTE
Perform a sideslip on the side opposite to the wing in fire in
an attempt to extinguish the flames.
Land the aircraft as soon as possible with flaps retracted.
Landing
LANDING WITH ONE FLAT TIRE
Expect the airplane to swing off on the flat tire side
Flaps......................................................... LOWER NORMALLY
Land ........................................................................... NOSE UP
Land ................................................................. WING BANKED
TO HOLD THE FLAT TIRE OFF THE GROUND AS LONG AS
POSSIBLE.
At touchdown, directional control can be maintained with
rudder and the brake on the good wheel.
Disorientation in clouds
In the event of a vacuum system failure during flight in marginal weather, the directional gyro and gyro
horizon will be disabled, and the pilot will have to rely on the turn coordinator or the turn and bank indicator
if he inadvertently flies into clouds.
The following instructions assume that only the electrically-powered turn coordinator or the turn and bank
indicator is operative, and that the pilot is not completely proficient in partial panel instrument flying.
EXECUTING A 180 TURN IN CLOUDS
Upon entering the clouds, an immediate plan should be made to
turn back as follows:
Time ..................................... NOTE MINUTES AND SECONDS
Note the time of the minute hand and observe the position
of the sweep second hand on the clock
Turn ............................. 60 SECONDS RATE-ONE LEFT TURN
When the sweep second hand indicates the nearest halfminute, initiate a standard rate left turn, holding the turn
coordinator symbolic aircraft wing opposite the lower left
index mark for 60 seconds. Then roll back to level flight by
levelling the miniature aircraft.
Compass Heading ......................................................... CHECK
Check accuracy of the turn by observing the compass
heading which should be the reciprocal of the original
heading
Heading ............................................. ADJUST IF NECESSARY
If necessary, adjust heading primarily with skidding
motions rather than rolling motions so that the compass
will read more accurately
Altitude and Airspeed ................................................ MAINTAIN
Maintain altitude and airspeed by cautious application of
elevator control. Avoid over-controlling by keeping the
hands off the control wheel and steering only with rudder.
MAGNETO MALFUNCTION
A sudden engine roughness or misfiring is usually evidence of
magneto problems.
Ignition Switch ................................. SWITCH FROM BOTH TO
EITHER L or R POSITION
To identify which magneto is malfunctioning
Power settings ....... SELECT DIFFERENT POWER SETTINGS
Mixture ..........................................................................ENRICH
Select different power settings and enriching the mixture to
determine if continued operations on both magnetos is
practicable
IF CONTINUED OPERATIONS ON BOTH MAGNETOES IS
NOT PRACTICABLE:
Ignition Switch ......................... SWITCH TO GOOD MAGNETO
Proceed ...................................... TO THE NEAREST AIRPORT
For repairs
LOW OIL PRESSURE
LOW OIL PRESSURE ACCOMPANIED BY NORMAL OIL
TEMPERATURE:
There is a possibility the oil pressure gage or relief valve is
malfunctioning. A leak in the line to the gage is not necessarily
cause for an immediate precautionary landing because an
orifice in the line will prevent a sudden loss of oil from the
engine sump. However:
Land ....................................................AT NEAREST AIRPORT
This would be advisable to inspect the source of trouble
TOTAL LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE ACCOMPANIED BY A
RISE IN OIL TEMPERATURE:
SUSPECT AN ENGINE FAILURE IS IMMINENT
Engine Power .....................................REDUCE IMMEDIATELY
Suitable Forced Landing Field ...................................... SELECT
Engine Power ......................................... MINIMUM REQUIRED
Leave the engine running at low power during the
approach, using only the minimum power required to reach
the desired touchdown spot
STARTER FAILURE
Starter warning light remains on after starting:
Engine............................................................... SHUT DOWN
Do not perform another start.
Perform After landing checklist.
Starter warning light in flight:
Land as soon as practical, do not perform another start.
SPIN RECOVERY
Ailerons .................................................................. NEUTRAL
Throttle..................................................................... CLOSED
Rudder ..............................FULL, opposite to direction of spin
Control wheel ....................................... BRISKLY FORWARD
Rudder .................................. NEUTRAL, when rotation stops
Control wheel ........................... SMOOTH BACK PRESSURE
Recover from dive.
EVACUATION
Parking brake ................................................................... SET
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Fuel selector .................................................................... OFF
Magnetos ......................................................................... OFF
Master switch ................................................................... OFF
Evacuate aircraft.
Forced Landing
Before performing a forced landing activate the ELT transmitter
manually by turning the ELT remote switch in the circuit breaker
panel to the 'ON'-position.
Immediately after a forced landing, perform the following
procedure:
NOTE:
The ELT Remote Switch and Control Panel Indicator could
be inoperative in the event of a forced landing. If
inoperative, the inertia G switch will activate
automatically.
However, to turn the ELT OFF and ON will require manual
switching of the main control switch located on the ELT unit.
1. ELT Remote Switch....................................VERIFY ON
5.12
Engine Failures
ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF RUN
Throttle............................................................................ IDLE
Brakes......................................................................... APPLY
Wing flaps .............................................................. RETRACT
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKE-OFF
Airspeed..................................................................... 60 KIAS
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps ..................................................... AS REQUIRED
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT
Airspeed..................................................................... 60 KIAS
Carburetor Heat ................................................................ ON
Primer ...........................................................IN and LOCKED
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................. ON
Mixture ........................................................................... RICH
Ignition Switch ............................................................... BOTH
(or START if propeller is stopped)
Forced Landings
EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER
Airspeed ...................................................... 65 KIAS (flaps up)
60 KIAS (flaps down)
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps .................. AS REQUIRED (30 recommended)
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
Doors .......................... UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
Safety Belts ......................................................... FASTENED
Touchdown .......................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Brakes......................................................... APPLY HEAVILY
EVACUATE THE AIRCRAFT AFTER LANDING
PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER
Airspeed ........................................................................ 60 KIAS
Wing Flaps ........................................................................... 20
Selected Field........................................................... FLY OVER
Noting terrain and obstructions, then retract flaps upon
reaching a safe altitude and airspeed
Radio and Electrical Switches ............................................ OFF
Wing Flaps .............................................30 (on final approach)
Airspeed ........................................................................ 55 KIAS
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Doors .............................. UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
Touchdown .............................................. SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Brakes ............................................................ APPLY HEAVILY
DITCHING
Radio ....................................................... TRANSMIT MAYDAY
(on active frequency or) on 121.5 Mhz, giving location and
intentions
Heavy Objects (in baggage area) ....... SECURE OR JETTISON
Life vests .........................................................On, do not inflate
Approach:
High winds, heavy seas ...................................INTO THE WIND
Light winds, heavy swells ................... PARALLEL TO SWELLS
Wing Flaps ........................................................................... 30
Power ............. ESTABLISH 300/MIN. DESCENT AT 55 KIAS
Cabin Doors .............................................................. UNLATCH
Touch Down ...... LEVEL ATTITUDE AT 300 FT/MIN DESCENT
Face .......................................................................... CUSHION
At touchdown with folded coat
Airplane ................................. EVACUATE through cabin doors.
If necessary, open windows and flood cabin to equalize
pressure so doors can be opened.
Life vests and Raft ................... INFLATE when clear of airplane
Fires
(ENGINE FIRE) DURING START ON THE GROUND
Cranking .............................................................. CONTINUE
To get a start which would suck the flames and accumulated
fuel through the carburetor and into the engine
If engine starts:
Power......................................... 1700 RPM for a few minutes
Engine......................... SHUTDOWN and inspect for damage
Mixture ...................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve....................................................... OFF
Master Switch ............................................................. OFF
If engine fails to start:
Cranking ................... CONTINUE in an effort to obtain a start
Fire Extinguisher ........................................................OBTAIN
(have ground attendants obtain if not installed)
Engine...................................................................... SECURE
Master Switch..
OFF
Ignition Switch.
OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve..
OFF
Evacuate aircraft
Fire.................................................................... EXTINGUISH
using fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or dirt
Fire Damage ........................................................... INSPECT
repair damage or replace damaged components or wiring
before conducting another flight (this shall be done by
certified maintenance personnel only)
Icing
INADVERTENT ICING ENCOURNTER
Pitot Heat Switch ................................... TURN ON (if installed)
Altitude/Position...........................................................CHANGE
Turn back or change altitude to obtain an outside air
temperature that is less conducive to icing
Cabin Heat Control ..........................................PULL FULL OUT
To obtain maximum defroster air temperature. For greater
airflow at reduced temperatures adjust the cabin air control
as required.
Throttle ............................................................................. OPEN
To increase engine speed and minimize ice build-up on
propeller blades
Carburetor Heat................................................... IF REQUIRED
Watch for signs of carburetor air filter ice and apply
carburetor heat as required. An unexpected loss in engine
speed could be caused by carburetor ice or air intake filter
ice
Mixture........................................... LEAN FOR MAXIMUM RPM
if carburetor heat is used continuously
Landing..................................... PLAN AT NEAREST AIRPORT
With an extremely rapid ice build-up, select a
suitable off-airport landing site
Ice Build-Up ................................................................... CHECK
more than inch or more on the wing leading edges, be
prepared for significantly higher stall speed
Wing Flaps .............................................. LEAVE RETRACTED
With a severe ice build-up on the horizontal tail, the change
in wing wake airflow direction caused by wing flap
extension could result in a loss of elevator effectiveness
Left Window...................................................................... OPEN
Ice ............................................................ SCRAPE (if practical)
If practical, scrape ice from a portion of the windshield for
visibility in the landing approach
Landing Approach ........... PERFORM USING FORWARD SLIP
Forward slip if necessary for improved visibility
Approach .............................................................. 65 to 75 KIAS
Depending upon the amount of ice accumulation
Landing.................................. PERFORM IN LEVEL ATTITUDE
LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE
Wing Flaps ........................................................... AS DESIRED
Approach .....................................................................NORMAL
Touchdown ................................................. GOOD TIRE FIRST
hold airplane off flat tire as long as possible with aileron
control
5.13
Engine Failures
ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE-OFF
Throttle............................................................................ IDLE
Brakes......................................................................... APPLY
Flaps ...................................................................... RETRACT
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
ENGINE FAILURE AFTER TAKE-OFF
Glide Speed ............................................................... 60 KIAS
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps .................................................... AS REQUIRED
(40 recommended)
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
CAUTION
Perform the landing straight ahead, making only small
changes in heading to avoid obstructions. Never attempt to
turn back to the landing strip.
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT
Glide Speed ............................................................... 60 KIAS
(optimum glide angle with propeller wind milling)
Fuel Shutoff Valve Handle ...................................VERIFY ON
Mixture ........................................................................... RICH
Throttle.................................. CRACKED ONE INCH (2.5CM)
Ignition Switch ............................................................... BOTH
Primer ...........................................................IN and LOCKED
If the propeller is allowed to stop wind milling, the engine will
have to be turned with the starter. If the engine will not start,
select an unobstructed area to land in and secure the engine as
follows:
Mixture............................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Throttle ........................................................................ CLOSED
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve Handle ................................................... OFF
Master Switch ........................................................... LEAVE ON
So that wing flaps can be extended and to keep use of the
radio.
NOTE
Full flaps are recommended for emergency landings on
unpaved surfaces
Fires
ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND
In case of fire in the intake duct during ground operations,
proceed as follows:
Starter ........................................................................ CRANK
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Throttle................................................................ FULL OPEN
Fuel Shutoff Valve Handle ............................................... OFF
NOTE
If fire occurs in intake duct during engine run-up, keep
engine running for about 15 to 30 seconds. If fire persists,
perform above steps (mixture, throttle and fuel shutoff
valve handle).
Inspect the fire damage before conducting another flight.
Landing
LANDING WITH ONE FLAT TIRE
Expect the airplane to swing off on the flat tire side
Flaps......................................................... LOWER NORMALLY
Land ........................................................................... NOSE UP
Land ................................................................. WING BANKED
TO HOLD THE FLAT TIRE OFF THE GROUND AS LONG AS
POSSIBLE.
At touchdown, directional control can be maintained with
rudder and the brake on the good wheel.
LANDING WITHOUT PITCH CONTROL
Trim for horizontal flight (with an indicated airspeed of
approximately 55kias and flaps lowered to 20) by using
throttle and elevator trim controls.
Then,
do not change the elevator trim control setting.
Control the glide angle by adjusting power exclusively.
At flare-out, the nose-down moment resulting from power
reduction is an adverse factor and the aircraft may hit on the
nose wheel.
Consequently, at flare-out, the control should be set at the full
nose-up position and the power adjusted so that the aircraft will
rotate to the horizontal attitude for touchdown. Close the
throttle at touchdown.
Forced Landings
PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER
Selected Field....................................................... DRAG OVER
WITH FLAPS 20 AND 60 KIAS
Seat Belts .................................................. ADJUST AND LOCK
All Switches (except the ignition and master) ........... TURN OFF
Approach .................................................... 55 KIAS/FLAPS 40
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Cabin Doors .............................................................. UNLATCH
Land ..................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW ATTITUDE
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve .................................................... TURN OFF
Brakes ............................................................ APPLY HEAVILY
EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER
IAS ............................................................ 65 KIAS (flaps UP)
55 KIAS (flaps DOWN).
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps .................................................... AS REQUIRED
(40 recommended)
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
Doors .......................... UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
Touchdown .......................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Brakes......................................................... APPLY HEAVILY
DITCHING
Prepare for ditching by securing or jettisoning heavy objects.
Transmit Mayday message on 121.5 MHz.
PLAN APPROACH
Wind high and seas are heavy ..................... LAND INTO WIND
Heavy swells and light winds .... LAND PARALLEL TO SWELLS
APPROACH
Flaps..................................................................................... 40
Power .................................................................... SUFFICIENT
For a 300 ft./min. rate of descent at 55 KIAS
Cabin Doors .............................................................. UNLATCH
Descent ........................................ MAINTAIN A CONTINUOUS
DESCENT UNTIL TOUCHDOWN IN LEVEL ATTITUDE
At Touchdown ..................................................CUSHION FACE
Place folded coat or cushion in front of face at time of
touchdown
Airplane ......................EVACUATE THROUGH CABIN DOORS
If necessary, open window to flood cabin compartment for
equalizing pressure so that door can be opened
Life Vests and Raft (if available) .................................. INFLATE
After evacuation of cabin
The aircraft cannot be depended on for flotation for more than a
few minutes
SPIN RECOVERY
Ailerons .................................................................. NEUTRAL
Throttle..................................................................... CLOSED
Rudder ..............................FULL, opposite to direction of spin
Control wheel ....................................... BRISKLY FORWARD
Rudder .................................. NEUTRAL, when rotation stops
Control wheel ........................... SMOOTH BACK PRESSURE
Recover from dive.
EVACUTION
Parking brake ................................................................... SET
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Fuel selector .................................................................... OFF
Magnetos ......................................................................... OFF
Master switch ................................................................... OFF
Evacuate aircraft.
5.14
Engine Failures
ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE-OFF ROLL
Throttle............................................................................. IDLE
Brakes...........................................................................APPLY
Wing Flaps .............................................................. RETRACT
Mixture ............................................................ IDLE CUT-OFF
Ignition Switch ................................................................... OFF
Master Switch ................................................................... OFF
ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKE-OFF
Airspeed..................................................................... 60 KIAS
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Fuel shutoff valve ............................................................. OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps ..................................................... AS REQUIRED
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (RESTART
PROCEDURE)
Airspeed..................................................................... 60 KIAS
Carburettor Heat ............................................................... ON
Primer ...........................................................IN and LOCKED
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................. ON
Mixture ........................................................................... RICH
Ignition Switch ............................................................... BOTH
(or START if propeller is stopped)
Forced Landings
EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER
Airspeed ...................................................... 65 KIAS (flaps up)
................................................................ 60 KIAS (flaps down)
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps .................. AS REQUIRED (30 recommended)
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
Doors .......................... UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
Safety Belts ......................................................... FASTENED
Touchdown .......................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Brakes......................................................... APPLY HEAVILY
EVACUATE THE AIRCRAFT AFTER LANDING
PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER
Airspeed ........................................................................ 60 KIAS
Wing Flaps ........................................................................... 20
Selected Field........................................................... FLY OVER
Noting terrain and obstructions, then retract flaps upon
reaching a safe altitude and airspeed
Radio and Electrical Switches ............................................ OFF
Wing Flaps .............................................30 (on final approach)
Airspeed ........................................................................ 55 KIAS
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Doors .............................. UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
Touchdown .............................................. SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Brakes ............................................................ APPLY HEAVILY
DITCHING
Radio ....................................................... TRANSMIT MAYDAY
(on active frequency or) on 121.5 Mhz, giving location and
intentions
Squawk..................... 7700 IF TRANSPONDER IS INSTALLED
Heavy Objects (in baggage area) ....... SECURE OR JETTISON
Life vests .........................................................On, do not inflate
Approach:
High winds, heavy seas ...................................INTO THE WIND
Light winds, heavy swells ................... PARALLEL TO SWELLS
Wing Flaps ........................................................................... 30
Power ............. ESTABLISH 300/MIN. DESCENT AT 55 KIAS
Cabin Doors .............................................................. UNLATCH
Touch Down ...... LEVEL ATTITUDE AT 300 FT/MIN DESCENT
Face .......................................................................... CUSHION
At touchdown with folded coat
Airplane ................................. EVACUATE through cabin doors.
If necessary, open windows and flood cabin to equalize
pressure so doors can be opened.
Life vests and Raft ................... INFLATE when clear of airplane
Fires
(ENGINE FIRE) DURING START ON THE GROUND
Cranking .............................................................. CONTINUE
To get a start which would suck the flames and accumulated
fuel through the carburetor and into the engine
If engine starts:
Power......................................... 1700 RPM for a few minutes
Engine......................... SHUTDOWN and inspect for damage
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Fuel selector .................................................................... OFF
Master switch ................................................................... OFF
If engine fails to start:
Throttle................................................................ FULL OPEN
Mixture
IDLE CUTOFF
Cranking ................... CONTINUE in an effort to obtain a start
Fire Extinguisher ........................................................OBTAIN
(have ground attendants obtain if not installed)
Engine...................................................................... SECURE
Master Switch
OFF
Ignition Switch
OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve
OFF
Evacuate aircraft
Fire
EXTINGUISH
using fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or dirt
Fire Damage ........................................................... INSPECT
repair damage or replace damaged components or wiring
before conducting another flight (this shall be done by
certified maintenance personnel only)
Icing
INADVERTENCING ENCOUNTER
Pitot Heat Switch ................................... TURN ON (if installed)
Altitude/Position...........................................................CHANGE
Turn back or change altitude to obtain an outside air
temperature that is less conducive to icing
Cabin Heat Control ..........................................PULL FULL OUT
To obtain maximum defroster air temperature. For greater
airflow at reduced temperatures adjust the cabin air control
as required.
Throttle ............................................................................. OPEN
To increase engine speed and minimize ice build-up on
propeller blades
Carburetor Heat................................................... IF REQUIRED
Watch for signs of carburetor air filter ice and apply
carburetor heat as required. An unexpected loss in engine
speed could be caused by carburetor ice or air intake filter
ice
Mixture........................................... LEAN FOR MAXIMUM RPM
if carburetor heat is used continuously
Landing..................................... PLAN AT NEAREST AIRPORT
With an extremely rapid ice build-up, select a
suitable off-airport landing site
Ice Accumulation ........................................................... CHECK
more than inch or more on the wing leading edges, be
prepared for significantly higher stall speed
Wing Flaps .............................................. LEAVE RETRACTED
With a severe ice build-up on the horizontal tail, the change
in wing wake airflow direction caused by wing flap
extension could result in a loss of elevator effectiveness
Left Window...................................................................... OPEN
Ice ............................................................ SCRAPE (if practical)
If practical, scrape ice from a portion of the windshield for
visibility in the landing approach
Landing Approach ........... PERFORM USING FORWARD SLIP
Forward slip if necessary for improved visibility
Approach .............................................................. 65 to 75 KIAS
Depending upon the amount of ice accumulation
Landing ................................. PERFORM IN LEVEL ATTITUDE
LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE
Wing Flaps ........................................................... AS DESIRED
Approach .....................................................................NORMAL
Touchdown ................................................. GOOD TIRE FIRST
hold airplane off flat tire as long as possible with aileron
control
5.15
Engine Failures
ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE-OFF ROLL
Throttle............................................................................. IDLE
Brakes...........................................................................APPLY
Wing Flaps .............................................................. RETRACT
Mixture ............................................................ IDLE CUT-OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. /OFF
Master Switch ................................................................... OFF
ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKE-OFF
Airspeed..................................................................... 60 KIAS
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Fuel shutoff valve ............................................................. OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps ..................................................... AS REQUIRED
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (RESTART
PROCEDURE)
Airspeed..................................................................... 60 KIAS
Carburettor Heat ............................................................... ON
Primer ...........................................................IN and LOCKED
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................. ON
Mixture ........................................................................... RICH
Ignition Switch ............................................................... BOTH
(or START if propeller is stopped)
Forced Landings
EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER
Airspeed ...................................................... 65 KIAS (flaps up)
................................................................. 60 KIAS (flaps down)
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve............................................................ OFF
Ignition Switch .................................................................. OFF
Wing Flaps .................................................... AS REQUIRED
(30 recommended)
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
Doors .......................... UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
Safety Belts ......................................................... FASTENED
Touchdown .......................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Brakes......................................................... APPLY HEAVILY
EVACUATE THE AIRCRAFT AFTER LANDING
PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER
Airspeed ........................................................................ 60 KIAS
Wing Flaps ........................................................................... 20
Selected Field........................................................... FLY OVER
Noting terrain and obstructions, then retract flaps upon
reaching a safe altitude and airspeed
Radio and Electrical Switches ............................................ OFF
Wing Flaps .............................................30 (on final approach)
Airspeed ........................................................................ 55 KIAS
Master Switch ...................................................................... OFF
Doors .............................. UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
Touchdown .............................................. SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Ignition Switch ..................................................................... OFF
Brakes ............................................................ APPLY HEAVILY
DITCHING
Radio ....................................................... TRANSMIT MAYDAY
(on active frequency or) on 121.5 Mhz, giving location and
intentions
Squawk..................... 7700 IF TRANSPONDER IS INSTALLED
Heavy Objects(in baggage area) ........ SECURE OR JETTISON
Life vests .........................................................On, do not inflate
Approach:
High winds, heavy seas ...................................INTO THE WIND
Light winds, heavy swells ................... PARALLEL TO SWELLS
Wing Flaps ........................................................................... 30
Power ............. ESTABLISH 300/MIN. DESCENT AT 55 KIAS
Cabin Doors .............................................................. UNLATCH
Touch Down ..... LEVEL ATTITUDE AT 300 FT/MIN DESCENT
Face .......................................................................... CUSHION
At touchdown with folded coat
Airplane ................................. EVACUATE through cabin doors.
If necessary, open windows and flood cabin to equalize
pressure so doors can be opened.
Life vests and Raft ................... INFLATE when clear of airplane
Fires
(ENGINE FIRE) DURING START ON THE GROUND
Cranking .............................................................. CONTINUE
To get a start which would suck the flames and accumulated
fuel through the carburetor and into the engine
If engine starts:
Power......................................... 1700 RPM for a few minutes
Engine......................... SHUTDOWN and inspect for damage
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Fuel selector .................................................................... OFF
Master Switch .................................................................. OFF
If engine fails to start:
Throttle................................................................ FULL OPEN
Mixture ........................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
Cranking ................... CONTINUE in an effort to obtain a start
Fire Extinguisher ........................................................OBTAIN
(have ground attendants obtain if not installed)
Engine...................................................................... SECURE
Master Switch..
OFF
Ignition Switch.
OFF
Fuel Shutoff Valve..
OFF
Evacuate aircraft
Fire.................................................................... EXTINGUISH
using fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or dirt
Fire Damage ........................................................... INSPECT
repair damage or replace damaged components or wiring
before conducting another flight (this shall be done by
certified maintenance personnel only)
Icing
INADVERTENCING ENCOUNTER
Pitot Heat Switch ................................... TURN ON (if installed)
Altitude/Position...........................................................CHANGE
Turn back or change altitude to obtain an outside air
temperature that is less conducive to icing
Cabin Heat Control ..........................................PULL FULL OUT
To obtain maximum defroster air temperature. For greater
airflow at reduced temperatures adjust the cabin air control
as required.
Throttle ............................................................................. OPEN
To increase engine speed and minimize ice build-up on
propeller blades
Carburetor Heat................................................... IF REQUIRED
Watch for signs of carburetor air filter ice and apply
carburetor heat as required. An unexpected loss in engine
speed could be caused by carburetor ice or air intake filter
ice
Mixture........................................... LEAN FOR MAXIMUM RPM
if carburetor heat is used continuously
Landing..................................... PLAN AT NEAREST AIRPORT
With an extremely rapid ice build-up, select a
suitable off-airport landing site
Ice Accumulation ........................................................... CHECK
more than inch or more on the wing leading edges, be
prepared for significantly higher stall speed
Wing Flaps .............................................. LEAVE RETRACTED
With a severe ice build-up on the horizontal tail, the change
in wing wake airflow direction caused by wing flap
extension could result in a loss of elevator effectiveness
Left Window...................................................................... OPEN
Ice ............................................................ SCRAPE (if practical)
If practical, scrape ice from a portion of the windshield for
visibility in the landing approach
Landing Approach ........... PERFORM USING FORWARD SLIP
Forward slip if necessary for improved visibility
Approach .............................................................. 65 to 75 KIAS
Depending upon the amount of ice accumulation
Landing ................................. PERFORM IN LEVEL ATTITUDE
LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE
Wing Flaps ........................................................... AS DESIRED
Approach .....................................................................NORMAL
Touchdown ................................................. GOOD TIRE FIRST
hold airplane off flat tire as long as possible with aileron
control