3D printing is the fully automated

manufacturing process of building

three dimensional objects from a
digital blueprint or model.

3D printing, more professionally also

known as additive manufacturing.

3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of

making three dimensional solid objects from a digital
file.

The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using

additive processes.

In an additive process an object is created by laying

down successive layers of material until the entire
object is created.

Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced

horizontal cross-section of the eventual object.

Here, we create a three dimensional

object by building it layer by
successive layer, until the entire object
is complete. Its much like printing in
two dimensions on a sheet of paper,
but with an added third dimension: UP.
y
The Z-axis.

Step1- It starts with making a virtual design of the object you

want to create.
Step2- This virtual design is made in a CAD (Computer Aided
Design) file using a 3D modeling program.
Step3- Then the software slices the final model into hundreds or
thousands of horizontal layers.

Step4 -When this prepared file is uploaded in the 3D printer, the

printer creates the object layer by layer.
Step5- The 3D printer reads every slice (or 2D image) and
proceeds to create the object blending each layer together
with no sign of the layering visible, resulting in one three
dimensional object.

1.

Mainly 2
Selective laser sintering (SLS)

2.

Fused deposition modeling (FDM)

During SLS, tiny particles of plastic, ceramic or glass are fused

together by heat from a high-power laser to form a solid, threedimensional object.

A laser, which is controlled by a computer that tells it what object

to "print," pulses down on the platform, tracing a cross-section of
the object onto the powder.

The laser heats the powder either to just below its boiling point
(sintering) or above its boiling point (melting), which fuses the
particles in the powder together into a solid form.

Once the initial layer is formed, the platform of the SLS machine
drops usually by less than 0.1mm exposing a new layer of
powder for the laser to trace and fuse together. This process
continues again and again until the entire object has been printed.

When the object is fully formed, it is left to cool in the machine

before being removed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx0Z6LplaMU

Manufacturing Options
Rapid Prototyping
Manufacturing Speed
Reduced Costs
Warehousing
More technical Jobs
Medical

Fewer Manufacturing Jobs

Limited Materials for printing: plastic, resin, certain metals,

and ceramics

Copyright: counterfeit items

Dangerous Items: guns and knives

More Useless Stuff

Size of final products :- Depends on size of printer

WHAT IS 3D PRINTING GOOD FOR

Cost effective short runs, one offs, customizations, prototypes
Highly accurate 3D objects
CHALLENGES
3D models are difficult to create
Finishes are not great
High prices for one off prints
Low quality plastics on home printers
END MARKETS
Prototypes
Hobbyist
Jewellery
Customized objects
Medical implants
Replacement parts

VALUE CHAIN
Designers
Market places
Enabling software
Printers home and bureau

It will change the nature of commerce, because

end users will be able to do much of their own
manufacturing rather than engaging in trade to buy
products from other people and corporations.

3D printers capable of outputting in color and

multiple materials already exist and will continue to
improve to a point where functional products will
be able to be produced

Hence, 3D printing will change the manufacturing

world as we know it.

COCA- COLA
Coca-Cola introduced its new smaller bottles in Israel and teamed up with Gefem
Tel-Aviv on an enjoyable 3D printing promotion. Coca- Cola asked consumers to
produce minuscule, digital versions of them in a mobile app, which they then had
to look after, Tamagotchi-style. A choice of those people won a trip to their factory,
where they had an opportunity to turn their tamagotchi versions into a scale toy

model which was 3D printed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0FzVNKg6Jo

DVV
Belgian Insurance Company DVV exhibited how 3D printers can be useful for its
customers. The company introduced a service called "Key Save," which permits
customers to save an image of their keys on a secure server. If a customer ever
misplaces their keys, they can take their data to a 3D printer and generate a new
one. It's a benefit to customers, but also to the insurance establishment, because
organizations lose money changing homeowners' locks.

NASA

NASA is going to introduce a 3D printer

into space in 2014 to assist astronauts in
producing parts and tools in zero gravity.
"If you want to be adaptable, you have to
be able to design and manufacture on the
fly, and that's where 3D printing in space
comes in,'' said Dave Korsmeyer, director
of engineering at NASA's Ames Research
Center.
Scientists are developing a 3D printer
that will be able to withstand vibrations
from launch and differing air pressures.

India has seen a transformation in the 3D printing

industry with the emergence of local 3D printer
manufacturers, according to a 10 October 2013,
report by research firm Gartner Inc.

In India, the 3D printer market is nascent (New &

developing)

In India3-D printers are mostly used by smaller

companies to verify industrial designs and not for
mass production.

With the advantages of 3D printing,

mankind may be entering a new
post-industrial manufacturing age where
products are significantly cheaper and built
quicker than ever before, however the
disadvantages of 3D printing needs to be
known to be better understood and
mitigated against.

Its cost can range from Rs.5000 up to Lakhs or

Crores depending on machine capacity &
technology used in it.
It can be brought easily from Online E-commerce
websites like e-bay.
Size & shapes vary largely.

Researchers at the University of Colorado

Boulder have gone a step ahead and added a
fourth dimension, or 4D, to their printing
technology.

They said in a 22 October 2013 press

statement,4-D printing opens up exciting
possibilities for the creation and use of
adaptive, composite materials in
manufacturing, packaging and biomedical
applications.

The 4D printing concept, which allows materials

to self-assemble into 3D structures, was
initially proposed by the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology faculty member Skylar
Tibbits this April, when Tibbits and his team
combined a strand of plastic with a layer made
out of smart material that could selfassemble in water.