Int

F
ternatio
C
ound
onal So
Certifi
dation
R
Ver
ftware
ied T
n Lev
Released
rsion 201
Testing
ester
vel Sy
11
g Qualif
ry
llabu
fication
us
ns Board
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
Copyrigh
This doc
Copyrigh
ISTQB is
Copyrigh
the ISTQ
Copyrigh
Klonk, R
Copyrigh
Friedenb
Copyrigh
Klaus Ol
All rights
The auth
(ISTQB)
have agr
1) Any
auth
and
after

Natio
2) Any
othe
copy
3) Any
its tr
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
ht Notice
cument may
ht Notice In
s a registered
ht 2011 the
QB WG Foun
ht 2010 the
Rahul Verma)
ht 2007 the
berg and Erik
ht 2005, th
lsen, Maaret
s reserved.
hors hereby t
. The author
reed to the fo
individual or
ors and the
provided tha
r submission
onal Board.
individual or
er derivative
yright owners
ISTQB-reco
ranslation) to
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
be copied in
nternational
d trademark
e authors for
ndation Leve
e authors for
)e
authors for
k van Veene
he authors (T

Pyhjrvi, G
transfer the c
rs (as current
ollowing cond
r training com
ISTQB are
at any adver
n for official
r group of in
writings if th
s of the sylla
ognized Natio
o other partie
its entirety,
Software Te
of the Intern
r the update
l)
r the update
r the update
ndaal)
Thomas Mlle
Geoff Thomp
copyright to t
t copyright h
ditions of use
mpany may u
acknowledge
rtisement of
accreditatio
ndividuals ma
he authors a
bus.
onal Board m
s.
Page 2 of 7
or extracts m
esting Qualific
national Softw
2011 (Thom
2010 (Thom
2007 (Thom
er (chair), Re
son and Erik
the Internatio
olders) and I
e:
use this sylla
ed as the so

such a train
on of the tra
ay use this s
and the IST
may translate
78
made, if the s
cations Boar
ware Testing
as Mller (ch
as Mller (ch
as Mller (ch
ex Black, Sig
k van Veenen
onal Softwar
ISTQB (as th
abus as the b
ource and co
ning course m
aining mater
syllabus as t
QB are ack
e this syllabu
Q
source is ack
rd (hereinafte
g Qualificatio
hair), Debra
hair), Armin B
hair), Dorothy
grid Eldh, Do
ndaal).
re Testing Qu
he future cop
basis for a tra
opyright own
may mention
rials to an I
the basis for
nowledged a
us and licens
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Mar
knowledged.
er called IST
ns Board,
Friedenberg

Beer, Martin
y Graham, D
rothy Graha
ualifications
pyright holde
aining course
ers of the sy
n the syllabu
ISTQB reco
articles, boo
as the sourc
se the syllab
nal
esting
s Board
r-2011
QB)
, and
Debra
m,
Board
r)
e if the
yllabus
us only
gnized
oks, or
ce and
bus (or
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
Revis
Version
ISTQB 2
ISTQB 2
ISTQB 2
ISTQB 2
ASQF V
ISEB V2
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
ion Histo
D
2011 E
2010 E

2007 0
2005 0
2.2 J
2.0 2
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
ory
Date
Effective 1-Ap
Effective 30-M
01-May-2007
01-July-2005
July-2003
25-Feb-1999
pr-2011
Mar-2010
7
Page 3 of 7
Remarks
Certified
Maintena
Notes
Certified
Maintena
Notes
Certified
Maintena
Certified
ASQF Sy
Lehrplan
ISEB Sof
25 Febru
78
s
Tester Foun
ance Release
Tester Foun
ance Release
Tester Foun
ance Release
Tester Foun
yllabus Foun
n Grundlagen
ftware Testin
ary 1999
Q
dation Level
e see Appe

dation Level
e see Appe
dation Level
e
dation Level
dation Level
n des Softwa
ng Foundatio
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Mar
l Syllabus
endix E Re
l Syllabus
endix E Re
l Syllabus
l Syllabus
Version 2.2
are-testens
on Syllabus V
nal
esting
s Board
r-2011
elease
elease
V2.0
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
Table
Acknowl
Introduct
Purpo
The C
Learn
The E
Accre
Level
How t
1. Fun
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1

1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
2. Tes
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
3. Sta
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
4. Tes
4.1
4.2
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
of Conte
edgements..
tion to this S
ose of this Do
Certified Test
ning Objective
Examination .
editation ........

of Detail ......
this Syllabus
ndamentals o
Why is Te
.1 Softwa
.2 Causes
.3 Role of
.4 Testing
.5 How M
What is T
Seven Te
Fundame
4.1 Test Pl
4.2 Test An
4.3 Test Im
4.4 Evalua
4.5 Test Cl
The Psych
Code of E
sting Throug
Software
.1 V-mode
.2 Iterative
.3 Testing
Test Leve
2.1 Compo
2.2 Integra
2.3 System
2.4 Accept
Test Type
3.1 Testing
3.2 Testing
3.3 Testing
3.4 Testing
Maintenan
atic Techniqu
Static Tec
Review P
2.1 Activitie
2.2 Roles a
2.3 Types o
2.4 Succes
Static Ana
st Design Te
The Test
Categorie
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board

ents
....................
Syllabus ........
ocument ......
ter Foundatio
es/Cognitive
....................
....................
....................
is Organize
of Testing (K
esting Neces
re Systems C
s of Software
f Testing in S
g and Quality
uch Testing
esting? (K2)
sting Princip
ntal Test Pro
anning and C
nalysis and D
mplementatio
ting Exit Crit
losure Activit
hology of Te
Ethics ...........
ghout the Sof
Developmen
el (Sequentia
e-incrementa
g within a Life
els (K2) ........
onent Testing
ation Testing
m Testing (K2
ance Testing
es (K2) .........
g of Function
g of Non-func
g of Software
g Related to
nce Testing (
ues (K2).......
chniques and
rocess (K2) .
es of a Form
and Respons
of Reviews (

ss Factors fo
alysis by Too
echniques (K
Developmen
es of Test De
....................
....................
....................
on Level in S
Level of Kno
....................
....................
....................
d ..................
K2)................
sary (K2) .....
Context (K1 )
e Defects (K2
Software Dev
y (K2) ...........
is Enough?
....................
ples (K2) .......
ocess (K1) ...
Control (K1)
Design (K1) .
on and Execu
teria and Rep
ties (K1) ......
sting (K2) ....
....................
ftware Life C
nt Models (K2
al Developm
al Developm
e Cycle Mod
....................
g (K2) ...........
(K2) ............
2) .................
g (K2)...........
....................
n (Functional
ctional Softw
e Structure/A
Changes: Re
(K2) .............
....................
d the Test Pr

....................
mal Review (K
sibilities (K1 )
(K2) ..............
or Reviews (K
ols (K2) ........
K4) ................
nt Process (K
esign Techniq
Page 4 of 7
....................
....................
....................
Software Tes
owledge ......
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
) ...................
2) ................
velopment, M
....................
(K2) ............
....................
....................
....................
...................
....................
ution (K1).....
porting (K1) .
....................
....................
....................
Cycle (K2) .....
2) ................
ent Model) (
ent Models (
el (K2) ........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
Testing) (K2
ware Characte

Architecture (
e-testing and
....................
....................
rocess (K2) ..
....................
K1) ...............
) ...................
....................
K2) ...............
....................
....................
K3) ...............
ques (K2) ....
78
....................
....................
....................
ting ..............
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
Maintenance
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
K2) ..............
(K2) .............
....................
....................
....................
....................

....................
....................
....................
2) .................
eristics (Non
Structural Te
d Regression
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
Q
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
and Operati
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................

....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
n-functional T
esting) (K2) .
n Testing (K2
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Mar
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
ons (K2) .....
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................

...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
Testing) (K2)
...................
2) .................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
nal
esting
s Board
r-2011
............ 7
............ 8
............ 8
............ 8
............ 8
............ 8
............ 8
............ 9
............ 9
.......... 10
.......... 11
.......... 11
.......... 11

.......... 11
.......... 11
.......... 12
.......... 13
.......... 14
.......... 15
.......... 15
.......... 15
.......... 16
.......... 16
.......... 16
.......... 18
.......... 20
.......... 21
.......... 22
.......... 22
.......... 22
.......... 22
.......... 24
.......... 24
.......... 25
.......... 26
.......... 26
.......... 28
.......... 28
......... 28
.......... 29
.......... 29
.......... 30
.......... 31
.......... 32
.......... 33
.......... 33
.......... 33
.......... 34
.......... 35
.......... 36
.......... 37
.......... 38
.......... 39
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3

4.3
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.6
5. Tes
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
6. Too
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.3
7. Re
Stand
Books
8. Ap
Histor
Objec
Objec
Novem

Entry
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Specificat
3.1 Equiva
3.2 Bounda
3.3 Decisio
3.4 State T
3.5 Use Ca
Structure4.1 Statem
4.2 Decisio
4.3 Other S
Experienc
Choosing
st Managem
Test Orga
.1 Test O
.2 Tasks o
Test Plan
2.1 Test Pl
2.2 Test Pl
2.3 Entry C
2.4 Exit Cr
2.5 Test Es
2.6 Test St
Test Prog
3.1 Test Pr
3.2 Test Re
3.3 Test Co
Configura
Risk and T
5.1 Project
5.2 Produc
Incident M
ol Support fo
Types of T
.1 Tool Su
.2 Test To
.3 Tool Su
.4 Tool Su
.5 Tool Su
.6 Tool Su
.7 Tool Su
.8 Tool Su
Effective U
2.1 Potenti

2.2 Specia
Introducin
ferences ......
dards ............
s...................
pendix A S
ry of this Doc
ctives of the F
ctives of the I
mber 2001)..
Requiremen
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
tion-based or
lence Partitio
ary Value An
on Table Tes
Transition Te
ase Testing (
-based or Wh
ment Testing a
on Testing an
Structure-bas
ce-based Tec
Test Techni
ent (K3) ......
anization (K2
rganization a
of the Test L
ning and Est
anning (K2)
anning Activ
Criteria (K2) .
iteria (K2) ....
stimation (K2
trategy, Test
gress Monitor
rogress Mon
eporting (K2
ontrol (K2) ...
ation Manage
Testing (K2)
t Risks (K2) .
ct Risks (K2)
Management
or Testing (K2
Test Tools (K
upport for Te

ool Classifica
upport for Ma
upport for Sta
upport for Te
upport for Te
upport for Pe
upport for Sp
Use of Tools
al Benefits a
l Considerat
ng a Tool into
....................
....................
....................
Syllabus Bac
cument ........
Foundation C
International
....................
nts for this Qu
r Black-box T
oning (K3) ...
nalysis (K3) ..
sting (K3) .....
sting (K3) ....
(K2)..............
hite-box Tec
and Coverag
nd Coverage
sed Techniqu
chniques (K2
iques (K2)....
....................
2) ..................
and Independ
Leader and T
timation (K3)
....................
vities (K3) .....
....................
....................
2) .................
t Approach (K
ring and Con
itoring (K1) ..
)...................
....................
ement (K2) ...
....................

....................
....................
(K3) ............
2).................
K2) ...............
esting (K2) ...
ation (K2) .....
anagement o
atic Testing
est Specificat
est Execution
erformance a
pecific Testin
s: Potential B
and Risks of
ions for Som
o an Organiz
....................
....................
....................
kground .......
....................
Certificate Q
Qualification
....................
ualification ...
Page 5 of 7
Techniques (
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
hniques (K4
ge (K4) ........
e (K4) ...........
ues (K1) ......
2) .................
....................
....................
....................
dence (K2) ..
Tester (K1) ...
)...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................

K2) ..............
ntrol (K2) .....
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
of Testing an
(K1) ............
tion (K1) ......
n and Loggin
and Monitorin
ng Needs (K1
Benefits and
Tool Suppor
me Types of T
zation (K1) ...
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
ualification ..
n (adapted fr
....................
....................
78
(K3) .............
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
4) ..................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................

....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
nd Tests (K1 )
....................
....................
ng (K1) .........
ng (K1) .........
1 ) .................
Risks (K2) ..
rt for Testing
Tools (K1) ....
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
rom ISTQB m
....................
....................
Q
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................

....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
) ..................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
(for all tools
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
meeting at So
....................
....................
Internatio
Software Te

Qualifications
31-Mar
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
s) (K2) .........
...................
...................
...................

...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
ollentuna,
...................
...................
nal
esting
s Board
r-2011
.......... 40
.......... 40
.......... 40
.......... 40
.......... 41
.......... 41
.......... 42
.......... 42
.......... 42
.......... 42
.......... 43
.......... 44
.......... 45
.......... 47
.......... 47
.......... 47
.......... 49
.......... 49
.......... 49
.......... 49
.......... 49
.......... 50
.......... 50
.......... 51
.......... 51
.......... 51
.......... 51
.......... 52
.......... 53
.......... 53
.......... 53
.......... 55
.......... 57
.......... 58
.......... 58
.......... 58
.......... 59

.......... 59
.......... 59
.......... 60
.......... 60
.......... 60
.......... 62
.......... 62
.......... 62
.......... 64
.......... 65
.......... 65
.......... 65
.......... 67
.......... 67
.......... 67
.......... 67
.......... 67
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
Backg
9. Ap
Level
Level
Level
Level
10. A
Found
10.
10.
10.
10.
11. A
12. A
Relea
Relea
13.
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
ground and H
pendix B L
1: Rememb
2: Understa
3: Apply (K3
4: Analyze (
Appendix C

dation Syllab
.1.1 Genera
.1.2 Curren
.1.3 Learnin
.1.4 Overall
Appendix D
Appendix E
ase 2010 ......
ase 2011 ......
Index ...........
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
History of the
Learning Obje
er (K1) ........
nd (K2) .......
3) .................
(K4) .............
Rules App
bus ...............
al Rules .......
t Content ....
ng Objectives
l Structure ...
Notice to T
Release N
....................
....................
....................
e Foundation
ectives/Cogn
....................
....................
....................
....................
plied to the IS
....................
....................
....................
s ..................
....................
Training Prov
otes.............
....................
....................
....................
Page 6 of 7
n Certificate i

nitive Level o
....................
....................
....................
....................
STQB ...........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
viders ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
78
n Software T
of Knowledge
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
Q
Testing ........
e ..................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................

....................
....................
....................
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Mar
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
...................
nal
esting
s Board
r-2011
.......... 68
.......... 69
.......... 69
.......... 69
.......... 69
.......... 69
.......... 71
.......... 71
.......... 71
.......... 71
.......... 71
.......... 71
.......... 73
.......... 74
.......... 74
.......... 74
.......... 76
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa

Ackno
Internatio
Thomas
Armin Be
Schaefe
the curre
Internatio
Thomas
review te
Tuula P
Veenend
Internatio
Thomas
team tha
Petterss
Internatio
Thomas
Geoff Th
suggesti
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
owledge
onal Softwar
Mller (chai
eer, Rex Bla
r, Stephanie
ent version o
onal Softwar
Mller (chai
eam (Rex Bla
kknen, M
daal) and all
onal Softwar
Mller (chai
anks the revie
on, and Won
onal Softwar
Mller (chai
hompson and
ons.
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
ments
re Testing Qu
r), Debra Fri
ck, Julie Gar

Ulrich, Erik
of the syllabu
re Testing Qu
r), Rahul Ve
ack, Mette B
Meile Posthum
National Boa
re Testing Qu
r), Dorothy G
ew team (Ha
nil Kwon) and
re Testing Qu
r), Rex Black
d Erik van Ve
ualifications
edenberg. T
rdiner, Judy
van Veenen
s.
ualifications
rma, Martin K
Bruhn-Peders
ma, Hans Sc
ards for their
ualifications
Graham, Deb
ans Schaefer
d all the Nati
ualifications
k, Sigrid Eldh
eenendaal an
Page 7 of 7
Board Work
The core team
McKay, Tuul
daal) and all
Board Work
Klonk and Ar
son, Debra F
chaefer, Step
r suggestions
Board Work
bra Friedenb
r, Stephanie
onal Boards
Board Work
h, Dorothy G
nd the review
78

ing Group Fo
m thanks the
la Pkkne
National Bo
ing Group Fo
rmin Beer. T
Friedenberg,
phanie Ulrich
s.
ing Group Fo
erg, and Erik
Ulrich, Meile
for their sug
ing Group Fo
Graham, Klau
w team and a
Q
oundation Le
review team
en, Eric Riou
oards for the
oundation Le
The core team
Klaus Olsen
, Pete William
oundation Le
k van Veene
e Posthuma,
ggestions.
oundation Le
us Olsen, Ma
all National B
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Mar
evel (Edition
m (Dan Almog
du Cosquier
suggestions
evel (Edition
m thanks the
n, Judy McKa
ms, Erik van
evel (Edition
ndaal. The c
Anders
evel (Edition
aaret Pyhjr

Boards for th
nal
esting
s Board
r-2011
2011):
g,
r Hans
for
2010):
ay,
2007):
core
2005):
rvi,
eir
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
Introd
Purpo
This sylla
Level. Th
Boards f
language
for accre
Informat
The C
The Fou
people in
acceptan
for anyo
manager
consulta
testing q
Learni
Learning
o K1: r
o K2: u
o K3: a
o K4: a
Further d
All terms
explicitly
The E
The Fou
examina
syllabus

The form
Exams m
examina
requisite
Accred
An ISTQ
syllabus
performs
is allowe
Further g
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
duction
ose of this
abus forms t
he Internatio
for them to a
e. Training p
editation. Th
ion on the hi
Certified T
ndation Leve
n roles such
nce testers a
ne who want
rs, software
ants. Holders
qualification.
ing Objec
g objectives a
remember
understand
apply
analyze
details and e
s listed unde
y mentioned
Examinatio
ndation Leve
ation question
. All sections
mat of the exa
may be taken
ation center o
e for the exam
ditation
QB National B

. Training pro
s the accredi
ed to have an
guidance for
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
n to this
s Docume
the basis for
onal Software
ccredit the tr
providers will
e syllabus w
story and ba
Tester Fo
el qualificatio
as testers, te
and software
ts a basic un
developmen
of the Foun
ctives/Co
are indicated
examples of l
r Terms jus
in the learnin
on
el Certificate
ns may requ
s of the syllab
amination is
n as part of a
or in a public
m.
Board may a
oviders shou
tation. An ac
n ISTQB exa
training prov
s Syllab
ent
the Internati
e Testing Qu
raining provid
determine a
will help cand
ackground of
undation

on is aimed a
est analysts,
developers.
nderstanding
nt managers,
dation Certif
ognitive L
d for each se
learning obje
st below chap
ng objectives
examination
ire the use o
bus are exam
multiple cho
an accredited
exam). Com
ccredit traini
uld obtain acc
ccredited cou
amination as
viders is give
Page 8 of 7
us
onal Softwar
alifications B
ders and to d
appropriate te
idates in the
f the syllabus
Level in
at anyone inv
, test enginee
This Founda
of software
business an
ficate will be
evel of K
ction in this s
ectives are g
pter heading
s.
n will be base
of material ba
minable.
oice.
d training cou
mpletion of a
ng providers

creditation g
urse is recog
part of the c
en in Append
78
re Testing Q
Board (ISTQB
derive exami
eaching meth
ir preparatio
s can be foun
Software
volved in soft
ers, test cons
ation Level q
testing, such
nalysts, IT dir
able to go on
Knowledge
syllabus and
iven in Appe
gs shall be re
ed on this sy
ased on more
urse or taken
an accredited
s whose cour
uidelines fro
gnized as con
ourse.
dix D.
Q
ualification a
B) provides i
nation quest
hods and pro
n for the exa
nd in Append
e Testing
tware testing
sultants, test
qualification i
h as project m
rectors and m
n to a higher
e
d classified as
endix B.
emembered (

yllabus. Answ
e than one s
n independen
d training cou
rse material f
m the board
nforming to t
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Mar
at the Founda
t to the Natio
tions in their
oduce course
amination.
dix A.
g. This includ
t managers,
is also appro
managers, q
managemen
r-level softwa
s follows:
(K1), even if
wers to
ection of this
ntly (e.g., at a
urse is not a
follows this
or body that
his syllabus,
nal
esting
s Board
r-2011
ation
onal
local
eware
des
user
opriate
uality
ta
re
not
sa
n

pret
and
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
Level
The leve
order to
o Gen
o A lis
requ
o Lear
mind
o A lis
o A de
stan
The sylla
the level
How th
There ar
learning
example
2. Tes
This hea
shown) a
chapter.
objective
within th
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
of Detail
el of detail in
achieve this
eral instructi
t of informati
uired
rning objectiv
dset to be ac
t of terms tha
escription of t
dards
abus content
of detail to b
his Syllab
re six major c
objectives th

e:
sting Thr
ading shows
and K2 (but n
Within each
es and the am
e time for the
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
this syllabus
goal, the sy
onal objectiv
ion to teach,
ves for each
chieved
at students m
the key conc
t is not a des
be covered in
bus is Or
chapters. Th
hat is covere
roughout
that Chapter
not K3), and
chapter the
mount of time
e section.
s allows inter
llabus consis
ves describin
including a d
knowledge a
must be able
cepts to teac
scription of th
n Foundation
rganized
e top-level h
ed within the
t the Sof
r 2 has learn
it is intended
re are a num
e required. S
Page 9 of 7
rnationally co
sts of:

ng the intentio
description, a
area, describ
e to recall and
h, including s
he entire kno
n Level traini
heading for e
chapter and
ftware Li
ing objective
d to take 11 5
mber of sectio
Subsections
78
onsistent tea
on of the Fou
and referenc
bing the cogn
d understand
sources such
owledge area
ing courses.
ach chapter
specifies the
fe Cycle
es of K1 (ass
5 minutes to
ons. Each se
that do not h
Q
ching and ex
undation Lev
ces to additio
nitive learnin
dh
as accepte
a of software
shows the h
e time for the
(K2)
sumed when
teach the m
ection also ha
have a time g
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Mar

xamination. I
vel
onal sources
g outcome a
ed literature o
testing; it ref
highest level
e chapter. Fo
115 min
a higher lev
aterial in the
as the learni
given are inc
nal
esting
s Board
r-2011
n
if
and
or
flects
of
or
nutes
el is
en
g
luded
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
1.
Learni
The obje
1.1 Wh
LO-1.1.1
LO-1.1.2
LO-1.1.3
LO-1.1.4
LO-1.1.5
1.2 Wh
LO-1.2.1
LO-1.2.2
LO-1.2.3
1.3 Sev
LO-1.3.1
1.4 Fun

LO-1.4.1
1.5 The
LO-1.5.1
LO-1.5.2
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Fundam
ing Objec
ectives identi
hy is Testi
1 Describe
person, t
2 Distingu
3 Give rea
4 Describe
contribut
5 Explain a
mistake
hat is Test
1 Recall th
2 Provide
cycle (K2
3 Different
ven Testin
1 Explain t
ndamenta
1 Recall th
(K1)
e Psychol
1 Recall th
2 Contrast
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
mentals
ctives for
fy what you
ng Necess
e, with exam
to the enviro
ish between
asons why te
e why testing
tes to higher
and compare
and bug, usi
ing? (K2)

he common o
examples fo
2)
tiate testing f
ng Princip
the seven pr
al Test Pro
he five funda
ogy of Tes
he psycholog
t the mindset
of Test
r Fundam
will be able t
sary? (K2
ples, the way
onment or to
the root cau
sting is nece
g is part of qu
r quality (K2)
e the terms e
ing examples
objectives of
r the objectiv
from debugg
ples (K2)
rinciples in te
ocess (K1 )
mental test a
sting (K2)
gical factors t
t of a tester a
Page 10 of
ting (K2
mentals of
to do followin
)
y in which a
a company (
use of a defec
essary by giv
uality assura
error, defect,
s (K2)
f testing (K1)
ves of testing
ging (K2)
esting (K2)

)a
ctivities and
)t
hat influence
and of a deve
78
2)
f Testingn
g the compl
defect in sof
(K2)
ct and its effe
ving example
nce and give
fault, failure
g in different
d respective t
e the succes
eloper (K2)
Q
15
letion of each
ftware can ca
ects (K2)
es (K2)
e examples o
e, and the cor
phases of th
tasks from p
ss of testing (
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
55 minu
h module.
ause harm to
of how testin
rresponding
he software l
lanning to cl
(K1)
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
utes
oa
g

terms
ife
osure
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
1.1
Terms
Bug, def
1.1.1
Software
products
expected
money, t
1.1.2
A human
code, or
(or do so
result in
Defects
code, co
Failures
electroni
changing
1.1.3
Operat
Rigorous
during o
corrected
Software
standard
1.1.4
With the
for both f
usability
see Cha
Software
Testing c
designed
defects,
Lessons
found in
reoccurr
quality a
Testing s
standard
fied Teste
ation Level Sy

2011
al Software Testing Q
Why is
fect, error, fa
Software
e systems ar
s (e.g., cars).
d. Software t
time or busin
Causes o
n being can m
in a docume
omething it s
failures, but
occur becau
omplexity of i
can be caus
ic fields, and
g the hardwa
Role of T
tions (K2)
s testing of s
peration and
d before the
e testing may
ds.
Testing a
help of testi
functional an
, efficiency, m
apter 2; for m
e Product Qu
can give con
d test that pa
the quality o
s should be le
other projec
ing and, as a
ssurance.
should be int
ds, training a
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
Testing
ailure, fault, m
e Systems
re an integral
. Most people

that does not

ness reputati
of Softwar
make an erro
ent. If a defec
houldnt), ca
not all defec
se human be
nfrastructure
sed by enviro
pollution ca
are condition
Testing in
systems and
d contribute to
system is re
y also be req
and Qualit
ng, it is poss
nd non-functi
maintainabili
ore informat
uality (ISO 9
nfidence in th
asses reduce
of the softwar
earned from
cts, processe
a consequen
tegrated as o
nd defect an
g Necess
mistake, qual
s Context (
l part of life, f
e have had a
t work correc
on, and coul
re Defects
or (mistake),
ct in code is
ausing a failu
cts do so.
eings are fal
e, changing t
onmental con
n cause faul
s.
Software

documentati
o the quality
eleased for o
quired to mee
ty (K2)
sible to meas
ional softwar
ty and portab
tion on softw
126).
he quality of t
es the overal
re system inc
previous pro
es can be imp
nce, improve
one of the qu
nalysis).
Page 11 of
sary (K2
lity, risk
(K1)
from busines
an experienc
ctly can lead
ld even caus
s (K2)
which produ
executed, th
re. Defects i
lible and bec
technologies
nditions as w
ts in firmwar
Developm
ion can help
of the softw
perational us
et contractua
sure the qual
re requireme
bility). For m
are characte
the software
l level of risk
creases whe
ojects. By un
proved, whic
the quality o

uality assura
78
2)
ss applicatio
ce with softwa
to many pro
se injury or de
uces a defec
he system ma
n software, s
cause there i
, and/or man
well. For exa
re or influenc
ment, Main
to reduce th
are system,
se.
al or legal req
lity of softwa
ents and char
ore informat
eristics see S
if it finds few
k in a system
en those defe
derstanding
ch in turn sho
of future syst
nce activities
Q
ns (e.g., ban
are that did n
oblems, inclu
eath.
t (fault, bug)
ay fail to do w
systems or d
s time press
ny system int
mple, radiati
ce the execut
ntenance a
he risk of pro
if the defects
quirements, o
re in terms o
racteristics (e
ion on non-fu

Software Eng
w or no defec
m. When testi
ects are fixed
the root cau
ould prevent
tems. This is
s (i.e., alongs
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
20 minut
nking) to cons
not work as
ding loss of
in the progra
what it shoul
documents m
sure, complex
teractions.
ion, magnetis
tion of softwa
and
blems occur
s found are
or industry-s
of defects fou
e.g., reliabilit
unctional tes
gineering
cts. A proper
ng does find
d.
ses of defec
those defect
an aspect o
side develop
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
tes
sumer
am
ld do
may
xs
m,

are by
ring
pecific
und,
ty,
sting
rly
dc
ts
ts from
of
pment
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
1.1.5
Deciding
safety, a
further in
Testing s
release o
custome
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
How Muc
g how much t
and business
n Chapter 5.
should provid
of the softwa
ers.
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
ch Testing
testing is eno
s risks, and p
de sufficient
are or system
g is Enoug
ough should
project constr
information t
m being teste
Page 12 of
gh? (K2)

take accoun
raints such a
to stakehold
ed, for the ne
78
nt of the leve
as time and b
ers to make
xt developm
Q
el of risk, inclu
budget. Risk
informed de
ent step or h
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
uding technic
k is discussed
cisions abou
handover to
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
cal,
du
t the
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
1.2
Terms
Debuggi
Backgr
A comm
This is p
Test acti
choosing
criteria, r
activities
(includin
Both dyn
and will
developm
Testing c
o Find

o Gain
o Prov
o Prev
The thou
test basi
documen
defects a
Different
testing (e
many fai
acceptan
gain con
be to ass
stakehol
testing th
operatio
availabil
Debuggi
Debuggi
Subsequ
responsi
The proc
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
What is
ng, requirem
round
on perceptio
part of testing
ivities exist b
g test conditi
reporting on
s after a test
g source cod
namic testing
provide infor
ment and tes
can have the
ing defects
ning confiden
viding inform
venting defec
ught process
s via test de
nts (e.g., req
appearing in
t viewpoints

e.g., compon
ilures as pos
nce testing, t
nfidence that
sess the qua
ders of the r
hat no new d
nal testing, t
ity.
ng and testin
ng is the dev
uent re-testin
ibility for thes
cess of testin
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
s Testin
ment, review,
on of testing i
g, but not all o
before and af
ons, designi
the testing p
phase has b
de) and cond
g and static te
rmation that c
sting process
e following ob
nce about the
ation for dec
cts
s and activitie
sign) can he
quirements) a
the code.
in testing tak
nent, integrat
ssible so that
the main obje
it has met th
ality of the so
risk of releas
defects have
he main obje
ng are differe
velopment ac
ng by a teste

se activities i
ng and the te
g? (K2)
test case, te
is that it only
of the testing
fter test exec
ng and exec
process and
been complet
ducting static
esting can b
can be used
ses.
bjectives:
e level of qua
cision-making
es involved in
elp to prevent
and the ident
ke different o
tion and syst
t defects in th
ective may b
he requireme
oftware (with
ing the syste
been introdu
ective may b
ent. Dynamic
ctivity that fin
r ensures tha
is usually tes
esting activitie
Page 13 of
esting, test o
y consists of
g activities.
cution. Thes
cuting test ca
system unde
ted. Testing
c analysis.
e used as a
to improve b
ality
gn
designing t
t defects from

tification and
objectives into
tem testing),
he software a
be to confirm
ents. In some
no intention
em at a given
uced during d
e to assess s
c testing can
nds, analyze
at the fix doe
sters test and
es are expla
78
objective
running tests
se activities in
ses, checkin
er test, and fi
also includes
means for ac
both the syst
tests early in
m being intro
d resolution o
o account. F
the main ob
are identified
that the sys
e cases the m
of fixing defe
n time. Maint
developmen
system chara
show failure
s and remov
es indeed res
d developers
ined in Secti
Q
s, i.e., execu
nclude plann
ng results, ev
inalizing or c
s reviewing d
chieving sim
tem being tes

the life cycle

oduced into c
of issues also
For example,
bjective may
d and can be
tem works a
main objectiv
ects), to give
tenance testi
t of the chan
acteristics su
es that are ca
ves the cause
solve the fail
s debug.
on 1.4.
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
30 minut
uting the softw
ning and cont
valuating exit
completing cl
documents
milar objective
sted and the
e (verifying t
code. Review
o help to prev
in developm
be to cause
e fixed. In
s expected,
ve of testing
e information
ing often incl
nges. During
uch as reliab
aused by def
e of the failur
ure. The
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
tes

ware.
trol,
t
osure
es,
e
he
ws of
vent
ment
as
to
may
n to
ludes
bility or
fects.
re.
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
1.3
Terms
Exhaust
Princip
A numbe
guideline
Principl
Testing c
reduces
found, it
Principl
Testing e
cases. In
efforts.
Principl
To find d
developm
Principl
Testing e
modules
release t
Principl
If the sam
longer fin
reviewed
the softw
Principl

Testing i
differentl
Principl
Finding a
needs an
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Seven
ive testing
ples
er of testing p
es common f
e 1 Testin
can show tha
the probabil
is not a proo
e 2 Exhau
everything (a
nstead of exh
e 3 Early t
defects early
ment life cyc
e 4 Defect
effort shall be
s. A small nu
testing, or is
e 5 Pestic
me tests are
nd any new d
d and revised
ware or syste
e 6 Testin
is done differ
ly from an ee 7 Absen
and fixing de
nd expectatio
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
Testing
principles ha
for all testing
g shows pre
at defects ar
ity of undisco
of of correctn
ustive testin

all combinatio
haustive test
testing
, testing activ
le, and shall
t clustering
e focused pr
mber of mod
responsible
cide paradox
repeated ov
defects. To o
d, and new a
em to find po
g is context
rently in diffe
-commerce s
nce-of-errors
efects does n
ons.
Princip
ave been sug
g.
esence of d
e present, bu
overed defec
ness.
g is imposs
ons of inputs
ting, risk ana
vities shall b
be focused
roportionally
dules usually
for most of t
xv
er and over
overcome thi
and different
tentially mor
t dependent
erent context
site.
s fallacy
not help if the
Page 14 of
les (K2)
ggested over
defects

ut cannot pro
cts remaining
sible
s and precon
alysis and pri
e started as
on defined o
to the expec
y contains mo
the operation
again, event
is pesticide
tests need to
re defects.
tt
s. For exam
e system bui
78
)r
the past 40
ove that there
g in the softw
nditions) is no
orities should
early as pos
objectives.
cted and late
ost of the def
nal failures.
tually the sam
paradox, te
o be written t
ple, safety-c
lt is unusable
Q
years and o
e are no defe
ware but, eve
ot feasible ex
d be used to
ssible in the s
r observed d
fects discove
me set of tes
st cases nee
to exercise d
ritical softwa
e and does n
Internatio

Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
35 minut
ffer general
ects. Testing
en if no defec
xcept for trivi
o focus testin
software or s
defect density
ered during p
st cases will
ed to be regu
different parts
are is tested
not fulfill the
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
tes
gc
ts are
ial
g
system
y of
preno
ularly
s of
users
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
1.4
Terms
Confirma
test cove
summary
Backgr
The mos
also inclu
and eval
The fund
o Test
o Test
o Test

o Eval
o Test
Although
Tailoring
1.4.1
Test plan
in order
Test con
status, in
and obje
througho
activities
Test plan
1.4.2
Test ana
tangible
The test
o Revi
anal
o Eval
o Iden
beha
o Desi
o Iden
o Desi
o Crea
1 The degr
system cha
reliability, o
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Fundam
ation testing,
erage, test da
y report, test
round
st visible part
ude time to b
luating result
damental tes
t planning an
t analysis an
t implementa
uating exit c
t closure acti
h logically se
g these main

Test Plan
nning is the a
to meet the o
ntrol is the on
ncluding dev
ectives of the
out the projec
s.
nning and co
Test Ana
alysis and de
test conditio
analysis and
iewing the te
ysis reports,
uating testab
tifying and p
avior and stru
igning and p
tifying neces
igning the tes
ating bi-direc
ree to which sof
aracteristics (e.g
or cost) which a
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
mental T
, re-testing, e
ata, test exe
tware
t of testing is
be spent on p
ts.
st process co
nd control
d design
ation and exe
criteria and re
vities
equential, the
activities wit
nning and
activity of de
objectives an
ngoing activit
iations from
e project. In o

ct. Test plan

ontrol tasks a
alysis and
esign is the a
ons and test c
d design acti
est basis (suc
architecture
bility of the te
prioritizing tes
ucture of the
rioritizing hig
ssary test da
st environme
ctional tracea
ftware complies
g., software com
are defined to re
Test Pro
exit criteria, i
cution, test l
s test executi
planning the
onsists of the
ecution
eporting
e activities in
thin the cont
d Control (
efining the ob
nd mission.
ty of compar
the plan. It in
order to contr
ning takes in
are defined in
Design (K
activity during
cases.
ivity has the
ch as require
e, design, inte
est basis and
st conditions
e software
gh level test c
ta to support
ent setup and
ability betwee

s or must comply
mplexity, risk as
eflect the importa
Page 15 of
ocess (K
ncident, regr
og, test plan
ion. But to be
tests, desig
following ma
the process
ext of the sy
(K1)
bjectives of te
ing actual pr
nvolves takin
rol testing, th
nto account t
n Chapter 5 o
K1)
g which gene
following ma
ements, softw
erface specif
d test objects
based on an
cases
t the test con
d identifying
en test basis
y with a set of s
ssessment, safe
ance of the soft
78
K1)
ression testin
, test proced
e effective an
ning test cas
ain activities
may overlap
stem and the
esting and th
rogress again
ng actions ne
he testing ac
he feedback
of this syllab
eral testing o

ajor tasks:
ware integrity
fications)
sn
alysis of tes
nditions and
any required
and test cas
stakeholder-sele
ety level, securit
tware to its stak
Q
ng, test basis
dure, test pol
nd efficient, t
ses, preparin
:
p or take plac
e project is u
he specificatio
nst the plan,
ecessary to m
tivities shoul
k from monito
bus.
bjectives are
y level1 (risk
st items, the
test cases
d infrastructu
ses
ected software a
ty level, desired
keholders.
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
35 minut
s, test condit
icy, test suite
test plans sh
ng for execut
ce concurren
usually requir
on of test ac
and reportin
meet the mis
ld be monitor

oring and con

e transformed
level), risk
specification
ure and tools
and/or softwareperformance,
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
tes
tion,
e, test
hould
ion
ntly.
red.
ctivities
ng the
ssion
red
ntrol
d into
n,
-based
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
1.4.3
Test imp
combinin
executio
Test imp
o Fina
o Deve
harn
o Crea
o Verif
o Verif
o Exec
plan
o Logg
unde
o Com
o Repo
a de
was
o Repe

exec
of a
intro
defe
1.4.4
Evaluatin
objective
Evaluatin
o Chec
o Asse
o Writi
1.4.5
Test clos
testware
software
achieved
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Test Imp
plementation
ng the test ca
on, the enviro
plementation
alizing, implem
eloping and
nesses and w
ating test suit
fying that the
fying and up
cuting test pr
ned sequenc
ging the outc
er test, test to
mparing actua
orting discre
efect in the co
executed)
eating test a
cution of a te
corrected tes
oduced in unc
ects (regressi
Evaluatin
ng exit criter
es. This shou
ng exit criter
cking test log

essing if mor
ing a test sum
Test Clos
sure activitie
e, facts and n
e system is re
d, or a mainte
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
plementati
and executio
ases in a par
onment is set
and executio
menting and
prioritizing te
writing autom
tes from the
e test environ
dating bi-dire
rocedures ei
ce
come of test
ools and test
al results with
pancies as in
ode, in speci
ctivities as a
est that previo
st and/or exe
changed are
ion testing)
ng Exit Cr
ia is the activ
uld be done f
ia has the fo
gs against th
re tests are n
mmary repor
sure Activ
s collect data
numbers. Tes
eleased, a te
enance relea
on and Ex
on is the act
rticular order
t up and the

on has the fo
prioritizing t
est procedure
mated test scr
test procedu
nment has be
ectional trace
ther manuall
execution an
tware
h expected r
ncidents and
fied test data
a result of act
ously failed i
ecution of tes
as of the sof
riteria and
vity where te
for each test
llowing majo
he exit criteria
needed or if t
rt for stakeho
vities (K1)
a from comp
st closure ac
est project is
ase has been
Page 16 of
xecution (
ivity where te
r and includin
tests are run
ollowing majo
test cases (in
es, creating t
ripts
ures for effici
een set up co
eability betw
ly or by using
nd recording
results
d analyzing th
a, in the test
tion taken fo
n order to co
sts in order t

ftware or tha
Reporting
est execution
level (see S
or tasks:
a specified in
the exit criter
olders
pleted test ac
ctivities occur
completed (o
n completed
78
K1)
est procedur
ng any other
n.
or tasks:
ncluding the
test data and
ent test exec
orrectly
een the test
g test execut
the identities
hem in order
document, o
r each discre
onfirm a fix (c
to ensure tha
t defect fixin
g (K1)
is assessed
Section 2.2).
n test plannin
ria specified
ctivities to co
r at project m
or cancelled
.
Q
res or scripts
information
identification
d, optionally,
cution
basis and te
tion tools, ac
s and versio

r to establish
or a mistake
epancy, for e
confirmation
at defects ha
g did not unc
d against the
ng
should be ch
nsolidate exp
milestones su
), a mileston
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
s are specifie
needed for t
n of test data
preparing te
est cases
ccording to th
ns of the sof
h their cause
in the way th
example, retesting), exe
ve not been
cover other
defined
hanged
perience,
uch as when
e has been
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
ed by
test
a)
est
he
ftware
(e.g.,
he test
ecution
a
Certif
Founda

Version 2
Internationa
Test clos
o Chec
o Clos
o Docu
o Fina
o Hand
o Anal
o Usin
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
sure activitie
cking which
sing incident
umenting the
alizing and ar
ding over the
lyzing lesson
ng the inform
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
s include the
planned deli
reports or ra
e acceptance
rchiving testw
e testware to
ns learned to
ation gathere
e following m
verables hav
aising change
e of the syste
ware, the tes
o the mainten
o determine c
ed to improv
Page 17 of
major tasks:
ve been deliv
e records for
em
st environmen
nance organi
changes nee

ve test matur
78
vered
r any that rem
nt and the te
ization
eded for futur
ity
Q
main open
est infrastruct
re releases a
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
ture for later
and projects
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
reuse
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
1.5
Terms
Error gue
Backgr
The mind
software
responsi
an indep
carried o
A certain
at finding
develope
be define
o Test
o Test
o Test
team
o Test
certi
People a
by mana
meets its

Identifyin
author. A
in the ma
pessimis
experien
If errors,
testers a
during re
The teste
defects,
defect in
save tim
Commun
unwante
relations
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
The Ps
essing, indep
round
dset to be us
e. With the rig
ibility to a tes
pendent view
out at any lev
n degree of in
g defects and
ers can effici
ed as shown
ts designed b
ts designed b
ts designed b
m) or test spe
ts designed b
fication by a
and projects
agement and
s objectives.
ng failures du
As a result, te
anagement o
sm, a critical
nce on which
defects or fa
and the analy
eviews as we
er and test le

progress an
nformation ca
e and money
nication prob
ed news abou
ships betwee
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
sycholog
pendence
sed while tes
ght mindset d
ster is typica
w by trained a
vel of testing
ndependenc
d failures. Ind
ently find ma
n here from lo
by the perso
by another p
by a person(
ecialists (e.g.
by a person(
n external bo
are driven by
other stakeh
Therefore, it
uring testing
esting is ofte
of product ris
eye, attentio
to base erro
ailures are co
ysts, designe
ell as in testin
eader need g
d risks in a c
an help them
y later, and r
blems may oc
ut defects. H
en testers and
gy of Tes
sting and rev
developers a
lly done to h
and professio

.
ce (avoiding t
dependence
any defects i
ow to high:
n(s) who wro
erson(s) (e.g
s) from a diff
., usability or
s) from a diff
ody)
y objectives.
holders, for e
t is importan
may be perc
en seen as a
sks. Looking
on to detail, g
or guessing.
ommunicate
ers and deve
ng.
good interper
constructive w
m improve the
reduce risks.
ccur, particu
owever, ther
d others:
Page 18 of
sting (K
viewing is diff
are able to te
elp focus eff
onal testing r
the author bi
e is not, howe
n their own c
ote the softw
g., from the d
ferent organi
r performanc
ferent organi
. People tend
example, to f
t to clearly s
ceived as cri
destructive a
for failures i

good commu
d in a constr
lopers can b
rsonal skills
way. For the
eir skills. Defe
.
larly if tester
re are severa
78
2)
ferent from th
est their own
fort and prov
resources. In
as) often ma
ever, a replac
code. Severa
ware under te
development
izational grou
ce test specia
ization or com
d to align the
find defects o
tate the obje
ticism agains
activity, even
n a system r
unication with
ructive way,
be avoided. T
to communic
author of th
ects found a
s are seen o
al ways to im
Q
hat used whi
code, but se
ide additiona
ndependent t
akes the teste
cement for fa
al levels of in
st (low level
t team)
up (e.g., an i
alists)

mpany (i.e.,
eir plans with
or to confirm
ectives of tes
st the produc
n though it is
requires curio
h developme
bad feelings
This applies t
cate factual i
e software o
nd fixed duri
only as mess
mprove comm
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
25 minut
ile developin
eparation of t
al benefits, su
testing may b
er more effec
amiliarity, an
ndependence
of independ
independent
outsourcing
the objectiv
m that softwar
ting.
ct and agains
s very constru
osity, profess
ent peers, an
between the
to defects fou
nformation a
or document,
ing testing w
engers of
munication an
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
tes

g
this
uch as
be
ctive
nd
e can
ence)
t test
or
es set
re
st the
uctive
sional
d
eu
nd
about
will
nd
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
o Start
qual
o Com
pers
findi
o Try t
o Conf
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
t with collabo
ity systems
mmunicate fin
son who crea
ngs
to understan
firm that the
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
oration rathe
ndings on the
ated it, for ex

d how the ot
other person
r than battles
e product in a
ample, write
ther person f
n has unders
Page 19 of
s remind e
a neutral, fac
objective an
feels and wh
stood what yo
78
everyone of th
ct-focused w
nd factual inc
y they react
ou have said
Q
he common
way without cr
cident reports
as they do
d and vice ve
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
goal of bette
riticizing the
s and review
ersa
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
er
w
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
1.6
Involvem
code of e
inapprop
following
PUBLIC

CLIENT
of their c
PRODUC
and syst
JUDGME
judgmen
MANAG
ethical a
PROFES
consiste
COLLEA
promote
SELF - C
professio
Refere
1.1.5 Bl
1.2 Beiz
1.3 Beiz
1.4 Hetz
1.4.5 Bl
1.5 Blac
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Code o
ment in softw
ethics is nec
priate use. Re
g code of eth
- Certified so
AND EMPLO
client and em
CT - Certified
tems they tes
ENT- Certifie
nt
EMENT - Ce
approach to t
SSION - Cer
nt with the p
AGUES - Cer
cooperation
Certified softw
on and shall
ences
ack, 2001, K
zer, 1990, Bla
zer, 1990, He

zel, 1988
ack, 2001, C
ck, 2001, Het
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
of Ethics
are testing e
essary, amo
ecognizing th
ics:
oftware teste
OYER - Cert
mployer, cons
d software te
st) meet the
ed software t
ertified softwa
he managem
rtified softwar
ublic interest
rtified softwa
n with softwa
ware testers
promote an
Kaner, 2002
ack, 2001, M
etzel, 1988, M
Craig, 2002
tzel, 1988
se
nables indiv
ong other rea
he ACM and
ers shall act
tified softwar
sistent with th
esters shall e
highest profe
testers shall
are test man
ment of softw
re testers sh
t
are testers sh
re developer
shall particip
ethical appro
Myers, 1979

Myers, 1979
Page 20 of
viduals to lea
asons to ensu
d IEEE code
consistently
re testers sha
he public inte
ensure that th
essional stan
maintain inte
nagers and le
ware testing
all advance
hall be fair to
rs
pate in lifelon
oach to the p
78
rn confidenti
ure that the i
of ethics for
with the pub
all act in a m
erest
he deliverab
ndards possi
egrity and ind
eaders shall
the integrity
and support
ng learning r
practice of th
Q
al and privile
nformation is
engineers, th
blic interest
manner that is
les they prov
ble
dependence
subscribe to
and reputatio
tive of their c
regarding the
e profession
Internatio
Software Te

Qualifications
31-Ma
10 minut
eged informa
s not put to
he ISTQB st
s in the best
vide (on the p
in their profe
and promot
on of the pro
colleagues, a
e practice of
n
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
tes
ation. A
ates the
interests
products
essional
e an
ofession
and
their
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
2. T
Cycle
Learni
The obje
2.1 Sof
LO-2.1.1
LO-2.1.2
LO-2.1.3
2.2 Tes
LO-2.2.1
2.3 Tes
LO-2.3.1
LO-2.3.2
LO-2.3.3
LO-2.3.4
LO-2.3.5
2.4 Ma

LO-2.4.1
LO-2.4.2
LO-2.4.3
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Testing
e (K2)
ing Objec
ectives identi
ftware Dev
1 Explain t
developm
2 Recogni
of projec
3 Recall ch
st Levels (
1 Compare
typical ta
who test
st Types (
1 Compare
related)
2 Recogni
3 Identify a
(K2)
4 Identify a
or archite
5 Describe
intenance
1 Compare
with resp
2 Recogni
(K1)
3. Describe
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
g Throug
ctives for
fy what you
velopmen
the relations
ment life cyc
ze the fact th
ct and produc
haracteristics
(K2)

e the differen
argets of test
t, types of de
K2)
e four softwa
by example
ze that funct
and describe
and describe
ecture (K2)
e the purpose
e Testing (
e maintenan
pect to test ty
ze indicators
e the role of r
ghout th
r Testing
will be able t
nt Models (
hip between
cle, by giving
hat software
ct characteris
s of good tes
nt levels of te
ting (e.g., fun
efects and fa
are test types
(K2)
tional and str
e non-functio
e test types b
e of confirma
(K2)
ce testing (te
ypes, trigger
s for mainten
regression te
Page 21 of
he Softw
Througho
to do followin
(K2)
developmen
examples us
developmen
stics (K1)
sting that are

esting: major
nctional or st
ilures to be id
s (functional,
ructural tests
onal test type
based on the
ation testing
esting an exi
s for testing
nance testing
esting and im
78
ware Lif
out the S
ng the compl
nt, test activit
sing project a
nt models mu
e applicable t
r objectives,
tructural) and
dentified (K2
, non-functio
s occur at an
es based on n
e analysis of a
and regress
sting system
and amount
g (modificatio
mpact analys
Q
fe 1
Software L
letion of each
ties and wor
and product
ust be adapte
to any life cy
typical objec
d related wor
2)
nal, structura
y test level (
non-function
a software sy
ion testing (K
m) to testing a

of testing (K
on, migration
is in mainten
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
1 15 min
Life Cycle
h module.
k products in
types (K2)
ed to the con
ycle model (K
cts of testing,
rk products,
al and chang
K1)
al requireme
ystems struc
K2)
a new applic
K2)
and retirem
nance (K2)
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
utes
en
the
ntext
K1)
,p
eople
geents
cture
ation
ent)
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
2.1
Terms
Commer
verificati
Backgr

Testing d
Different
2.1.1
Although
correspo
The four
o Com
o Integ
o Syst
o Acce
In practic
dependin
integratio
Software
design d
more tes
(CMMI) o
test desi
2.1.2
Iterativeand testi
Applicati
system t
iteration.
which sh
first one.
2.1.3
In any lif
o For e
o Each
o The
deve
o Test
deve
Test leve
architect
product
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Softwa
rcial Off-Theon, V-model
round
does not exis
t developmen
V-model
h variants of
onding to the
r levels used

mponent (unit
gration testin
tem testing
eptance testi
ce, a V-mode
ng on the pro
on testing aft
e work produ
documents an
st levels. Ref
or Software
gn) can be c
Iterative-incremental
ing a system
ion Developm
that is produc
. An increme
hould also be
. Verification
Testing w
fe cycle mod
every develo
h test level h
analysis and
elopment act
ters should b
elopment life
els can be co
ture. For exa
into a system
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
are Deve
-Shelf (COTS
st in isolation
nt life cycle m
(Sequent
the V-model
e four develop
in this syllab
t) testing
ng
ing
el may have
oject and the
ter compone
ucts (such as

nd code) pro
ferences for g
life cycle pro
carried out du
-incremen
developmen
m in a series o
ment (RAD),
ced using the
ent, added to
e tested. Reg
and validatio
within a L
el, there are
opment activi
has test objec
d design of te
tivity
be involved in
cycle
ombined or r
ample, for the
m, the purcha
elopmen
S), iterative-i
n; test activiti
models need
ial Develo
l exist, a com
pment levels
bus are:
more, fewer
e software pr
ent testing, an
s business sc
oduced durin
generic work
ocesses (IEE
uring the dev
ntal Develo
nt is the proc
of short deve
Rational Un
ese models m
others deve
gression test
on can be ca
ife Cycle M
several cha

ity there is a
ctives specifi
ests for a giv
n reviewing d
reorganized d
e integration
aser may per
Page 22 of
nt Model
incremental
ies are relate
d different ap
opment Mo
mmon type of
s.
r or different
roduct. For e
nd system in
cenarios or u
g developme
k products in
EE/IEC 1220
velopment of
opment M
cess of estab
elopment cyc
nified Process
may be teste
eloped previo
ing is increas
arried out on
Model (K2
racteristics o
correspondi
ic to that leve
ven test level
documents a
depending o
of a Comme
rform integra
78
s (K2)
developmen
ed to softwar
proaches to
odel) (K2)
f V-model us
levels of dev
xample, ther

ntegration tes
use cases, re
ent are often
clude Capab
07). Verificat
f the software
odels (K2
blishing requi
cles. Exampl
s (RUP) and
ed at several
ously, forms a
singly import
each increm
2)
of good testin
ng testing ac
el
should begi
as soon as dr
n the nature
ercial Off-The
ation testing a
Q
t model, vali
re developme
testing.
ses four test
velopment an
re may be co
sting after sy
equirements s
the basis of
bility Maturity
ion and valid
e work produ
)
irements, de
es are: proto
agile develo
test levels d
a growing pa
tant on all ite
ment.
ng:
ctivity
in during the
rafts are ava
of the projec

e-Shelf (COT
at the system
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
20 minut
dation,
ent activities
levels,
nd testing,
omponent
ystem testing
specification
f testing in on
y Model Integ
dation (and e
ucts.
signing, build
otyping, Rap
opment mode
during each
artial system
erations after
correspondi
ilable in the
ct or the syst
TS) software
m level (e.g.,
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
tes
.
g.
ns,
ne or
gration
early
ding
id
els. A
,
r the
ing
tem
Certif
Founda

Version 2
Internationa
integratio
(function
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
on to the infr
nal and/or no
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
rastructure a
on-functional,
nd other sys
, and user an
Page 23 of
tems, or sys
nd/or operati
78
stem deploym
onal testing)
Q
ment) and ac
).
Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
cceptance tes
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
sting
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
2.2
Terms
Alpha te
integratio
test envi
Backgr
For each
product(
being tes

and spec
Testing a
2.2.1
Test bas
o Com
o Deta
o Code
Typical t
o Com
o Prog
o Data
o Data
Compon
verifies t
testable.
developm
Compon
such as
structura
specifica
Typically
developm
testing u
they are
One app
called a
based on
executin
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Test Le
sting, beta te
on, integratio
ronment, tes
round
h of the test l
s) being refe
sted), typical
cific approac
a systems c
Compon
sis:
mponent requ
ailed design
e
test objects:
mponents

grams
a conversion
abase modul
nent testing (a
the functionin
. It may be do
ment life cyc
nent testing m
resource-be
al testing (e.g
ation of the c
y, componen
ment environ
usually involv
found, witho
proach to com
test-first app
n cycles of d
g the compo
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
evels (K
esting, comp
on testing, no
st level, test-d
evels, the fo
erenced for d
l defects and
ches and res
onfiguration
ent Testin
uirements
/ migration p
es
also known a
ng of, softwa
one in isolati
le and the sy
may include t
havior (e.g.,
g., decision c
omponent, th
t testing occ
nment, such
ves the progr
out formally m
mponent test
proach or tes

eveloping te
onent tests co
K2)
ponent testing
on-functional
driven devel
ollowing can b
deriving test c
d failures to b
ponsibilities.
data shall be
ng (K2)
programs
as unit, modu
are modules,
ion from the
ystem. Stubs
testing of fun
searching fo
coverage). Te
he software
curs with acce
as a unit tes
rammer who
managing the
ting is to pre
st-driven deve
est cases, the
orrecting any
Page 24 of
g, driver, field
l requiremen
opment, use
be identified
cases (i.e., th
be found, tes
e considered
ule or progra
programs, o
rest of the sy
s, drivers and
nctionality an
or memory le
est cases are
design or the
ess to the co
t framework
wrote the co
ese defects.

pare and aut

elopment. Th
en building a
y issues and
78
d testing, fun
nt, robustness
er acceptance
: the generic
he test basis
st harness re
d during test
am testing) s
objects, class
ystem, depe
d simulators
nd specific no
eaks) or robu
e derived fro
e data mode
ode being tes
or debuggin
ode. Defects
tomate test c
his approach
nd integratin
iterating unt
Q
nctional requ
s testing, stu
e testing
c objectives, t
s), the test ob
quirements a
planning,
earches for d
ses, etc., tha
nding on the
may be used
on-functional
ustness testin
om work prod
l.
sted and with
g tool. In pr
are typically
cases before
h is highly ite
ng small piec

til they pass.

Internatio
Software Te
Qualifications
31-Ma
40 minut
uirement,
ub, system te
the work
bject (i.e., wh
and tool supp
defects in, an
t are separat
e context of t
d.
l characterist
ng, as well as
ducts such as
h the support
actice, comp
y fixed as soo
e coding. This
rative and is
ces of code, a
nal
esting
s Board
ar-2011
tes
esting,
hat is
port,
nd
tely
he
tics,
s
a
t of a
ponent
on as
s is
sa
nd
Certif
Founda
Version 2
Internationa
2.2.2

Test bas
o Softw
o Arch
o Wor
o Use
Typical t
o Subs
o Data
o Infra
o Inter
o Syst
Integratio
system,
There m
varying s
1. Com
after
2. Syst
hard
orga
Busi
issue
The grea
compone
Systema
bottom-u
or compo
be increm
Testing o
testing a
At each
are integ
the modu
testing. B
Ideally, t
tests are
order req
fied Teste
ation Level Sy
2011
al Software Testing Q
Integratio
sis:
ware and sys
hitecture
kflows
cases
test objects:
systems

abase implem
astructure
rfaces
tem configura
on testing te
such as the
ay be more t
size as follow
mponent integ
r component
tem integratio
dware and so
anization may
ness proces
es may be si
ater the scop
ent or system
atic integratio
up), functiona
onents. In or
mental rathe
of specific no
as well as fun
stage of inte
grating modu
ules, not the
Both function
testers shoul
e planned be
quired for mo
er
yllabus
Qualifications Board
on Testing
stem design
mentation
ation and co
sts interface
operating sy
than one lev
ws:
gration testin
testing
on testing te
oftware and m
y control only
sses impleme
ignificant.
pe of integrat

m, which may
on strategies
al tasks, tran
rder to ease
er than big b
on-functional
nctional testin
egration, teste
ule A with mo
functionality
nal and struc
d understand
fore compon
ost efficient t
g (K2)
nfiguration d
s between c
ystem, file sy
vel of integrat
ng tests the in
sts the intera
may be done
y one side of
ented as wor
tion, the mor
y lead to incr
may be bas
nsaction proc
fault isolation
ang.
l characterist
ng.
ers concentr
odule B they
y of the indivi
ctural approa
d the archite
nents or syste
testing.
Page 25 of
data
omponents,
ystem and