Philippine History Reviewer

Reasons why economy developed slowly:

Chapter 6 Challenges to Spain Authority

1.
2.
3.
4.

Reasons for Revolution

Spanish imposed policies
Bankaw Revolt intolerance against
the friars
Dagohoy forced labor (his brother
was not given a Christian burial)
Andres Malong Return to his old
Religion
Juan Dela Cruz Palaris tribute
Juan Ponce Sumuroy forced labor
Diego & Gabriela Silang tribute, polo,
& wanted to engage in Galleon Trade
Magalat tribute collection
Apolinario Dela Cruz Religion

Economic Society of Friends of the Country

in 1781 and Royal Company in 1785
Basi revolt one of the bloodiest uprisings
ever recorded during this period.
Laissez faire or Let alone policy
gave full freedom to private individuals and
firms to engage in economic activities w/o
much interference from the govt.

1. Pockets of Revolt
2. No unity
3. Inferior weapons

beginnings

and

Jose Basco y Vargas appointed gov.gen of

phil. In 1778 he encouraged the cultivation of
crops for export. (Indigo, coffee, cocoa, sugar,
hemp, mulberry, trees, spices and cotton)

Reasons for Defeat:

Chapter 8
nationalism

Incompetence of Spanish officials

Graft and greed
Restrictive economic policies
Constant quarrels bet. Civil
ecclesiastical authorities

Nicholas Loney introduced the 1st modern

machinery that converted sugar cane into
refined sugar.
of

Factors that affect Filipino Nationalism

Filipino

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Archbishop Manuel Rojo acting gov.gen

when british bombarded intramuros, malate,
ermita and luneta on Sept. 22, 1762
Diego Silang an Ilocano who rose in revolt.
He was able to expel Spaniards and declared
himself King of Ilocos

Rise of the Filipino Middle Class

Educations of some Filipinos
Opening of suez canal
Liberalism
Secularization
Cavite Mutiny
Execution of Gomburza

Inquilinos or the tenants increase in

agriculture exports they began to accumulate
wealth.

Gabriela Silang wife of diego that carried

her husbands fight but later captured and
hanged.

Middle class group below the aristocrat

Spanish officials, families and religious orders
but higher than the masses

Juan Dela Cruz Palaris 1762 led a revolt in

pangasinan.

Ilustrados wealthy and highly educated

Filipinos
1

Insulares Spaniards born in the Phil.

Governor general Carlos Maria De la Torre

in 1869 put into practice the liberal principles
of revolutionists in Spain.

Peninsulares / Espanoles Spaniards born

in spain, working and residing in our country.

1. Abolished censorship of press

2. Abolished flogging as punishment
3. Solved agrarian unrest

Mestizos / indios the rest / natives

2 events foreshadowed the
consciousness of the masses:

developing

He is the best governor general the

Philippines has ever had.

1. Tagalong publication of Florante and

Laura
by
Francisco
Baltazar/
Balagtas. There was reference for the
1st time to the country as oppressed and
in need of freedom.
2. Revolt by Apolinario dela Cruz or
Hermano Pule in tayabas in 1841.

Rafael de Izquierdo appointed gov.gen in

1871. With a cross in one hand and a sword in
the other
Regular priests belonged to the religious
orders like Dominican, recollects, Augustinians
and Franciscans.

Confradia disguised as aimed to revive the

ancient catalonan teachings w/in the Catholic
Church.

Secular priests not members of any

religious order

Hermano Pule so popular they called him

the kings of the Tagalogs.

Friar curates member of religious orders

that occupied parishes.

Schools:

Secularization / Filipinization denying the

native clergy the right to administer the
parishes occupied by the regulars

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

San juan de letran

San jose
San felipe
University of santo tomas
Others

Father Pedro Pablo Pelaez leader of the

Filipino campaign to secularize the parishes.
Father Jose A. Burgos the one who
succeeded the leadership.

Schools of women:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Collge of santa potenciana

Santa Isabel college
Santa rosa college
Others

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Suez Canal in 1869

Shorter route and travel time bet. Spain
and Philippines
influx of progressive books and
periodicals
liberal ideas
Encourage many Filipinos to go to
Europe.

Father Jacinto Zamora

Mariano Gomez
Toribio Del Pilar
Mariano Sevilla
Pedro Dandan
Jose Guevara

Cavite Mutiny on Jan. 20, 1872 revocation

of the privilege of shipyard workers to be
exempted from forced labor and from tribute by
gov.gen izquierdo
Criollos Spaniards born in Mexico and exiled
in Cavite.
2

La Madrid military sergeant who led it.

Cruel Spanish writers:

Execution of GomBurZa: Feb. 17, 1872

marched from Fort Santiago to Bagumbayan
Field.

1. Pablo Feced
2. Wenceslao E. Petena
Demands of the Filipino Reformists:

1. Zamora
2. Gomez
3. Burgos

1. Representation in Spanish cortes

2. Right to vote
3. Freedom of speech, assembly and
press
4. Freedom of commerce
5. Removal of friars in the Phil.
6. Education
7. Reforms in the jails
8. Abolition of diezmos pediales tithe
consisting if one-tenth of the produce of
the land.

Chapter 9 campaign for reforms

Propaganda Movement in 1882 to 1892
Cortes Spanish law making body
Assimilation the move to make the
Philippines a province of Spain and granting of
Spanish citizenship to Filipinos.

JOSE RIZAL

Important Filipino Reformists:

Born June 19,1861

Studied in Ateneo Municipal and UST
Age of 26 wrote: Noli me Tangere or
Touch me not exposed the defects of
the Spanish administration
El Filibsterismo or the Rebel
expressed his political ideas and the
coming of revolution
Founded La Liga Filipina a patriotic
society
Died December 30, 1986

1. Graciano Lopez Jaena great orator

2. Jose Rizal great thinker and writer
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar great political
analyst and journalists
GRACIANO LOPEZ JEANA
Born December 18, 1856
Placid Lopez & Maria Jacobo Jaena
Seminary of Jaro to be a priest
Later be a physician
Fray Botod friar who is greedy,
immoral and cruel
Founded newspaper: La Solidaridad
Its 1st editor
Died January 20, 1896

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

the greatest journalist produced by the
purely Filipino race
Born August 30, 1850
Studied: College of San Jose and UST
1882
founded
tagalong
Spanish
newspaper Diariong Tagalog
Become editor of La Solidaridad
La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas
(Monastic
Sovereignity
in
the
Philippines)
La Frailocracia Filipina (Frailocracy in
the Philippines)
Died July 4, 1896

Aims of the newspaper:

1. Fight reaction
2. Stop all efforts that keep the Philippines
a backward country
3. Extol liberal ideas
4. Defend progress
3

Circulo Hispano Filipino (The Spanish

Filipino Circle) Revista Del Circulo Hispano
Filipino (Journal of the Spanish Filipino
Circle)

Why the reform movement failed:

1. Officials in Spain were too busy with
their own problems to listen
2. Did not have necessary financial means
w/ w/c to make their campaign effective
3. Reformists themselves are not united
4. Friars in the Philippines had influential
friends and supporters in Spain

Asociacion Hispano Filipina in 1889

composed of Filipinos and Spaniards who
sympathized w/ the Filipino cause.
Freemasonry has an anti-friar character
Revolucion a Filipino Masonic lodge in
Barcelona in 1889

Chapter 10 Bonifacio and the Katipunan

KKK Kataastaasan kagalanggalang na
katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan (supreme
and venerable association of the sons of the
people) July 7, 1892

La Solidaridad another Masonic lodge

founded in Madrid
Nilad a Masonic lodge in Manila in 1891

Triangle method method of recruiting

members in the society

Aims of the organization:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Freedom and prosperity

Good government
Representation
Establish Philippines as a province of
Spain

Enlisting of Members change in recruiting

members based on masonry
3 primary objectives of the Katipunan:
1. Civic self-help and defense of the
weak and the poor
2. Political separation of Philippines
from Spain
3. Moral teaching of good manners,
hygiene, and good moral character

35 Masonic Lodges in the Philippines

Walana Women Masonic lodge
LA LIGA FILIPINA
Aims of la liga Filipina:
1. Unite the whole archipelago
2. Give mutual protection to all members
3. Encourage agriculture, Commerce and
education
4. Defend members against violence
5. Study and apply reforms
Supreme council
Provincial council
Popular council

The Katipunan Government

3 Governing Bodies:
1. Supreme Council / Kataastaasang
Sanggunian
2. Provincial Council / Sangguniang Bayan
3. Popular
Council
/
Sangguniang
Balangay

Monthly due of ten centavos

Cuerpo de Compromisarios
Compromisers

(Body

Judicial Council / Sangguniang Hukuman

the one that passed judgment on members
who violated the rules of the society

of

Katipunan Assembly composed of the

members of the supreme council and the
presidents of the municipal and popular
councils.

Candido Iban & Francisco del Castillo who

won Php 1,000 in a lottery and gave katipunan
the money to buy the printing press.
Printing press was purchased for Php 400

Secret chamber
-

Ulpiano Fernandez & Faustino Duque 2

experienced printers managed the press.

Composed of Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto

and Pio Valenzuela
Sentenced the members who exposed
the secrets of the Katipunan

Kalayaan name of the newspaper suggested

by Dr. Pio Valenzuela

Katipunan Elections:

Yokohama as guise place of publication

1st president/supremo Deodato Arellano

Marcelo H. Del Pilar editor

2nd president/supremo Roman Basa

Real name
Jacinto

3rd president/supremo Andres Bonifacio

Bonifacio
Valenzuela
Rizal

Membership:
3 kinds:

Mariano Ponce

1. 1st grade katipon Anak ng Bayan

2. 2nd grade kawal Gom-Bur-Za
3. 3rd grade bayani Rizal

Pen name
Pingkian & Dimas ilaw
Agapito Bagumbayan
Madlang - away
Dimas Alang & Laong
Laan
Tikbalang, Naning &
Kalipulako
Taga-Ilog
Plaridel
Jomapa

The Katipunan Flags:

Antonio Luna
Marcelo Del Pilar
Jose Ma. Panganiban

Benita Rodriguez the one requested to

make the flag for the Katipunan.

The revolution of 1896 / katipunan revolution

Gregoria De Jesus bonifacios wife who

helped Benita to make the flag.

Bonifacio a leading thinker of the revolution

of 1896

Katungkulang gagawin ng mga anak ng

bayan / Duties of the sons of the people
guide of the katipuneros in leading a highly
moral life that bonifacio prepared.

Chapter 11 the revolution of 1896

Department of war Php 6,500,000
For Public Works Php 628,752.46

Kartilla 13 teachings by Emilio Jacinto

Father Mariano Gil parish curate of tondo

and was the one who had earlier warned
Spanish officials about the existence of a
secret society.

Women members of katipunan:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Josefa Rizal
Gregoria De Jesus
Marina Dizon
Angelica Lopez Rizal
Gregoria De jesus

Teodoro Patino the whistle blower of the

katipunan and told it to her sister, the latter told
5

the madre portera of the orphanage that advise

teodoro to tell it to father marinano gil

The Tejeros Convention (March 22, 1897)

agreed to form a new government.

Diario de Manila printing shop where they

found receipts and evidence pointing to the
existence of a secret society

Daniel Tirona member of Madgalo and sain

that Jose del Rosario was more qualified than
bonifacio.

Francisco L. Roxas an insulares was asked

to support the society but resisted to help
them.

The result of the election in the tejeros

convention is null and void.
Acto de Tejeros (Minutes of Tejeros) /
Tejeros Resolution it indicated the reasons
for ejecting the result mainly the fraud
committed by the magdalo people

Sitio Pugadlawin a huge meeting was held

at the yard of Juan A. Ramos, son of Melchora
Aquino / Tandang Sora the Mother of the
Katipunan.

Naik
Military
Agreement

government would be established

Cry of the Pugadlawin Aug. 23 where

they tear they cedulas and shouted long live
the Philippines! Long live the Katipunan.

Colonel Agapito Bonzon headed the party

to contact bonifacio.

First 8 provinces rose in arms: (gov.gen

Ramon Blanco issued a decree under martial
law)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

another

General Pio del Pilar & General Mariano

Noriel persuaded Aguinaldo to withdraw the
commutation letter for the reason that cant be
divided at such time of war.

Cavite
Manila
Laguna
Batangas
Bulacan
Pampanga
Tarlac
Nueva Ecija

May 10, 1897 major lazaro macapagal

broght them to Mount Tala and executed
Gov. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja succeeded
Gov. Gen Ramon Blanco grew tired of fighting
and asked to be relieved.

Those who would surrender w/in 48 hours will

not be tried by military court.

Gov. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera the

successor of Camilo de polavieja and took
personal charge at the military campaign

Rizals Execution Dec. 30, 1896

Biak na Bato Republic established by

Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo young mayor of the town

of Kawit (Heneral Miong) and defeated
general Ernesto de Aguirre on Sept. 5, 1896

Felix Ferrer & Isabelo Artacho copied word

for word the Cuban Constitution of Jimaguaya
except one article.

2 factions of Katipunan in Cavite:

1. Magdiwang Mariano Alvarez
favored the retention of katipunan
2. Magdalo Baldomero Aguinaldo
favored a change in the katipunan
structure.

Pedro A. Paterno offered himself as

mediator to gov. gen primo de rivera.
Truce of Biak na Bato:
6

1st document November 18, 1897

2nd document December 14, 1897
3rd document December 15, 1897
1. Aguinaldo and his men would go into
voluntary exile
2. Primo would pay Aguinaldo Php800,000
in 3 installments
3. Additional Php 900,000 to the families of
non-combatant Filipinos suffered.
General Francisco Makabulos of Tarlac
who was suspicious of Spanish motives
organize an independent government and a
constitution Makabulos Constitution.