512

BALANCE OF RECIPROCATING MASSES 51II

BALANCE OF MACHINERY

lhe speed at which the rotor is to operaie A snall unbalance of mass may be
tolerable at lop speed srne the jnenia force represenling unbalance ma) be
small. bur becau\e rhe unb.lan.ed lorce increasi' a' rhe square ol Lhe speed. lhe
unbalance kansrnitted to the beaflngs may be Large at high speed. The rotor of
a jet engne operalLng atgrealer than 10,000 rpm, for example, nust be balanced
to a high degree. Fo. such roto!:, the individual compressor and turbine blades

i.

pairs at opposite locations on the rotor Ln such a way that, ifone

blade is danaged, the pair is replaced to restore balance
a.e balanced

\.The p.incipl on wbich dlnamic balancing machines are based

Fir

rhe .nop

ior rcbalancin8. in ttch

cjses ldd bala4148

nun be used Tne ilirial

this.mthod or barancns_was
y-"j:
a."t"p*-,
"r of ttris nethod are gived bv tr::t,^11
'iecentiescriptions
and bJ Shisley:and
Hirschhorn: :Lri::.1:t]

10.5 BALANCE OF RECIPROCATING

MASSES

sho*n in

I0. 10. _De rotor to be dynamically baldced is supponed on flexible springs

ro
oscinatio;
is idro d

roror is

lbe
rhe

the

mo sPrin

oscrllat
wlnch

ilh
of

tes lhe

idtant

ial

and the ampltudi is mardmum After the amounl and angllar posilLon of the
unbalan@ is read. the.otor 6 lenoved from the machine and mateiialis added
by solderLng masses to i( o. is removed by d.illing holes As shovn in Fig r0 10,
nraterial is usually added or removed at lwo specific localions where il is not
injur'ous to the rotor sudace- In electric notor armaiurs, fo! example, il is not
llqals possible to add or renove malerialin the region of the electrical windingsLong rotors such as amarures, c.ankshafts, and jet engine.oto6 are balanced
in machines of this kind
It is often necessary to baladce a rotor that is too lalge to be handled in a
balancing machine or to balance a rotor assernbled in its own beanngs Also,
when a unii js being rebuilt, it may be rhpraclical to transpon lhe rotor back Io

FICURE 1O.II

Et Theane, DynrnicBalancinginlheFicld lda lJr,E

rr

Hi^chhom,

Dlanid o/Mc.[ii.4

/oattuloJ EnSk"tihslot Innaq

Bah6 and Noble Ne* York' 1963'p 34

rr J ShrgleylndJ I Urcke\Thea"oIitaAj'6orl M'd@irj- lLcq +lill N'c'lqk lgm

FIGURE

IO.1O

514

BAL"{NC OF MACHTNERY

BAI_ANCE OF

REcrlRocAm{c MAssEs
511

conne.ting tbe engine btock to lhe supporting frane, the oscillations duo
shaking couple may be isolated from the frane for cerrain shaking couph

isu!e 10.12 show! a tygicat arregemenr of cran*. in a six{ylDder in-tino

ln this engjne, (he crlnkr are fD(ed ar 120. ro eactr otber as showD and
cqank pans ale the same as to size, shape, aod weight. As shopn in tbo
of Fig 10 12, the inertia force F of the individuar reciprocating masses aro
al-.j ::.= tic lclowing equation:

"*.,(-.'.:-.,,)
which M is the combined dailes Mr ald M4 for a siDde g.liDder, a is th!
Intth, is rhe @mecting{od tength, @ is rhe qDk algltar velcity, and
is the craDt dgle trom l.D.c. (rop dead cf,Drer)
Ar rbe table io FiB. 10. U sho*r, rbe arratrtede otcrark for a sir_cltjrdcr
.Dgine i5 such rhar rhe reulranr or $e sn iDrnia for6 is zro for tte plxition
of the qekshalt CiveD by 0r = 20e. n may be shom thar de rEuhani is zro
for a'l positions ol lhe crankshaft- Thus, no shaung foEe is transnined ro ftrj

1::

'r=oa777b

*J,i

,'

t20
22$
I
s
620

+0
t4C

260

904

0 766

+0

-0_766

+0,174

-0

t74

+0_19t

+l l3l

-0.235

-0
-0

t7,1

-o

>=0
FIGURE 10.12

+0 ?66
-0.940
940

+0 044
-Q 735
+0191

t=0

)=0

409
721

-0.722

+1450
52s

-925
-925
-525

-o 409
+r l3l

+t450

>=0

t=0

ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF UNBAT"ANCE

516 BAIANCE OF MACHINERY

10.6 ANALYIICAL DETERMINATION

"

cos e, and sin

oF UNBALANCE

Analyticdl merhods are arai aole lor the deler,nrnallon ot r}le unbalance or rhe
\haking fo!.c of a multicylindr enginer'lhe nethod lad. r. sinple algebmic
expressions which Bive the magnrlude and sense oi unbalan@ as a tunction of
crank positior 8,- Crnk posirroD of a multicylinder ensine in rhe ensine cycle h
given by tbe crank angle 6, of the fi61cyli.der as shown in Frg. 10.13. In automotive engines, the first cylinder is.at thefrontend, aDd 0, is measured clock'ri*
in the direction of rolation when lie\{ed fron fie ftont end
The followiag analyli.al derivatioD applies only lo intine iyps or engines
in ehich dre cllinders are in line oD the same ide ofihe cradkshafi. The reciF
r@ating nas M and the R/, ratio is the sane for each cylinder
As shoqal.in Fig 10 13,8, ofthe first crank locares rhe clockwis posirion
of the dalcshaJt in Lhe elginE cycle, dr and 0r de the fixed ansles of crdks 2
and 3, respctively, measured clockwise fron crark ! Alrhougl three cyliDders
are shown;n Fig 10.13, any number of cylinders may be @nsidered- The inenia
force Fof ady siven cyhnder at 0 is

:,

e' are constant ior all terms of rhe summatiori.

= MR@:lGc e)

,r r, = M f "'tGos

20,)

o+M

f .,

F=F,+F,

MRd'? cos 0 and 4 = (.R:/L)o, cos 2e

The sumnrarion of the inertia forces ofa mullicylinde. engi.e is rhe resuiranr
force or lhaki.g lorce S, \chich represenrs rhe unbalance:

(r0.r)

In some engines, rhe pnmaryforces may be balanced although rhe secondary

fo.ces mal, nor The reverse may also be rhe case The equarion of unbalance ot
p.imary torces is developed as follows, in whrch 0 = 0r + O.
Fo

= ; ,Y71": -. U
= MRor : cos 0
= MRo: : cos (0r + d)
= MRo': : IGs o,Xcos d)

(cos

20)

Gin 2e,)

Gin

2o)l

\ie$nq rhe ena ne o' f,e l0 ljfiontheside ir m"\ be seen lhdL lhe line of
action;i rhe r;ul,anr shdl,rne 1o(e rn rhe a$o ol4ne mal nor liF on a I'ne or
symneLrybetweentbemainbearings Moreover,the
S nav he rhifline dxiallv tn rhe arial plane as a lunc
eneine o'cillaesln an end ovet "nd
'orarronalnod'
be deternined fion the PrinciPle of moments tn ter
and a secondarv momenl Ci. iD which moments ar taken *ith respect to a
refercn.e Dlane ar rhe fi'sr cylinder' In Ir8 l0 lJ . L rhe dr'ran(e from lhe
;Lne ro rhe line of acrion or rhe inenra lor(e or "nl given cvlinder'
'eferencr

C,-tF'3=MRdiIi,cos)
= MRol[(cos oJ : (, cos d) -

MtL'

11"* ze,;

td cos 2+)

Gin 0

):

G;n 20,)

The distanceax

(10.11)

(d sin d)]

(a sin 2+)l

q+c,
Gin o,)Gin O)l

(10.10)

:@s0=0

a=

(10.9)

GiD O)l

Anorher mode olshaktng musl be mnsidered for multicyl'nde. engines Bv

wle.e Fp =

(10.6)

(10,?

S=:F=:,ff+:4

Gin 0,)

tcos2$=0

The two rrght-hand tefms in Eq l0 6 ale the li6r tko rems of a series,
th. renaiiilrB terds ol which are uslally cons;dered negligible The firsr rerril
(first ha.monic) is known as the primary force 4 and the second te.m (second
harnonic) as the seconda.v fo.ce F.. Thus.

:stn26 =
cos 20

(ms ,D

Il may b. seeo 6om E4s 10.

of cmnks h a muldcylinder nFne
t si! +,: cDs2d, ard: sin2O maY
b.one tuncrions onlY of er. lt maY
for@, fie fouowing summations must all be zero

/D

cos

The equahon of unbaldce of secondarv fors is simila. in form.

M,ad:icdo+;cosro]
= M.R.,

517

oftbe line ofaqion ofthe slrakingiolce

(10.12)
(10.13)

may be

deler

ined

518

ANALyTTCAL DETERMINATToN

BA!-ANCE OF MAC[m!ER1

oF UNBALANCE

from the rsultant moment C about rhe reference plaDe as fouowsl

'.s

rhe

(10.14)

!nbatee.t offte

mas otrhe @nv.qdants aE at l8{r. Dercmind

r.ciprocarin8

!r Fit. 10 14, in wh,cb

I stcting @uple.

the

FIGUR!

.Sofufion. The hled eeies 6 de shown m Fig. tO.]4 Ir shoutd b. notcd rhat. ahholstr
6, and d, are /ero. rheu coqne funcrions are uniry and mur be taren inlo a@unr in
eguations thar deleimine trnbalance The foltowing summarjons are nade ro deremin

IO.I.I

ri.

lle

osb6

$hich appar in the egualions of unbalance:

:@sO =

IO

>sin6=0+0+0+0:0
tos26=t+1+l+1=4
:sin24=0+0+0+0=0

r 4 - Mx,{(@s 0,x0)
)

t = l-

2 F, =

t(cos 2BL)ra)

4ry

+ 120) : 24
= 0(0) + 4(0) + 8(0) + 12(0) = 0

> (, cos 2S) = 0(l) + a(r) + 80)

nay be seen that rhe primary forc* are balaned

Gin 0,x0)l

and l0 12:

t (, @s d) = 0(1) + a(-1) + 8( 1)+12(1)=0

> (d sin {) = 0(o) + a(0) + 8(0) + 12(0) = 0

I - I+I =0

By reie rng ro Eqs 10 9 and 10 10, ir

and that lhe sKndary locs are not:

ll

(,

sm 2S)

elel,na to Eq .

utour rtr"

'eren"..

.O

'I tld

p,.e ,na

lhat rhe primarv momenr' irP /ero

MR''')@s __
tr\
L

C=q+C,=2t

(sin 20J(0)l

@s 20,

S=>F,+>4

r=a.@s20,

=ffe.r-"ru,

(10.rJ)

Equadoi 10.15, *hich giles rhe shaking force

-2

enginc dafunctionof0,, is shoM ploued itr Fig- 10.1

for@ atre Gasiaplc hatuonicdrue sho* orcular
The

follo*ir8 sunmarions give the.onstanrs which appty in theeooent equalios

L0 2 ir nay be an thar " s"'onda1 m r_r' {]

FIGUR!

10.15

lll

520

BALANCE OF MACHINERY

The lhe of

a;i.i

C
r

of the shaldng
Z4(MR\11Lt

ANALYTICAL DETERMINATToN oF I,NBAI-ATJCE

fore s

6\

4(MA,U,/L) @s

is deremined as

fo

oNs:

2a,
2,

flrd lin. ol actio! of rhe shaking fore is @nstat si@ ar is nor s tuncrion of 0,.
iisshing thsr rhc lne or acrion of S is rhrouBh rbe enter of
Faviry 6t ihc engii;
at d, = 6 rtr.. no dal shEkinC couple en\ts.

_
Als,

by

FIGURE 1ll.I?

Solution,
A five{linder engiie ls sho\T in Frg.
engrner whrle rhcling foLe\ are bdtanced,
couples are not balanced as vill be shown in

E:amplc

batau
!0.). AndtJdhe
torc6 and shakrns

re arrve ro shakinq

Frcnttl

10

l7

the fixed ansles

d are

reset

ling

of the riveaylinder.nSrne shorn in Frs. ro.t7

couDtcs.

O,

= 28r

From Eqs- 10.9 aid 10.10,

4s

: 4 = MRo)t(6s 0,) > (6s d) - Gin 0L) > Gin 4)l

: f, ,{f,t:u.
i(@r 20,) : ro) 7@) - hir 20,) : (sir 2d)l
t

I
I

>s

+=

c6ff

=I
=0

sin O

=0

@s

0-8090

sin Cr

=0

+ si!

216' + coj 1.r4"

0.8090

216'

cos

72' +

cos

28tr

309{ + 01090

sin 144"

05878 + 058'A + 0951r

sin

?2' + sin 28tr

0.9511

5!1

IALiNCE

522
I

cos

26 =

OF MACTTTNERY
@s Cf

= 1+
=0

si!

r
Tncre,op,

+ 6s

432'

@s 288.

03090 + 03090

08090

cos 14-j.

s qn

o,8o9o

Ir.3.

ShoR tbat the conventionalsix{ylinderengine ofFiI] l0,12isiF

ns 10 Eqs 10 9, 10 10, 1011, and 1012 tusunerhat cylindcrs trrc b iq
show rhdr ,he.,\ cYrnderrnsine ii in brlance,,, i\ n.i (. Jry ro sho!
io lowing summdrion( are .e-o. F om I rg. 10.12, rle fi/cd ane s r' 1re

itidn.1o
sin 5?6'

6'=4,=r
O:=+'=2a0'

b qen abov., thc

ll ad

c, =

(d

o,)

rk

c rdr

(srn

:0

(d

0.6oc0)

+%(-o6txr) +

sin d)l

4,(

d(

-0

lz(o 3oeo)

o s8?8)

+ 2"(+0

5878)

3d(0 9511)

951r)

0 3633d

2+) = 00) +

+ 4a(

d(0 3090)

+ 2i(0 3090) +

34(

_0

E090)

0.8090)

4 73gJo

I(dsin24) =

0(0) + d(0 95t1) +

+.{d(

2r( ogslD +

+rr( !)+4b(-4)

/ \6\ /\'/.r2 /+rb\t )."( :)

+4bl- rJ+{b(o) =o
r("cos26)=0(1) +D( t+2b(-i) +3r( ,")+4b( i) +5b(1) =o
\n
'f -, ,rl. tll
) ,ar.a 2dr 0,0) ,1, ,
-rl
I'
)* \ . t
/\A\

+ 4b\

2.1

+5r(or =o

\rF<r'rdron ol rt" preced.ng 'unra ions i1 l-qs l0o. lJ r0, r0 ll. aoq n ,
5to\5rt,rrhererrnore.ulr"nr-ha\'rrforcealdno-,uld1 d\i momen' (l-r .,,..rr,,
a balance

0)(

, - j- l(6
l-a

0.26a,)

= Mno,c[-o 2616

-r

I l-l-i+1=o
'"5 \/1
\/t '"5__+_r0=c

:(dnns) = uro) + bl

t,(05876)

51892

\6 +-+--l-+0=0
\,5 \6 \,5

:GcosO) = 00) + b( i) + 21,( l)

+ 5b(1) = 0

0.5878)

.= MRa,l(cos

i t-l-l+1=0

:6s2d:1-

r: t, rn )6)l

_0 264,

.,

6 6) - Gii

4d(0.3090)

> (d sin 6) = 00) +

0J

- t- [i6 ]0r):

:s4=1
:sin+=0

MR'.'

+,=d,:120.

Firur} dd F@nddry tores aF bat ed

10,12,

IGc6d)=0(t)+!(

cos

cos 576"

=0

c, = MlRo{(6

(,

2{ = sin 0' + sin 432" + sin 2a8. + sin 144. +

:0+0951r_09511 +05876 - 05878

Frod Egs. 10

ANALYNC,AL DETERMINATICN OI UNIIA!-ANCF

B]

(srn

6,X-o 363ja)l

0,3633 sin

2e.)( a.7lo0,t
?lao coi ?0,

of innia forces oI rhe six reciprooling mass.

r$n

0,1

ro.). l 5j89d)l

+ t.5i69.in 20l

Sr=4 L

cos 2el

5"

,I

524

BALANCE OF MAClJINERY

The shakins force of rhe niddle set of four cylinden in terms of

cylinde. in rle m'ddle set i

^
s,
IjoweYer, sin@ 0!

= 0r +

03

of the nlsi

;'il;;'l'J;
.t:f

27{P,

27v)

HR+}
= _1 r co6 Ze,
S,

-S:, tbe resdteit shaking force is zero. Also, sine the lines
of action of S, add S: ee cDiEidcnr at rbe ceote. of the engine, dere is rc a!'.at
shakiEgouple. Thur, [te r! six<yli\+! cbgiDe, rhe srraiehr+ight of Fig_ 10.18
is a balanced engire.
Small ngines with one, rwo, or rhree cylinde.s sre used in a mutt'tude of
apDlications such as oulboard mbtori, mowers, and garden maclinery Air conpressoB and conpressors for spraling are reciprocating machines of one, rwo,
and three cylindeB. Tie balance of reciprocating nasFs h rhese machres is
poor, as rhe equarions of unbalance would shos The tbree-clinder machine
with cranks at 12ff is in balane as ro shakhg force, bur an diat shaking @upte
erikrs. Beca!se comfod is unimponanr jn smaltengine installar;ons, except po$
sibly with outboard notors, unbnlance is tolerable. If the expens $ warranred,
snalleng;::es rnay be ndunred on sprrnSs or rubber mounrs ro isotate the machine
vibrations from the f.ame on wh'ih the engine r sLlpponed

FIGURE I{I.IE

525

FIRING ORDER

' MR"] ("s 2er

_,__

^ . MR\} cosz(q t
s,=a
r

Sire

ENGTNES

T"l:jlll

*.* r- "y,"*, r;"..,i.ii

"*"--"r".lll1l
events take place in rhe 72{r.y.t.. *hi.h
;t"i:1
power or expasion, atrd erhaust.

.cple engi-oe is c.n-".,*

?2f of crank roratid. Four
codpre-asion,

1O.E

.?i?",13'^.:l
,r"

ENGINES

45 shovm in Fig. 10.19, lne V gngne c!ffill! of l*o ir-Lire eEgines in wbi.h ,r^
daDksbafr is commod to both engioes. The axial plan";" *t';;t ,t. *" ,"oli

526

BAI_^NCE OF MACHTNERY

. Since tle couples C. and Cr are in axtalplanes at 90"

nagnitude of the resultanr couple C 6

ENGINES

as shown in

Fis

C=\/(-,+c"^
The following summations apply to eithe. bank sin@ rhe fxed ansles
S are
the same for both banks:

0,=0

4,:4e

d,=e0"

:@s+ = 0
: cos 20 =0
: (a cos C) = -3a
t (a cos 24) =0

l
I

Sr

ubstitutiotr of the values of C. and Cx from Eqs. t0 16 and 10 t? gives

c=

= 18f

..ii

ua.,"

00

may be s9o that the resuhant unbalanced coupte of the V,8 engine is in(
pendent of , 4nd Ls derefore consran( in nagnitude for aI anguta?-posirion;
the darlshalt- The ardat plane in which the resqlrant oupte L Ues^; gi,en
d'e angle d measued clockwi5e from rhe ptane of the lefr bank as shoq; in I

isin4 =0

- rsin26 = 0
:Gsi.4) = -d
:(dsin&) = 0

10.20.
CR

rr0. l

C,

It may be seen ihat a

is a funclion of O, and rhat rhe vecror C rotates vid th

engine crankshafr. The angle that C makes with the first clank is.y, Fhich nrll
be dete.mined as follows, since a = , + .y:

I
I

C. = MRo:[-3a @s 0, + a sin

For

fte risht bank, rhe crank angle of the fiBt cylinder is

= o+:jgrThe
Ck

tan (8,

0r]

(10.16)

-(p

axial shakins couple CR for lhe righr bank is

MRoz[-3d

cos

(0,

= MRu:[-Ja

sin

0,

90) + a sin (0,

d cos e,]

,)

Or

.y)

=Co
CL

_cR

CL

CR C. tan 0r
+ CR ran ,

eo)]

CL
(10.17)

Subsrrruiron of the values of C. and

CR

from Eqs l0 16 and 10 17 eives

1=

198

43'

(Lhird quadran!)
resulranl a{ial

e$ ,an, unba ded d a

)
FIGURE

10.?O

co",'".,",,.*,,".,

$n.22)
sha kine

coufh

,iii;::#i,;i*Tiii,J

and 4- As shown, rhe ngine is complerely balanced by rhe introducrion ol0

balancingcouple C., rhe equilibranrofC, in rhe torm ofrwo counteNeighk sucll

c. = F,! = -\nO MR-'o

52t

BALANCE

O'

MACHINERY

V ENGINES 529I
From Eqs 10.9 and 1010,

Fp

MR'''1
f, - -ll(cos 20,) :

MlRoz(cos 0,)

(cos

S) _ Gin ,)

Grn

rs 26) _ (\in 2,)

+)l
{srn

20,

Right Bank

cos

6 = cr" [P + cos Z4{F +

= I - 0J - 05

cos 12ff

=0

sin

d=

siD

0' + sir

2ff + sin 120,

=0-0866+0866
=0
>
RIGHT BANK
Cylinders 1, 3,5

(No I

reference

4,,= 0'

= 210"
6j = 120'

cos

Cylinders 2. 4, 6

cos

0. + cos 480"

cos 2:10.

05

0.

tin 2+ = sin 0' + sin 480'

di =

240.

=0+0866

d6

120"

=0

=0

c_1,lrnder) (No. 2 .eference cyti.der)

o2=

2+ =

:1_05

LEFT BANK

Lei

sin 240.

0866

Bank

Icos4=s
Isind=0
:cos2S = 0

:sii26=0
Tlererore.

rhe

pnmat

and scondaryshakingforces are batanced

for borh banks

Shaking Couples
From Eqs.

cp
FTGURE 10.22

l0 I1

and 10 12.

MRo:{Gos

c = ftt-'

0,):
:e,l

(o cos

+)

f.,:os

Gin 0,)

20)

(d sin O)l

Grn 20,)

(d sin 2d)l

530

V ENGINI4

EAI-ANCE OF MACIIINERY

RErl Br.k (0r reference

angle):

: (d cc 0) - 0(1) : (a sin d) = 0(0) > (a cor 2d) - 0(l )

. : (, sin 2dr * 0(0) -

a(0 5)

"(0

866)

4(0 5)

a(0.166)

2a(0.s)

l.5o

2a(0 866) = + 0.866a

2,(0 5)

S) -

2a(O

r, = -L-11.5

Left Bank (+z rcfercDcE ande\

4) = 1.5d
(a si! 0) = +0.8{,64

L (a

:
:

=
:, (a sin 20) =

-0.866d

oi rne v-o

-;"ddr,i;;

;;'#qu"!,;'"lli',r," u",-*

engne,

rs

1-'t''-

= MRo:tGd
= MRolal(

)(

R'e!1,

t'

11-t

15,)

5d)

.or:0,; ,

(srn

le

(o.8oo

)t-0

sn

8oo4rl

'r'

MR@?o[1.5 sin 0r

MR:d'aI

Ls

lhreerlhrodc,n
a

cos

Tlis engine was disconr;nued in 196?

As.a relulr or lhe fuet .risrs in l97l_1974.
l]le Buick v.6 engrnc w t
,
'rodLced;n
lo/5 ds a means of improvinB fuet e@nomy I*esmoorh o t
trerc \a, inp,o,ed by v/i*,g.i.r .,.i,i pi ii.," ,;.ruded rnsrc or lul
rrrrcw sa. ddraned 15" tor rhe
cvl,ndp,.
*,".a-.a rS,fi
".a
qlindeD of rhe orher bank. Thir p;od "i"".i..r
rltra
c\liode's .The resulr $"s smo;rher
l; u/l

0.866 sin 0,]

90")l

0 866 cos 0'l

2: r

o.8bo sin 2eJ

firiig oilcr 0l

earlier c.ankshair desrSn. "

)grj

= MRod[ r.s ms (0, + 90") - 0.866 sin (0, +

= MRola[-l.s (-sin E) - 0 866 (cos 0,)]

c, -

rhat

rariar,on du ro

0, + 90)

C, = MR61a[-r.5 @s0,

;; ;';;;;;;;.q"e

5-4-3 2 sives uneven inrerva, *""t.l"ri i.tJ.,'" .f"irt

150._90._-150._,
"i .esutrs in a high fluctuaring output
90'tetweei cylrnder firings which

- Gin ,)(0.8664)l
r.5 cos e,) - (0 866 en 0,)l

M8'-111so,.2e

Lefr Bank (wherc 0,

C,

i.,nia rorce! and

irrerenirg ro onsider "r,r,.

rhe deyetopEeDt of

config!rarion.
A VSenBine wa\drletopcd in t9o2
br Buict wirh
spaced llu" apdn as shown in rig. t0.22
Tiis design

Right Bank

0 866 sb 20J

-1.5d

dd_rbe p,obreh encoudre*d

be srer-froD rh. alalFis above, tb. pm:rt !!d

s.od.t rry
, A5arc"ribalanred
tor6
for each t-t . Ho-**, ,r,"
ard s.Dndar,
i.i-,,y
dr b3dly our or balaoa for u",r r""r..
oo
or.r"ry
lnis a was doDe tor rhe V,8 encine
"nJ,r.,.ri " ",y

cos

(d @s 20)

cos 26r

,?,,Ii.*iL1i|,Li!#"*

"Buick\ Ncw Even Firins ec v'6 E

ene " sAE r{rnr

532

BAI,ANCE OF MACHINERY

BALANCE OF FOUR.BAR TINKAOFJ

533

offour and six cylindem arecomjrotrty

applicarrons. An eighrcylinder opposed
Figures 10.24 and 10 25 show rtetrinder
,lTangemar for ihe four-cyrrnder and six-cylinde. opposed ensines
es

10.10 BALANCE OF FOUR.BAR LINKAGES

FIGUR! IOI4

10.9 OPPOSED

ENGINES

As shown in Fig- 10 23, the opposed cngrne consisLs of lwo banks of cylinders,
or two inli.e engines oo opposite sides of the crankshaft in a common horizonral
plane The opposed engine is a special case of the V ensine rD which P = 180'
and rhe dete.m;nation of balane or unbalance may be dade as h V engines.
The resultant sbaking fofce S and the resultant unbalanced axial momenr C lie

l.

Equivalent toral mass

Ma+Ms=M1
2. quivalenr

MAIA

mass cenler

MBLS

3. Equivalenr moment of
M^l1a

FIGURE

10.25

Mstls

FIGURE 10.26

rne