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After oral administration metformin is mostly absorbed in small
intestine involving an active uptake process [2]. Intestinal mucosa has
shown to be a quantitatively important site of glucose utilization
during metformin treatment. Polymer matrix of metformin ER absorbs
gastric fluid and swells up to a size larger than size of gastric pylorus
in fed state. This allows it to retain in the stomach for longer period of
time and release drug slowly in upper GI tract where it is best
absorbed.
Metformin is absorbed by different solute carrier organic transporters
in the intestine, called organic cation transporter (OCT). OCT1 and
OCT3 are involved in metformin absorption. More recently another
cation transporter called plasma membrane monoamine transporter
(PMAT) was cloned which is involved in transportation of metformin
and many other cations in enterocytes in a pH-dependent manner.
Irrespective of the dose of metformin the absorption ceases in 6 to 10
h as this is the time taken by drug to pass though stomach and small
intestines. Absorption of metformin from plasma is slow and
elimination is fast due to Flip Flop phenomenon.
This phenomenon is observed in drugs which are absorbed slowly yet
eliminate fast. Once absorbed,metformin is not bound to plasma
protein. The peak plasma concentration after first dose of metformin
occurs in 3 h and then it rapidly declines, both after oral or
intravenous dosage, however it continues to be secreted from urine
for longer period of time and hence the longer terminal half life of 20
h. Maximum plasma concentration after administration of metformin
pengobatan
metformin.
Matriks
polimer
metformin
ER
diserap
oleh
pembawa
zat
terlarut
yang
berbeda
(Oktober).
Oct1
dan
OCT3
terlibat
dalam
penyerapan