CE 225
CE225
Introduction&courseoutline
SoilMechanics
Virtuallyeverystructureissupportedby
soil or rock Those that arentteitherfly,
soilorrock.Thosethataren
either fly
float,orfallover.
RichardL.Handy(1995)
SoilMechanics
Soilmechanicsisthescienceofequilibriumand
motionofsoilbodies.
Soilmechanicsisasubsetofgeotechnical
engineering.
Itinvolvestheapplicationofsoilmechanics,geology,
andhydraulicstotheanalysisanddesignof
geotechnicalsystemssuchas
dams,embankments,
tunnels canals and water ways
tunnels,canalsandwaterways,
foundationsforbridges,roads,buildings,
andsolidwastedisposalsystems.
p
y
GeotechnicalEngineering
Geotechnicalengineeringisthebranchof
civil engineering that deals with soil, rock,
civilengineeringthatdealswithsoil,rock,
andundergroundwater,andtheirrelation
to the design construction and operation
tothedesign,construction,andoperation
ofengineeringprojects
SoilMechanics(SoilPropertiesandBehavior)
SoilDynamics(DynamicPropertiesofSoils,EarthquakeEngineering,Machine
Foundation)
FoundationEngineering(Deep&ShallowFoundation)
PavementEngineering(Flexible&RigidPavement)
RockMechanics(RockStabilityandTunneling)
(
)
Geosynthetics (SoilImprovement)
Soils
Consistof
Particles
Water
Typical3Phases
Air
Organics
OtherFluidsandGases
Oth Fl id
dG
Typicalgeotechnicalproject
GeoLaboratory
Geo
Laboratory
fortesting
soil properties
construction site
DesignOffice
Design
Office
fordesign&analysis
Shallowfoundations
Fortransferringbuildingloadstounderlyingground
Mostlyforfirmsoilsorlightloads
firm ground
bed rock
Deepfoundations
Retainingwalls
Forretainingsoilsfromspreadinglaterally
retaining
wall
Road
Train
Retainingwalls soilnailing
Steelrodsplaced
into holes drilled
intoholesdrilled
intothewallsand
grouted
10
Earthdams
Forimpoundingwater
reservoir
clay
core
soil
shell
h ll
11
Concretedams
reservoir
concrete dam
concretedam
soil
12
Earthworks
Preparingthegroundpriortoconstruction
13
Geofabrics
Usedforreinforcement,separation,filtrationand
drainageinroads,retainingwalls,embankments
14
Sheetpiles
15
Sheetsofinterlockingsteelortimberdrivenintothe
ground forming a continuous sheet
ground,formingacontinuoussheet
warehouse
ship
sheetpile
Sheetpiles
Sheetpilesresistlateralearthpressures.Theseare
used in excavations waterfront structures
usedinexcavations,waterfrontstructures.
16
Cofferdam
sheetpilewallsenclosinganarea,topreventwater
seeping in
seepingin
17
Landslides
18
Shoring
Proppingandsupportingtheexposedwallstoresist
lateralearthpressures
19
Tunneling
20
Geotechnicalearthquakeengineering
Liquefactioninducedbearingcapacityfailuresofthekawaguchi
cho apartmentbuildingfollowingthe1964NiigataEarthquake
21
Geotechnicalearthquakeengineering
Liquefactioninducedsettlement
22
Groundimprovement
ImpactRoller toCompacttheGround
23
Groundimprovement
Sheepfoot Roller toCompactClaySoils
24
Groundimprovement
SmoothwheeledRoller
25
Groundimprovement
26
Heavyweightsdroppedfrom25m,compactingtheground.
Craters
C
t
formedin
compaction
Conclusions
SoilMechanicsleadstomanypossible
projects
This
Thisclassprovidesthefundamentalstobegin
class provides the fundamentals to begin
learningtheconceptsandprojectsshown
before
Abasicunderstandingofsoilmechanicsis
g
necessaryforallcivilengineers
27
SomeunsungheroesofCivilEngineering
28
buriedrightunderyourfeet.
foundations
tunnels
soil exploration
Courseoutline
Originofsoilandgrainsize(4Lectures)
Weightvolume
volumerelationships,plasticityandstructure
relationships plasticity and structure
Weight
ofsoil(3Lectures)
Engineeringclassificationofsoil(1Lecture)
Engineering classification of soil (1 Lecture)
Soilcompaction(2Lectures)
Permeability (1 Lecture)
Permeability(1Lecture)
Seepage(2Lectures)
Stressesinsoil(2Lectures)
Stresses in soil (2 Lectures)
Shearstrengthofsoil(2Lectures)
29
Practicals
Sieveanalysis
Hydrometeranalysis
S ifi
Specificgravity
it
Moisturecontentdetermination
Atterberg limits
Fieldidentificationtests
y y
Permeabilitybyconstantandvariablehead
AASHTOandmodifiedAASHTOtest
Densityinsitubysandreplacementandrubberballoon
method
h d
Directsheartest
Unconfinedcompressiontest
Unconfined compression test
Triaxial test
30