Futsal Coaching Manual

Futsal
Coaching Manual
Adapted from FIFA

Compiled by Gary White & David Griffiths
Table of Contents
The Development of Futsal..2
Planning a Coaching Session.....4
Technique
Passing.....6
Control...8
Running with the Ball....10
Tactics
Dead-Ball Situations......12
Corner Kicks.......12
Free-Kicks.......12
Organization of Play
Defending....13
Transitions...17
Attack...19
Physical Preparation....21
Physical Qualities
Endurance...22
Strength...23
Speed...24
Suppleness.....24
Coordination....25
Guidelines for Physical Preparation......26
-1-
Futsal Coaching Manual
The Development of Futsal

Established many years ago, futsal, a term that comes from the contraction of "futbol" and sala" and
which can be translated as "indoor football", is now played by most member associations of FIFA.
1930: Juan Carlos Ceriani, a physical education teacher from Montevideo, invents a new kind of
football to play indoors, unaffected by the weather conditions
1949: After the sport becomes established in Brazil, the Brazilian Asdrubal do Nascimiento draws
up the first rules of the game.
1965: Foundation of the South American Futbol de Sala Confederation
1971: Foundation of the International Federation of Futbol de Salon (FIFUSA), presided over by
the future President of FIFA Dr. Joao Havelange
1982: First world championship organized by FIFUSA
1985: FIFA decides to add futsal to the world football family
1989: The first FIFA Futsal World Cup is held in Holland
1996: FIFA publishes the first official list of referees for Futsal
2005: The first seminar for FIFA Futsal instructors is held
-2-
Special Features
Futsal is a form of soccer that is played:
Indoors or Outdoors
On a smaller field
With smaller Goals
With 5 players (4 outfield and a keeper)
With a specific ball (smaller and less bounce)
High speed game allowing more touches for players.
Rules to complement speed of game
With no offsides
And unlimited substitutions
The Motivation to Play and Develop Futsal
1. The Development of Players
The characteristics of the game, such as fewer players, a smaller field, the special Futsal ball and an
unlimited number of substitutions;
Increase contact with the ball and shot on goal
Limits time and space to control and pass the ball
Favors rapid decision making
Favors a dynamic playing system and the rotation of positions
Involves and motivates all players
Facilitates accurate passing and makes Futsal the perfect tool to develop and improve technical,
tactical understanding, agility, coordination and also the players speed in both Futsal and 11-aside soccer.
2. Accessibility
Little infrastructure is required
It is possible to use existing facilities (eg. Schools and YMCA)
Not as many players are needed
Not affected by climate or seasonal weather conditions.
3. New Opportunities
Opportunities for even small clubs to host competitions.
Possible revenue builder
4. A Compliment to Mainstream Soccer
A potential first step to mod level and then 11 a side
It expands the soccer base
Diversification and extension of facilities, both indoor and outdoor
The only indoor soccer approved by FIFA.
-3-
Planning a Coaching Session

If sessions are not planned, they will turn out to be haphazard at best. Consequently, the players will also
be haphazard in their playing habits. Long, detailed, written plans are not necessary; however, jotting
down main ideas, and taking some time and thought to plan the day will greatly enhance the experience
for everyone.
A well-planned session which moves quickly from one activity to the other adds to the satisfaction of the
players, commands respect and improves performance. Plus, focused, enthused players are seldom
injured and almost never present discipline problems.
Planning a successful session takes skill, a skill which is developed with time. Each time out should be a
learning experience, both for the coaches and players.
Take into account: The Session

Objectives (technical, Tactical,
etc)
Season
Week
Day of the Week
Last match & next match
Number of sessions a week
Conclusions from previous
session
Number of players available
Standard of the players
Positions of the players
Facilities and Equipment
available
Weather Conditions
Prepare: Equipment
Specify: The Exercise
The field
Objectives
Goals
Balls (pumped)
Pinnies
Cones
Whistle
Stop watch
Duration, breaks & intensity

Coaching points
Organization
Progressions
Equipment needed
Number and positions of players
Position of the coach
-4-
Example of a Session Plan
-5-
Technique
Passing
Passing is a key element of attacking play. It is vital to maintain concentration and balance in order to
pass properly.
Activity #1 - Alternate Passing
The player in the centre returns the ball to team-mates at the side of the pitch. Alternating rapidly from
one side to the other. The player uses both feet. Every 20 passes a player from the side changes places
with the player in the center. The player at the side, after passing the ball to the centre, changes places
with another team-mate at the side in order to alternate participation
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Improved
accuracy and
speed of passing.
Start with a short

distance (5 yards),
moving on to
medium distance
(10 yards) and
finally long distance
(20 yards).
Watch the position of

the body when the
player strikes the ball
Make sure that the
strike of the ball is crisp,
not prolonged.
Make sure that the
player who is going to
make the pass looks left
and right to get used to
gathering information
Activity #2 - Possession of the Ball

The exercise is played on half the pitch, with no restrictions on movement in this area. The attacking team
is assisted by a neutral player and tries to keep possession for 20 passes. If the defending team wins
possession of the ball, the teams change roles. The neutral always assists the attacking team. If the
attacking team manages to achieve 20 passes without losing possession of the ball, the defending team
has to do 5 push-ups and then the same attacking team starts the game again.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Improving passing
on the move and
when faced by an
opponent
The game can be

played with an unlimited number of
touches per player
or restricted to two
touches, or even
one touch, per
player.
Make sure that the

player looks up before
receiving the ball in
order to see the
movements of others.
Pay special attention
to team mates losing
their markers in order to
facilitate passing.
-6-
Activity #3: Attacking with a Limited Number of Passes

A real game using the whole pitch. Rules: the players of the team in possession have a maximum of two
touches in their own half of the pitch and unrestricted play in the other half.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Efficient passing
depending on the
zone of play.
The rules can be

changed depending
on the objective of
the exercise,
allowing one touch
in the players' own
half and unrestricted
play in the other half;
or unrestricted in
their own half and
two touches in the
opponents' half, etc
Constantly remind
players by shouting out
the number of touches
in each area of the
pitch.
-7-
Control
Good control of the ball ensures possession is retained and helps to initiate the next move more speedily
and effectively. To allow proper control, the speed has to be taken off the ball. This means that the part of
the body used to control the ball must be relaxed at the time of contact.
Activity #1 Various Controls
A circuit with three stations is set Up (A, B, C):
At station (A), the players pass the ball along the ground in order to practice control with the sole of the
foot. At station (B), the pass is short distance but off the ground, such that control is made using the
chest, thigh or foot as appropriate. At station (C), the passes are longer and control is made by the chest,
sole or inside of the foot, to absorb the speed of the ball, meaning that it is whether the passes are along
the ground or in the air, fast or slow. Once a player has controlled the ball, he alternates with a teammate. The players change station every five minutes. The exercise is conducted with both feet.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Making control
techniques
instinctive
Station C can
include finishing to
make it more like a
real move.
Which part of the body

that is used to control
Make sure that players
get used to looking left
and right before
receiving a ball
Activity #2 Directed Control

A player passes the ball firmly along the ground from the touch line. Another player runs from the other
touch line, feints at the cone, anticipates the trajectory of the ball, carries out directed control towards the
goal and then shoots. Each player changes to the opposite group after his turn. This exercise should be
conducted from both sides of the pitch so that players use both feet.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Improving directed
control
A defender can be
used instead of the
cone, first
shadowing
the active player,
then defending
passively and finally
defending actively.
The player who is

going to use the
directed control must
start when his defender
has lost visual contact
because of the feint
Coordination
between the
direction and speed
of a team mate and
the power of the
pass
Synchronizing the
strength of the pass with
the speed and direction
of the player who
conducts the directed
control
-8-
Activity #3 5 v 5 Game
The only rule IS that the defenders use one-to-one marking so that the attackers have to feint in order to
beat the defender. The player anticipates the pass from a teammate so that they can use directed control
to get past the opponent. If the ball is controlled normally and not directed, the defender soon regains
position and no numerical or positional advantage is gained.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Practicing
directed control in
a match situation.
A rule can be
introduced making it
necessary to control
the ball before
scoring if the goal is
to count.
During the match, do

not lose sight of the
fact that the main
objective is directed
control.
-9-
Running with the Ball

When running with the ball, whatever part of the foot is used, the most important thing is that the ball
should be an extension of the foot so that the player doesn't have to look down but rather can look about
to see what is happening in the game. This means that the tactical decisions taken will be much more
effective with this wider field of view than if the player has to concentrate on the ball.
Activity #1 - Running with the Ball Along the Lines
The players move along the lines of the pitch while maintaining control of a ball. When meeting a team
mate coming the other way, they turn around and go back along the line.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Making running
with the ball
instinctive
The coach
stands on the
pitch and indicates
with gestures
(without speaking)
which foot the
players should
use, and even
which part of the
foot. This makes
the player
maintain control
while at the same
time looking up to
see the coach's
instructions.
For the player to

have a wide field of
vision (does not look
continually at the
ball)
Using the inside,

outside and sole
of the foot
Using both feet
The ball should not

leave the foot
Activity #2 - Eliminating Opponents

The players each run with a ball in a restricted space. The coach stands outside this area with an arm
raised showing a certain number of fingers. The players must run with their ball while raising their hand
showing the same number of fingers as the coach. This demand that the players are getting their head up
and looking for information. They try to kick the balls controlled by team-mates out of the area while
protecting their own ball. If a ball leaves the specified area, that player is eliminated and has to do pushups before returning to the game. The coach changes the number of fingers held up every five seconds.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Running with
the ball while
maintaining a
good field of view
in a challenging
situation
The coach can

shout out what
part of the foot
should
be used to control
the ball
The players have

one arm raised but
use the other
arm to gain
information about
the locations of their
opponents and to
protect the ball
Make sure players
look up in order to
get information
about their situation
while under
maximum pressure
The coach can

change which
hand is raised to
indicate
which foot should
be used by the
players
- 10 -
Activity #3 Counter Attacks while Running with the Ball

The goalkeeper passes the ball to one side of the pitch. The player receiving the ball runs with it, using at
least three touches, before passing to a team mate on the other side of the pitch who then runs in to
shoot at goal. After the goalkeeper has played the ball out, the defender (red) drops back to defend
against the attack. When a move has finished it is repeated towards the other goal using the players at
the halfway line (yellow) with one of the other players in red coming on to act as a defender.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching
points:
Running With
the ball in a
match situation.
A restriction on
the amount of
time before
finishing can be
imposed (eg. 5'10 seconds).
Make sure that

players position
their bodies
correctly while
running with the
ball, in order to
have a view of their
team-mates and of
the goalkeeper
Make sure that
attackers who run
off the ball measure
their speed in order
to offer themselves
as a safe pass
- 11 -
Tactics
Dead-Ball Situations
Kick-Ins
There are two main objectives from kick-ins:
1. To launch an attempt on goal
2. To ensure possession of the ball is retained
These objectives are influenced by the distance from the opponents' goal, the position of the opposing
defenders, and the position of the attackers and, very importantly, how the player taking the kick-in reads
the game.
Corner Kicks
The main objective of corners is to score a goal or at least create problems for the opponents. Sometimes
the objective is merely to retain possession of the ball. This latter option depends on the score, the time
left in the match, the possibility of the corner being effective and how the player taking the corner reads
the situation.
Free Kicks
The most important thing about free kicks is coordination between the movements of the team and the
delivery of the ball by the player taking the free kick. In this situation, it is very important that the player
taking the free kick has excellent timing and can play the ball accurately and with the right strength. For
this reason, the player taking the free kick should be unhurried and very good at reading the game.
- 12 -
Organization of Play
Defending
Individual Defense
This approach is very physically demanding
Individual responsibility
The objective is not just the ball, but also the opponent
Activity #1 - Individual Defense
3 v 3 to one goal. Each attacker wears a different colored bib. The defenders have to pair up with an
attacker and not lose them during the attacking move. The roles (attacker/defender) are changed after
every five attacks. At the end of the exercise, the number of goals is counted up to see which team has
defended better.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Practicing
individual marking.
Impose a time
limit on finishing the
move.
Do not lose sight of

the assigned attacker
The defender should
not keep too tight on
the attacker this
makes it easier to
counteract his
attempts to move into
space
Activity #2 Game
A 5 v 5 game with only one-to-one marking.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Practicing
individual marking
in a match
situation.
Upon the coach's

signal, individual
defense is imposed
in half, one third or
three-quarters of
the pitch
The same as the

previous exercise
Individual defense
can cause an
opponent to make
more mistakes
Look at the ball from

time to time to get
information,
but without losing
sight of the marked
player
Cover is not
provided
- 13 -
Zonal Defending
Facilitates defensive cover
Favors the organization of counterattacks when the baII is recovered
Less physically demanding than other types of defense
Improves team unity
Requires great coordination between zones
The defensive reference point is the ball, not the opponent
Activity #1 - Zonal Defense
6 attackers against 4 defenders and goalkeeper. The attacking team members throw the ball to each
other as many times as they want, but the players do not move. The defenders have to move towards the
ball without losing their zonal organization.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Making
movements
corresponding to
the position of the
ball instinctively.
The attackers can

move and even
score a goal
Defenders must
place their body
weight on their toes
and not on their heels
in order to move
more quickly
The ball is kicked

Instead of thrown
Impose a time
limit for finishing
When moving,
defenders have to
watch not only the
ball but also the
movement of their
team mates
Activity #2 5 v 5 Game
5 v 5 plus a coach on each touch line with a ball. At any point in the game, one of the coaches can pass a
ball to the nearest attacking player and the previous ball no longer counts. This creates a new match
situation and consequent defensive reaction
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Practicing the
reorganization of a
zonal defense
depending on the
position of the ball.
Use more balls
The same as the

previous exercise.
Impose a time
limit on finishing or
winning the ball
- 14 -
Mixed Defense
The two types of marking are combined in a mixed defense
This normally means that each player marks a zone except for one who carries out individual marking.
However, this is not a fixed rule as it depends on the coach
Activity 5 v 5 Game
A real game in which the defending team defends zonally except for one player who defends the attacker
in the green bib individually.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Practicing mixed
defense in a real
match.
Challenge the
defender to prevent
the attacker in the
green bib from
touching the ball a
certain number of
times
In this kind of
defense, the player
defending individually
does not need to
watch the ball, just
make sure that the
marked player does
not receive it
Impose a time
limit on finishing
the move or
winning
the ball
for the other

players, apply the
coaching points from
zonal marking
This type of
defense is usually
employed to
neutralize the
opponents' key
player
It does not have
to be used
throughout
the match, only
when required by
the circumstances
- 15 -
Alternating Defense
This approach requires mastery of the various types of defense
References within play are needed in order to change the type of defense
Requires coordination between players so that they make the same decision at the same time
Disconcerts and surprises the opponents
When used well, this approach gives the defending team a lot of confidence
Activity Real Game
A game of 5 v 5. The initial rule is that the team defends zonally in its own half of the pitch and individually
on the other side of the halfway line.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Practicing
alternating
defense in a
match situation.
A rule can be
applied that the
team defends in
one way until the
coach shouts
"Change!" The
team then
changes the type
of defense
irrespective of
what part of the
pitch it is playing.
It is very important
that the first
defensive line takes
the initiative as the
other players follow
this lead.
There are other

methods for
changing the style
of defense, but
these are specific
to each coach. For
example: when the
opponents pass
the ball back to the
goalkeeper, the
team defends
individually
everywhere on the
pitch .
- 16 -
Transitions
Transitions are a really exciting part of Futsal as they demonstrate the speed, skill, teamwork and passion
of the game.
Defensive Transitions
Activity #1 - After an Attempt on Goal
The yellow team attacks from a gradual build-up. When a phase of play finishes, the player who shot at
goal and the corresponding defender take no further part in the exercise. The defending team rapidly
turns to attack while the other team defends in a 3 v 3 situation.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Defensive
transition after
an attempt on
goal.
A time limit can

be imposed on
each move.
When a team loses

the ball, the players
should not be
distracted, they
should only be
concerned with
dropping
back to defend
One defender
should try to hold up
the counterattacking
opponent, not to
dispossess him but to
slow him down
and give the other
defenders time to get
back into
position
Activity #2 - Reduced Space

A 3 v 3 game on half a pitch with two goalkeepers. The reduced amount of space means that there are
constant transitions, both offensive and defensive
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching
points:
Constant
repetition of
transitions.
The game can

be played one
touch, two
touches or
unrestricted
touches.
The same as the

previous exercise.
- 17 -
Offensive Transitions
Activity #1 - Numerical Inequalities
Both teams have a goalkeeper and defender in their own half of the pitch and two attackers in the
opponent's half of the pitch. None of the players can enter the opposite half of the pitch. The goalkeeper
can clear the ball directly to his team mates in the other half of the pitch to start a 2 against 1 attack, or he
can supply the ball to his team-mate nearby to start a 1 v 2 attack. This player has to try to pass to his
team mates on the other half of the pitch.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching
points:
Working on the
effectiveness of
offensive
transitions and
numerical
advantages.
If the attacking
team player
closest to the
goalkeeper
receives the ball
and manages to
pass it to his
teammates
in the other half
of the pitch, he
joins them in a 3
against 1 attack
The most
important point is
that the attackers
of the second line
open up clear
passing channels
Once the ball is
received by the
players in the
second ball line,
speed is the key.
play 2v3/3v2
A time limit can
be imposed on
the transition
A limit of
touches
Activity #2 - Teams of Three Players

One goalkeeper in each goal and three teams of three players on the pitch. The team in the centre starts
by attacking a goal and tries to get around the defending team to score. Once the attack finishes for any
reason (possession of the ball lost, shot goes wide, goal, etc.),this team becomes the defending team and
the previous defending team attacks the other goal. This sequence is repeated several times.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching
points:
Constant
repetition of
transitions
A team that
scores a goal
continues
attacking
Movement of
attackers off the
ball
A time limit can

be imposed on
each attack
Speed of passing
the ball
A limit on the
number of passes
in each attack can
be imposed
- 18 -
Attack
Attacking is the phase of play that requires most practice and experience. For a positional or gradual
build-up attack to be successful requires patience, knowing how to read and understand the game and
how to cause the opposing defense to become disorganized and take advantage of this. A quick attack,
to be effective, needs speed, accuracy and an element of surprise.
Quick Attack
Activity #1 - After Winning the Ball
The yellow team attacks using just one player against four defenders. Two other players from the
attacking team wait in their own half. The fourth player of the attacking team is off the pitch and does not
take part at the moment. When the red team recovers the ball, they launch a quick attack. At this point,
the yellow team player who lost the ball drops back to assist and the team mate who was off the pitch
also joins in to help. The players of the red team try to finish a move before their opponents can organize
themselves.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
A rapid attack
after winning
possession of the
ball.
A time limit can be

imposed on the
quick attack.
The player who wins

the ball has to move
towards the centre in
order to create two
channels.
Once the ball is won,
speed is crucial
Always finish, even if
the ball goes out, so
that the opponents
cannot counterattack
Activity #2 - Quick Attack Down the Wing

In a 5 v 5 game, the yellow team attacks against a closed down defense. The goalkeeper has a supply of
balls available in the goal. Once a phase of play has finished, two players from the defending team
quickly run out, one to each wing to create a numerical advantage. The goalkeeper passes the ball to the
player in the best position.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Creating a
numerical
advantage on the
wings by a quick
attack
If the attack ends

in a goal, the
attacking team
starts
another move
The two players that

come out at speed
along the wings have
to do so one or two
seconds apart. One
decoy for the defense,
the second offers an
element of surprise
A time limit can be

imposed on the
yellow team's
positional attack
Impose a time
limit on the quick
attack (eg. 7
seconds)
The goalkeeper's
body language should
disguise where the
ball will actually be
played
- 19 -
Positional or Build-Up Attack

Activity #1 - Successive Attacks
A 5 v 5 game using half the pitch. The same team always attacks. If the ball goes out or is stopped by the
goalkeeper, the coach, located in the center of the pitch with a supply of balls, starts off a new attack. The
teams change roles after a certain number of attacks.
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Successive
positional attacks
A time limit can

be imposed on
each attack
The emphasis is on
the speed of passing
the ball rather than
the speed of the
players' movements
Impose a
minimum number
of passes before
finishing
Long lateral passes

should be avoided as
they are very
dangerous when
faced with an
organized defense
Activity #2 - 5 v 4 Game
The goalkeeper of the attacking team comes out of goal to join the attack. (both teams can score)
Objective:
Variations:
Coaching points:
Built-up attack
with numerical
advantage.
A time limit can

be imposed on
each attack
Look for speed and

accuracy in passing
the ball
Change to a 12-1-2 formation
Very patient buildup until an

opportunity arises
Ensure an easy
backwards pass is
always available
- 20 -
Physical Preparation
Specific Qualities and Requirements
In Futsal, the development of the players' physical condition must take into account the specific features
of the game. The purely physiological objective is to provide the energy resources to make the players'
tactics and techniques as effective as possible. With this in mind, the duration of efforts should be
measured (timed) and the intensity (heart-rates) and distances run recorded. The invariable dynamic of
the process of training physical condition is: load-fatigue-recovery-adaptation. The coach applies a load in
training that causes a state of fatigue. As the body recovers from this, it adapts and in this way improves
on the initial level. If the loads are very intense and frequent or the rest periods very short, this can lead to
overtraining. If the loads are very light or the recovery period is too long, then the adaptation process
does not occur and the level does not improve.
- 21 -
Physical Qualities
1. Endurance
This is the capacity to cope with efforts of greater or lesser intensity over the longest time possible.
Training methods: Continuous Uniform
This is uninterrupted running for a set time or distance at a constant pace
The duration of the effort ranges from 20-30 minutes to 60-90 minutes
The heart rate when working ranges from 120-150 bpm to 160-180 bpm
This means working at between 45-80% of maximum oxygen consumption
Continuous Variable
This is running with changes of pace at certain times or distances
This method not only improves aerobic capacity but also works on aerobic power
It allows an interaction of the times and distances of work with the times and distances of
recovery
The duration of effort varies from 20-60 minutes
The heart rate when working ranges from 140-180 bpm
This means working at between 45-90% of maximum oxygen consumption
Extensive Intervals
This technique is used to target more specific objectives associated with futsal (e.g.
short, explosive efforts with incomplete recovery)
The duration of effort ranges from 60-90 seconds
The heart rate when working ranges from 160-180 bpm
The heart rate when recovering should not go below 120 bpm
The maximum oxygen consumption values are 70-95%
Example: interval training, fartlek
Intensive Intervals
These sessions target lactic anaerobic power and capacity as well as the improvement of
alactic anaerobic power and capacity
The duration of effort is 20-30 seconds for the former and 8-15 seconds for the latter
The heart rate when recovering should not go below 120 bpm
Example: sets of runs between 50m and 400m (efforts of between 6-7 seconds and 7080 seconds, which are the shortest and longest efforts typical of futsal)
Repetitions
This method concentrates mostly on developing lactic anaerobic power, alactic anaerobic
endurance and speed endurance
There is complete recovery between sets
The duration of efforts varies from 10-45 seconds depending on the objective of the
training
The repetition of efforts increases lactate levels
Example: sets of runs over distances comparable to those required in the sport
With Additional Resistance

Changes in intensity are affected by the angle and length of Inclines
Example: sets conducted on inclines
- 22 -
2. Strength
This is the capacity to overcome an external resistance by employing muscular strength.
Training Methods:
The methods depend on the type of competition and the type of strength to be worked on in accordance
with the training schedule.
Muscular Development
Develops maximum strength
Use of medium loads (40-60%)
Intramuscular Coordination
Develops maximum strength
Very high loads (75-100%)
Plyometrics
Development of maximum strength through the collaboration of the nervous and

muscular systems arising when carrying out jumps and throws (multi-jumps, using steps)
This approach is recommended for high-performance training
It is recognized as transfer training, in other words, the improvement of a technical skill
through a specific analytical physical exercise
Combined
This method brings together all the forms of developing strength depending on whether
we want to improve muscular development or intramuscular coordination
It is achieved by different combinations of the amount of load moved and the number of
repetitions
Speed Strength, Rapid or Explosive

The Increase in speed strength is preceded by an increase in maximum strength
This can be worked on in the same session using a transfer method
Endurance Strength
Light loads are used (20-50%) with a high number of repetitions
Circuit training is very useful for this approach
Exercises:
Body weight training

Isometrics
Plyometrics
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3. Speed
This is the capacity to carry out motor actions in the shortest time possible.
Training Methods:
Reaction Speed
Reaction to various stimuli (visual, audio, tactile, etc.)
Increasing the demands regarding the speed of perception, for example by changing
external stimuli (increasing the number of balls In play, reducing the space for the activity,
numerical advantage or disadvantage, etc.)
Acceleration Speed
To improve this feature requires the development of strength and speed strength
Starts from different positions, changes of pace, multi-jumps, plyometrics, etc.
Maximum Speed
In developing this type of speed, intermuscular and intramuscular coordination is very
important, as well as coordination between agonist and antagonist muscles
Repetitions are used
The effort should not last more than 6 seconds
Speed Endurance
Use short sets, as for maximum speed, but with a greater number of sets and a reduced
recovery time
Endeavour to make sure that the efforts conducted are lactic anaerobic
4. Suppleness
This is the physiological capacity to achieve the maximum possible amplitude of movement in the joints
without any delay in recovery or deterioration of the initial position.
Influential Factors
The central nervous system
Muscle tone
The aponeurosis (membrane surrounding muscle bundles)
Time of day
Environmental temperature
Age
The optimum age for developing suppleness is 11-14 years. Relaxed and forced passive movements
should be introduced at 12-17 years. From the age of 17, general work on suppleness continues as well
as concentration on the joints and muscle groups specific to the sport.
Exercises:
Touching toes
Splits
Passive stretching
Dynamic stretching
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5. Coordination
This is a neuromuscular quality that allows a human being's movements to be organized, regulated and
executed accurately, dynamically and energy-efficiently.
Types of Coordination
General dynamics: Refers to global movements (e.g. running, jumping, etc.)
Segmental coordination: Refers to movements of an individual body segment (hand-eye,
foot-eye coordination, etc.)
Exercises:
Jumping with legs out or split, arms out or in front

Turns and somersaults
Exercises with hoops, poles, etc.
Jumping with feet together, circling arms forwards or backwards
Triple jump with feet together
Hopping
Jumps using apparatus
Climbing using ropes, beams, inclined benches, etc.
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Guidelines of Physical Preparation for Young Players

When considering physical activities for children, the psychological and biological aspects of their growth
at different ages have to be taken into account.
Adapt the rules of the game to the children's level of knowledge and development so that
it motivates them.
Adapt the tasks to the children's levels of preparation.
Every child should have positive reinforcement.
The objectives should be short-term ones so that the children do not become demotivated
The fun of playing, curiosity, etc. are motivational factors for children
Failure in competition can de-motivate children. For this reason, participation should be
emphasized and positively reinforced
Endurance
The genetic influence on maximum oxygen consumption is 90% while training only
accounts for 10%
Lactic anaerobic efforts should be delayed until the age of 15-16
Work can start on improving maximum strength from the age of 16-17, with caution
Work can start on developing explosive power from the age of 16-18
Lactate endurance strength can be developed from the age of 18
Exercises and games working on speed with short efforts can be introduced for young
players
Acceleration and speed of movement can be trained from the age of 14-15 for boys and
9-13 for girls
Intense speed training usually starts from the age of 16
Strength
Speed
Suppleness
Suppleness reduces with age

Children's suppleness starts to reduce considerably from the age of 10 for boys and 12
for girls
Bone structure is more consolidated from the age of 14-16, meaning that muscular
strength increases and muscular elasticity may be reduced
There should be daily work on suppleness
Coordination
Work to improve coordination can be classified into three groups:
1. Exercises that do not require the use of equipment:
Various exercises for the head, trunk, limbs; different types of turns, jumps, changes of rhythm,
etc.
2. Exercises involving the skilful handling of equipment:
Work with sticks, balls, ropes, etc. In addition to the skill of handling, this also practices
calculating possible trajectories and suitable positions for throwing and receiving.
3. Exercises that are specific to the sport:
Ball control: running with the ball, dribbling, etc. When coaching coordination, it is advisable to
start with exercises from the first of these groups.
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500 South 336th Street / Suite 100

Federal Way, Washington 98003-6389
MAIN PHONE: 253.476.2237
FAX: 253.925.1830
TOLL FREE: 1.877.424.4318
www.WashingtonYouthSoccer.org

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Adapted from FIFA