Institut fr Chemie und Bioingenieurwissenschaften

Regelungstechnik FS 12

Lsung 3
Aufgabe 1
Assume:
1. perfect mixing in the tank
2. no volume changes due to mixing
Let
be the density of pure water, assumed constant
t be the density of pure solid, assumed constant
s, e be the slurry densities in inlet and exit streams, respectively
ws, we be the mass flow rate of inlet and exit streams, respectively
Then by definition, ws = sqs
s

x s ws

xe

ws

1 x s ws x s

1 x s

1
1 xe

Since volume V is constant an overall mass balance gives:

V

d e
ws w we
dt

And the component mass balance for solids gives:

d e x e
ws x s we xe
dt

V e

dxe
d
xeV e ws x s we xe
dt
dt

Finally combining the equations:

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Dr. Robert N. Grass

V e

d xe
ws x s ws xe wx e (note the disappearance of we)
dt

Upon substitution for s, e and ws we obtain the final unsteady-state model for the blender:
dxe
q x xe
V
s s
wx e
xe 1 xe dt
x s 1 x s

Aufgabe 2
Assume:
1. perfect mixing in the tank
2. no volume changes due to mixing (ideal solution)
3. constant densities of pure components
Let
cAi, cBi be molar concentrations of A and B in the feed, respectively
cA, cB, cC be molar concentrations of A, B and C in the exit stream, respectively
xA, xB, xC be molar fractions of A, B and C in the exit stream, respectively
cTi, cT be total molar concentrations of the feed and exit stream, respectively
MA, MB, MC be molecular weight of A, B and C , respectively
A, B, C be densities of A, B and C , respectively
q be the volumetric flow rate of the exit stream.
Lets recall some basics on ideal solutions. If volumes are preserved upon mixing, we can
write for the inlet and outlet respectively:
~
~
~
Vt n AV A n BVB nCVC Vt c A M A / A Vt c B M B / B Vt cC M C / C

1 M A / A c A M B / B c B M C / C cC
1 M A / A c Ai M B / B c Bi

~ ~
~
where VA , VB and VC are the molar volumes of A, B and C respectively. The last 2 equations show
that once temperature and pressure are fixed one molar concentration can always be calculated
knowing the remaining concentrations, namely by means of the following equations:

MB
c Bi
1
MA
B

M
M
cC C 1 A c A B c B
A
B
MC

c Ai

furthermore the equations can be manipulated in the following way

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1 M A / A cT x A M B / B cT x B M C / C cT 1 x A x B

cT x A , x B M A / A x A M B / B x B M C / C 1 x A x B

1 M A / A c Bi M A / A c Ai c Bi M B / B c Bi
cTi c Bi

A
MA

1 M A / A M B / B c Bi

Since the volume is constant the total molar balance is

V

dcT
q i cTi qcT Vk 2 cT2 x A x B
dt

while balances on A and B are:

d x A cT
qi c Ai qcT x A VcT2 k1 x A2 k 2 x A x B
dt
d cT
d x A
Vx A
qi c Ai qcT x A VcT2 k1 x A2 k 2 x A x B
VcT
dt
dt
d x B cT
qi c Bi qcT x B VcT2 k1 x A2 k 2 x A x B
V
dt
d cT
d x B
Vx B
qi c Bi qcT x B VcT2 k1 x A2 k 2 x A x B
VcT
dt
dt

**

***

plugging the term for VdcT/dt into the equations after some rearrangements we get:

dx A
qi c Ai qi cTi x A VcT2 k1 x A2 k 2 x A x B 1 x A
dt
dx
VcT B qi c Bi qi cTi x B VcT2 k1 x A2 k 2 x A x B 1 x B
dt

VcT

(note the disappearance of q)

These equations represent the unsteady-state model of the system; once xA(t) and xB(t) are calculated
cA(t) cB(t) and cC(t) are obtained through the following relationships:
c A t cT x A t , x B t x A t
c B t cT x A t , x B t x B t
cC t cT x A t , x B t 1 x A t x B t

If densities are equal, i.e. A = B = C, densities of streams are constant; this together with the
assumption of constant volume implies that q = qi. Once the volumetric flow rate of the exit stream is
known, component balances can be written in terms of molar concentrations so that equations ** and
*** become:
V

d c A
qi c Ai q i c A V k1c A2 k 2 c A c B
dt

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d c B
qi c Bi qi c B V k1c A2 k 2 c A c B
dt

The equations above in the two unknowns cA(t) and cB(t) represent the unsteady-state model of the
system, while equation * lets us calculate cC(t) once cA(t) and cB(t) are known.
Aufgabe 3

a) s = Tankflche, = Flssigkeitsdichte, w = Fluss

w wA
h1 in
s

w wC
h2 A
s

1
p1 p a 1 / 2
R
1
1/ 2
wC p 2 p a
R

p1 g h1 h3 p a

wA

p 2 g h2 p a

Zusammen
w wA
h1 in

1
g h1 h3
R
s

win

g
w wC
h2 A

Rs
s

h1 h3 h2

Der Parameter R bestimmt sich mit h20 = 10 cm, wC0 = 200 g/min sowie Wasser = 1 g/cm3 und g
= 1000 cm/sec2 zu
R

gh20

30 g cm

wC 0

1 / 2

b) Im steady state: win0 = wA0 = wC0 = 200 g/min

Die Lcher sind gleich gross h20 = h10 h3 = 10 cm h10 = 30 cm
c) Linearisierung um h10 = 30; h20 = 10, h3 = 20 ergibt
hi hi hi 0
win win win 0
h1 h1
h2 h2

i = 1,2

g
2 Rs h10 h3

g
2 Rs h10 h3

h1

h1

1
win
s

g
2 Rs h20

h2

Nach Einsetzen der Parameter (s = 10/6 cm2) erhlt man

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d) A geschlossen, B und C offen:

wB

1
p1 p 2 1 / 2 1 g h1 h2
R
R

wC unverndert
w wB
h1 in

win

g
w wC
h2 B

Rs
s

1
g h1 h2
R
s

h1 h2 h2

Die Gleichgewichtslagebestimmt sich zu h10 = 20, h20 = 10, win. Bei gleichem Vorgehen wie in
c) erhlt man:

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