LEGAL MEDICINE: TYPES OF INJURY

PENAL CODE STATE OF ART NAYARIT. 305

LESIN.- The injury is any injury to someone's body or health disorder, caused by
an external cause attributable to a person.
All LESIN.- functional, organic or mental impairment, consecutive both internal
and external factors.
STUDY OF INJURIES
TYPE: Cuts, abrasions, bruises, etc.
LENGTH: For single or combined.
LOCATION: anatomical region, place in the body.
DEPTH: Planes interested in.
EDGES: Regular or irregular.
METHOD: Star, "Y" "L" etc.
TYPE OF INJURY
CONTUSIN.- are injuries caused by the action of hard bodies, blunt ie have no
sharp edges which act on the body via a more or less considerable force.
ESCORIACIN.- is a superficial skin lesion, with destruction of the epidermis and
dermis mildly affected.
Estudio.- form, scale, secretions, location, surrounding edema.
EQUIMOSIS.- infiltration is a blood under the skin in the dermis by rupture of blood
vessels indemnity of the epidermis.
Estudio.- shape, size, color, location.

Timeline:
Red-negruzco.- 1 to 3 days
Blue-violaceo.- 3 a6 days
Verde.- 7-10 days

Amarillo- 11 to 15 days
HEMATOMA.- blood accumulation of interstitial liquid in a space formed by
separating tissue planes.
Estudio.- shape, size, location.
HERIDAS.- solution of continuity of the skin.
Location Estudio.- mechanism, length, depth, edge and shape.
WOUNDED BY CONTUSIN.- is an injury (injury) produced by the action of a
blunt instrument.
Estudio.- Edges: irregular, detached, the wall is irregular surface with dermal
bridges. The fund is uneven.
LACERACIN.- is a discontinuity of an internal organ, caused by a blunt agent.
FRACTURA.- is a solution of continuity of a bone, caused by a blunt agent.
CONTUSIONS COMPLEJAS.- are produced by the association of two or more
mechanisms of concussion.
MORDEDURA.- blunt injury is caused by the teeth, is due to a combined
mechanism given pressure and traction. Lesions are provided at two opposite
concave curved lines.
APLASTAMIENTO.- is. The lesion produced by the convergent action of two strong
agents acting compression, usually one of the agents is still and due to their higher
surface acts of support, while the other causes compression due to the weight .
CONTUSIONS WITH DESPRENDIMIENTO.- are those lesions in which the agent
produces strong detachment of tissues or body segments.
LOCATED:
AVULSIN.- is torn or partial or complete detachment of the soft parts of a body
region, produced by the action of a strong agent is caused by pressure, followed by
traction.
AMPUTACIN.- "is the separation of a member or part thereof, the forceful agent
can do so by pressure or traction.
DECAPITACIN.- is the separation of the head from the body, pressure is exerted
on the neck, which in turn is supported on a hard plane.

WIDESPREAD:
It ATRICIN.- dividing the body into multiple fragments which remain in connection
through narrow bands of soft tissue.
It DESCUARTIZAMIENTO.- dividing the body into segments that are spaced apart.

Segunda parte
WHITE GUN INJURIES
ARMA BLANCA.- is the offending instrument handled manually that attacks the
body surface by an edge, a tip or two at a time.
WOUND CORTANTE.- Produced by instrument of a sheet of thin and triangular
section that works only for the edge.
Examples: knives, razor knife, thin sheet metal, broken glass.
>> Surfaces are extended predominantly wounds also called WOUNDS ENCISAS.
FEATURES: elliptical shape, linear edges, ends with an input queue: deep, cut,
and an output queue: shallow and long. Depth: skin, subcutaneous tissue and
surface vessels. Paredes; no. Hemorrhage: External.
PUNCTURE WOUND
Are produced by elongated instruments of varying diameter, but not considerably,
from small circular or elliptical section terminating in sharp points or so.
Examples: spines, thorns, pins, needles, nails, arrows, spears, ice pick, horned
cattle, etc.
WOUND extended predominantly in depth.
FEATURES: circular or triangular shape, with ring edges bruising, no ends. Depth:
reaches deep cavities and organs. The walls are smooth (duct), sometimes having
outlets (neck, limbs) bleeding is internal.
Puncture wound SHEAR
The mode of action can be considered as the sum or average term of sharp
instruments. Has an inlet port, sometimes one way and exit port.
Examples: Switchblade knives tip (kitchen), scissors, razors, stilettos.

>> Are extended predominantly in deep wounds.

FEATURES: Variable Form, according to the edge, straight edges, ends one high
and the other at recess. Depth reaches deep cavities and organs. Smooth walls.
The bleeding is severe.
WOUND CONVINCING SHORT
They are produced by instruments fitted with a sharp blade, but have considerable
weight, so that the cutting effect adds a large living force.
Examples: machetes, swords, ax, hoe, heavy knives.
Wounds are extended predominantly surface. ;
CHARACTERISTICS: usually elliptical, of equimoticos linear edges, sharp ends.
Depth: up muscle or bone. Fund is regular. The walls are smooth and flat. With
predominantly external bleeding.
OTHER INJURIES
Injury DEGELLO.- previous Lascara the neck with an edged weapon, which
achieves remarkable depth, interesting all levels, short arteries, veins and
sometimes the trachea.
HARA KIRI or EVENTRACIN.- is a wound in the abdominal wall caused by
scarlet-cutting instrument is performed in two stages, one for sectioning wall (soft
tissue) and the second to sever intestinal loops and vascular elements.

Tercera parte

WOUND FOR MISSILE FIRED

FOR FIREARM
Instruments are FUEGO.- ARMS firing a projectile by the action of an explosive
charge and other means of impulse through a metal cylinder.
Study: location, size, shape, borders, tattoo, ring concussion.
SECONDARY CHARACTERS

Remains MINA.- ROOM blackish (smoke, metal particles, grains of powder, mixed
with blood and fibers dress).
BLACK SPOTS OR GREY (area blurring) .- It is a nebulous areola representing
powdery deposit products of combustion (smoke).
TATUAJE.- coarse grains should unburned gunpowder, the penetration force is
sufficient to tear the epidermis and embedded.
PORT OF DEPARTURE:
FEATURES: The hole is larger, its shape is more irregular, everted edges, no ring
enjugamiento and bruising, no tattoo and blackening.
BACKGROUND: It is the direction in which the projectile leaves the gun since, until
it enters the body.
PATH: This is the address that follows the projectile inside the body.
BURNS
They are produced by calorific agents that transmit heat, 'through solid objects,
boiling liquids, vapors or gases or flames.
CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS
I GRADO.- Erythema is redness of the skin by the local capillary vasodilation,
pruritus, pain, one is located in epidermis.
II GRADO.- vesicles by liquefaction of the dermis, there edema, parchment plate,
yellow-black or gray-whitish.
III GRADO.- partial destruction of the skin, scar of interest dermis and connective
tissue, or grayish white-looking gray-brown to heal scars,
IV, V, VI GRADO.- Total destruction of tissue, reaching carbonization, even
affecting to the bone.
PENAL CODE IN THE STATE OF NAYARIT
PART NINETEEN
CRIMES AGAINST LIFE AND BODY INTEGRITY
CHAPTER I
LESIONES

ARTICLE 305. Injury is any damage to someone's body or health disorder, caused
by an external cause attributable to a person.
Article 306.- injury that does not endanger life and heals in less than fifteen days or
more than fifteen days.
ARTICLE 307. Injury to leave noticeable scar on his face forever.
ARTICLE 308.- injury that disrupts forever sight, or decrease the faculty of hearing,
hinder or permanently weaken a hand, arm, leg or other body on the floor or some
of the mental faculties.
ARTICLE 309. Injury resulting safe or probably incurable illness, disablement or
complete loss of an eye, an arm, a hand, a leg, or any organ function or when it is
deaf or hard incorrigible deformity.
ARTICLE 310. Injury to endanger life.
CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFICATION
MEDICOLEGAL OF INJURIES
There are five (5) criteria will study the lesions for classification:
1. TIMELINE: (Art. 306) From the point of view of number of days it takes to heal
an injury.
2. FUNCTIONAL: (Art 308). From the point of view that undermine or interfere with
or disturb any function forever.
3. somato-FUNCTIONAL: (Art. 309) From the point of view that mutilate with
somatic loss or invalidate organ function, leaving safe or incurable disease.
4. AESTHETIC: (Art 307.) Dropped perpetual and noticeable scar on face.
5. GRAVITY: (Art 310). From the point of view that injuries or endanger life.
INJURIES antemortem
To determine whether an injury was caused when the victim was alive, usually
followed three criteria:
CRITERIA MACROSCOPIC:
Includes hemorrhage, blood coagulation and tissue retraction.

HEMORRAGIA.- .confiable is a vital sign when it comes to a surface spill infiltrating

the tissue mesh (ecchymosis and hematoma). Its value is greater if the blood is
coagulated and the spill is far from hipostasias livideces areas.
BLEEDING OF THE SANGRE.- can be maintained until after death 6 hours.
antemortem coagulation however is more complete and is characterized by
increased adhesion to the tissues in which it occurs, can be verified by the
"washing test".
RETRACTION OF TEJIDOS.- is a condition that primarily occurs in the connective
and muscular tissue property that gradually disappears after death, the
antemortem wound is retracted to varying degrees according to the flat edges.
CRITERIA Histologist ICO
Best is to sign the polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, requires a minimum
survival interval 4 hours after the trauma caused.
histochemical CRITERIA
Is applied especially in the determination of histamine and serotonin, these amines
maximum concentrations appear around 10 and 20 min., After wounding, the
wound to establish was antermortem histamine concentration in a wound should
be above 50% of the control sample and for serotonin at least twice the
concentration of the skin check.