Michael Maturlak

Humanities 220
Dr. Joaqun Montero

Final Exam Maps

The First map shows details of Alexanders conquest and the extent of his control
around 323 BC. The outline of his battle route is shown along with the important battles
of Granicus, Issus, Gaugamela, and Hydaspes. Alexanders empire extended from Greece
and Macedonia in the west, to India to the east. He controlled the lands of the Nile River
valley in Egypt as well as the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Some of the most
important cities during that time included Alexandria in Egypt, Babylon near the Persian
Gulf, and Athens in Greece.
The Second map shows the Roman Empire around 200 AD. Controlled lands
included Spain to the west all the way to part of Mesopotamia near the Tigres and
Euphrates Rivers to the east. Control also included parts of Africa, including Egypt, in the
south to parts of current day Great Britain in the north. The Roman Empire controlled
three different current day continents of Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. Some
important cities include Rome, Athens, and Alexandria. The main trade routes, indicated
by the red line, were used to transport numerous goods such as fish, metals, wheat, cloth,
and wine from one area to another.

Final Exam Coins

1) This coin is called Attica. It came from Athens. The front shows a helmeted head of
Athena while the back displays and owl with an olive branch and crescent moon. The
owl was sacred to Athena and was a symbol of wisdom. The olive branch most likely

symbolized peace or maybe productivity. Both the owl and the olive branch are the
symbols of Athena. It has a date of circa 449-404 BC. This coin was one of the most
popular coins during that time period. This coin was made of silver.

2) This coin is called Alexander III. It was from Sicyon mint. It was made of silver and
has two different use periods of around 225-215 BC and 325-323 BC. The front of the
coin displays the head of Heracles, wearing lion skin and the back of the coin displays
Zeus holding a scepter and eagle. On the reverse side is an inscription
which translates to mean Alexander and which translates to
basileos, which means king or ruler of the people.

3) Minted by Lysimachus during the time 305 to 281 BC was called Macedonian Kings
of Thrace. This was a silver coin. It features the head of Alexander wearing the horn of
Ammon on the obverse side. The reverse shows the goddess Athena on a throne leaning
against a shield and holding a winged Nike. Nike was the goddess of victory. Alexander
thought of himself to be the god of Ammon, which is signified by the wearing of the
horn. The Greek letters translate to meanKingLysimachus,
who was the successor of Alexanders Macedonian Empire.

4) This coin is Hadrianus Sestertius. 134-138 AD made in Rome. The front shows
emperor Hadrian and the back shows Hadrian standing extending his right hand to raise
up Gallia kneeling left in front of him. Made of silver and minted in Rome. This coin
refers to the reforms made in Gaul around 121 AD, and is symbolized by Hadrian raising
a kneeling representation of Gallia.