Configure MSTP Regions and Instances

MSTP/RSTP SETTING
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STP (IEEE 802.1D)/ RSTP (IEEE 802.1w)/ MSTP (IEEE802.1s)
Layer2 based loop-free protection mechanism
Each device using STP/RSTP send BPDU frames, and root bridge, root port, designated port,
backup port and alternate port are decided by BPDU frame.
Widely used in the enterprise network
Protection Switching Time; STP < 60sec / RSTP < 2~3 sec
Topology is no limitation (Ring, Tree, etc)
Blocking
Failure
Forwarding
Forwarding
Blocking
Forwarding
Forwarding
Forwarding
Forwarding
Forwarding
Root Bridge
Root Bridge
Forwarding
Some topology (instance) can be treated with

same STP network
The VLANs are divided into some groups
(instances), and blocking port is decided in the
each group (instance).
MSTP is based on RSTP (IEEE 802.1w), and can
used RSTP independently in each VLAN
Enables load balancing, over a large
number of VLANs
The restructuring of each VLAN becomes
possible. As a result, the time required to
restructure can be shortened.
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Forwarding
Blocking
Forwarding
MSTI 2
VLAN: 201 - 300
Forwarding
Blocking
For MSTI1
Double
capacity
Blocking
For MSTI2
Root Bridge
MSTI 1
VLAN: 101 - 200
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STP Parameter - Bridge ID & Path Cost

Bridge ID (STP, RSTP)
Bridge ID (8 Bytes)
Bridge ID is main Parameter for
Spanning Tree Algorithm,
The Bridge with lowest Bridge ID
is selected as Root Bridge
Bridge Priority
Bridge MAC Address
2bytes
6bytes
Default Bridge Priority = 32768 (IEEE 802.1d)
Path Cost is accumulated Cost between a Bridge to Root Bridge.

Path Cost defined in IEEE802.1d
Link Speed
Cost
10Gbps
1Gbps
100Mbps
19
10MBps
100
*Port Cost is manually configurable

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Root Bridge
100Base-Tx
1000Base-T
0+4=4
4+19 =23
0+19 =19
100Base-Tx
10Base-T
19+100 =119
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STP IEEE 802.1D - Theory background (6)

Root Bridge
Non Root Bridge
Bridge: A
Bridge: B
Bridge ID 32768
Bridge ID 32768
MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-01
MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-03
Forwarding
Port 1
Spanning Tree Failure

The blocked port has gone into
Port 2
Forwarding
Forwarding RP
DP
Port 2
Port 1 as
DP
DP
Root port
Was Blocked
Now forwarding
Forwarding
Port 1 as
Summary of STP Port States

1. Blocking
2. Listening
BPDU
Root port
Forwarding
RP
Port 2
3. Learning
4. Forwarding
Non Root Bridge
5. Disabled
Bridge: C
Bridge ID 32768
MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-02
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Difference between STP and RSTP

STP
RSTP
STABLE
TOPOLOGY
ONLY THE ROOT SEND BPDU AND OTHERS

RELAY THEM.
ALL BRIDGES SEND BPDU EVERY HELLO (2SEC) AS A

KEEP ALIVE MECHANISM.
PORT ROLES
ROOT (FORWARDING)
DESIGNATED (FORWARDING)
NON-DESIGNATED (BLOCKING)
ROOT (FORWARDING)
DESIGNATED (FORWARDING)
ALTERNATE (DISCARDING)
BACKUP ( DISCARDING)
PORT STATES
DISABLED , BLOCKING, LISTENING,

LEARNING ,FORWARDING
DISCARDING (DISABLED, BLOCKING, LISTENING)

LEARNING, FORWARDING
TOPOLOGY
CHANGES
USE TIMERS FOR CONVERGENCE

INFORMED FROM THE ROOT.
HELLO (2SEC)
MAX AGE (20SEC)
FORWARDING DELAY TIME (15SEC)
PROPOSAL AND AGREEMENT PROCESS FOR

SYNCHRONIZATION (LESS THAN 1 SEC)
HELLO, MAX AGE AND FORWARDING DELAY TIMERS USED
ONLY FOR BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY WITH STP. ONLY
RSTP PORT RECEIVING STP
TRANSITION
SLOW: (50SEC), BLOCKING (20SEC)=>

LISTENING (15 SEC) => LEARNING (15SEC)
=> FORWARDING.
FASTER: NO LEARNING STATES. DOESNT WAIT TO BE

INFORMED BY OTHERS, INSTEAD, ACTIVELY LOOKS FOR
POSSIBLE FAILURE BY A FEED BACK MECHANISM.
TOPOLOGY
CHANGE
WHEN A BRIDGE DISCOVER A CHANGE IN

THE NETWORK IT INFORM THE ROOT. THEN
EVERY BRIDGE CAN GENERATE TOPOLOGY CHANGE AND
ROOT INFORMS THE OTHER BRIDGES BY
INFORM ITS NEIGHBORS WHEN IT IS AWARE OF
SENDING BPDU AND INSTRUCT THE
TOPOLOGY CHANGE AND IMMEDIATELY DELETE OLD DB
OTHERS TO CLEAR THE DB ENTRIES
AFTER THE FORWARDING DELAY
CHANGE ROOT
IF A BRIDGE (NON-ROOT) DOESN'T

RECEIVE HELLO FOR 10X HELLO TIME,
FROM THE ROOT, IT START CLAIMING THE
ROOT ROLE BY GENERATING ITS OWN
HELLO.
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IF A BRIDGE DOESNT RECEIVE 3X HELLOS FROM THE

ROOT, IT START CLAIMING THE ROOT ROLE BY
GENERATING ITS OWN HELLO
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MSTP Setting
M1
iPaso200-D
M1
P1
MSTP Region: ABC

iPaso200-E
Revision:0
M2
M2
M1
M2
iPaso400-F
P1
iPaso400-B
P2
P1
MSTP Region: NEC
IDU No.
Bridge Priority (MSTI1)
Bridge Priority (MSTI2)
Instance No. (MSTI1)
Instance No. (MSTI2)
1
4096
20480
1
2
2
8192
12288
1
2
3
8192
20480
1
2
In Normal condition mark the status of each modem Forwarding or Discarding

MSTI1
MODEM1
MODEM 2
MSTI2
MODEM 1
MODEM 2
IDU 1
IDU 2
IDU 3
After Failure condition mark the status of each modem Forwarding or Discarding
MSTI1
MODEM1
MODEM 2
MSTI2
MODEM 1
MODEM 2
IDU 1
IDU 2
IDU 3
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MSTP Setting
Select RSTP/MSTP Setting from the ETH

Function Setting Menu.
Click the Modify STP Mode icon on the
ETH Function Setting RSTP/MSTP
Setting display.
In the STP Mode Setting window click the
STP Mode dropdown list and select
MSTP and click Ok. Click OK again on
the Complete information window.
RSTP/MSTP Setting display shows the
current setting.
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MSTP Setting
Click the Modify STP Port icon on the RSTP/MSTP Setting display. And set
the parameters for MSTP. Select each tab IST, MSTPI1 to MSTI4 as
required and set the parameters.
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MSTP Setting
Enter the Region Name (32 Characters). This should be same on all
members of the MSTP Region.
Enter the Revision Number (0 - 65535). Of the configuration. All
members of the MSTP region must have the same Revision No.
The MSTP revision level is the revision number of the configuration. All
switches in an MSTP region must have the same revision level configured
BPDU Guard Timer Usage: to use this function, select the Used radio
Button. This function prevent external BPDUs from changing the
topology.
If BPDU Guard Timer usage is selected as Use, then enter the Timer
value in seconds ( 10 1000000). When unwanted BPDU is detected
in the port, it will block the port for the timer period preventing the
BPDU to pass.
M1
iPaso200-D
M1
If BPDU Guard Timer usage is selected as Use, then enter the Timer
value in seconds ( 10 1000000). When unwanted BPDU is detected
in the port, it will block the port for the timer period preventing the
BPDU to pass.
MSTP Region: ABC

iPaso200-E
Revision:0
M2
M2
M1
M2
iPaso400-F
P1
iPaso400-B
P2
P1
MSTP Region: NEC
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CIST Setting
Every Region has a Common Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) that forms a single
spanning tree instance including all the members in the region. CIST operates
across the MSTP region and create a loop free topology across regions. In
each region several MSTP Instances (up to 4) can be created with each
instance catering for a group of VLANs. MSTP instance operates within the
Region.
Select the tab IST to configure the CIST. Enable the ports that is makes the STP. If
any port is an Edge port select Enable from the drop down list.
For each of the ports selected:
STP Port Path Cost: select Auto for automatically detect the path Cost or select
Manual and enter the Path cost value
STP Port Priority: select port priority value from the drop down list (default is 128)
BPDU Guard: select from the drop down list enable to enable BPDU Guard function
for the Port.
Root Guard: select from the drop down list enable to enable Root Guard function for
the Port.
Click the Member VLAN and select the VLANs for each instance (IST, MSTI# ).
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MSTI Setting
Configure the MSTP instances in the selected region
by clicking on the MSTI# tabs.
Select Enable radio button on the selected MSTI#.
MSTI Regional Root Bridge Priority /ID will be
automatically selected on the MAC address, Bridge
Priority
Enter the Instance number for the selected MSTP
Instance.
Select the Bridge Priority (MSTI) from the drop down
list. This selection can force the Bridge ID to be
higher or lower to select as root Bridge for the
selected instance.
Click on the Member VLAN and select the VLANs for
the selected MSTI from the VLAN List and the radio
buttons.
Select the port associated with MSTP in the region
from the check boxes.
Select the STP Port Path Cost and STP Port Priority
from the respective drop down lists.
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MSTP Setting
Selected Root Bridge Priority/ ID for

CIST, CIST Regional, and each MSTI are
shown.
Forwarding and disable status
of ports for each Instance is
shown under status column.
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Detail STP Parameter Setting
Item
Parameter
Description
STP Bridge Priority

STP Bridge MAX Age
0 to 61440
6 to 40 s
Change default STP priority of the bridge

Set the expiration of the Configuration BPDU stored,
Bridge will. notice that a topology change has occurred
after the Max Age time elapses and the BPDU is aged
out
STP Bridge Hello Time

STP Bridge Forward
Delay
1s
2s
4 to 30 s
Set the period of sending Configuration BPDUs from

Root Bridge.
Set the delay when the port is going to change the state
from Listening to Learning.
STP TX Hold Count
1 to 10
Set the number of BPDU which can be sent per second.
STP MAX Hop Count
1 to 40
See below
The MSTP maximum hop count value is the maximum number of hops in the region. The MSTI root bridge sends BPDUs with the hop
count set to the maximum value. When a bridge receives this BPDU, it decrements the remaining hop count by one and propagates this
hop count in the BPDUs it sends. When a bridge receives a BPDU with a hop count of zero, the bridge discards the BPDU
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Ether Ring Protection
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G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching

Utilizing widely-deployed Ethernet (802.1,3) with OAM
(802.1ag/Y.1731)
Loop-free protection mechanism
Protection Switching Time <50ms
Scalable topologies
Single ring, interconnected rings, and logical rings
No. of nodes per ring: no limitation in theory
Administrative operation
Forced switching
Manual switching
Revertive/ Non-revertive
Client #1
Signal
Traffic
separation
with VLAN
Tag
ETH-CC
RPL
(Ring Protection Link)
Client #2
Signal
RPL
(Ring Protection Link)
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G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection

u
u
u
u
u
u
u
G.8032 is an ITU Recommendation

Defines the APS (Automatic Protection Switching ) protocol and protection switching
mechanisms for ETH layer ring topologies.
Use of standard 802 MAC and OAM frames around the ring
Uses standard 802.1Q , but with xSTP disabled.
Prevents loops within the ring by blocking one of the links
Monitoring of the ETH layer for discovery and identification of Signal Failure (SF)
conditions.
Protection and recovery switching within 50 ms for typical rings.
Unblock
blocking Port
Blocking
Port
Client Traffic
1) Normal Condition
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Submission of
FDB Flush,
Unblock blocking Port
2) Failure Event
3) Switchover Condition
212
Failure monitoring
G.8032 utilizes the following monitoring functions to detect link / node failures certainly.
Physical layer: Link down detected by Ethernet PHY (Optical/Electrical), etc.
Link layer: ETH-CC defined on Y.1731/802.1ag between adjacent ring nodes.
Messaging interval: 3.33msec at minimum
Failure Detection time = 3.33 msec * 3.5 = 11.7msec

cc
MEP-2
MEP-1
MEP-3
cc

cc
cc
MEP-2
MEP-4
MEP-1
MEP-8
cc
MEP-7
MEP-3
MEP-5
MEP-6
1) Normal Condition
cc
Client Traffic
MEP-4
Submission of
FDB Flush,
LOC
MEP-8
cc
MEP-5
MEP-7
LOC
MEP-6
cc
cc
2) Failure Event
ETH-CC (Continuity Check) enables to detect failures on several

conditions which physical layer monitoring cant do.
n Unidirectional link failure
n Partial failure in equipment
n Decline of signal level (less than Loss of Signal)
n In case if no ability to detect a failure is on physical layer
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cc
LOC
cc
cc
3) Switchover Condition
LOC
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Multiple instance
Several logical rings can be configured in the physical ring
(G.8032V2)
Each logical ring can have a group of user VLANs (instances)
and can place a block port at a different point respectively
Load balancing can be achieved in normal condition, and the
higher priority traffic can be protected even in case of failure
Instance#2
(Middle & Low priority)
block port for
instance#2
High priority
Middle priority
Low priority
block port for

instance#1
Double
capacity
Instance#1
(High priority)
Instance#2
(Middle & Low priority)
Failure
block port for

instance#2
High priority
Middle priority
Low priority
Instance#1
Unblocked for (High priority)
instance#1
Drop
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Low priority
traffic is
dropped based
on QoS
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Multiple instances (2/3)

Multiple instances per physical ring
Logical rings can be configured on a physical ring.
Each logical ring has a group of user VLANs (instances)
and a dedicated APS channel.
APS protocol runs independently.
RPL can be placed at a different point respectively
FDB flush operation is performed per logical ring
All logical rings shares the monitoring information of
ETH-CC (link layer) and Link Failure (physical layer).
User VLAN group #1
APS channel #1
(Link Monitoring) ETH-CC-1
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Physical
Instance #1
User VLAN group #2

APS channel #2
Instance #2
User VLAN group #3

APS channel #3
Instance #3
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Scenario A - Normal to Protection

RPL
Node-A
Node-B
Node-C
Node-D
Node-E
Node-G
RPL Owner
Node-F
1
NORMAL
STATE
failure
2
3
4
PROTECTION
STATE
Flush
5
6
7
SF
SF
SF
Flush
Flush
SF
1 . Normal State Node-G is the RPL Owner

2 . Failure Occurs
3 . Node D and Node C detect local signal fail
condition and block the failed ports
4 . While the SF condition continues Node C and
Node D periodically send SF (signal Fail) Messages
on both ring ports
5 . Each node performs a FDB flush operation after
receiving the SF message
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SF
SF
Flush
Flush
SF
Flush
Flush
50 ms
SF
SF
SF
SF
6 . When the RPL owner receives the SF message it

unblock the RPL link
7 . Stable State SF messages on the ring . Further
SF messages does not trigger further action
Message source
Client ch block
R-APS ch block
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Scenario B recovery
Node-A
Node-B
Node-C
Node-D
Node-E
Node-F
Node-G
RPL Owner
failure
SF
SF
SF
11
SF
SF
NR
NR
NR
recovery
NR
NR
Confirmation time
PROTECTION
STATE
9
10 NR
SF
12
13
NORMAL
STATE
NR,
RPL Blocked
Flush
Flush
NR,
RPL Blocked
9 . In Stable SF condition Node C and D continue to send SF

messages every 5sec.
10 . Recovery of failure
11 . Node C and D detects clearing of SF condition and start the
guard timer and initiate periodical transmission of NR messages on
both ring ports (guard timer prevents reception of R-APS messages
12. When RPL owner receives the NR message, it starts the Wait to
Restore Timer (WTR)
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Flush
Flush
Flush
15
NR,
RPL Blocked
Flush
Flush
NR,
RPL Blocked
50 ms
14
NR,
RPL Blocked
NR,
NR Blocked
RPL
14. When the Guard timer at Node C and D expire they may start receiving
new R-APS messages
15. At the expiration of WTR timer, RPL owner blocks its end of of the
RPL link, sends NR RB message
16. Each node after re3ceivng the NR RB message flushes its FDB.
17. When Node c and D receive the NR RB message, they remove the
block on their blocked ports
18 . Stable normal condition all nodes go to Idle state
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Protection Switching Trigger Condition

Protection switching trigger conditions:
Fault Conditions
Signal Failure (SF): local signal failure (local SF) will be submitted to protection trigger
module once a failure is detected at endpoint.
Signal Degrade (SD): local signal degrade (local SD) will be submitted to protection trigger
module once a signal degrade is detected
External commands
Manual switch (MS): Maintenance command for temporarily switching normal traffic to
working transport entity or protection transport entity, unless a higher priority switch request
(i.e., FS, or SF) is in effect.
Forced switch (FS): Maintenance command for temporarily switching normal traffic from
working transport entity to protection transport entity, unless a higher priority switch request is
in effect.
Clear: This maintenance command clears all of the externally initiated switch
commands listed above clearing the Maintenance command.
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Revertive / Non-Revertive operation

Non-revertive vs. Revertive Protection Operation Types:
Non-revertive operation
The normal traffic will not be switched back to the working transport entity even
after a protection switching cause has cleared.
Revertive Operation
The normal traffic is restored to the working transport entity after the condition (s)
causing the protection switching has cleared.
In the case of clearing a command (e.g., Forced Switch), this happens
immediately.
In the case of clearing of a defect, this generally happens after the expiry of a
"Wait- to-Restore (WTR)" timer, which is used to avoid chattering of selectors in
the case of intermittent defects.
WTR (Wait to Restore) Timer In the revertive mode of operation, to prevent frequent operation of the
protection switch due to an intermittent defect, a failed working transport entity must become stable in a faultfree state. After the failed working transport entity meets this criterion, a fixed period of time shall elapse
before traffic channel uses it again. This period is called the wait-to-restore (WTR) period, (1 to 12 Min)
In the revertive mode, when the protection is no longer requested, i.e., the failure condition has been cleared,
a wait-to-restore state will be activated on the RPL owner node. This state shall normally time out and become
a no-request state. The wait-to-restore timer is deactivated when any request of higher priority pre-empts this
state. In short, This is the number of seconds the RPL owner waits from receiving indication that topology has
returned to its pre-failure state untill it actually operates according to that indication, i.e. blocks the RPL-port.
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Protection Operation timers

Guard Timer R-APS messages are transmitted continuously. This, combined with the R-APS messages
forwarding method, in which messages are copied and forwarded at every ring node around the ring, can
result in a message corresponding to an old request, which is no longer relevant, being received by ring
nodes. The reception of messages with outdated information could result in erroneous interpretation of the
existing requests in the ring and lead to erroneous protection switching decisions
The guard timer is used to prevent ring nodes from receiving outdated R-APS messages. During the
duration of the guard timer, all received R-APS messages are ignored by the ring protection control
process. This allows that old messages still circulating on the ring may be ignored. This, however, has the
side effect that, during the period of the guard timer, a node will be unaware of new or existing ring
requests transmitted from other nodes.
The period of the guard timer may be configured by the operator in 10 ms steps between 10 ms and 2
seconds, with a default value of 500 ms. This time should be greater than the maximum expected
forwarding delay for which one R-APS message circles around the ring.
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Sub Ring
Flexible placement of RPL
The shortest path per user traffic can be selected in normal
condition.
Sub-Ring and Sub-Ring (inter connected node) is available only in iPasolink 1000
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ETHER RING PROTECTION SETTING
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ERP
iPASO 200D
iPASO 400F
iPASO 200E
Item
PORT1
M1
M1
M2
M1
ETH Port1
MEG / (MEG LEV)/ CC Period
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
MEP (VLAN 100)
MEP (VLAN 200)
12
10
11
Peer MEP (VLAN100)
Peer MEP (VLAN 200)
11
10
12
Ring ID/Ring Name
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
ERP Ver
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
Ring Port-0
P1
P1
M1
M1
P1
P1
Ring Port-1
M1
M1
M2
M2
M1
M1
RPL Owner /RPL Port
Enable / 0
Enable / 1
Revertive/WTR
Revertive/1
Revertive/1
Guard Time
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
Control VLAN
1001
1002
1001
1002
1001
1002
R-APS MSG Period
MEG Lev
Traffic VLAN
100/300
200/400
100/300
200/400
100/300
200/400
CTRL MAC Address
:01
:02
:01
:02
:01
:02
LOC Det
enable
enable
enable
enable
enable
enable
Ring Port-0
Ring Port-1
M1
M2
100/200/300/400
400-F
100/200/300/400
P1
200-D
RING2 RPL
100/200/300/400
200-E
M1
M1
Tester
100/200/300/400
P1
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P1
P2
RING1 RPL
223
ERP
iPASO 200A
iPASO 1000C
iPASO 400B
Item
PORT1
M1
M1
M2
M1
ETH Port1
MEG / (MEG LEV)/ CC Period
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
MEP (VLAN 100)
MEP (VLAN 200)
12
10
11
Peer MEP (VLAN100)
Peer MEP (VLAN 200)
11
10
12
Ring ID/Ring Name
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
ERP Ver
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
Ring Port-0
P1
P1
M1
M1
P1
P1
Ring Port-1
M1
M1
M2
M2
M1
M1
RPL Owner /RPL Port
Enable / 0
Enable / 1
Revertive /WTR
Revertive/1
Revertive/1
Guard Time
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
Control VLAN
1001
1002
1001
1002
1001
1002
R-APS MSG Period
MEG Lev
Traffic VLAN
100/300
200/400
100/300
200/400
100/300
200/400
CTRL MAC Address
:01
:02
:01
:02
:01
:02
LOC Det
enable
enable
enable
enable
enable
enable
Ring Port-0
Ring Port-1
1000-C
M1
100/200/300/400
M2
100/200/300/400
P1
200-A
RING2 RPL
400-B
100/200/300/400
M1
Tester
M1
100/200/300/400
P1
P2
100/200/300/400
P1
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RING1 RPL
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ETHER RING PROTECTION - OAM Setting

Create an OAM MEG for the ring.
For each Ring create a set of MEPs as shown in the
diagram below.
Confirm that no LOC alarm appear in the current
status screen
MEP6
NE3
MEP5
MEP12
NE3
MEP11
MEP1
NE1
Blocking
Port
MEP4
NE2
MEP7
NE1
MEP10
NE2
MEP2
MEP3
MEP8
MEP9
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OAM(Ring1)VLAN 15
OAM (Ring2) VLAN 14
Traffic(Ring1)
Traffic(Ring2)
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ETHER RING PROTECTION Setting (1 of 5)
Select the ERP Setting from the ETH Function

Setting MENU
Click the Modify ERP mode icon on the ERP
setting screen and select the ERP Mode Enable
radio button
Click the OK button. ERP setting progress bar
indicate under execution
Click the OK button on the Complete dialog
window
Confirm that the ERP mode is Enabled is
indicated in the ERP Setting screen
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Click the Add ERP icon on the ERP Setting screen. Step-1 of the ERP Setting wizard
opens.
Select the Ring ID from the drop down list (01 to 16)
Enter the Ring Name (up to 32 characters)
Select the ERP Version radio button G.8032v1 or G.8032v2 as appropriate
Select the Ring Port 0 item (Interface /Modem) and the port from the drop down List
Select the Ring Port 1 item (Interface /Modem) and the port from the drop down List
Port name of the assigned port will appear if a name is given to the port.
In RPL Owner Setting select Enable radio button if one of the selected Rings port is
going to be a RPL port. If not select the Disabled radio button

If selected Enable in the previous selection, select which port is going to be the RPL port
for the ring. Port0 or Port 1 by selecting the appropriate radio button
Select protection switching is to be Revertive or Non-Revertive. Click the appropriate
radio button
If Revertive is selected in the previous item, select the Wait-To-Restore (WTR) timer
value from the drop down list (1 to 12 min)

Enter the Guard Timer value (10ms to 2000 ms)
Click the Next button to go to Step2 ERP VLAN Setting window
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227

In the Control VLAN ID enter a VLAN ID that is not part of the traffic (not in the VLAN
List) for the selected ring.

Select the Control MAC Address for the selected ring. Same MAC address can be
used for different instances of the same physical ring. MAC address should be
different fro multiple physical rings. Change the last two digits of the MAC address
for each ring
Select the R-APS Message Priority (0 tom7 0 from the drop down List
Select the R-APS Message MEG Level from the drop down List
Enable the Traffic VLAN IDs from the VLAN list by selecting the appropriate Check
boxes. If the required VLAN ID is not in the list click on the Add VLAN ID button and
enter the VLAN ID and the VLAN Service Name, VLAN ID will appear in the list, enable
the check box to select it. The VLANs grayed out in the list are already assigned to a
different ring and cannot be selected
Click the Next button to go to Step3 ERP LOC Detection MEP Index Setting window.
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228
In the Step 3 ERP LOC Detection MEP Index Setting
window, Click the Enable Radio button. Ring0 and Ring 1

selection area become active
Select the LOC Detection MEP Index for Ring Port0 and
Ring Port1 by clicking on the appropriate radio button

Click the Next button to go to Step-4 Setting
Confirmation Screen
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229

Click the Delete ERP icon to
delete any created Ether Rings.
Select the Ring ID to be deleted
from the drop down list and click
the OK button
Click the OK button on the Step-4

Setting Confirmation Screen. Apply
the setting and close the Add ERP
Setting wizard
Confirm the added Ether Ring is listed

in the ERP Setting screen.
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230
ERP Status information

Select the Current Status menu and click on the IDU tab to
see the ETH Ring Status information
ETH Ring Cause
Local NR: Status change caused by NR( No Request)
Manual control Locally
Local SF: Status change caused by SF( Signal Fail)
detection on local node
Remote NR: Status change caused by NR( No Request)
Manual Control from Remote
ETH Ring Status
Idle: State where only an RPL port has been blocked and
no fault has occurred at every link in the ring
Pending: State where one or more failures occurred at links
in the ring, or switchback has been performed after a fault
recovery
ETH Ring Port status
RPL blocking: State where an RPL port has been blocked.
This state can be caused at a port that has been set as an
RPL port.
Forwarding: State where user frames and R-APS control
frames can be transmitted.
WTR: State where a switchback to the steady state has
been performed after a link fault recovery. This sate can be
caused at a port that has been set as an RPL port.
Protection: State where only an RPL port has been

blocked and no fault has occurred at every link in the ring
Recovery: State where a link fault has been recovered

signal fail: State where a link fault was detected and the port
with the fault has been blocked.
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231
ERP Control-1
Select Maintenance Mode First
Select the ERP Control screen by

Selecting the ERP Control from the
Maintenance Protection Control Menu
Select the ERP Control screen by clicking

the ERP CTRL from the ERP Setting
screen. You can switch between the two
screens
Select the Loop Detection Restart

icon on the Protection Control ERP Control screen.
iPASOLINK monitor the loop detection when it receives its

own R-APS control frame.
When the node receives own R-APS control frame at
160frames/100msec, the node detects the loop.
Select the Ring to be Loop detection restart,
by the appropriate check box(s) and clicking
the OK button
NEC Confidential
Loop Detection Restart reset the receive counter of own RAPS control frame.
No traffic loss occurs when Loop Detection Restart.
232
ERP Control-2
Maintenance Control-Protection Control ERP Control screen
provides manual switching of the Ethernet Rings.
Click the Ring ID number of the ring to be manually switched. ERP
Control (RING ID#) window opens for the selected ring.
Select the Manual control to applied from the drop down List..
Available Options are:
Forced SW:
Manual SW:
Clear: Clear the Maintenance Control
Select the Blocked Port to be switched to forwarding, Ring Port 0 or
Ring Port 1,
Click the OK button to apply the maintenance control
Maintenance control is applied is indicated by the yellow highlighting
of the controlled Ring ID number.
Ring Port status# indicate switching status.
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233
Radio Aggregation
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234
Whats Radio Aggregation?

Whats Radio Aggregation?
Radio Aggregation Group bundle several radio links to the same destination
providing increased Ethernet bandwidth and high reliability by combining them into
one logical link, and to provide redundancy in case, one of the links fail.
Why Radio Aggregation?
Increased link capacity: the capacity of multiple Radio Links are combined into one logical link.
Higher link availability: If a link within a Radio Aggregation Group fails the traffic is not disrupted
and communication is maintained
Load sharing: Traffic is distributed across multiple Radio links, minimizing the probability that a
single link be overwhelmed.
Radio Aggregation uses Static Link Aggregation
Treat multiple switch ports as one switch port for high-bandwidth connections
A static LAG balances the traffic load across the links in the channel. If a physical link within the
static LAG fails, traffic over the failed link is moved to the remaining links.
The following parameters are considered for distribution of traffic among the bundled
radio links on iPASOLINK
l L2 based
l L3 based
Source MAC Address
Source IP Address
Destination MAC Address
Destination IP Address
VLAN ID
Source TCP Port Number
Ether Type
Destination TCP Port Number
Port ID of input Ethernet Port
NEC Confidential
l MPLS based
MPLS label
235
Radio Aggregation (iPASOLINK-400)

MODEM#1
Aggregation
Group1
Aggregation
Group1
GRP1
MODEM#2
Port-1
L2SW
MODEM#3
Port-n
MODEM#4
Aggregation
Group1
MODEM#1
MODEM#2
Aggregation
Group1
GRP1
MODEM#3
Port-1
L2SW
MODEM#4
Port-n
Radio Aggregation supports up to 8 links in one group ( in iPASOLINK1000)

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236
Radio Aggregation (iPASOLINK-400)

MODEM#1
Aggregation
Group1
Aggregation
Group1
GRP1
MODEM#3
GRP2
Aggregation
Group2
NEC Confidential
MODEM#2
MODEM#4
Port-1
L2SW
Port-n
Aggregation
Group2
237
Distribution algorithm L2 Base

Byte6
Source MAC Address
Byte5
Byte5
VLAN ID
Ether Type
Byte4
Byte3
Byte2
Byte1
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte1
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
The distribution algorithm is calculated by using the

first 3 bits of each Byte and XOR them.
Byte1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Bits
LAG
Distribution Results iPASO 400
Byte1
10
Byte2
16
17
18
Byte3
25
Byte1
Byte1
Byte2
24
Byte2
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte2
Port ID
Byte3
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte6
Byte4
26
Byte4
Exclusive OR
Results
Source
MAC
Address
Two
modems
Three
modems
Four
modems
Output Modem #
0
(000)
(001)
32
33
34
Byte5
40
41
42
Byte6
(010)
(011)
(100)
(101)
(110)
(111)
Byte1
10
Byte2
16
17
18
Byte3
24
25
26
Byte4
32
33
34
Byte5
40
41
42
Byte6
Byte1
10
Byte2
Byte1
10
Byte2
NEC Confidential
Byte1
Destination
MAC
Address
VLAN ID
Ether Type
Port No.
Exclusive OR results
MODEM#1
MODEM#2
Port1
MODEM#3
MODEM#4
The distribution algorithm is calculated by using certain bits of each

parameters. (first 3 bits of each byte) The source address, destination
address, VLAN ID, etc are different values between several streams, the
XOR result decide the link to be transmitted.
238

Byte6
Source IP Address
IPv4
Byte5
Byte4
Byte3
Byte2
Byte1
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte12
Byte11
Byte10
Byte9
Byte8
Byte7
95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47
Byte16
Byte15
Byte14
Byte13
127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99
Byte6
Byte5
Byte4
Byte3
IPv4
Byte2
98
97
96
Byte1
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Destination IP Address
Byte12
Byte11
Byte10
Byte9
Byte8
Byte7
95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47
Byte16
Byte15
Byte14
Byte13
127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99
Byte2
Source TCP Port No.
Byte1
Byte2
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Destination TCP Port No.
Byte1
10
Byte2
16
17
18
Byte3
24
25
26
Byte4
Byte1
10
Byte2
16
17
18
Byte3
24
97
Byte1
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Bits
0
98
LAG
Source IP
Address
MODEM#1

Exclusive OR
Results
Two
modems
Three
modems
Four
modems
MODEM#2
Output Modem #
Destination IP
Address
(000)
(001)
25
26
Byte4
(010)
Byte1
(011)
10
Byte2
(100)
Byte1
(101)
10
Byte2
(110)
(111)
TCP Source Port

TCP Destination
port
Exclusive OR Results
Port1
MODEM#3
MODEM#4
239
96

00
00000000
000
Byte1
01
00000001
001
Byte2
02
00000010
010
Byte3
03
00000011
011
Byte4
04
00000100
100
Byte5
05
00000101
101
Byte6
00
00000000
000
Byte1
05
00000101
101
Byte2
06
00000110
110
Byte3
07
00000111
111
Byte4
08
00001000
000
Byte5
09
00001001
001
Byte6
64H
01100100
100
Byte1
Source MAC
Address
Destination
MAC Address
MAC SA= 00:01:02:03:04:05(hex)
00000000
000
Byte1
00001000
000
Byte2
00000001
001
Byte1
001
MAC DA= 00:05:06:07:08:09(hex)
VLAN ID
Byte2
0800H
LAG
MODEM#1
MODEM#2
VLAN ID= 64(hex)
Ether Type
ethertype= 800(hex)
Port1
Port No.
MODEM#3
Exclusive OR results
MODEM#4

Exclusive OR
Results
Two
modems
Three
modems
Four
modems
Output Modem #
0
(000)
(001)
(010)
(011)
(100)
(101)
(110)
(111)
NEC Confidential
(1)
Source MAC Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (001) XOR (010) XOR (011) XOR
(100) XOR (101) = 001(bin)
(2)
Destination MAC Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (101) XOR (110) XOR (111)
XOR (000) XOR (001) = 101(bin)
(3)
VLAN ID XOR Result = (100) = 100(bin)
(4)
ethertype XOR Result = (000) XOR (000) = 000(bin)
(5)
Source Port Number = 001(bin)
240

192
11000000
000
Byte1
168
10101000
000
Byte2
00000000
000
Byte3
100
01100100
100
Byte4
192
11000000
000
Byte1
168
10101000
000
Byte2
00000001
001
Byte3
200
11001000
000
Byte4
80
00000000
000
Byte1
00001000
000
Byte2
00000000
000
Byte1
00001000
000
Byte2
80
101
Source IP
Address
Destinati
on IP
Address
TCP
Source
Port
LAG
TCP
Destinati
on port
MODEM#1
Exclusive OR Results
MODEM#2

Exclusive OR
Results
Two
modems
Three
modems
Four
modems
Port1
MODEM#3
Output Modem #
0
(000)
IP SA= 192.168.0.100
(001)
(010)
IP DA= 192.168.1.200
(011)
TCP SRC= 80
(100)
(101)
TCP DST= 80
(110)
(111)
NEC Confidential
MODEM#4
(1)
Source IP Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (000) XOR (000) XOR (100) = 100(bin)
(2)
Destination IP Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (000) XOR (001) XOR (000) = 001(bin)
(3)
SRC TCP Port XOR Result = (000) XOR (000)= 000(bin)
(4)
DST TCP Port XOR Result = (000) XOR (000) = 000(bin)
241
Distribution algorithm MPLS Base

Initial hash, hash_key[127:0] is defined below
Bits
Corresponding Label
127:112
MPLS Top Label [15:0]
111:96
MPLS second Label [15:0]
95:0
All 0
If top label BOS field=1, all 0
Apply CRC16 to the hash_key [127:0] and obtain 16 bit result

Extract bits [7:0] of the CRC16 results and convert hexadecimal to
decimal and divide by the number of LAG ports and note the
remainder
Remainder
The remainder corresponds to

the Port ID of the LAG group
LAG
Port ID
0
1
2
3
MODEM#1
0
1
2
3
Port ID 0
MODEM#2
Port ID 1
Port1
MODEM#3
Port ID 2
Label
Example CRC output Low 8 bits
Decimal
Remainder
2 Modems
3Modems
F59c
9c
156
B6db
Db
219
Ca3b
3b
59
897c
7c
124
3520
20
32
d667
67
103
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242
Example of demonstration configuration (L2 based)

LAG (L2 based)
MODEM#1
MODEM#1
Port1
Port1
MODEM#2
MODEM#2
56MHz, 258QAM
Stream-1
Ethernet
Stream-2
Tester
Stream
No.
Dst MAC Address
Src MAC Address
VLAN ID
ethertype
Stream-1
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:02:00:01
10 (hex:0A)
0800
Stream-2
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:01:00:01
10 (hex:0A)
0800
Stream-1:
Distribution Result = (011) XOR (011) XOR (010) XOR (000) XOR (001) = 011(bin) 3(dec)
Stream-2:
Distribution Result = (011) XOR (000) XOR (010) XOR (000) XOR (001) = 000(bin) 0(dec)
NEC Confidential
Distribution
Result
Output
port
0 (000)
MODEM#1
1 (001)
MODEM#2
2 (010)
MODEM#1
3 (011)
MODEM#2
4 (100)
MODEM#1
5 (101)
MODEM#2
6 (110)
MODEM#1
7 (111)
MODEM#2
243
Example of demonstration configuration (L3 based)

LAG (L3 based)
MODEM#1
MODEM#1
Port1
Port1
MODEM#2
MODEM#2
56MHz, 256QAM
Stream-1
Ethernet
Stream-2
Tester
Stream
No.
Dst
MAC
Src MAC
VLAN ID
Dst IP
Address
Src IP
Address
Dst TCP port
Src TCP
port
Stream-1
Any
Any
Any
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.11
80
80
Stream-2
Any
Any
Any
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.12
80
80
Stream-1:
Distribution Result = (010) XOR (000) XOR (000) XOR (000) = 010(bin) 2(dec)
Stream-2:
Distribution Result = (101) XOR (000) XOR (000) XOR (000) = 101(bin) 5(dec)
NEC Confidential
Distribution
Result
Output
port
0 (000)
MODEM#1
1 (001)
MODEM#2
2 (010)
MODEM#1
3 (011)
MODEM#2
4 (100)
MODEM#1
5 (101)
MODEM#2
6 (110)
MODEM#1
7 (111)
MODEM#2
244
Example of demonstration configuration (MPLS based)

LAG (MPLS based)
MODEM#1
MODEM#1
Port1
Port1
MODEM#2
MODEM#2
28MHz, 256QAM
Stream-1
Ethernet
Stream-2
Stream No.
Tester
Dst MAC
Src MAC
EXP
MPLS 1st Label
Stream-1
Any
Any
Any
Distribute
Stream-2
Any
Any
Any
Distribute
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245
Notes (1/2)
The distribution algorithm is calculated by using certain bits of

each parameters. Therefore, even if the source address,
destination address, VLAN ID, etc are different values between
several streams, the XOR result can becomes the same
(example)
Stream
No.
Dst MAC Address
Src MAC Address
VLAN ID
ethertype
XOR result
Stream-1
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:02:00:01
10
(hex:0A)
0800
3(dec)
Stream-2
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:02:00:11
10
(hex:0A)
0800
3(dec)
The distribution algorithm uses the XOR result. Therefore, even

if the different values are used between several streams, the
XOR result might become the same.
These bits are tot used bits
(example)
NEC Confidential
Stream
No.
Dst MAC Address
Src MAC Address
VLAN ID
ethertype
XOR result
Stream-1
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:02:00:01
10
(hex:0A)
0800
3(dec)
Stream-2
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:01:00:02
10
(hex:0A)
0800
3(dec)
246
Radio Traffic aggregation (PRTA) Physical Layer aggregation

Radio Traffic Aggregation Physical
Layer (PRTA)
Fragments the packet with
variable length, and distributes
the fragmented packets to two
radio links fairly with roundrobin algorithm
Provides redundancy to the
radio link
the traffic can be transmitted
by the remaining links though
the bandwidth decreases when
the failure occurs.
Enables single antenna high
capacity transport with using
PRTA and XPIC simultaneously
14MHz/128QAM
RTA
300Mbps
NEC Confidential
Distribute rate
1:2
200Mbps
Link#2
28MHz/128QAM
56MHz/512QAM
515Mbps
PRTA can use different rate links as

radio link group
And also, PRTA can be used with
hitless AMR
100Mbps
Link#1
RTA
XPIC
Link#1
V
H
1Gbps
515Mbps
247
Radio Traffic Aggregation Physical Layer (PRTA)

RTA
MAC: d
MAC: c MAC: b
VLAN: d VLAN: c VLAN: b
Link#1
MAC: a
VLAN: a
Flexible efficient
Fragmentation
Link#2
7
Distributed fairly and sequentially with

round-robin algorithm
Ethernet packets are fragmented to variable lengths without adding

the padding data for less than 64 bytes length packets.
In the case of fixed length fragmentation, the last fragmentation packet

might be less than 64 bytes due to input packet length. When the
fragmentation packet is less than 64 bytes length, its packet is added the
padding data to become 64 bytes length. The addition of padding data
would cause jitter.
The fragmented packets are distributed fairly and sequentially to two

radio links with round-robin algorithm.
Special Modem card is required.
248
PRTA operation
Capacity
Capacity
MODEM
A B
RTA
Modem
Modem
MODEM
Modem
Capacity B
A+B
RTA
MCA4
MCA4
MODEM
RTA
Capacity A
MODEM
Modem
RTA
PRTA needs special modem card. MODEM-A cannot be used at PRTA

Maximum number of radio link supporting PRTA is two.
Modem-A -NWA-055300-001 (non PRTA modem)

Modem-A -NWA-055300-102 (PRTA compatible modem)
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249
PRTA in aggregation link

Capacity
AB
MODEM
PRTA
Modem
MODEM
PRTA
Modem
Capacity B
Modem
MODEM
MODEM
Modem
Modem
PRTA
Modem
Capacity D
PRTA
MODEM
Capacity
C+D
MODEM
PRTA
MODEM
Modem
Capacity C
Capacity
A+B
PRTA
MCA4(L2 SW)
MCA4L2 SW)
PRTA
Capacity A
Capacity
C+D
MODEM
Modem
PRTA
1.6Gbs input require 2xGbE interfaces

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250
RADIO AGGREGATION SETTING
iPASOLINK 400
Modem Slot1
Modem Slot2
Modem slot3
Modem slot4
Not used
Not used
Group1
Group1
Not used
Group1
Group1
NEC Confidential
Group2
251
Radio Aggregation Setting

iPaso200-D
Mod1
Mod2
P1
P1
Ethernet Tester
P1
iPaso200-E
Mod1
Mod2
P1
iPaso400-F
Mod1
Mod2
P1
STM-1
iPaso400-B
MSE
Mod1
16E1
Mod2
P1
STM-1
MSE
16E1
E1
Ethernet Tester
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252
RADIO CONFIGURATION (1 of 4)
1
Click the Equipment Setup Menu and select

Radio Configuration to open the Equipment
Setup Radio configuration screen
Click the Setup Icon to open the Setup 1 Detailed MODEM

Setting of SW/XPIC GRP or Slot Unit window.
Radio configuration window shows the existing radio configuration

including the ODU frequency, parameters of radio channels.
Configuration depend on the Equipment Configuration
NEC Confidential
253
3
Enter the radio parameters and TDM mapping for the Modem (Slot 01).
Specification and information of the ODU

connected to the selected Modem
Green border on the Set

Position section modem
configuration show the
selected modem
Current setup of the

selected modem s
radio configuration
Select the channel spacing of

the radio signal
Select the reference Modulation
of the radio signal
Select the Radio Mode, High

Capacity or High System Gain
3
Show the assignment of TDM and

Ether capacities. TDM Channels
are assigned from the AMR /Radio
Mapping configuration Menu(Rel3)
Show the available Ether bandwidth
after E1 and STM-1 traffic mapping.
Enter TX/RX point frequency within the
Start and Stop frequency of the ODU
shown above.
When all four modems are

mounted in (1+0)
configuration
Enter the radio signal Frame ID (1 ~ 32)

Select the TX Power Control Mode.
ATPC or MTPC. Parameter setting for
each mode is from provisioning menu
Select whether the aggregation distribution Mode
is based on Packet layer or Physical Layer.
(Physical Layer require PRTA Modem)
NEC Confidential
Select Radio Aggregation used or not

used (up to 3 modems are mounted)
254
4
Confirmation screen shows the changes in blue

background. Confirm the setting and click OK
Enter the radio parameters and

TDM mapping for each of the
configured Modem slots, and
click Next
Repeat for Modems in Slot 3 and 4

if configured
Select the Channel spacing to be used from the drop down list
Select the Reference or fixed modulation to be used from the

drop down list
Select the maximum number of E1 to be used
Select whether STM-1 is to be used in the through mode
Confirm the available Ether band width
Set the TX & RX Frequency
Select the Frame ID to be used (1 ~ 32)
TX Power control mode ATPC or MTPC
After changing the setting for Modem 1 and click the Next button
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255
RADIO CONFIGURATION (4 of 4 )
Modem radio configuration
NEC Confidential
Item
Parameter
Description
Channel Spacing
Reference
Modulation
7/14/28/56 [MHz]
QPSK
16/32/64/128/256[QAM]
Specify the radio channel spacing

Specify the reference modulation from
the list
Radio Mode
High Capacity
High System Gain
E1 Mapping
For High Capacity:

to 152 [CH] 56MHz
Indicate the Mapped E1 channels

E1 and STM-1 through mode channel
0 to 86 [CH] 28MHz
For High System Gain : 0
mapping is carried out from

AMR/Radio Mapping Configuration
to 152 [CH] 56MHz

0 to 77 [CH] 28MHz
Menu
STM-1 Mapping
0 to 2 [CH]
Indicate the number of STM-1 CH

mapped to the radio
ETH Bandwidth
[Mbps]
Display the bandwidth of the ether

traffic after TDM mapping if any
TX RF Frequency
xxxxx.xxx [MHz]
Enter transmit frequency
RX RF Frequency
xxxxx.xxx [MHz]
receive frequency (automatically)
Frame ID
1 - 32
Set frame ID
TX Power Control
Radio Traffic
Aggregation
MTPC/ATPC
Not used/ Radio GRP 1~6
Set transmit power control mode

Radio aggregation usage
Support Version
Ver.1 Packet Layer

Ver. 2 Packet layer & Physical Layer
Distribution Mode
Packet Layer (L2 & L3)

Physical layer (L1)
256
Radio aggregation VLAN setting

Packet Layer Radio aggregation can be modified using the
Select VLAN setting from the Provisioning ETH Function Setting Menu
Select the LAG Radio group1 and assign the VLANs to the
aggregation group as well as the ETH Ports to be used.
Click the OK button to go back to VLAN Setting screen.
Confirm that the VLANs are assigned to the Radio Aggregation Group and
the ETH port(s)
4
2
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Radio Aggregation LAG Setting

2
1
Select Link Aggregation Setting from the Provisioning

ETH Function Setting Menu
Link Aggregation Setting screen shows the Radio
GRP1 in the Link aggregation Group section. Default
Distribution rule is L2 Base
3
2
To assign a name to the LAG (optional) or change the

distribution rule, click the Modify Link Aggregation icon.
Enter the Link aggregation Group name in the LAG Name

field. (32 Characters).
Click the Distribution Rule drop down list and select L2
Base or L3 Base or MPLS Base as the distribution rule.
L2 Base uses the MAC address as the distribution criteria,
L3 Base uses the IP address as the distribution criteria
MPLS Base uses the MPLS label as the distribution criteria
Click the OK button to apply the changes

Note: Radio LAG cannot be added or deleted from this window
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Radio Aggregation Alarm/Status

Radio Aggregation status is shown in Current Status under the Modem/ODU and IDU tabs.
When the Links in the aggregation loop are normal Radio Traffic aggregation Port Status indicate as Active,
It shows as Standby the links that are down.
When at least one link in the Radio aggregation group is normal Radio Traffic Aggregation Link status is
shown as Normal. If all the links in the radio aggregation Group are down then the Radio Traffic Aggregation
Link Status is shown as Alarm
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LINK AGGREGATION SETTING - port
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260
Link Aggregation Setting

P3
iPaso200-D
Mod1
Mod2
P2
P1
P2
Ethernet Tester
P1
iPaso200-E
P3
Mod1
Mod2
P1
P2
iPaso400-F
Mod1
Mod2
STM-1
iPaso400-B
MSE
Mod1
Mod2
STM-1
16E1
P1
P2
MSE
16E1
P1
P3
P2
P3
Ethernet Tester
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Whats & Why LAG?

Whats LAG?
Link Aggregation Groups (LAGs), provide increased bandwidth and high reliability by
combining several interfaces into one logical link, and to provide redundancy in case one of
the links fails.
Why LAG?
Higher link availability: If a link within a LAG fails or is replaced, the traffic is not disrupted
and communication is maintained
Increased link capacity: the capacity of multiple interfaces is combined into one logical link.
Load sharing: Traffic is distributed across multiple links, minimizing the probability that a
single link be overwhelmed.
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How does LAG Work?

How does LAG work?
The standard states, Link Aggregation allows one or more links to

be aggregated together to form a Link Aggregation Group, such that
a MAC client can treat the Link Aggregation Group as if it were a
single link. This layer 2 transparency is achieved by the LAG using
a single MAC address for all the devices ports in the LAG group.
LAG implement ways:

LAG N is the load sharing mode of LAG.
The LAG N protocol automatically distributes and load balances the
traffic across the working links within a LAG
LAG M:N provides the working/protection mode
M: active links
N: standby links.
Total member: M+N=8
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Static vs. Dynamic LAG (1)
Static Link Aggregation Groups (LAGs)

Treat multiple switch ports as one switch port for high-bandwidth connections
A static LAG balances the traffic load across the links in the channel. If a physical link within
the static LAG fails, traffic over the failed link is moved to the remaining links.
Dynamic Link Aggregation Groups (LAGs)

Dynamic LAG uses a peer-to-peer protocol for control, called the Link Aggregate Control
Protocol (LACP), specified in the IEEE standard 802.3ad
LACP Ensures smooth and steady traffic flow by automating the configuration,
reconfiguration and maintenance of aggregated links.
Dynamically exchanging information between two switches in

order to configure and maintain link aggregation groups
automatically.
Load sharing is maintained and automatically readjusted
LACP interface supports two modes of operation
Passive: The interface does not initiate the LACP exchange,
but replies to the received LACP packet.
Active: The interface issues LACP PDUs due to its own
reasons and may initiate LACP exchange with either a
passive or another active connected interface.
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Link Aggregation
264
LINK AGGREGATION Setting

2
1 Select Link Aggregation Setting From the ETH
Function Setting menu.
Link Aggregation Setting screen shows the current

Link aggregation groups and Link aggregation Ports
2 Click the Add LAG icon to open the ADD LAG window
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LINK AGGREGATION GROUP SETTING

3 LAG Name: Enter a name for the LAG Group
4 Mode: Select the LAG mode, LACP-Active,
3
4
5
6
Two sides of the aggregation link should be set to : 7
LACP-Passive or Static from the drop down list

Static / Static
LACP-Active / LACP Active
LACP-Passive / LACP Active
5 TX Interval: The interval for LACP PDU
transmission select Short (1Sec)or Long (30Sec)

radio button
6 Revertive: If static mode is selected select
Revertive or non Revertive . For LACP Active or

Passive mode always Revertive is selected
Click the Distribution Rule drop down list and select L2

Base or L3 Base or MPLS Base as the distribution rule.
L2 Base uses the MAC address as the distribution criteria,
L3 Base uses the IP address as the distribution criteria
MPLS Base uses the MPLS label as the distribution criteria
LINK AGGREGATION PORT SETTING

Before setting the LAG Ports enable the ports to be used from the Ether Port Setting
Select the ETH GRP# from the LAG drop down list for the ports to be used in the aggregation
group
Select the Port Role Active or Standby from the radio buttons. Select all ports Active for all
links to be used for aggregation. Select any port as Standby for that port to be used in case of
failure of an Active link.
9 Click the OK button on the Complete dialog window
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Click the Modify Link Aggregation icon on the Link Aggregation

Setting screen..
Select the LAG group to be modified from the LAG drop down list .
Modify the Link Aggregation parameters for the selected LAG and click OK
Click the Delete LAG icon to open the
Delete LAG window.
Select the top most check box to delete all
created link aggregation groups
Select the individual check boxes to delete

the selected link aggregation groups
Click the OK button to delete the selected

LAG groups.
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Link Aggregation Alarm/Status

Link Aggregation status is shown in Current Status under the IDU and GbE tabs.
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iPASOLINK
MAC Header Compression
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MAC Header Compression

Click
the OK
button.MAC DA
IFG
PRE
12
MAC SA
6
VLAN
4
L
2
IP
V4/V6
Packet
46 -1500
FCS
4
Ethernet Frame
20bytes
First
compression
MAC DA
6
MAC SA
6
VLAN
4
L
2
IP
V4/V6
Packet
46 -1500
FCS
4
Ethernet Frame with

Preamble compression
12bytes
VLAN
4
Second
compression
L
2
IP
V4/V6
Packet
46 -1500
FCS
4
Ethernet Frame with Preamble

& MAC compression
IPV4 Header 24 Byte

IPV6 Header 40 Bytes
Third
compression
Packet
46 -1500
Packet
46 -1500
FCS
4
Ethernet Frame with Preamble & MAC

compression and IPV4 or V6 (including
VLAN compression
Above including FCS in

Enhanced Mode
L1 Wire speed (Tagged frame 64bytes packet size)

7MHz 14MHz 28MHz 40MHz 56MHz
Compressed Headers
QPSK
16QAM
17
34
34
69
69
139
86
172
139
280
32QAM
64QAM
43
51
86
104
174
209
216
259
350
420
256QAM
60
69
121
138
244
279
303
346
490
560
512QAM
1024QAM
313
349
388
432
628
700
2048QAM
384
476
770
L2
compression 128QAM
Store Headers up to 2048
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Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
270
MODEM PORT & Header Compression Setting
Select Modem Function Setting on the provisioning menu and click on the
Modem Port setting.
Click MODEM (Slot#), to open the Modem port name setting window
Enter the Modem Port Name ( 32 Characters)
Click the Header Compression Mode drop down list and select the
type of compression to be used
Click the Enhanced Mode Check Box to use this mode (see table below)
Click the OK button to close the window
LCT setting item

Disable
MAC (basic version)
MAC+IPv4
MAC+IPv6
If Remote NE Compression setting is already set it will be

indicated in the Remote Header Compression section
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MAC+MPLSHigh
Enhanced MAC+IPv4
Enhanced MAC+IPv6
Enhanced MAC+MPLS
L2 header
MAC
VLAN
L3&L4 header
IPv4
IPv6
MPLS
Label
FCS
remove
271
Header Compression Status
If there is a mismatch in the Header

compression setting in Local and
Remote sides. It will be shown in
the Modem Port setting window as
shown above and giving an alarm
Compression setting Mismatch.
Compression setting Mismatch
alarm can be seen in current status
screen, Active alarm tab and
Modem/ODU tab.
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Compression Effectiveness (IPv4)
L1 Throughput (Mbps)
BW=28MHz
256QAM
IPv6 also available and more effective
Packet size (Bytes)

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Pseudo Wire Emulation
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About ACR (Adaptive Clock Recovery)
Inserts clock information to packet header (Control Word

or RTP)
Recover clock information at clock slave node
Central
Office
Master Node
TDM
Equipment
Carrier PSN
TDM to
Packet
Time
Stamp
Primary
Reference
Source
TDM
Equipment
Queue
Packet
to TDM
T1/E1
Time
Stamp
Service
Clock
Encode
E1 Line sync or NE clock is used at master node
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Slave Node
In-Band
E1
fReference
Customer
Premises
Filter
Service
ACR is used at slave node
275
iPASOLINK PWE configuratgion
Modem-1
Modem-2
E1
Ethernet BUS
Modem
XC
MB
16E1
PWE CH1
MSE
L2SW
PWE CH64
STM-1 -Chanellized
E1 Line sync or NE clock is used at master node
NEC Confidential
FE / GbE Ports
ACR is used at slave node
276
PWE-Setting
Expand the provisioning menu and
click on the PWE Setting. PWE setting
window for the MSE card appears
showing the current PWE setting.
Click the Add PWE icon to open the PWE Setting wizard
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Click on the Detail for any

PWE No. to see the detail
information for the selected
PWE No.
Click on the PWE No. to open the PWE Modifying wizard
277
PWE Setting Wizard Step1(PWE Setting)

1
Click Add PWE icon on the PWE Setting screen. Step 1

of the PWE setting wizard opens
Enter the PWE No. value between (1 ~ 256)
Enter the PWE Service Name
Click the MSE E1 CH drop down list and select

the MSE E1 channel number for this connection
7
2
3
Click the Jitter Buffer drop down arrow and

select the size of the jitter buffer in mili seconds
Click the Clock Mode drop down arrow and select

the clock mode. For master side select NE clock
of Sync E1. for the slave side select ACR
For CH 17 - 64
For Ch17 to Ch64, ACR Slave setting select one

of the already configured E1 CH (1-16) to be
used for ACR
7
Click the Detail Option icon to open the detail

option setting screen. Select the E1 frame size for
the PWE Capsule. (1 ~ 8 frames)
To use the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)

select the ON radio button. Default is off. Click
OK button to close the Detail Option window.
Click next to go to PWE wizard Step2
7
8
9
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PWE Setting
Item
PWE No.
PWE Service Name
MSE E1 CH
Jitter Buffer
Clock Mode
Assign CH
Capsule E1 frame Size
RTP Header
CoS
ECID
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Parameter
1 to 256
0 to 32
1 to 64
2ms, 4ms, 8ms,16ms, 32ms, 64ms, 128ms
MSE E1 CH No. 1 to 16
NE Clock , ACR, SYNC E1
MSE E1 CH No. 17 to 64
NE Clock, ACR Slave, Sync E1
1 to 16
1 to 8
On / Off
0 to 7
1 to 1048575
Opposite MSE or broadcast MAC address
Description
Service number of PWE
Service name of PWE
E1 cross connect CH
Jitter Buffer (8MS means +/_ 4ms jitter buffer
Transmit TDM synchronization source clock select.
Refer to the figures below
When ACR Slave mode is selected

Select RTP header option
Class of Service Value of PWE
Emulated Circuit ID, specify ID for the PWE
If broadcast MAC address (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
279
PWE Setting Wizard Step2 (select VLAN ID)

10
Enter the Class of Service (CoS) Priority levels for the PWE
packets
11
Enter the Unique Emulated Circuit Identifier (ECID)

number for the PWE circuit
12
Enter the Destination MSE Card MAC Address
13
Select the radio button of the VLAN ID for the Packets sent
out for this PWE circuit.
14
If the required VLAN ID is not in the list, click the Add VLAN
ID icon. From the add VLAN ID window enter the VLAN ID
and VLAN Service name Click ok to add the VLAN to the
VLAN list.
15
Click the Next button to get the PWE Wizard Step3 Setting
Confirmation window
14
10
11
12
13
14
15
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PWE Setting Wizard Step3 (Confirmation)
16
Confirm the setting for this PWE circuit and click OK. If not
click Back and change the setting.
16
Confirm that the PWE circuit is listed.
16
17
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PWE Setting Cross-connect
To assign E1 from Main board or other

16E1 card to the MSE-A card. Select
the cross connect setting menu.
Click Add , from the cross connect (Add)

window. Assign the E1 channels to the
MSE-A card created PWE channels.
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PWE Setting
iPaso200-E
Mod1
Mod2
23GHz
P1
P1
ODU-Back
iPaso200-A
Mod1
Mod2
M2
P1
P1
22484 / 21252
M1 H
ODU-2
7GHz
7310/7156
iPaso400-F
Mod1
Mod2
P1
STM-1
H
M1
Mod1
MSE
iPaso400-B
Mod2
P1
16E1
STM-1
MSE
16E1
E1
E1
TDM Tester
Ethernet Tester
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Filter Setting & Port Isolate

L2 filter setting
Port1: MAC=A
Deny
MAC address=A
user cannot
access port1.
MAC address:A MAC address:B
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Provisioning Filter Setting
Select Filter setting from the ETH Function Setting menu

Filter setting is configured in several steps:
Click the Filter List tab and create a list of filters
to be used
Click the Profile list tab and create profiles with
one or more filters created in the filter list
Click the port filter setting list tab and assign a
profile to each port
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Filter Setting Filter List

Select the Filter list tab and click Add
In the Add Filter Entry (Entry Index#)
window select the following
Filter rule is always Deny
Source MAC Address Any (select Check Box)
or enter the MAC address
Destination MAC Address Any (select Check
Box) or enter the MAC address
CoS select Any (select check Box) or select
(0~7) from the drop down list
VLAN ID select Any (select check Box) or Enter
the VLAN ID number (1~4094)
Ethernet Type select Any (select check Box)
or Enter Ethernet Type (0000~FFFF)
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Filter Setting Profile List

Select the Profile list tab and click Add
In the Add Filter Profile window Enter a Name for
the profile
From the list of Filters shown, select the required
filters for the selected profile by selecting the check
boxes.
Up to 10 filters can be selected per profile
Click the Ok button
Click on a profile Index number to modify the

profile
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Filter Setting Port Filter Setting List
Select the Port Filter Setting List tab

Click on the Port number.
In the Ingress Filter Setting window click the
Profile index drop down arrow and from the list
select the profile to be used with the selected port.
Click the OK button to apply the filter.
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To See applied Filter details for the port click the

profile index number corresponding to the port.
Profile List detail window opens showing the filter
list for the profile index selected.
288
Ether Function Setting Port Isolate

assigning ports to different VLANs is a typical way to
isolate Layer 2 traffic for data privacy and security, but this
way is VLAN resource demanding. To save VLAN
resources, you can use the port isolation feature, which
can isolate ports without using VLANs and allows for great
flexibility and security.
To use this feature, you can assign ports to a port isolation
group. Ports in an isolation group are called isolated ports.
Within the same VLAN, the ports in the same isolation group
are isolated from each other, and can communicate with
ports outside of the isolation group
Select Port Isolate Setting from the ETH Function Setting Menu
Click on the Port# to be Isolated. Select the Enable radio button on
the Port Isolate Setting window and click the OK button
Click on the next Port# to be Isolated. Select the Enable radio
button on the Port Isolate Setting window and click the OK button
Supported Ports: Ether Ports & Modem Ports
Traffic between the selected ports are isolated

When port isolation is enabled in port 1 & 2
VLAN 100
VLAN 100
Traffic between the ports are not isolated

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VLAN 100
Traffic form the isolated ports pass to the

ports outside the isolated group
Traffic form the isolated ports do not pass

between the ports.
289
Provisioning L2CP Transparent / Mirroring Setting
Select L2CP Transparent / Mirroring

Setting from the ETH Function Setting
Menu
Click a Port# from the L2CP Transparent
/ Mirroring Setting Screen.
The L2CP Transparent / Mirroring
Setting Configuration window for the
selected port shows the current selection..
The Tunnel Enable Protocols are listed in the
L2CP Transparency section. Check the
boxes of the protocols to enable the PDU of
the protocol transparent without processing
STP / RSTP tunnel enabling function is not
supported for the RSTP enabled port.
Click the OK button to apply the changes
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Ether Function L2CP Transparent/Mirror Setting

Port Mirroring function outputs a
copy of the packets on a certain
Ethernet port to another Ethernet
port.
This function is used to monitor the
traffic on an Ethernet port form
another Ethernet port.
First select the port for Mirror ( Traffic of the wanted

port will be monitored using this port)
Click on the port# and from the L2CP Transparent /
Mirror Setting window click on the Monitoring drop
down list and select Mirror
Next select the port for Monitoring (Port on which the
traffic is to be monitored by the first port)
Click on the port# and from the L2CP Transparent /
Mirror Setting window click on the Monitoring drop
down list and select Monitor
click on the Monitoring Direction drop down list and
select Ingress or Egress or Both as required
Supported Ports: FE/GbE ports

(Monitored/Mirrored/Disabled per-port)
Monitoring direction: Ingress/Egress/Both
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Provisioning - Broadcast Storm Control Setting

Broadcast Storm Control function
protects user traffic from facing
congestion due to broadcast storms
due to network loop. iPASOLINK
supports this function by discarding
non-unicast traffic when they
exceeds provisioned maximum rate.
Supported ports: Ether & modem
(enabled/disabled per-port)
Rate:1-1000mbps (per-equipment)
Types of frames: broadcast,
multicast, unknown unicast
Select Broadcast Storm Control Setting from the ETH

Function setting Menu. Broadcast Storm Control Setting
screen shows the current setting and the ports enabled for
control
Click the Broadcast Storm Control Rate (Mbps) from
underlined text to set the threshold for Broadcast Storm
Control. (Default rate is 1000 Mbps)
Enter the threshold value (Rate) between 1 to 1000 Mbps,
and click the OK button
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Select port # in Main Board or Modem or FE/GbE INTFC to

open the control window for Broadcast Storm Control.
Default setting is Disabled. Click the Enable radio button to
enable broadcast storm control function for the selected Port
Click the OK button to apply and close the control window.
292
NETWORK MANAGEMENT
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GENERAL SETTING
Select the General Setting from the
Network Management Configuration
menu..
General setting current setting screen
appears.
Click the Edit icon to open the General
setting edit window.
This window allows the setting of bridge1
IP address, Subnet Mask and Default
Gateway..
Select the radio Button Yes or No for the
Connect NMS port to NMS setting
Click the OK button to apply the setting
Item
Parameter
Description
IP Address Setting (Bridge 1) (Primary IP address Setting)

IP Address
x.x.x.x
Input IP Address of NMS port
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
x.x.x.x
x.x.x.x
Input Subnet Mask of NMS port

Input Default Gateway IP
address
Yes
No
Use NMS Port

Not use NMS Port
NMS Port Setting

Connect NMS Port to
NMS
Bridge 1 IP address is the Primary IP address of the NE

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GENERAL SETTING (Detail) (1 of 4)
Select the General Setting (Detail) from the Network Management

Configuration menu..
General Setting (Detail) Screen show the current settings of the detail
network parameters.
NE2 Port Setting (Async Port)
Screen shows the
current setting of:
Inband Management VLAN Setting

Ethernet Port setting of NMS and NE1 ports
NE Branch Setting
NMS and LCT Port Setting
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GENERAL SETTING (DETAIL) 2 of 4

Item
Parameter
Description
NE2 Port Setting

NE2 Port IP Address
x.x.x.x
Input IP Address of NE2 port
NE2 Port Usage
Used
Use NE2 port
Not Used
Not use NE2 port
NE2 Port Speed
9600
specify the line speed of NE2 port2
19200
Inband Management VLAN Setting
Inband Management 1 to 16
Inband Management
Used / Not Used
VLAN usage
VLAN ID
Select Used or not used for each Inband

management stream (1 to 16)
1 ~ 4094
VLAN ID for Inband Management VLAN

(default values are set for each stream,
overwrite default values)
CoS
0 to 7
Class of service priority setting for inband

VLAN tag sent from the IDU
Ethernet Port Setting NMS and NE1 ports

Usage
Auto Negotiation
Used
Use Ethernet port
Not Used
Not use Ethernet port
Enable
enable the Auto Negotiation of Ethernet port
Disable
Disable the Auto Negotiation of Ethernet port
Auto Discovery Setting

Discovery Usage
Used or Not Used
Enable / disable auto search of the NEs

through he selected ports
LLDP Mode
Standard
Enable working with NEC proprietary LLDP
Proprietary MAC
MAC. This setting is useful when external

layer2 switch (that discard standard LLDP
frames,) are used to connect two iPasolink
management ports
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GENERAL SETTING (DETAIL) 3 of 4
Item
Parameter
Description
NE Branch Setting
Default Gateway
x.x.x.x
Input the Default Gateway
NMS /NE1 ports

item
Bridge No.
Modem Ports
Inband
Appear when inband management #
Management #
is selected as used
bridge number for each of the above ports (1-20)
Bridge IP Address IP Address for each Bridge

Bridge Subnet
Subnet mask for each Bridge
Mask
M-Plane Bandwidth Limitation
Bandwidth
Enable or Disable
Limitation
Limits the BW used for SV signal over

the Radio Frame
Bandwidth (Kbps) 500 to 10000 Kbps Set the BW for the SV signal over the
radio
M-Plane Priority
CoS
0-7
CoS priority value for the SV signal

over the radio
NMS Port Setting
Connect NMS
YES or No
Select yes or no for NMS connection to
Port to NMS
the port
LCT Port Setting
Restrict LCT
Any
Connection
Only to Local NE
Allow Local & Remote NE LCT access

Only Local NE access, Prevent
Remote NE LCT access
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GENERAL SETTING (detail) 4 of 4
For each branch a bridge number is assigned. Input

an IP address and subnet mask for each bridge.
For each port, modem

and inband management
# (used) listed select a
Bridge to be associated
Select to which branch NMS port belongs to
Enter the Bridge 2, IP address and Subnet Mask
Select to which branch Inband Namagement02 belongs to

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Inband DCN Configuration Example

Inband Management VLAN 100
PNMSj
NE-A
10.8.0.5
NE-B
10.8.0.6
NE-C
10.8.0.7
Port01
Port01
Port01
iPASO
VID 100
NE-D
10.8.0.8
iPASO
VID 4095
Inband VID
NE-A (10.8.0.5)
Inband Management VLAN: 100
Port01: Trunk Link
MODEM1: Trunk Link
NE-A (10.8.0.5) Port01/MODEM1 Inband DCN

Inband Management VLAN: 100
Port01: Trunk Link
VID 4095 is automatically

configured by software.
MODEM1: Trunk Link

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Inband DCN Setting
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IN-BAND DCN
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Out Of Band DCN

Out of Band
NMS
Radio
Radio
Radio
Out of Band
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2
PNMS:172.10.0.2.
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4
Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
GW:172.10.0.1
GW:192.168.1.2.
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
Out of Band
NMS
NMS
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2
PNMS:172.10.0.2.
GW:172.10.0.1
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Back-to-Back
Radio
Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4
GW:192.168.1.2.
Out of Band
Radio
NMS
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6
GW:192.168.1.2.
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
302
Inband DCN
Port1
Access
VLAN10
Out of Band
Radio
NMS
Radio
NMS
In Band
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2
Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
PNMS:172.10.0.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
GW:172.10.0.1
IB-MNG1 : Bridge2-VLAN10
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:192.168.1.2.
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7
GW:192.168.1.2.
Port1 : Access-VLAN10
Port1
Access
VLAN10
Radio
Port-1
Port-1
Radio
Out
In of
Band
Band
In Band
PNMS:172.10.0.2.
GW:172.10.0.1
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2
Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
IB-MNG1-auto discover
IB-MNG1-auto discover
GW:172.10.0.2.
Port1 : Trunk-VLAN10
Port1 : Trunk-VLAN10
Port1 : Access-VLAN10
Inband Management-1 :IB-MNG1
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DHCP Server / Relay Setting
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304
DHCP SERVER / RELAY

NMS
CLIENT:172.10.0.2.
GW:172.10.0.1
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2
Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
Radio
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:192.168.1.2.
Port1: Access (VLAN10)
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
DHCP Sever
DHCP No.1
Bridge No.1 (192.168.1.2/24)
IP Range (192.168.1.10 -192.168.1.15)
Exceptions: none
Security : any
iPASOLINK support DHCP server function.

Up to 3 subnet
DHCP frames can be transmitted to
Ethernet port via inband VLAN
Client-1
The DHCP server assigns a client an IP address taken from a

predefined range for a given amount of time (lease time). When the
lease time is over, the IP address will be considered free and can be
assigned to another client. Fixed IP addresses can be defined on the
DHCP server to allow certain clients to have their own IP address.
Addresses. Can be reserved for a MAC address or a host name so
these clients will have a fixed IP address that is configured
automatically.
Client-2
Reservations You can setup certain IPs to be handed out for certain MAC
addresses (a MAC address is the unique number for a network adapter). This
is generally used for clients or devices that must always have the same IP but
you still want to manage through DHCP Server for other options (DNS or
Gateway for example
Exceptions An exception is either a single IP or range that you do not want
managed by the DHCP server. You would do this for the IPs that you would
assign statically to devices like Servers that should always have the same.
When DHCP clients and associated servers do not reside on the

same IP network or subnet, a DHCP relay agent can transfer DHCP
messages between them.
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DHCP Server Setting

16384/00:25:5C:28:02:47(Mod
em1)
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol
From the Network Management

Configuration Menu and select
DHCP Server / Relay setting
DHCP Server / Relay setting display window

showing the current setting for DHCP No 1 -16
DHCP No 1 - 3 are for DHCP Sever Setting
DHCP No 4 -16 are for DHCP Relay Setting
When clicked on the DHCP No. 1 3 tabs, display the DHCP
clients detected in the DHCP Client Table.
Registered MAC address Table list the MAC Addresses
registered in the Server.
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DHCP Server Setting
Click the DHCP No. 1-3 for Server Setting and DHCP No.4-16 for Relay Setting
Click the DHCP No. 1-3 for Server Setting
Click on the Detail to set the DHCP Server Detail
Setting
Click on the Detail to see the DHCP

Server Detail Setting
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DHCP Server Setting
Click the Detail for

DHCP Server Detail
Setting
Select DHCP Server from the Server / Relay Drop down list
Bridge No. (IP Address) drop down list, shows the already
configured bridges in the Network Management configuration
-> General Setting (detail) menu.
Select the Bridge No. for the DHCP Server.
Enter the IP Address range for the DHCP Server by entering
the Start and End IP addresses. (Entered values should be
within the selected Bridge No, network address range
Enter the IP Address range for the Exception by entering the
Start and End IP addresses
Select for Security , Any radio button or Only Reserved radio
button.
NEC Confidential
Enter the lease Time for the connection

Select default Gateway, options are :
Same as the Bridge Interface (selected bridge)
Specify: specify the Gateway address below.
Disabled: Disable the GW address
To use DNS Sever Address:
Select Used radio button and enter the Primary and Secondary DNS
server Addresses
To use Other Options select Used radio Button
Enter the ID (range 0 255)
Type: select from the drop down list
Value:
308
DHCP server setting Other Option

lWhen use Other Option, other control information
such as NTP Server Address, WINS Server
Address, DCHP Server Address etc. can be stored
in the 'options' field of the DHCP message.
lDHCP Option is defined by RFC2132.
lThe kind of control information is specified with
option ID.
lOption ID information also is defined by RFC2132.
For example
l DHCP Option 54 can specify DHCP Server Address. Therefore, in the above case,
DHCP Client can recognize DHCP Server Address.
l You can confirm DHCP Server Address by using ipconfig /all at command prompt.
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DHCP Server Setting
When a client receives an IP address, the client appears in the DHCP Client Table. If the client
is not preregistered, Add is indicated at the end of the row for that client in the table.
Click on the Add MAC Address icon to
register the Client MAC addresses.
Enter the MAC Address to be registered and select the

Distribution rule from the drop down list
Select Auto : for the Server to Assign automatically from the IP
Address range.
Select Rejected : DHCP rejects request for IP address from
this MACX address
Select Fixed : Enter the IP Address to be assigned to the
entered MAC address.
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DHCP SERVER / RELAY

NMS
CLIENT:172.10.0.2.
GW:172.10.0.1
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2
Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6
GW:192.168.1.2.
Port1: Access (VLAN10)
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
DHCP Sever
DHCP No.1
Bridge No.1 (192.168.1.2/24)
IP Range (192.168.1.10 -192.168.1.15)
Exceptions: none
Security : any
Client-1
Client-2
Client-3
Client-4
Client-1
Client-2
Client-3
Client-1: unable to contact DHCP Server and will get request has timed out
Client-2: will get the IP address 192.168.1.10
Client-3: will get the IP address 192.168.1.12 Fixed address
Client-4: will get the IP address if the security setting is Any. If only
Registered it will not be assigned an IP Address.
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311
DHCP Server Setting
To Delete a registered MAC Address.

Click the Delete MAC Address icon and
select the check box of the MAC address
to be deleted from the list and click OK
To release a client from the DHCP

Client Table list, click the Forced
Release IP Address icon and select
the check box of the IP Address from
the list. Released IP Address is free
to be assigned to a different client.
Click on the Add indication in any of the listed MAC addresses that are not pre-registered to
register them. Select the distribution method . If it is fixed then enter the IP address to be
assigned. Click OK to register the selected MAC address.
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Equipment Utility
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Partial Equipment Config Download

Use this function to download Program File, FPGA Data and Config
Data from storage (Local PC or USB Memory) to update the NE.
From the Equipment Utility menu select Update

(Storage-> NE ) Utility
Put the Equipment to Maintenance mode and

select Config Data radio button.
Click the Execute button
3
4
In the Update (storage-> NE) utility Config Data window click

the select Config data type drop down list arrow. Select
Partial Equipment Config
Browse to the location where the Equipment config file is

located and select the config file. Click the Next button
Select the configuration items to upload by selecting from

the check boxes. Click OK.
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314
LOG CLEAR FUNCTION

MAINTENACE MODE
Select Log Clear Function from the Equipment Utility Menu..
Select the Radio button of the Log Type to be cleared, Alarm

Log, Status Log, Command Log or All Logs and click the
Execute button
Click OK on the confirmation screen. When complete

information window opens click OK.
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USB Memory Utility

iPASOLINK System Configuration File Backup Procedure
Configuration File Upload Procedure (IDU to USB)
Insert USB to Main Card
Wait until USB is detected (observe USB LED) flash
Protect SW ON (Up)
USB LED Blinks
Wait until USB LED Blinking stop
Protect SW OFF (Down)
Remove USB from IDU
Configuration Upload Procedure (USB to IDU) IDU Power OFF

IDU Power OFF
Insert USB to Main card
Protect SW/ON (Up)
IDU Power ON
Maint LEDs on the Main Card starts to blink
About 2m 40sec after IDU Power ON USB LED Blinks (iPaso1000)
Main Card Maint LED Steady
After few seconds put Protect SW Down
IDU reboot start
Main card Maint LED stop
The above process will take about 7minutes (Depends on configuration)
Active card Maint LEDs starts to blink
USB Memory utility allows to see the

contents of the USB memory stick
plugged in to the USB slot. It show the
files inside folders named Config,
IDU,FPGA and Inventory created in
the USB stick
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316
SOFTWARE KEY ALLOCATOR
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317
Introduction
What is Software Key Allocator (SKA) ?

With SKA, You can reap the benefits of simplified software key
upgrade and exchange software key for NEs.
Customer Network (NMS)
Key Features
Upgrade
PNMSj
SKA Client
Extraction & Storage

Software Key
Relocation
Allocator(SKA)
PNMSj Client
HUB
HUB
Proxy,
Firewall
Router
NEC
SKSS
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318
System configuration and specification for SKA

1. SKA Server
OS : Windows 2008 Server R2
Machine Spec
CPU : Quad core 2.40GHz or higher
Memory : 8GB or above (More than 16GB recommended)
Disk Capacity : 160GB or more
Customer Network(NMS)
1
PNMSj
2. SKA Client
Software Key
Allocator(SKA)
OS : Windows 7
PNMSj Client
Internet Explorer 8
HUB
3. Port for Internet

->SKA server and client access to
SKSS server in NEC office
through Internet.
2
SKA Client
HUB
Proxy,
Firewall
3
NEC
SKSS
NEC Confidential
319
Software Key Upgrade
Issue Upgrade Key and download Upgrade Key to

NEs.
Also after setup NEs in customer network, You can
apply software key to NEs Flexibly.
Without SKA
GLN / Local staff
SKSS
Issue Upgrade Key
NE
Customer
Download Upgrade Key
NEC
Customer Network
With SKA
Customer
SKSS
Issue Upgrade Key
NEC
NEC Confidential
SKA
NE
Download Upgrade Key
Customer Network
320
Extraction & StorageRelocation
You can extract current keys from NEs within DCN and
store the key information.
You can relocate a current key stored in the SKA to
another NE within DCN.
Extraction
Relocation
User
User
SKA
NE
SKA
NE
Software Key Extraction
Pool Software
Key
NEC Confidential
Software Key Relocation
Relocate
Software Key
321
Support NMS & NE Type

1. Support NMS
All NMS Supported
->PNMSj, MS5000, and so on...
NMS is needed following conditions
Create the NE list file with defined format.
Store the inventory file which is created
by NE, to specified directory,
We recommend that SKA can access above
2files with FTP.
1
Customer Network (NMS)
PNMSj
PNMSj Client
HUB
2. Supported NE type
iPASOLINK Series
->iPASOLINK 100/100E/200/400/1000
5000iP Series (*Only Upgrade Function)
2
Customer Network (NE)
Router
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322
Environment for Demonstration
PNMSj
HUB
iPASO400 IDU
[No.002]
iPASO400 IDU
[No.001]
SKA
SKSS
SKA Client
Screen shows the
control of SKA client.
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323
Demonstration
There are NEs which have no upgrade SW Key.
Register the NMS
Register the NMS information to SKA.

You can confirm the NE List is updated.
Upgrade Software Key
Select a NE and Upgrade the Software Key

You can confirm when Upgrade is finished in journal log.
Extract Software Key from NE.
Select the NE whose Software Key is upgraded and Extract it from

SKA.
You can confirm when Extract is finished in journal log.
Relocate Software Key
Select the another NE, and relocate the Software Key which is
extracted. (It takes 20 seconds around.)
You can confirm when Relocate is finished in journal log.
Manage the user account
NEC Confidential
Register the arbitrary user name

Login with new account and check that it allows to see the screens
without authority of executable .
324
Future Support (1/2)
Function Based Software Key Relocation (Dec/2012)
Select 100Mbps!
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325
Future Support(2/2)
User Level Management (Dec/2012)

This function enables users to Extract & Allocate and
Upgrade software keys.
Current
Extract
Upgrade
& Allocate *Note *Note
Reference
Setting
Administrator
User
New
N/A
N/A
Extract
Upgrade
& Allocate *Note *Note
N/A
Reference
Setting
Administrator
User
NEC Confidential
Selectable
Selectable
N/A
326
Procedure to introduce the SKA
Get License for SKA.

Tell IP Address of SKA server machine
Get the License from SKSS system.
Register the information of your SKA machine and Get
the configuration files for SKA.
Tell IP Address and MAC address of SKA server
machine.
Get the configuration files for SKA from SKSS.
Install the configuration files to SKA.
Install the SkssClientId.dat and SkssUri.dat files to
SKA Server.
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327
ABBREVIATIONS-1
Adjacent Channel Alternate
CIR
Committed Information Rate
DMM
Delay Measurement Message
Polarization
CKT
Circuit
DMR
Delay Measurement Reply
ACCP
Adjacent Channel Co-Polarization
CLK
Clock
DO
Data-out
ACK
Acknowledgement
CMF
Channel Mismatch Failure
DSCP
Differentiated Services Code Point
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
CMI
Coded Mark Inversion
DUP
Duplexer
AIS
Alarm Indication Signal
CONV
Converter
DXC
Digital Cross Connect
ALM
Alarm
CORBA
Common Object Request Broker
E1
E-carrier level 1
ALS
Auto Laser Shutdown
Architecture
EBS
Express Burst Size
AMR
Adaptive Modulation Radio
CoS
Class of Service
EIR
Excess Information Rate
ANT, Ant.
Antenna
CPU
Central Processing Unit
EMC
Electro Magnetic Compatibility
Critical
ACAP
APS
Automatic Protection Switch
CR
EML
Element Management Layer
ATT
Attenuator
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
EMS
Element Management System
ATPC
Automatic Transmitter Power Control
CS
Channel Separation
EOW
C Order Wire
AU
Administrative Unit
CTRL
Control
EPS
ETH-Protection Switch
near end Code Violation
AUX
Auxiliary
CV
EQL
Equalizer
Ave
Average
CW
Carrier Wave
ERP
ETH-Ring Protection Switch
BBE
Background Block Error
DA
Destination Address
ES
Errored Seconds
BER
Bit Error Rate
DADE
Differential Absolute Delay Equalizer
ETH-CC
ETH-Continuity Check function
BPF
Band Pass Filter
DB
Database
ETH-LB
ETH-Loopback function
BS
Base Station
DC
Direct Current
ETH-LBM
ETH-Loopback Message
BSC
Base Station Controller
DCN
Data Communication Network
ETH-LBR
ETH-Loopback Reply
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
DEG
Degraded
ETH-LB
ETH-Loopback function
Drop Eligible Indicator
CAPEX
Capital Expenditure
DEI
ETH-LT
ETH- Link Trace function
CBS
Committed Burst Size
DEM
Demodulator
ETH-LTM
ETH-Link Trace Message
CCDP
Co-Channel Dual Polarization
Des(Dest)
Destination
ETH-LTR
ETH-Link Trace Reply
CCM
Continuity Check Message
DI
Data-in
ETH-OAM
Ethernet Operations, Administration
Conference of European Postal &
DL
Download
Telecommunication Administration
DM
Delay Measurement
CEPT
NEC Confidential
and Maintenance
328
ABBREVIATIONS-2
ETH-OAM LB
ETH-OAM Loopback
ETH-OAM LT
ETH-OAM Link Trace
ETH-RDI
ETH-Remote Defect Indication function
ETSI
European Telecommunications
Standards Institute
EXC
Electrical Cross Connect
E-to-E.
End-to-End
Fail
Failure
F/B
Front Back Ratio
FCS
Frame Check Sequence
FDB
Forwarding Database
FE
Fast Ethernet
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FEBBE
Far End Background Block Error
FEES
Far End Errored Seconds
FESES
Far End Severely Errored Seconds
FEUAS
Far End Unavailable Seconds
FPGA
Field Programmable Gate Array
F/W
Firmware
GbE, GBE
Gigabit Ethernet
3GPP
Third Generation Partnership Project
GUI
Graphical User Interface
Horizontal
HDB
High Density Bipolar
HK
House Keeping
HP
Higher order Path
HYB
Hybrid
H/W
Hardware
NEC Confidential
ID
Identification
IDU
Indoor Unit
IE
Internet Explorer
IEC
International Electro technical

Commission
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers
I/F
Interface
IF
Intermediate Frequency
IHG
iPASOLINK High Grade
IN
Input
INTFC
Interface
I/O
Input/Output
IP
Internet Protocol
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
ITU-R
Radio Communication Sector of ITU
ITU-T
Telecommunication Sector of ITU
L2SW
Layer2-Switch
LAN
Local Area Network
LB
Loopback
LBM
Loopback Message
LCD
Loss of Cell Delineation
LCT
Local Craft Terminal
LDPC
Low Density Parity Check
LED
Light Emitting Diode
Lev.
Level
LLF
Link Loss Forwarding
LM
Loss Measurement
LMM
Loss Measurement Message
LNA
Low Noise Amplifier
LO
Local Oscillator
LOC
Loss of Continuity
LOF
Loss of Frame
LOM
Loss of Multiframe
LOP
Loss of Pointer
LO REF
Local Reference Signal Loss
LOS
Loss of Signal
LP
Lower order Path
LPM
Link Performance Monitor
LT
Link Trace
LTI
Loss of incoming Timing Input
LTM
Link Trace Message
MAC
Media Access Control
MAIN
Main
MAINT
Maintenance
MAX
Maximum
Mdev
Mean Deviation
MDCPU
MODEM CPU
MDI
Medium Dependent Interface
MDIX
Medium Dependent Interface

Crossover
MD4
Message Digest Algorithm 4
MD5
Message Digest Algorithm 5
MEG
Maintenance Entity Group
MEM
Memory
MEP
MEG End Point
329
ABBREVIATIONS-3
MIN
Minimum
Octs
Octets
PMC
PASOLINK Management Card
MIP
Maintenance Intermediate Point
ODU
Out-Door Unit
PMON
Performance Monitor
MIX
Mixer
OFS
Out of Frame Second
PNMSj
MJ
Major
OMT
Ortho-Mode Transducer
MMC
Multi Media Card
OPEX
Operational expenditure
PPI
PDH PHY Interface
MME
Mobility Management Entity
OPP
Opposite
ppm
parts per million
PASOLINK Network Management

System Java Version
MMG
Mismerge
OPR
Operation
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
MN
Minor
OPT
Optical
PPS
Path Protection Switch
MOD
Modulator
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
PQ
Priority Queuing
MODEM
Modulator Demodulator
OSS
Operation Support System
PRM
Parameter
MON
Monitor
OUT
Output
PROT
Protection
MPX
Multiplexer
OW
Oder Wire
PS
Power Supply
MS
Multiplex Section
PA
Power Amplifier
PSC
Protection Switching Counts
MSC
Mobile Switching Center
PBR
Pressurizable Type B, flange profile
PSD
Protection Switching Duration
MSDU
MAC Service Data Unit
square Rectangular
PWR
Power
MSP
Multiplex Section Protection
PCP
Priority Code Point
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failure
PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
QoS
Quality of Service
MTPC
Manual Transmitter Power Control
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
MUX
Multiplexing Equipment
PGM
Program
RCVR
Recover
N/A
Not Applicable
PHY
Physical
REF
Reference
NBI
Northbound Interface
PIR
Peak Information Rate
REM
Remote
NE
Network Element
PJE
Pointer Justification Event
RDI
Remote Defect Indication
NML
Network Management Layer
PJE-N
Pointer Justification Event Negative Stuff
RF
Radio Frequency
NMS
Network Management System
PJE-P
Pointer Justification Event Positive Stuff
RFS
Radio Frequency Systems
OAM
Operation Administration and
PKG
Package
RL
Relay
Maintenance
Pkts
Packets
RMON
Remote Network Monitoring
Occur
PLM
Payload Label Mismatch
RNC
Radio Network Controller
OCR
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330
ABBREVIATIONS-4
RPL
Ring Protection Link
SUB
Substitute
UNEXP
Unexpected
RS
Regenerator Section
SW
Switch
Unicast DMR
Unicast Delay Measurement Reply
RS-232
Recommended Standard 232
S/W
Software
UNM
Unexpected MEP
RSL
Received Signal Level
SWG
Switch Group
UNP
Unexpected Period
RST
Regenerator Section Termination
SYNC
Synchronous
USB
Universal Serial Bus
RSTP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
TCI
Tag Control Information
Vertical
RX
Receiver
TCN
Threshold Crossing Notification
Volt
SC
Service Channel
TDM
Time Division Multiplex
VC
Virtual Channel
SD
Space Diversity
TDMoP
TDM over Packet
VLAN
Virtual LAN
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
TEMP
Temperature
VP
Virtual Path
SEG
Segment
TERM
Terminal
VPN
Virtual Private Network
SEP
Severely Errored Period
TF
Transmit Fail
VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
SES
Severely Errored Seconds
TIM
Trace Identifier Mismatch
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
SFP
Small Form factor Pluggable
TLV
Type Length Value
Web
World Wide Web
SGMI
Security Gateway Management
TM
Through Mode
WG
Waveguide
Interface
TNC
Threaded Neil Councilman
WR
Warning
SMS
Synchronous Multiplexing System
ToS
Type of Service
WRR
Weighted Round Robin
SMU
Source Measure Unit
TPID
Tag Protocol Identifier
WS
Wayside
SNCP
Sub-network Connection Protection
TQC
Total Quality Control
XCTRL
XPIC Control
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
TTL
Time To Live
X-DEM
XPIC Demodulator
XFP
SP
Strict Priority
TU
Tributary Unit
SPD
Speed
TX
Transmitter
SRC
Source MAC Address
UAE
UAS Event
XIF
XPIC IF
STAT
Status
UAS
Unavailable Seconds
XPD
Cross Polarization Discrimination Ratio
XPIC
STD
Standard
UL
Upload
STM
Synchronous Transport Module
UNEQ
Unequipped
STP
Spanning Tree Protocol
NEC Confidential
10(X) Gigabit Small Form Factor

Pluggable
Cross Polarization Interference

Canceller
XREF
XPIC Reference
331

Configure MSTP Regions and Instances

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Configure MSTP Regions and Instances

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MSTP/RSTP SETTING

STP (IEEE 802.1D)/ RSTP (IEEE 802.1w)/ MSTP (IEEE802.1s)

Layer2 based loop-free protection mechanism

Some topology (instance) can be treated with

STP Parameter - Bridge ID & Path Cost

Bridge MAC Address

Default Bridge Priority = 32768 (IEEE 802.1d)

Path Cost is accumulated Cost between a Bridge to Root Bridge.

*Port Cost is manually configurable

STP IEEE 802.1D - Theory background (6)

Non Root Bridge

MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-01

MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-03

Spanning Tree Failure

Summary of STP Port States

Non Root Bridge

Difference between STP and RSTP

ONLY THE ROOT SEND BPDU AND OTHERS

ALL BRIDGES SEND BPDU EVERY HELLO (2SEC) AS A

DISABLED , BLOCKING, LISTENING,

DISCARDING (DISABLED, BLOCKING, LISTENING)

USE TIMERS FOR CONVERGENCE

PROPOSAL AND AGREEMENT PROCESS FOR

SLOW: (50SEC), BLOCKING (20SEC)=>

FASTER: NO LEARNING STATES. DOESNT WAIT TO BE

WHEN A BRIDGE DISCOVER A CHANGE IN

IF A BRIDGE (NON-ROOT) DOESN'T

IF A BRIDGE DOESNT RECEIVE 3X HELLOS FROM THE

MSTP Region: ABC

MSTP Region: NEC

In Normal condition mark the status of each modem Forwarding or Discarding

Select RSTP/MSTP Setting from the ETH

MSTP Region: ABC

MSTP Region: NEC

Selected Root Bridge Priority/ ID for

Detail STP Parameter Setting

STP Bridge Priority

Change default STP priority of the bridge

STP Bridge Hello Time

Set the period of sending Configuration BPDUs from

STP TX Hold Count

Set the number of BPDU which can be sent per second.

STP MAX Hop Count

Ether Ring Protection

G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching

G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection

G.8032 is an ITU Recommendation

Failure Detection time = 3.33 msec * 3.5 = 11.7msec

Unblock blocking Port

ETH-CC (Continuity Check) enables to detect failures on several

block port for

block port for

Multiple instances (2/3)

User VLAN group #2

User VLAN group #3

Scenario A - Normal to Protection

1 . Normal State Node-G is the RPL Owner

6 . When the RPL owner receives the SF message it

9 . In Stable SF condition Node C and D continue to send SF

Protection Switching Trigger Condition

Revertive / Non-Revertive operation

Protection Operation timers

ETHER RING PROTECTION SETTING