COMMON COLLECTOR
AMPLIFIER
Analog Lab
Experiment Board
Ver. 1.0
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AB16
AB16
AB16
2. Theory
3.Experiment
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14
5.Warranty
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17
18
8. Notes
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INTRODUCTION
AB16 is a compact, ready to use Common Collector Amplifier experiment
board. This is useful for students to understand the functionality of common
collector amplifier and to study various operational parameters of an
transistor Amplifier. It can be used as stand alone unit with external DC
power supply or can be used with Scientech Analog Lab ST2612 which
has built in DC power supply, AC power supply, function generator,
modulation generator, continuity tester, toggle switches, potentiometer.
Model
Name
AB01
AB02
AB03
AB04
AB05
AB06
AB07
AB08
AB09
AB10
AB11
AB12
AB13
AB14
AB17
AB18
AB19
AB20
AB21
AB22
AB23
AB25
AB28
AB29
AB30
AB31
AB32
AB33
AB35
AB16
AB39
AB41
AB43
AB44
AB45
AB51
AB52
AB53
AB54
AB56
AB57
AB58
AB59
AB64
AB65
AB66
AB67
AB68
AB80
AB82
AB83
AB84
AB85
AB88
AB89
AB90
AB91
AB92
AB93
AB96
AB97
AB101
AB102
AB106
AB110
AB111
AB112
AB113
AB115
AB116
Instrumentation Amplifier
Differential Amplifier (Transistorized)
Operational Amplifier (Adder/Scalar)
Operational Amplifier (Integrator/ Differentiator)
Schmitt Trigger and Comparator
Active filters (Low Pass and High Pass)
Active Band Pass Filter
Notch Filter
Tschebyscheff Filter
Fiber Optic Analog Link
Owens Bridge
Andersons Bridge
Maxwells Inductance Bridge
RC Coupled Amplifier with Feedback
Phase Shift Oscillator
Wien Bridge Oscillators
Colpitt Oscillator
Hartley Oscillator
RLC Series and RLC Parallel Resonance
Thevenins and Maximum power Transfer Theorem
Reciprocity and Superposition Theorem
Tellegens Theorem
Nortons theorem
Diode Clipper
Diode Clampers
Two port network parameter
Optical Transducer (Photovoltaic cell)
Optical Transducer (Photoconductive cell/LDR)
Optical Transducer (Phototransistor)
Temperature Transducer (RTD & IC335)
Temperature Transducer (Thermocouple)
DSB Modulator and Demodulator
SSB Modulator and Demodulator
FM Modulator and Demodulator
Log and Antilog Amplifier
Crystal Oscillator (1 MHz)
Peak Detector
Voltage Follower & Precision Rectifier
Op-Amp Oscillator (Sine / Cosine)
Sample and Hold Circuit
and many more
AB16
THEORY
Amplification is the process of increasing the strength of signal. An
Amplifier is a device that provides amplification (the increase in current,
voltage or power of signal) without appreciably altering the original signal.
A Bipolar transistor is frequently used as an amplifier. A bipolar transistor
is a current amplifier, having three terminals Emitter, Base, Collector. A
small current into base controls a large current flow from the collector to
emitter. The large current flow is independent of voltage across the
transistor from collector to emitter. This makes it possible to obtain a large
amplification of voltage by taking the output voltage from a resistor in
series with the collector.
Transistor can be used as an Amplifier in three configurations:
1.
Common Base
2.
Common Emitter
3.
Common Collector
Fig. 1
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AB16
Fig. 2
This method is widely used because operating point of transistor can be
made almost independent of beta () and provides good stabilization of
operating point.
If this circuit is used to amplify AC voltages, some more components must
be added to it.
Coupling Capacitors (C1 &C3): They are used to pass AC input signal and
block the DC voltage from the preceding circuit. This prevents DC in the
circuitry on the left of coupling capacitor from affecting the bias on
transistor. The coupling capacitor also blocks the bias of transistor from
reaching the input signal source. It is also called blocking capacitor. Bypass
Capacitors (C2): It bypasses all the AC current from the emitter to the
ground. If the capacitor C2 is not put in the circuit, the AC voltage
developed across RE will affect the input AC voltage, such a feedback is
reduced by putting the capacitor C2.
RE: It represents the load resistance is connected at the output.
In this amplifier input signal is injected in to base-collector circuit and
output signal is taken out from the emitter-collector circuit, When the
output is taken from emitter terminal of transistor this network is referred as
Emitter Follower or common collector amplifier. In this amplifier output
voltage is always less than the input signal, and output voltage is in phase
with the input voltage. The fact that output voltage follows the magnitude
Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
AB16
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fig. 3
Operating Parameter of Common collector amplifier :
Voltage Gain :
The ratio or Output Voltage (Vo) to the input voltage (Vi) is known as
voltage amplification or voltage gain of amplifier.
Voltage Gain (AV) = VO / Vi
Input Impedance :
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Fig. 4
Output Impedence : It is the ratio of Output voltage (Vout) to Output
Current (Io).
Zout = Vout / Io
To measure the Output impedence a known resistor (Rs) is placed from
output to ground and the output impedence could be calculated using the
equation
Zout = (Av / Av`-l) * Rs
Where
Av = voltage gain without the resistor (Rs)
Av` = voltage gain with the resistor (Rs)
Current gain :
It is the ratio of Output current ( Io) to Input current (Ii).
Ai = IO / Ii
The Current gain could be calculated using the equation
Ai = - Av * Zin / RL
Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
11
AB16
2.
3.
4.
5.
Common
Base
Common
Emitter
Common
Collector
Phase reversal
No
Yes
No
Voltage Gain
High
Highest
Nearly Unity
Input
Impedance
Lowest
Moderate
Highest
Output
Impedance
Highest
Moderate
Lowest
Current Gain
Nearly unit
High ()
Highest ( + 1 )
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AB16
EXPERIMENT
Objective :
To study the Common Collector Amplifier and to evaluate
Operating Point, Voltage gain (AV), input and output impedance,
current gain of amplifier.
Apparatus required :
1.
2.
3.
Digital Multimeter
4.
2 mm patch cords.
Circuit diagram :
Circuit used to study Common Collector Amplifier is shown in Fig 5.
Fig. 5
Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
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Procedure :
1.
Connect test point 2 and test point 3, test point 4 and test point 5, test
point 6 and test point 7, using 2mm patch cords.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Result :
Operating Point of the Common collector amplifier
IC = ______________mA
VEC =______________V
Voltage gain of the amplifier AV
=________________
=________________
=________________
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DATASHEET
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WARRANTY
1) We guarantee the instrument against all manufacturing defects during
24 months from the date of sale by us or through our dealers.
2) The guarantee covers manufacturing defects in respect of indigenous
components and material limited to the warranty extended to us by the
original manufacturer and defect will be rectified as far as lies within
our control.
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LIST OF ACCESSORIES
1.
2.
3.
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NOTES
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NOTES
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