Technology assessment task 1/3

Design Brief and situation

-

Produce a money box vehicle

Vehicle must have a detachable money box

Vehicle must work as a toy

Develop a comprehensive project portfolio

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Timber Structures
Timber (wood) is the oldest construction material that has been used for
thousands of years for different purposes like tools, weapons and huts.
Even today timber has hundreds of uses. Some of the structures made of
timber are:

House framework

Outdoor furniture

Indoor furniture

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Flooring

Playgrounds

Fencing

Retaining walls

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Electrical and telephone

poles

Gazebos, pergolas

House doors, windows,

stairs etc.

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Materials
PVA Glue
PVA (Polyvinyl Acetate) is a water based glue that can be used for interior or
exterior projects. Any excess glue must be cleaned quickly because when it
dries it is very hard to remove.
It is the most popular timber glue because:
- it is non toxic
- it does not have any harmful smell
- it dries clear
- it is flexible
- it is easy to apply
- it can be handled without gloves
- it is very strong when its dry
- it is not as expensive as other types of timber glue
The white PVA is the interior glue because it dries clear but is not waterproof.
The yellow PVA is water resistant so is used for exteriors but doesnt dry clear.

Acrylic
Acrylic paint is water based paint that is water resistant, meaning that it cant
be washed with water when its dry. Even though it is fast drying it can still be
cleaned with water before its completely dry. Acrylic does not smell much so it
can be used indoors and outdoors. It actually has a good resistance to sun as
well. It is usually applied by brush. If it has to be repainted, it is easier to
remove than oil based paints.
Timber is porous so acrylic paint cant be directly applied to it. Timber must be
sealed and primed first before the top acrylic coats are applied.

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Nails
A nail is a pin-shaped metal object which is used for bonding pieces of timber
together. They are usually used in combination with other bonding methods
because they are not very strong on their own. They usually have a sharp
point on one end and a flattened head on the other.

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Hoop Pine (lat. Araucaria Cunninghamii)

Hoop Pine is a native Australian tree that grows in Queensland and New South
Wales. The colour is very light, the grain is straight and the texture is fine. It is
softwood so it is very easy to work with.
It has many uses in construction of flooring, shelving and furniture like
cupboards. It is also used to make plywood. It can also be used outdoors for
fencing, retaining walls, pergolas and playground equipment but it must be
treated first against rotting. Because it is so soft, it can be used for making
musical instruments, stationary and brooms and brushes for cleaning.

Plywood
Plywood is an engineered (manufactured) timber board. The layers of solid
timber veneer are glued together and compressed under heat. Usually the
interior layers are made from cheaper wood but the outer layers are made
from more expensive timber. The grains of each layer are at 90 degrees to the
next one. The timber grain orientation is important because that is what gives
plywood its strength but also helps resist bending, warping, shrinkage and
cracking. At the same time, it is lighter in weight than solid timber.
Plywood disadvantage is the look of its layered edges. It may also contain
knots.
The main uses are in flooring, walls and ceiling, acoustic insulation, furniture,
curved surfaces (eg to make sailing boats) etc. Depending on its use, the main
types of plywood are:
- Structural plywood
- Concrete formwork plywood
- Marine plywood
- Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
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LVL/plywood I-Beams.

Dowel
A dowel is a round pin used to attach timber pieces to each other. They can be
made of different materials but their main purpose is to make a joint stronger.
Usually the dowel is inserted and then the joint is glued together.
Dowels are simple and quick to make. They create neat joint but its strength
depends on the glue used. The only problem is how to drill the holes
accurately.
Wooden dowels are mostly used in furniture making but can also be used to
make frames, boxes, birdcages, coat or key holders etc.

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Tools and Machines

Jack plane is
used to remove
a large amount
of wood of a
plank surface.
It has a slightly
rounded blade
to make cutting
easier.
Router is a
machine that
makes many
fancy shapes
on the timber
edge.

Portable drill,
with a drill bit
attached, is
used to drill
holes in timber.
There is a bit
designed for
timber use.
There are
corded and
cordless drills.

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Scroll saw is
used to cut
shapes out of
wood. It has a
very fine saw
that cuts round
shapes nicely
without
chipping the
wood.
Hot glue gun is
used for joining
timber pieces.
Sticks of solid
glue are
passing
through the hot
gun and molten
glue comes out
of the front
nozzle.
The Drill Press
is a free
standing
machine used
for drilling
holes. It is
easier to use
than the
portable
because it is
more precise
and can drill
larger holes,
and it is easier
to drill at
angles.

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Band Saw is a
free standing
machine used
for cutting
irregular
shapes of
wood. It can
cut thick
materials but
the width is
limited by the
arm on the left
side of the
cutting table

Sliding bevel is
a woodworking
tool used to set
a desired angle
or to duplicate
an existing
angle

Marking gauge
is used in
woodwork to
mark out lines
pararlel to a
straight edge,
for cutting,
gluing or other
operations.

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Bench hook is a
jig used to hold
timber while
sawing or
planing.
Downward
pressure keeps
it from moving
or a second
brace is added
on the bottom
to hook to the
bench
Tenon saw is a
type of a hand
saw that is
used where a
stiff blade is
needed.

G clamp is a
type of a clamp
used to hold
timber pieces
together, or
secured to a
bench. They
are not very
adjustable for
size but there
are many sizes
available.

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Pincers are
hand tool used
to remove nails
from wood.
Because of the
rounded shape,
the tool is just
rolled to
remove the
nail.

Cross pein
hammer is a
hammer with a
small head. In
woodwork its
used for small
nails.

Nail punch is a
tool that is hit
with a hammer
to push the
nails below the
surface of
wood.

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Wooden mallet
is a wide head
hammer
designed so to
minimise the
damage to the
wooden object.

Try square is a
woodworking
tool used to
mark the right
angles on the
wood or
measure if the
right angles are
accurate.

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Joints
Butt Joint
The butt joint is
when one piece of
wood is butted
against another
and they are glued
together. This joint
is really simple to
make but is the
weakest of all so it
is often
strengthened by
nails or screws. It
also does not look
nice so it is used in
areas that will be
hidden.
Dowel Joint
Dowels are small
cylindrical wooden
pieces that fit in
the holes of the
two wooden objects
to be joined
together. The
connection is even
stronger if the two
pieces are glued as
well. Dowel joint
looks much neater
than the butt joint.

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Dovetail joint
Dovetail joint is one
of the most
elegant, strongest
and the most
difficult to make
joints. It has two
parts: the tails are
flared, triangular
and are cut on one
board. The pins are
slender and are cut
on the other board.
When connected,
they cant slide or
twist and need only
glue to hold them
together, no nails
or screws.
Mortise and
tenon joint
This is the most
commonly used
joint and one of the
oldest. It is very
strong and neat
looking but hard to
make. There are
many variation of
the design but the
theory is that the
tongue of the tenon
slides tightly into
the slot of the
mortise. The pieces
are glued together.

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Finishes
Clear Lacquer
Lacquer is a clear wood finish that is applied as a liquid but then dries hard
when all of the solvent evaporates. It can have any sheen level from matte to
gloss. It is the most commonly used wood finish because it is not expensive,
dries very fast but gives wood good protection and colour. There are different
types of lacquer.
Nitrocellulose is the most common type of lacquer. It has good water
resistance but not heat and solvent resistance. When applied it makes the
wood look darker. It goes yellow with age so some people dont like it because
of that.
Acrylic lacquer is similar to nitrocellulose, except it is a clear like water and will
not go yellow over time.
Water based lacquers release less toxic fumes and are much healthier both for
people and environment. They are often used when making wood furniture.
Below picture shows the difference between the wood coated with 2 coats of
clear lacquer and the raw board.

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Wax
Waxes are made from different sources - mineral, vegetable and animal. They
may be liquids, paste or stick (solid) form and can have any colour from clear
to dark stained. Difference between lacquers is that they penetrate wood,
while waxes sit on top.
Wax is easy to apply, gives a good shine that can be repolished at any time
and has low toxicity. However, there are many minuses. Wax has low
resistance to scratching, water, solvents and heat, wax becomes dull over time
so require buffing which is hard. Once it gets dirty it is difficult to clean and
repair.

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Shellac
Shellac is a resin secreted from Lac insect found in Southeast Asia. When they
dry, these secretions are collected and mixed with alcohol prior to use as a
wood warnish. Shellac is applied with a brush but alcohol dries quickly so extra
care is required when applying it. When dry, it is durable and strong. When
maintained regularly, it gives excellent protection so is used for flooring in
commercial areas. It has very good sealing characteristics. It is also often used
for touchups because it blends in with the surrounding finish.
Disadvantages are that it is not resistant to either alcohol, water or heat. It
lasts longer when stored in glass containers than metal.

Stain
Wood stain penetrate deep in the timber and gives colour to the timber. In
other words, stain provides colour and it is usually used with another finish on
top of it.
Below is the picture of 4 different stains: Ironbark - Jarrah - Cedar Teak, on
three types of timber: Merbau Pine Yellow Balau

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Existing Designs of Money Boxes

Tardis
21 cm high x 11.5 cm square
Positive
- Square shape is
easy to use and
fill
- Colour scheme
Minus
- Too high to fit
the truck
- If lowered, base
(11.5cm) is too
small
Interesting
Doctor Who is my
favourite fictional
character and his
Tardis is the best
spaceship in the
universe

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London Double Decker Bus

11.5cm long die cast metal money box.

Positive
- Retro style is in
- I like red vehicles, they go faster
Minus
- Too small, cant fit much money in 11.5cm even in a double decker
Interesting
These buses cant be seen in Australia so they are interesting.

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Rubik's Money Box

10cm x 10cm x 10cm

Positive
- Rubiks cube is brightly coloured
- Square shape means you can fit more in it
Minus
- Not much information on the website
- Size is too small
Interesting
Looks like a real Rubiks cube

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ATM Money Box

Dimensions 255mm L X 90mm W X 220mm H

Positive and Interesting

This is the most interesting money box. It does things like a real ATM
machine like counting money and making noises and lights. The display tells
you how much money you have in the money box. If you put birthday
dates, it reminds you of those birthdays. The size is really big, you can fit a
lot of birthday moneys in it.
Minus
Its a bit wide, I dont know how its going to fit the truck.

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Existing Cabin Designs - initial designs

Positive
- Looks like a real truck
Minus
- Too long
- Back doesnt fit my money box design
Interesting
- Very nice, like burnt, exterior

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Positive
- Large and square so would fit my money box.
Minus
- Too long, need to remove the trailer
Interesting
- Boring

Positive
- Looks simple to make
- Tray is square and when removed it will fit my money box
Minus
- Nothing
Interesting
- It is an army truck and it is a 6x6 (6WD)

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