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International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development

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Issue 3, Vol.1 (January 2013)


ISSN 2249-6149

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MIXED FLOW


PUMP IMPELLER USING CFD
P.G. STUDENT
PREPARED BY
MR. MEHTA MEHUL P.
ENROLLMENT NO: - 110300721001
Mob. +918866801327

THE DEGREE MASTER OF ENGINEERING


IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BRANCH OF THERMAL ENGINEERING
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHEMDABAD.

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF


MR. PRAJESH M. PATEL

ASST.PROFFSSOR, MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT,


L.D.R.P.-I.T.R COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DIST.GANDHINAGAR
ST. GUJARAT, INDIA

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International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development


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ABSTRACT
To improve the efficiency of mixed flow pump, computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
analysis is one of the advanced tools used in the pump industry. From the CFD analysis, the
velocity and pressure in the outlet of the impeller is predicted. These outlet flow conditions
are used to calculate the efficiency of the impeller. The optimum inlet and outlet vane angles
are calculate for the existing impeller by using the empirical relations. In the first case outlet
angle is increase, and second case inlet angle is decrease obtain from the CFD analysis, it is
reduce outlet recirculation or it is increase outlet recirculation flow cause to improve
efficiency. Thought that the calculation results by numerically simulation software Fluent can
truly reflect the flow in the impeller of a mixed flow pump on the premise that the turbulent
model and boundary conditions are similar to the actual situations.[1] By change the outlet
angle the head of the impeller is improve. Finally, from CFD analysis the calculated
efficiency of the impeller with optimum vane angle can be improved by changing the inlet
and outlet angle. The Head created by this analysis would be higher.

KEY WORDS- Mixed flow pump, computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis,of
impeller. With using software
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: (AUTHOR-1 P.G. STUDENET) MEHTA MEHUL P.
(AUTHOR-2 UNDER GUIDANCE) PRAJESH M. PATEL

INTRODUCTION
A pump is a device used to move fluids liquids by mechanical action. Pumps can be
classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct
lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. A few types of pump in Radial flow pump, mixed flow
pump, axial flow pump. A wide variety of pump types have been constructed and used in
many different applications in industry. From the CFD analysis software and advanced post
processing tools the complex flow inside the impeller can be analyzed.
Pumps must have a mechanism which operates them, and consume energy to perform
mechanical work by moving the fluid. The activating mechanism is often reciprocating or
rotary. Pumps may be operated in many ways, including manual operation, electricity, an
engine of some type, or wind action.

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International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development


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Issue 3, Vol.1 (January 2013)


ISSN 2249-6149

Mixed Flow Pump

In this pump, addition of energy to the liquid


occurs when the flow of liquid in axial as well as
radial direction. In this type of pump liquid through
impeller is as combination of axial and radial
direction as shown in fig 1. The head is developed
partly by the action of centrifugal force and partly by
the propelling force. These pumps mostly suitable for
irrigation purpose where large quantity of water at a
lower head.

Fig: - 1 Mixed flow pump


Types of BladeS
Backward-curved blades, 2<90
When 2<90, Cot2 is positive and hence with increase in mass flow rate, the head
decreases. The head capacity characteristic has a negative slope.
Radial Blades 2=0
For radial vanes 2=0 and cot2 =0, so head does not vary with flow rate.
Forward-Curved Blades, 2<90
For forward curved blades 2<90 and cot2 is negative. Hence, with increase in mass flow
rate head also increases, the head capacity characteristic has a positive slope.
As shown from Figure 2 for forward blades impeller, the fluid leaves the impeller
with relatively high speed which means that the major part of the energy gained is kinetic
energy, this type of impeller requires a very good diffuser to convert this kinetic energy to
pressure energy. In practice, it is difficult to construct this kind of diffuser; also it is usually
more efficient to convert pressure energy to kinetic energy rather than converting kinetic
energy to pressure energy.

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International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development


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Issue 3, Vol.1 (January 2013)


ISSN 2249-6149

Fig.2 Types of Impeller blade base on curvature of blades


The pumps are divided into two basic groups, depending on the way in which the
liquid is transferred from suction side to the delivery side of the casing as positive
displacement pumps and impeller or rotodynamic pumps. The rotodynamic pump and
impeller pump terms are firstly introduced by H. Addison, Based on the direction of the flow,
the rotodynamic pumps are in the category of cased pumps. The moving element in
rotodynamic pumps is the impeller which is the rotor mounted on the rotating shaft and
increases the moment of momentum of the flowing liquid in the impeller. The turbine pumps
are first used as lifting water from the small diameter water supplies and irrigation wells.
However they are used in wide range of applications other then lifting water from irrigation
wells such as used in circulation systems in the steel industry for cooling, water extraction
from boreholes and rivers, sea water services, deep sea mining, extraction water from
geothermal wells, city water district systems and etc. Moreover, the main advantage of using
the vertical turbine pumps is the ability to assemble the stages in series connection thus
increasing the pressure rise across the pump easily.
The pumps are classified by their specific speed. Non-dimensional specific speed or type
number, N, of the pump is defined as.
1

2
=
(. )3/4
Where, is in rad/s, Q is in m3/s, g is in m/s2 and H is m.
The mixed flow pumps by means of specific speed range are located between the
radial pumps and axial flow pumps. The overlapping region between the radial and mixed
flow pumps are named as Francis type. The specific speed range of the mixed flow pumps are
given differently in the literature because of the overlapping regions of the mixed flow range
with axial flow pumps and radial pumps. The range for the mixed flow pumps by means of
specific speed is given in References. The mixed flow pumps discharges relatively low heads
however the usage of mixed flow pumps as vertical turbine type assembly allows series
connection. Thus the head of the pump assembly may be increased by series connection of
the stages for the desired flow rate. The pump efficiency concerns are playing a major role in
the usage of mixed flow type vertical turbine pumps. The Francis type and mixed flow type
pumps have better efficiency characteristics among the other types.
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Issue 3, Vol.1 (January 2013)


ISSN 2249-6149

The development of the mixed flow type turbine type pumps are highly related to the
demands of the market. The different application types developed during the years. However
the concerns about energy consumption are the most important factor in the development of
all type of pumps. The improvements in manufacturing techniques such as casting, surface
finish on the impellers, rapid prototyping and precise measuring devices lead the industry to
produce pumps with better efficiencies.
The vertical turbine type mixed flow pumps are mainly composed of four
subassemblies. These subassemblies are the driver, discharge head, column assembly and the
pump assembly. The pump assembly is also composed of several parts which are shown in
Figure. The power is transmitted from the electric motor or any other type of driver such as
diesel engine to the pump.

Fig 3: - Parts of the mixed flow Pump Assembly


Assumptions for Velocity Diagram of Pump Impeller:
Liquid enters the impeller eye in radial direction.
No Energy losses in impeller due to friction & eddy formation.
Liquid enters without shock.
Uniform velocity distribution in the passage between two adjacent vanes.

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Figure: - 4 Velocity Diagram

Now,

1
60
2
2 =
60
1 =

Mass Flow Rate,

12 1
4
4
1 =
12

From Inlet Velocity Triangle,


Inlet Blade Angle,
tan 1 =

1
1

And
1 =

12 + 12 = 2

From Outlet Velocity Triangle,


= 2 2 2

2 =
2 2
2
2
2 = 2 + (2 2 )2
And,
2 =

2
2
2
+ 2

Outlet Blade Angle,


tan 2 =
Head Generated by Impeller,
=

2
2 2

2 2 22

Overall Efficiency of Impeller,

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International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development


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Issue 3, Vol.1 (January 2013)


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Submersible pumps are found in many applications. Single stage pumps are used for
drainage, sewage pumping, general industrial pumping and slurry pumping. They are also
popular with aquarium filters. Multiple stage submersible pumps are typically lowered down
a borehole and used for water abstraction, water wells and in oil wells. Special attention to
the type of ESP is required when using certain types of liquids.ESP's commonly used on
board naval vessels cannot be used to dewater contaminated flooded spaces. These use a 440
volt A/C motor that operates a small centrifugal pump. It can also be used out of the water,
taking suction with a 2-1/2 inch non-collapsible hose. The pumped liquid is circulated around
the motor for cooling purposes. There is a possibility that the gasoline will leak into the pump
causing a fire or destroying the pump, so hot water and flammable liquids should be avoided.
So, the main applications of the submersible pump are,
- Domestic & Community water supply
- Industries
- High rise buildings
- Agriculture
- Dairies
- Fire fighting systems
- Cooling water circulating systems

Fig: - 5 Types of pump

MA Xi-jin and ZHANG Hua-chuan in predicated the hydraulic performance of a


three-level Circulating mixed flow pump of a nuclear power station by CFD software.
Meanwhile, they conducted performance test on clear water rig. The numerically simulation
results were in good coincidence with the Experimental results. [2]The Mixed flow of the
liquid occurs when the flow is in axial as well as radial direction. In this type of pump liquid
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International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development


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Issue 3, Vol.1 (January 2013)


ISSN 2249-6149

through impeller is as combination of axial and radial direction. The head is developed partly
by the action of centrifugal force and partly by the propelling force. There are three types of
blade used in mixed flow pump: forward curved blade, Backward curved blade, axial curved
blade. Mixed flow pumps are widely used for water transportation or as cooling water pumps
in power stations.

To increase the flow rate of the pump without changing the head, the blades of the
newly designed Axial pump impeller. Excellent impeller blade with similar specific speed,
the blade was designed into C type curved section to reduce the Occurrence of vortexes at
the head of the blade. Properly reduce the blade outlet structure Angle 2K to eliminate or
weaken the effect of vortex, and increase the flow rate in. [3] Mixed flow pump can we used
in following application like Domestic & Community water supply, Industries, High rise
buildings, Agriculture, Dairies, Firefighting systems, cooling water circulating systems. Not
many CFD studies or measurements concerning the complex flow in all types of centrifugal
pumps have been reported [4, 5].

LITERATURE SURVEY
Paper-1
1kiran patel, 2Professor N. Ramakrishnan in his studies of CFD analysis of mixed
flow pump derived that the Head predicted by CFD analysis is higher than the test result at
rated point. It also concluded that Power predicted by CFD analysis is higher at rated point to
compare with the test result.

Fig: - [6.] Head versus Capacity Curve

Power predicted by CFD analysis is 5 to 10% higher at rated point. To compare with
the test result, disc-friction power loss calculated using NEL method [6] the volumetric
efficiency is determined. Pump efficiency considering disc friction loss and leakage-loss is
predicted and it was found within +5% ranges, at duty point. Efficiency predicted by CFD
analysis is higher than the test result. Leakage-loss is predicted using. Efficiency is improved
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International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development


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Issue 3, Vol.1 (January 2013)


ISSN 2249-6149

by 1% after matching stator angle and changing hub curve profile. Stator blade loading at hub
and shroud has improved.

Fig: - [7] Efficiency versus Capacity Curve

Paper-2
A Manivannan Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of
Technology Coimbatore, INDIA in his studies of CFD analysis of mixed flow pump
derived that the mixed flow pump the best efficiency point of the pump is found to be 11 lps.
The existing impeller, the head, power rating and efficiency are found out to be 19.24 m, 9.46
kW and 55% respectively.

Fig: - 8 Head developed by the existing and modified impellers


The impeller 1, the percentage increase in the head, power rating and efficiency are
3.22%, 3.9% and 7.27% respectively.

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Fig: - 9 Efficiency of the existing and modified impellers


The impeller 2, the percentage increase in the head, power rating and efficiency are
10.29%, 7.61% and 10.91% respectively. Viscous flow analysis of mixed flow pump
impeller.[7] The impeller 3, the percentage increase in the head, power rating and efficiency
are 13.66%,12.16% and 18.18% respectively.

Paper 3:Mandar TABIB*, Graeme LANE, William YANG and M Philip SCHWARZ in
his studies of CFD analysis of mixed flow pump derived that the computational simulation of
the mixed flow pump impeller was implemented.
A CFD code, the ANSYS CFX 12.1, was used to obtain the head and pressure,
velocity streamlines. The analysis results show the head of 7.45m and the head achieved by
the experimental work in industries was 8.08 m. The efficiency find by experimental result
was 53.27 % and by CFD analysis 49.6 %.In the CFD analysis high values were obtained for
the head, comparing to the manufacturer experimental head. Because in CFD analysis there
is no influence from the diffuser, so the friction losses are smaller, affecting the pressure
fields and increasing the head values. This fact represents the necessity to introduce the
friction losses due to coupling between the diffuser and impeller. Result shows pressure in
the impeller channels increases from the entrance to the discharge in successive ranges.

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Fig: - 10 The boundary condition applied to the pump impeller

Paper 4:-

1VASILIOS

A. 2 GRAPSAS, JOHN S. ANAGNOSTOPOULOS AND IMITRIOS


E. PAPANTONIS in his studies of CFD analysis of mixed flow pump derived that the mixed
flow pump
The numerical results are compared to the measurements, showing good agreement
and encouraging the extension of the developed computation methodology for performance
prediction and for design optimization of such impeller geometries. A numerical
methodology for the calculation of the flow field in centrifugal pump impellers with 2D
curvature is developed and validated against corresponding experimental data taken at a
Laboratory test rig. The flow is calculated using a two dimensional approach in order to
achieve a fast simulation and the agreement between the numerical results and the
measurements is satisfactory. studied the pressure fluctuation in a vaned diffuser downstream
from a centrifugal pump impeller.[8] This is quite encouraging result in order to apply the
present numerical model to further flow analysis, as well as, for design optimization purposes
in these pump types.

Paper 5:-

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aMaitelli, C. W. S. de P.1; bBezerra, V. M. de F.; cda Mata, W. in his studies of


CFD analysis of mixed low pump derived that the mixed flow pump calculation of the flow
in a centrifugal pump impeller using Cartesian grid.[9]
In this paper a computational simulation of the centrifugal pump internal flow was
implemented. A CFD code, the ANSYS CFX 11.0, was used to obtain the head
performance curve and to evaluate the interface connection between the pump parts: the
impeller and the diffuser. Boundary conditions were adjusted in the software to characterize
the three-dimensional problem. Although the simplifications were done in the model, in order
to adjust the geometry to the software limitations, numerical analysis using a CFD code,
ANSYS CFX 11.0 presents results in agreement with the references. Three-dimensional
simulation of the entrance-impeller interaction of a hydraulic disc pump.[10] The results
obtained for the pressure fields, and therefore to the head performance curve, were
satisfactory in the three conditions tested.

Fig: - 10 Results obtained in the simulations and manufacturer head curve.

Paper 6:Jidong Lia, Yongzhong Zenga*, Xiaobing Liua, Huiyan Wanga in his studies of
Optimum design on impeller blade of mixed-flow pump based on CFD analysis
Under filing of impeller blades at the trailing edge improved the performance of the
pump that is designed in this study, as stated in References. Best efficiency point of the pump
that is designed in this study moves from 53 l/s to 56 l/s and system efficiency increases 2%
for the best efficiency point. The disturbance on the trailing edge of the blade caused by
offsetting the designed surface in order to give thickness the blade is reduced, when under
filing is performed in the impeller blades, While making the comparison of the CFD results;
the convergence of the analyses should be obtained. If the instable analyses are faced by
means of convergence, the number of elements should be increased and the analyses should
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be rerun for the stability. The integration of the CFD software to the design process is a
continuous procedure. The code should be verified in each case study by comparing the CFD
results with actual test results. The specific methods were to increase the blade inlet structure
angle 1K at the blade the affect of vortex, and increase the flow rate in. [11] the test results
are compared with the CFD results and hydraulic design of the pump. Selecting the suitable
blade and vane thicknesses, blade swirl and vane swept angles are important from the
manufacturing point of view.
Paper 7:Michal Varcholaa, Peter Hlbocanb, b* in his studies of Geometry Design of a
Mixed Flow Pump Using Experimental Results of on Internal Impeller Flow research of the
velocity and pressure flow field in the impeller of the mixed flow pump.[12]
A subject of this paper is a numerical solution of a mixed - flow pump geometry with
respect to a distribution of a static ressure in the channel of the pump. The distributions of
pressure and velocity fields were obtained through experiments. The blade's design was
obtained according to the pressure distribution in the impellers channel. The hydraulic
projection of an impeller is very sensitive in terms of the overall efficiency as well as the
position of the best efficiency point. Or said in a different way, the match of optimal flowrate and the specific energy measured and calculated. The pump designed through the
described procedure, achieved its peak efficiency at the calculation point, which justifies the
validity of the procedure. It can be said that the method used for projection of a blade cut
based on the characteristic pressure distribution in the channel of the impeller, seems to be
perspective for the prime projection of geometry of the diagonal pump.

MY COMMENTS:-

____________________________________________________________
From the above review it is conclude that the following scope of work.

CFD ANALYSIS OF MIXED FLOW IMPELLER


IMPELLER & BLADE MATERIAL CAN BE CHANGE
NUMBER OF BLADE INCRESES
NUMBER OF BLADE DECRESES
BLADE INLET ANGLE CAN BECHANGE
BLADE OUTLET ANGLE CAN BE CHNGE
CFD SOFTWERE RESULTS CAMPARE WITH THE ACTUAL TESTED
RESULTS AMD GET MAXIMUM HEAD

CONCLUSION:I have studied all the research papers. After I have found the solution how to
improve mixed flow pump efficiency and head. I will do mixed flow pump impeller
in modeling and meshing. Also, I will modify the impeller with number of blade
increase or decrease also change to be blade inlet and outlet angle. I will do CFD
Analysis of all this readings in CFX software. So I will get a different reading of
different parameters. According to all this reading, I will get best result of these
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different parameters. With this performance I can improve the mixed flow pump
efficiency and head. I will do CFD Software Results Compare with the Actual Tested
Results and Get Maximum Head and efficiency.

Nomenclature
C1 - axial velocity (m/s)
D1 - inlet diameter (m)
Q - Discharge (m3/s)
U1 - circumferential velocity (m/s)
1 - inlet blade angle (Deg)
- Angular velocity (deg/s)

REFERENCE: ___________________________________________________________________________
[1] Yun Chuan-yuan. Numerical Calculation of Turbulent Flow, Performance Experiment
Mixed-flow Pump Impeller. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery.
V01.39, No.3 2008. 52-55
[2] MA Xi-jin, ZHANG Huachuan, ZHANG Kewei. Numerical Simulation and Experiment
Analysis of Thirdly Circulating Feed-water Mixed-flow Pump in Nuclear Power Station.
FLUID MACHINERY. Vol.37, No.09, 2009 6-9
[3] JIA Rui-xuan, XU Hong. Optimal design of low specific speed mixed-flow pumps
impeller.Journal of Drainage Irrigation Machinery Engineering. Vol. No.02, 2010 98-102
[4] S. Cao, G. Peng, and Z. Yu, Hydrodynamic design of rot dynamic pump impeller for
Multiphase pumping by combined approach of inverse design and CFD analysis, ASME
Transactions, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol.127, 2005, pp. 330-338.
[5] J. Anagnostopoulos, CFD Analysis and design effects in a radial pump impeller, WSEAS
Trans. on Fluid Mechanics, Is. 7, Vol. 1, 2006, pp. 763-770.
[6] T.E.Stirling : Analysis of the design of two pumps using NEL methods Centrifugal
Pumps-Hydraulic Design-I Mech E Conference Publications 1982-11, C/183/82.
[7] Miner S.M. 2001, 3-D viscous flow analysis of a mixed flow pump impeller,International
Journal of Rotating Machinery, Vol. 7, No. l, pp. 53-63.

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[8] A. Furukawa, H. Takahara, T. Nakagawa, Y.Ono, Pressure Fluctuation in a Vaned


Diffuser Downstream from a Centrifugal Pump Impeller, Intl. J. of Rotating Machinery, Vol.
9, 2003, pp. 285-292.
[9] J. S. Numerical calculation of the flow in a centrifugal pump impeller using cartesian grid.
In: 2nd Wseas Int. Conference on Applied and Theoretical Mechanics, 2006, Veneza, Itlia,
Proceedings 2nd WSEAS, Veneza, 2006, p. 124-129.
Available at: <http://www.fluid.mech.ntua.gr/lht/PYTHAGORAS/dimosieuseis/D-9.pdf>.
[10] J. L.; Carrilo L. P.; Espinoza H. Three-dimensional simulation of the entrance-impeller
interaction of a hydraulic disc pump, Rev. Tc. Ing. Univ. Zulia, v. 29, n. 1, p. 49-57, 2006.
Available at:
<http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S025407702006000100007&ln
g=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es>.
[11] JIA Rui-xuan, XU Hong. Optimal design of low specific speed mixed-flow pump
impeller. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering. Vol. No.02, 2010 98102
[12] Paciga A.- Strek O.- Gano M.-Varchola M.: Experimental research of the velocity
and pressure flow field in the impeller of the mixed flow pump. Research report.
Experimentlny vskum rchlostnho a tlakovho poa v obenom kolese diagonlneho
erpadla, Vskumn sprva Hz-14/70 ES SVT Bratislava 1973 .(In Slovak)

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