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Human Builder
Version 5 Release 16
Human Builder
User's Guide
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Human Builder
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Special Notices
CATIA is a registered trademark of Dassault Systmes.
Protected by one or more U.S. Patents number 5,615,321; 5,774,111; 5,821,941; 5,844,566; 6,233,351;
6,292,190; 6,360,357; 6,396,522; 6,459,441; 6,499,040; 6,545,680; 6,573,896; 6,597,382; 6,654,011;
6,654,027; 6,717,597; 6,745,100; 6,762,778; 6,828,974 other patents pending.
DELMIA is a registered trademark of Dassault Systmes.
ENOVIA is a registered trademark of Dassault Systmes.
SMARTEAM is a registered trademark of SmarTeam Corporation Ltd.
Any of the following terms may be used in this publication. These terms are trademarks of:
Java
Sun Microsystems Computer Company
OLE, VBScript for Windows, Visual Basic
Microsoft Corporation
IMSpost
Intelligent Manufacturing Software, Inc.
All other company names and product names mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
Certain portions of this product contain elements subject to copyright owned by the following entities:
Copyright Dassault Systemes
Copyright Dassault Systemes of America
Copyright D-Cubed Ltd., 1997-2000
Copyright ITI 1997-2000
Copyright Cenit 1997-2000
Copyright Mental Images Gmbh & Co KG, Berlin/Germany 1986-2000
Copyright Distrim2 Lda, 2000
Copyright Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA
Copyright Compaq Computer Corporation
Copyright Boeing Company
Copyright IONA Technologies PLC
Copyright Intelligent Manufacturing Software, Inc., 2000
Copyright SmarTeam Corporation Ltd
Copyright Xerox Engineering Systems
Copyright Bitstream Inc.
Copyright IBM Corp.
Copyright Silicon Graphics Inc.
Copyright Installshield Software Corp., 1990-2000
Copyright Microsoft Corporation
Copyright Spatial Corp.
Copyright LightWork Design Limited 1995-2000
Copyright Mainsoft Corp.
Copyright NCCS 1997-2000
Copyright Weber-Moewius, D-Siegen
Copyright Geometric Software Solutions Company Limited, 2001
Copyright Cogito Inc.
Copyright Tech Soft America
Copyright LMS International 2000, 2001
Human Builder
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Raster Imaging Technology copyrighted by Snowbound Software Corporation 1993-2001

CAM-POST Version 2001/14.0 ICAM Technologies Corporation 1984-2001. All rights reserved
The 2D/2.5D Display analysis function, the MSC.Nastran interface and the ANSYS interface are based on LMS
International technologies and have been developed by LMS International
ImpactXoft, IX Functional Modeling, IX Development, IX, IX Design, IXSPeeD, IX Speed Connector, IX Advanced
Rendering, IX Interoperability Package, ImpactXoft Solver are trademarks of ImpactXoft. Copyright 20012002 ImpactXoft. All rights reserved.
This software contains portions of Lattice Technology, Inc. software. Copyright 1997-2004 Lattice
Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2005, Dassault Systmes. All rights reserved.
Human Builder
Human Builder
Overview
Conventions
What's New?
Getting Started
Changing Manikin Display Attributes
Manikin Creation or Insertion
Creating a Manikin
The New Manikin Dialog box
Saving a Manikin
Creating a Forearm/Hand Model
Copy/Paste/Inserting a Existing Manikin
Manikin tree organization
Manikin Attribute Organization
Using the Sub-Tree
User Tasks
Creating/Editing the Manikin Profiles
Appearance
Whole Manikin Graphical Properties
Accessing the Graphical Properties Toolbar
Changing the Properties of Segments
Changing the Properties of Ellipses
Changing the Transparency of the Surfaces
Display
Manikin Display
Coloring
Changing the Color of a Segment
Changing the Manikins color of their eyes, mouth, and hair
Vision
Posture of the Manikin
Window Display Tab
Accessing Vision Options
Edit the Vision Parameters
Anthropometry
Manikin Anthropometry
Reports
Reporting Capabilities
Creating/Editing the Manikin Settings
Posture
Position
Position of the Manikin
Referential
Redefining the Manikin Referential
Inverse Kinematics Behaviors
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Human Builder
Angular Limitations
Angular limitations Node in the Manikin Tree
Preferred Angles
Preferred Angles Node in the Manikin Tree
Loads
Load Parameters
Offsets
Creating Multiple Offsets
Redefining the Segments Offset
Publishing a existing Offset
Attaches
Attaching an Object to a Manikin Segment
Constraints
Using Manikin Constraints
Resetting the Target function for Fix and Fix On Constraints
Performing Operations on the Manikin Tree
Global Posture Swap
Local Posture Reset
Local Posture Mirror Copy
Local Posture Swap
Vision Posture Reset
Using the Copy/Paste Function
Positioning the Manikin
Making the Manikin Stand
Positioning the Manikin with the Compass
Using the Place Mode
Defining the Manikin Posture
Using Forward Kinematics
Using the Posture Editor
Interactive Positioning with the Reach Mode
Using the Inverse Kinematics Modes
Applying Standard Poses
Using Posture Undo/Redo
Eyes following the compass with IK and Reach Mode
Adds a Description to a Manikin Object
Retrieving Center of Gravity Coordinates
Manikin Catalog Management
Using the Manikin Simulation Commands
Using the Shuttle Command
Using the Simulation Command
Using the Generate Replay Simulation Command
Using the Generate Video Command
Using the Replay Command
Using the Track Command
Using the Play Simulation Command
Measuring the Manikin Workspace
Manikin Workspace Analysis
Distance & Band Analysis
About Distance & Band Analysis
Measuring Minimum Distances & Distances Along X,Y,Z
Running Band Analysis
Exporting & Publishing Distance Results
Measuring Arc Sections
Measuring Distances between Geometrical Entities
Measuring Angles
Measure Cursors
Accessing other Human Workbenches
Access the Human Posture workbench
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Human Builder
The Manikin Workbench Access Toolbar

Safe Saving into Enovia LCA from CATIA V5
How to Do a Safe Save in ENOVIA LCA from CATIA V5
Using Global Collision Detection
Using the Reach Envelope
Creating a Clash (Interference) Check
Swept Volume for Manikin Simulation
Swept Volume for a Walk Activity
Swept Volume using Segments of a Manikin
Swept Volume with Segments moving with a attached or picked object
Importing the Swept Volume into the Process
Workbench Description
Human Builder Menu Bar
Manikin Workbench Access Toolbar
Manikin Constraints Toolbar
Update Toolbar
Manikin Simulation Toolbar
Manikin Workspace Analysis Toolbar
Manikin Tools Toolbar
Manikin Posture Toolbar
Customizing
Glossary
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Human Builder
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Overview
Welcome to the Human Builder User's Guide!
This guide is intended for users who need to become quickly familiar with the product.
This overview provides the following information:
Human Builder in a Nutshell
Before Reading this Guide
Getting the Most Out of this Guide
Accessing Sample Documents
Conventions Used in this Guide
Human Builder in a Nutshell

Human Builder is based on a best-in-class human modeling system which, for many years, has permitted detailed investigation into
human-centered design issues in the context of a workplace before it physically exists. Human Builder provides very accurate
simulation of humans and their interactions with products to ensure they will operate naturally in a workplace tailored to their tasks.
The Human Builder product specifically focuses on creating and manipulating digital humans for "first level" human-product
interaction analysis.
Human Builder consists of a number of advanced tools for creating, manipulating and analyzing how manikins (based on the 5th, 50th
and 95th percentile value) can interact with a product. The manikins can then be used to assess the suitability of a product for form,
fit and function. The manikins can be intuitively created and manipulated in conjunction with the digital mockup to check features
such as reach and vision. A simple-to-use interface ensures that first-level human factors studies can be undertaken by non-human
factors specialists.
Tools contained within the Human Builder product include manikin generation, gender specification, percentile specification, direct
kinematics and inverse kinematics manipulation techniques, animation generation, monocular, binocular and ambinocular vision
simulation, as well as vision output cones.
Before Reading this Guide

Before reading this guide, you should be familiar with basic Version 5 concepts such as document windows, standard and view
toolbars. Therefore, we recommend that you read the Infrastructure User's Guide that describes generic capabilities common to all
Version 5 products. It also describes the general layout of V5 and the interoperability between workbenches.
You may also like to read the following complementary product guides, for which the appropriate license is required:
Human Posture Analysis
Human Measurements Editor
Human Activity Analysis
Getting the Most Out of this Guide

To get the most out of this guide, we suggest that you start reading and performing the step-by-step Getting Started tutorial. This
tutorial will show you how to create a standard manikin and a hand/forearm model, and how to change manikin display attributes.
Human Builder
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Once you have finished, you should move on to the User Tasks section of the book that provides procedures for using the features of
Human Builder.
The Workbench Description section describes each functional icon or command in the workbenches.
The Glossary provides definitions of terms specific to Human Builder and related products.
Navigating in the Split View mode is recommended. This mode offers a framed layout allowing direct access from the table of contents
to the information.
Accessing Sample Documents

To perform the scenarios, sample documents are provided. For more information about this, refer to "Accessing Sample Documents"
in the Infrastructure User's Guide.
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Conventions
Certain conventions are used in CATIA, ENOVIA & DELMIA documentation to help you recognize and understand important concepts
and specifications.
Graphic Conventions
The three categories of graphic conventions used are as follows:
Graphic conventions structuring the tasks
Graphic conventions indicating the configuration required
Graphic conventions used in the table of contents
Graphic Conventions Structuring the Tasks

Graphic conventions structuring the tasks are denoted as follows:
This icon...
Identifies...
estimated time to accomplish a task
a target of a task
the prerequisites
the start of the scenario
a tip
a warning
information
basic concepts
methodology
reference information
information regarding settings, customization, etc.
the end of a task
functionalities that are new or enhanced with this release
Human Builder
allows you to switch back to the full-window viewing mode
Graphic Conventions Indicating the Configuration Required

Graphic conventions indicating the configuration required are denoted as follows:
This icon...
Indicates functions that are...

specific to the P1 configuration
Graphic Conventions Used in the Table of Contents

Graphic conventions used in the table of contents are denoted as follows:
This icon...
Gives access to...

Site Map
Split View Mode
What's New?
Overview
Getting Started
Basic Tasks
User Tasks or Advanced Tasks
Interoperability
Customizing
Administration Tasks
Reference
Methodology
Frequently Asked Questions
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Human Builder
Glossary
Index
Text Conventions
The following text conventions are used:
The titles of CATIA, ENOVIA and DELMIA documents appear in this manner throughout the text.
File -> New identifies the commands to be used.
Enhancements are identified by a blue-colored background on the text.
How to Use the Mouse

The use of the mouse differs according to the type of action you need to perform.
Use this
mouse button...
Whenever you read...
Select (menus, commands, geometry in graphics area, ...)
Click (icons, dialog box buttons, tabs, selection of a location in the document window, ...)
Double-click
Shift-click
Ctrl-click
Check (check boxes)
Drag
Drag and drop (icons onto objects, objects onto objects)
Drag
Move
Right-click (to select contextual menu)
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Human Builder
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What's New?
New Functionality
This functionality produces comprehensive report files from specifications. This gathers the results of the various analyses
found in the Human workbenches including an analysis of the manikins vision.
Manikin eyes following the 3D compass with Reach and IK Mode
This proposes a more natural behavior for the manikin's vision when it is performing a reach or IK on an object. The vision of
the manikin is directed to the object the manikin is trying to pick up, which would be more like a human.
Through a dialog window, you will be able to change the color of the manikin's appearance. This dialog window will display a
choice of colors for each of these three components, the color of the lips, the eyes iris and the hair/eyelids/eyebrows.
Keeping the Relative Position
The Keep Relative Position option allows the user to change the way the attach will react when it is modified.
Enhanced Functionality
New Table of Contents
The table of contents has be changed to help in the ease of use.
Redefining the Segments Offset - Creating multiple offsets
The user also has the possibility to create multiple offsets for the same segment and to decide which one will be the active
offset at the current time. Furthermore, the segment's offsets can be exposed in the knowledge "f(x)", for the Publication.
This is useful mainly in the manufacturing scenarios where the manikin is taking care of multiple tools within a same
simulation or workstation. Each tool can then have its own offset specified on the manikin's hand.
Reset the Target function for Fix and Fix On Constraints
This functionality gives the user the possibility to reset the target of a fix or a fix on constraint. This will considerably reduce
the time for resetting a constraint, as previously, the user had to delete the old constraint and create a new one.
Data can be saved in the Catalog
This will include angular limitations properties, Appearance properties, offsets and reports. This data will be modeled and
saved within the existing CATSwl files, to which the catalog elements will point, as it is the case for other manikin data that
can be reused by the user.
Modification of the Whole Graphical Properties of the Manikin
This will make the Properties Panel more coherent and groups all the related data together in a unique tab instead of
multiple copies of the same tab.
The Manikin Attribute Organization PPR tree
This will make the the organization of the PPR tree more coherent and groups all the related data together.
Integration of Clash Analysis in all Manikin Manipulation modes
This provides full integration of all clash detection capabilities to the manikin.
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Getting Started
This tutorial provides an overview of Human Builder functionality. It provides a step-by-step scenario showing you how to use key
functions to get familiar with Human Builder.
The tasks described in this section are:
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Human Builder

This task will describe how to set and edit manikin display attributes.
In the toolbar, select the Changes the Display of a Manikin icon
and in the 3D view or the specification tree,
select a manikin. The Display Attributes dialog box appears displaying the following choices:
Rendering
Segments
Ellipses
Surfaces
Resolution
Vision
Line of sight
Peripheral cone
Central cone
Cone type
Others
Center of gravity
Human Builder
To change the manikin display, select the appropriate toggle button.
Various display types can be selected at the same time.
Rendering
Segments
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Ellipses
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Surfaces
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Resolution
Resolution represents the number of points taken on each ellipse to draw the surfaces at manikin creation. The default
value of this parameter is 32 but it can vary from 4 to 128.
Low resolution:
Human Builder
High resolution:
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Vision
Line of sight
The line of sight is designed to facilitate the manipulation of the manikin's vision. The blue line can be selected and
manipulated with any command in the Manikin Posture toolbar in the same way as any other manikin segment.
Human Builder
Peripheral cone
Central cone
Cone type
In the drop-down menu, the default type is Flat. Choose from:
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Others
Center of gravity (COG)
The center of gravity cannot be manipulated. However, the COG is constantly updated as the manikin's posture
changes.
Human Builder

These are the tasks that a user performs creating or inserting a manikin:
Creating a Manikin
Saving a Manikin
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Creating a Manikin
If you do not have an active product with a manikin, follow these steps to create a manikin.
If you are in the Human Builder Workbench, and already have an active product containing a manikin, proceed to step 6.
1. Go to the Start menu.
2. From the Start menu, select Ergonomics Design & Analysis -> Human Builder to create a new manikin.
3. Select the icon Inserts a new Manikin,
from the Manikin Tools toolbar, or from the Insert pull-down
menu.
4. Click on the Product name in the PPR tree. Under the Manikin tab, select the father product, enter a name for
the manikin, set the gender, and the percentile.
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5. Under the Optional tab, set the population, model-type, referential, and choose whether or not to set the
referential to a compass location.
6. Or if you already have an active product containing a manikin, select the manikin or double-click a segment to
change to the workbench.
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This task describes how to create a standard manikin. Once created, the manikin will appear in the specification tree right
under the chosen father product. The manikin will then be a component of the chosen product.
1. Go to the Start menu (see below).
2. From the Start menu, select Ergonomics Design & Analysis->Human Builder.
3. From the Insert menu, select New Manikin.
OR
Select the Inserts a new manikin icon
in the Manikin Tools toolbar.
4. The New manikin dialog box appears with two tabs: Manikin and Optional.
5. Select the OK button. The new manikin will appear.
It may be necessary to click on the Fit All In
Manikin tab
icon to make the whole manikin fit the viewpoint.
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Father product: Since manikins are created inside CATProduct documents, you must select the Father product by
clicking the desired document in the specification tree. The Father document's name will automatically be placed in the
read-only field.
The Father product is the product that the manikin will be attached to in the specification tree. It can be the root
product or any other product under the root.
Please note that the Father product cannot be another manikin.

Manikin name: In this field, you can enter a name for the manikin i.e., Driver, Passenger, Machine X Operator, etc. This
name is typically used to identify the manikin within the document. Several manikins may have the same name.
Please note that if you leave this field blank, the default name will be Manikin1 (2, 3, etc.), and the manikin will be saved
under Manikin1.CATProduct.
Gender: In this field, you must choose whether the manikin will be a man or a woman.
Percentile: You can choose the percentile (between 0.01 and 99.9) that the new manikin will be built from.
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The percentile is applied to the stature (height) as well as the weight of the new manikin. It indicates the group
the manikin will belong to within the ordered statistical population.
In other words, the stature and the weight of the new manikin are both set at the chosen percentile except the 50th
percentile, where all the variables are then set at the 50th percentile. All other anthropometric variables are estimated
according to the population chosen.
Optional tab
Population: In this field, select the nationality of the manikin from the default set of populations: American, Canadian,
French, Japanese, or Korean.
Model: In this field, choose the model-type desired: whole body, right forearm, or left forearm.
Referential: In this field, choose the initial referential point of the new manikin. The choices are: Eye point, H-Point
(default), Left foot, Right foot, Lowest foot, and Crotch. For more information, see the Referential example below.
Set Referential to Compass Location: If this parameter is activated, you will be able to assign the initial position of the
manikin with the compass, i.e., a plant floor. If the parameter is not activated, the manikin will be displayed at its default
position (world origin). For more information, see the Referential example below.
Referential example
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1. In the samples directory, open the file NewFloor.CATProduct. Snap the compass to the desired location on the
floor.
2. Select the Create a Manikin icon.
Select the Father product in the Manikin tab as described above. In
the Optional tab, set the left foot as the referential and activate Set Referential to Compass Location as
shown below. Click OK.
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3. The manikin is created with its referential (left foot) set to the compass location and appears in the "initial"
position.
4. Note the enhanced appearance of the head.
Human Builder
and the spine model.
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Saving a Manikin
This task describes storage management principles involving manikins in the Human family of products.
A manikin is created in the same document as its father product, thus avoiding file duplication in the saving process. Manikins created in
such a manner can further be imported into a new document, and most importantly, manikins created with previous releases of the
software will import as well, without any particular required operation from the user (no data migration needed). There is no duplication of
files on the user disk unless it is really necessary.
1. To save a manikin select File > Save As...
2. The file Selection dialog box appears. Select the directory that you would like to save the manikin in.
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This task describes how to create a forearm model with fully-articulated hand.
1. From the Insert menu, select New Manikin.
OR
Select the Manikin Creation button
in the Manikin Tools toolbar.
2. The New manikin dialog box appears.
3. Select the Father product and the Manikin name. Accept the defaults in the Gender, Population, and Percentile
fields.
For Model: Select Right Forearm or Left Forearm.
Human Builder
4. Select the OK button. The selected forearm/hand model appears.
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Once the forearm/hand model is created, position it with the compass in the same manner that you position a manikin. It
is also possible to:
use the Posture Editor on the forearm
use the Forward Kinematics command
paste local postures from a catalog
on the hand, fingers, and thumb
Some functions may not be used with the forearm/hand model. These are: the Vision function
Kinematics functions
the Human Activities workbench.
, the Reach Mode
, the Constraint function
, the Inverse
and all commands in
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This task describes storage management principles involving manikins in the Human family of products.
A manikin is created in the same document as its father product, thus avoiding file duplication in the saving process. Manikins created in
such a manner can further be imported into a new document, and most importantly, manikins created with previous releases of the
software will import as well, without any particular required operation from the user (no data migration needed). There is no duplication of
files on the user disk unless it is really necessary.
Each manikin created is local to its document, and copying a manikin from one CATProduct document to another will require you to
explicitly break the link with the Copy/Paste Special command.
1. If you want to import an existing manikin, use the Insert Existing Component command of the Product Structure workbench.
2. Please note that when working with CATProcess documents, the behavior of a manikin inserted as a resource will not change. That
is, this does not apply to manikins imported in a CATProcess document. Also note that manikins created in previous releases of
Human Builder (those in their standalone documents) will continue to behave as such (they will not be merged with the document
they are imported in).
3. The command prompt asks for a component to which the existing component will be added. Click on the Product1 in the PPR
tree.
Human Builder
4. The File Selection dialog box appears. Select the directory, and manikin required, and Open.
5. This places the manikin into the scenario.
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Human Builder

These are some functions available in the Manikin tree organization using Human Builder:
Using the Sub-Tree
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A node for each manikin attribute is displayed under three main sections in the PPR tree.
Body
Note that the Spine node is made up of a Lumbar node and a Thoracic
node, not individual vertebra segments
The Line of sight node is located under the Body section.
Profiles
This section contains all general (not specific to a segment) attributes
intrinsic to the manikin.
Settings
This section contains the attributes used for setting the manikin in its
environment through posturing and positioning.
Using Manikin Attributes
Right-click on any individual node or on a manikin node and choose

Properties from the contextual menu
Individual node:
View or edit the properties of any attribute.
Manikin node:
Each attribute displayed in the specification tree has a corresponding
properties tab in the manikin's properties dialog box. These include
Offsets, Angular Limitations, and Preferred Angles.
From the PPR tree, select a single attribute or select a combination of

attributes (and specific segments, if desired) using the Ctrl key
Save manikin attributes within catalogs. These manikin attributes are
selected directly from the PPR tree.
Cut/Copy/Paste attributes from one manikin to another.
Right-click on one node and execute available commands (Reset/Swap/
Mirror Copy) for the selected objects (attributes).
Note that the command is applied on all the selected attributes.
CAUTION: If body segments are selected alone (no attributes are

selected) and a command invoked, the result is exactly as if ALL
ATTRIBUTES ARE SELECTED. For example, right-click on the Right
Arm node and select the Reset command. The result is that
everything applied to the right arm is reset (posture, position, locks,
angular limitations, preferred angles).
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Using the Sub-Tree

In a complex process, the PPR tree can become large and complicated. You may want to view or use only a select few
tasks, activities, or data within the larger tree.
In the manikin's tree, right-click on the node that you would like to use and select the Open Sub-Tree command from the
contextual menu.
The sub-tree window for the selected manikin node opens. Objects can be selected and manipulated in the sub-tree
window in the same way as in the PPR tree.
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Human Builder
User Tasks
These are the tasks that a user performs using Human Builder:
Performing Operations on the Manikin Tree
Adds a Description to a Manikin Object
Using the Manikin Simulation Commands
Swept Volume for Manikin Simulation
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Human Builder

These are the tasks that a user performs to Create or edit the Manikin profiles using Human Builder:
Appearance
Display
Coloring
Vision
Anthropometry
Reports
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Human Builder
Appearance
These are the tasks that affect the Appearance of the Manikin using Human Builder:
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It is also possible to access and change the graphical properties of the manikin as a whole. To do this, select the
Manikin node in the specification tree and, from the main menu toolbar, choose Edit > Properties or right-click on the
Manikin node and choose Properties from the contextual menu that appears.
The Properties dialog box for the chosen manikin node appears.
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Graphical properties chosen in this dialog box apply to the entire manikin and will override any properties set for
individual segments.
Manikin property tabs include:
Appearance
Angular limitations
Preferred Angles
Product
Resource
Display
Coloring
Vision
Anthropometry
Referential
IK Behaviors
Attaches
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The graphical properties of segments can also be changed using the Graphic Properties toolbar.
Activate the Graphic Properties toolbar by selecting View->Toolbars->Graphic Properties in the main menu toolbar.
The Graphic Properties toolbar (see below) can now be accessed. When a segment is interactively selected, some portions
of the Graphic Properties toolbar are enabled. It is then possible to change the colors of the surfaces and segments
selected using this toolbar.
Fill color: Displays and changes the color of the selected element.
Transparency: Displays and changes the current transparency value. A value of 100% indicates 0 (zero) transparency.
Line weight: Displays and changes the current line thickness. When applied to a segment, only the line thickness of the
segment may be changed, not the ellipses.
Line type: Displays and changes the current line type of the segment.
Point symbol: Set the point symbol you want to use to represent the point using the appropriate combo box.
Rendering Style: not used with manikin segments.
Layers: not used with manikin segments.
Painter: See "Using the Graphic Properties Toolbar" in the Infrastructure User's Guide.
Human Builder
Wizard: See "Using the Graphic Properties Wizard" in the Infrastructure User's Guide.
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To change the properties of the segments themselves, choose a color from the Lines and Curves section of the Properties
dialog box.
You can also change the color, line type, and thickness of the selected segments. In the example below, the forearm
segment color has been changed to red.
They can also be accessed from the Appearance node and the segment using the CTRL key.
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In the Appearances Tab, use the Edges section of the Properties dialog box to choose or change the color, line type and
thickness of the selected ellipses.
In the example below, the ellipses of the forearm have been changed to large dashed red lines; the ellipses of the hand to
small dashed yellow lines.
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To change the transparency of the surfaces, manipulate the Transparency slider in the Fill section of the Properties dialog
box.
Moving the slider to a value greater than 0 (zero) activates the transparency for the selected surfaces. The greater the
value, the more transparent the surface becomes. Transparency values range from 0 to 255.
Human Builder
Display
These are the tasks that affect the Display of the Manikin using Human Builder:
Manikin Display
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Manikin Display
1. With the PPR Tree expanded double-click on this node in the manikin. This node will automatically open a vision window.
2. Right-click on the Display node and the contextual window appears showing the various functions.
3. Select the Properties.
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Human Builder
Coloring
These are the tasks that affect the Coloring of a Manikin using Human Builder:
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You can change the color of a segment by using the contextual menu or the edit menu.
Using the Contextual Menu

To change the color of a segment using the contextual menu, right-click the mouse on the desired segment to activate the
contextual menu, and choose Properties.
Using the Edit menu
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1. To change the color of a segment using the Edit menu, from the main menu select Edit > Properties.
2. The Properties dialog box is displayed. Click on the Appearance tab and go to the Selected Body Elements / Surface
Color section.
Human Builder
3. Select a color and click Apply. The surface color of the selected segment will change accordingly.
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Human Builder
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Changing the Manikins eyes, mouth, and hair color

Through a dialog window you can change the color of the manikin's appearance. This dialog window will display a choice
of colors for each of the three components. You can change the color of the lips, the eyes iris and the hair/eyelids/
eyebrows.
The appearance properties dialog window won't be accessible in Human Measurements Editor workbench.
The modification of the manikin's appearance is possible through a dialog window displaying a selection of colors for each
of the components available. You can access this dialog window two different ways:
Directly from the tree's node: A sub-node called Appearance will be accessible under the existing node, Profiles in
the manikin's tree.
Select Properties in the contextual menu. The Appearance tab appears in the Properties dialog box. In the Head
Details Color, change what is required, and click on OK.
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Human Builder
Using these Detail colors:
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Human Builder
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From the Manikin's Properties panel (right-click on the manikin and select properties). The panel allowing the color
modification will also be available under the Appearance tab of the manikin's Properties dialog box.
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Human Builder
Vision
These are the tasks that affect the Vision of a Manikin using Human Builder:
Window Display Tab
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Human Builder
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Manikin Vision
1. With the PPR Tree expanded double-click on this node in the manikin. This node will automatically open a vision window.
2. Right-click on the Vision node and the contextual window appears showing the various functions.
Human Builder
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Human Builder
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Window Display Tab

This page describes the functionality within the Distance tab in the Vision tab of the worker's Properties dialog box.
Use the following options to customize the vision window display of the worker:
Scale
Hide title
Peripheral contour
Central spot
Blind spot
Scale
Use the Scale field to decrease or increase the size of the Vision window to a maximum of three (3) times its original size.
Hide title
This option hides or displays the title inscription on the opened vision window.
Vision Window without title:
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Peripheral contour
This option prompts or cancels the window's colored zone display bordering the field of vision. By default, the peripheral
contour is not displayed.
Vision window with peripheral contour:
Central spot
The central spot of vision corresponds to the focus location. It is the end of the line sight. The Central spot button
prompts or cancels the display of the central point of vision; that central spot is represented by a circle.
Vision window with central spot display:
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Blind spot
The area of the human eye that is not covered with sensitive cells is the point where the optic nerve is attached to the
eye.
This field is represented by a blue point in the vision window. The blind spot is only represented in monocular vision. The
Blind spot button prompts or cancels the display of the blind spot.
By default, the blind spot is not displayed.
Vision window with blind spot:
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This procedure describes how to set and modify the color of manikin peripheral cones and central cones.
In the main menu, select Tools->Options.

Scroll down, if necessary and select Ergonomics Design & Analysis->Human Builder->Display.
The image below shows the default colors for peripheral cones (red), central cones (yellow), and the blind spot (blue). You
may modify these colors at any time i.e., for better visual contrast with the colors in your particular workspace.
Human Builder
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This task describes the Vision function and how to set and edit manikin vision attributes. Using this function, you will see a scene through the
manikin's eyes, displayed in a separate window.
Just like humans, a manikin can see its environment. Manikin vision can be with both eyes or limited to only one eye. Even the blind spot is
simulated.
The Manikin eyes follow the 3D compass with Reach and IK Mode
This proposes a more natural behavior for the manikin's vision when it is performing a reach or IK on an object. The vision of the manikin is
directed to the object the manikin is trying to pick up, which would be more like human behavior.
1. Select the Vision icon
from the Manikin Tools toolbar and then select a manikin, OR double-click on the Manikin > Profiles >
Vision node to achieve the same results.
2. The default vision window appears.
No vision window will appear until the manikin is selected.
Human Builder
3. Right-click anywhere on the vision window. The vision menu appears.
4. Choose Edit from the following options:
Capture
to capture the view as an image file
Edit
to edit the manikin's vision with the Vision dialog box
Close
to close the vision window
5. The Vision dialog box for the selected manikin appears.

6. Use the check boxes to change the display appearance of the vision window.
7. Select the View modes button to access the Custom View Modes dialog box.
8. Use the check boxes to further customize the vision window display.
9. To access other vision properties, right-click the Manikin node or Vision node in the PPR tree and select Properties.
10. The Properties dialog box appears.
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Human Builder
11. Select the Manikin > Vision tab.
The Vision tab contains the following fields:
Type
Field of View
Distance
Window Display
For more information, please read Changing Manikin Display Attributes.
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Human Builder
Anthropometry
These are the tasks that affect the Anthropometry of a Manikin using Human Builder:
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Human Builder
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1. With the PPR Tree expanded double-click on this node in the manikin. This node will allow you to change the workbench to
Human Measurements Editor.
2. Right-click on the Anthropometry node and the contextual window appears showing the various functions. Select Properties.
This shows the manikin's statistics.
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Human Builder
Reports
These are the tasks that crete Reports of a Manikin using Human Builder:
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Human Builder
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This functionality produces comprehensive report files from specifications. This gathers the results of the various analyses
found in the Human workbenches including an analysis of the manikin's vision.
The general concept for the reporting capabilities is the report object that is capable of extracting output information
from the different ergonomic analyses, and dumping this information into a formatted text or html file.
This creates and customizes one or several report objects, and activate/deactivates those at any given point in time.
Each report object is assigned to a specific manikin and associated to an output file (the log). The updating of these logs
can be activated by using the Update
command for Human Builder. For Human Task Simulation, activate the
Update Analyses During Simulation, in the Tools > Options >Ergonomics >Human Task Simulation > General
Tab.
There is also a Vision analysis in the list of possible reports on the manikin. This report contains the length of the line of
sight (focal distance) and the snapshot (image) of the manikin's vision window.
The benefits that allow you to save the outputs of human static analyses into formatted text files are:
The analysis results can be consulted more efficiently, and individual results can easily be compared together.
The resulting files can easily be processed and reformatted (in Microsoft Excel for example), in order to be presented
in a different context (management report, web page, snapshots for presentations).
With the report objects, it is possible to run ergonomic analyses without opening the corresponding panels and without
switching workbenches (all analyses are done in the background).
Ergonomic problems can be identified more quickly and easily, and corrective actions can be taken earlier.
With the Vision analysis, you will get a image of the vision of a specific manikin at a certain moment in time. This will
allow you to enhance their analysis capability and therefore help validate that the manikin is positioned in the right
places to view their environment correctly. In the list of possible reports, you will have an item Vision Analysis. This
report consists of the value of the line of sight and the image of the manikin's vision window.
Select the workbench for the Reporting Procedures:
Human Builder
Human Task Simulation A specific analysis in this workbench will be selectable for activation only if the proper product
license check succeeds for this analysis, and the workbench is available.
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Human Builder
Human Builder Report Procedures

1. In the Human Builder workbench select the Inserts a new Report
command that is located in the Insert
menu bar or in the Manikin Tools toolbar.

2. Selecting the Inserts a new Report command, you are then prompted to select a manikin the new object will
belong to. Once the manikin is selected, the Report Definition panel appears:
3. You can choose any combination of analyses to populate the report, by toggling them from the Available
column to the Selected column. The Output File field contains a default path, pointing to the V5 temporary
directory (CATTemp), but you can change the output file of the report by clicking the File... button. This field
also contains a history of the last few report files used (hence the combo). If the output file name's extension is .
htm or .html, then the report written to this file will be in html format, Otherwise, the report will be written in
text format.
Each report object must be associated to a specific log file; however, it is permitted to assign two or several
different report objects to the same log file.
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4. You will be able to choose from the following list of analyses, on any report object:
Push/Pull analysis
Carry analysis
RULA analysis
Detailed RULA analysis
Biomechanics analysis - summary
Biomechanical - Spine Limit
Biomechanical - Joint Movement
Biomechanical - Reaction Forces and Moment
Biomechanical - Segment Angle
Postural Score analysis - All DOF Result
Postural Score analysis - All DOF Detailed
Detailed Postural Score analysis - DOF1
Constraint Results
Vision Analysis
Walk Distance-Single Walk
Walk Distance - Cumulative
5. Any combination of analyses can be activated, and each report object must point to a valid output file. A specific
analysis in the above list will be selectable for activation only if the proper product license check succeeds for this
analysis. For instance, the Push/Pull and RULA analyses will be selectable only if the Human Activity Analysis
product is installed.
6. While editing the report properties, clicking another manikin will switch that report object to the new manikin.
The name of the manikin associated to the report object appears in the Manikin field. Also, a default name (i.e.
Report1 Report 2...) is given to the report object. Change the name before you click on OK.
7. When completed, the new report object appears under the selected manikin, in the specification tree:
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Human Builder
8. Descriptions can also be created for the vision, the anthropometry, or the posture of the manikin using the Adds
a description to a manikin object command. Select the appropriate node in the specification tree (Manikin,
Anthropometry, Vision, or Body) and the corresponding description will appear in the text field.
9. After configuring the report object for a specific manikin, the launch of the Update
command in the
Human Builder workbench. This will cause each active report object to update, and each object will send the
results of the activated analyses into its respective log file. Please note that the dialog panels of the
corresponding analyses do not need to be open for the report objects to work. That is, the relevant analyses
are performed in the background, using the manikin's current posture, and no message panel pops up during the
process.
10. Also note that the Auto Update feature will not interfere with the log production. That is, even if the constraint
Update mode is set to Automatic (through the Tools > Options panel of Human Builder), click the Update
button in order to get the log updated.

11. The Update command will therefore have two distinct functions: update the constraints of each manikin in the
current document (if any), its current function, and then, perform an update of the log for each manikin of the
current document that has at least one report object activated. Each click on the Update augments a given log
file, without overwriting the previous information appearing in that file. At any given time, you can view a log
file by other means than V5 (i.e. Notepad, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Office) to verify its contents. If an
activated analysis points to a target log file that does not exist, then that log file is created by its report object
and populated on the next click on Update. If, at that time, for any reason, the log file, cannot be written into
(because of bad file access permissions for example), then the appropriate error panel informs you of the
situation.
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12. The contextual menu of a report object will offer the following commands:
Cut
Copy
Paste
Delete
Activate
Deactivate
Update
Show Log
Edit
13. The Cut, Copy, Paste and Delete commands are straightforward. The activate/deactivate commands can be used
to activate/deactivate a given report object. Inactive report objects will NOT produce an entry in their respective
log file when the global Update
command is launched.
14. The Update command in a report object's contextual menu can be used to force an active report object to update
its log file, using the manikin's current posture. It is this command which is actually called upon in the
background on every active report object when the global Update command (from the workbench) is executed.
You can also use the Update command on the contextual menu of the Reports node, to update all active reports
of one manikin in one operation.
15. The Show Log... command in a report object's contextual menu will open a read-only window displaying the
contents of the log file associated to that report object. Every time the global or local Update command is
launched, the content of that window is updated automatically. Please note that the Show Log... command is
available only on active report objects.
The Edit command pops up the Report Properties panel, just as when double-clicking the object.
For Reporting Capabilities see:

Lift/Lower analysis
Log File txt Format
Log File HTML Format
Vision analysis
Human Builder
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Human Task Simulation Report Procedures

1. For the Human Task Simulation workbench, select the Inserts a new Report
command which is located
in the Menu bar under Tools > Manikin Tools, or in the Manikin Tools toolbar.
2. Make sure that this option, Update Analyses During Simulation, is activated the in the Tools > Options >
Ergonomics > Human Task Simulation > General Tab. .
3. Selecting the Inserts a new Report command, you are then prompted to select the manikin the new object will
belong to. Once the manikin is selected, the Report Definition panel appears:
4. You can choose any combination of analyses to populate the report, by toggling them from the Available
column to the Selected column. The Output File field contains a default path, pointing to the V5 temporary
directory (CATTemp), but you can change the output file of the report by clicking the File... button. This field
also contains a history of the last few report files used (hence the combo). If the output file name's extension is .
htm or .html, then the report written to this file will be in html format, Otherwise, the report will be written in
text format.
Each report object must be associated to a specific log file; however, it is permitted to assign two or several
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different report objects to the same log file. You will be able to choose from the following list of analyses, on any
report object:
Push/Pull analysis
Carry analysis
RULA analysis
Detailed RULA analysis
Biomechanics analysis - summary
Biomechanical - Spine Limit
Biomechanical - Joint Movement
Biomechanical - Reaction Forces and Moment
Biomechanical - Segment Angle
Postural Score analysis - All DOF Result
Postural Score analysis - All DOF Detailed
Constraint Results
Vision Analysis
Walk Distance-Single Walk
Walk Distance - Cumulative
5. Any combination of analyses can be activated, and each report object must point to a valid output file. A specific
analysis in the above list will be selectable for activation only if the proper product license check succeeds for this
analysis. For instance, the Push/Pull and RULA analyses will be selectable only if the Human Activity Analysis
product is installed.
6. While editing the report properties, clicking another manikin will switch that report object to the new manikin
selected. The name of the manikin associated to the report object appears in the Manikin field. Also, a default
name (i.e. Report1 Report2...) is given to the report object. Change the name before clicking on OK. Keep the
name different from any of your activity names, or standard activity names (i.e., WalkSU, or MoveToPostureSU,
etc)
7. When completed, the new report object appears under the selected manikin, in the specification tree:
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9. The walk distance report will be updated only when the process simulation is called on either the process node or
a task. Analysis of subsequent runs will be appended to the log file.
For Scenario's see:

Walk distance - Each walk
Cumulative Walk Distance - Simulation
For Reporting Capabilities see:

Lift/Lower analysis
Log File txt Format
Log File HTML Format
Vision analysis
Human Builder

These are the tasks that a user performs when Creating and Editing the Manikin settings using Human Builder:
Posture
Position
Referential
Angular Limitations
Preferred Angles
Loads
Offsets
Attaches
Constraints
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Human Builder
Posture
These are the tasks that creates a Posture for a Manikin using Human Builder:
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Human Builder
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Manikin Posture
1. With the PPR Tree expanded click on this node in the manikin. This node will allow you to copy the posture of the
manikin to another manikin.
2. Right-click on the Posture node and the contextual window appears showing the various functions.
Human Builder
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Human Builder
Position
These are the tasks that creates a position for a Manikin using Human Builder:
Position of the Manikin
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Human Builder
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Manikin Position
1. With the PPR Tree expanded double-click on this node in the manikin. This node will allow you to copy the
positon of the manikin to another manikin.
2. Right-click on the Position node and the contextual window appears showing the various functions.
Human Builder
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Human Builder
Referential
These are the tasks that create's Referentials of a Manikin using Human Builder:
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Human Builder
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This procedure describes how to change the referential of a manikin.
The referential is the point on the manikin that will remain fixed when a global posture or an anthropometry is applied. For instance, if the
manikin is standing on a flat surface (the floor) and a sitting posture is applied, the feet will remain on the ground if the referential option
"Between Feet" is selected.
1. In the specification tree, select a Manikin node or the Referential node (beneath the Settings node). Click the right mouse button to
activate the contextual menu and choose Properties.
2. The Properties dialog box is displayed. Click the Manikin tab and select the Referential sub-tab.
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3. Using the Referential combo, select the part of the body that will become the new referential and click Apply. The changes are saved.
4. Click Close or OK to exit from the dialog box. Example: In the example below, the left foot is the selected referential. See what
happens when applying a sitting posture.
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Human Builder

These are the tasks that create Inverse Kinematics for a Manikin using Human Builder:
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Human Builder
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The Inverse Kinematics (IK) mode gives you the capability to manipulate the manikin's IK with designed behaviors. This function is
principally for moving the upper body in relationship to the manipulation of the arms and legs.
This manipulation will eventually induce spine and/or hip motion in order to translate and orient the manikin toward the target. In other
words, these behaviors will modify the IK chain, making it local (limbs only) or global (limbs and spine and pelvis).
Two commands are available in IK mode and either may be used depending on the need or the operation to be performed (making a
new posture or fine-tuning an existing posture). Both commands provide easy access to manikin IK capabilities. The only difference
between the two is in the compass orientation (as illustrated below). These commands are mutually exclusive; activating one
automatically deactivates the other. For more information, see Using the Inverse Kinematics Modes.
This example uses the IK Worker Frame Mode and covers the following topics:
IK Worker Frame Mode Command
Segment Twins
Accessing IK Behaviors Options
Using the IK Behaviors Command
Accessing IK Behaviors Properties
IK Worker Frame mode
IK Segment Frame mode
IK Worker Frame Mode Command

From the samples directory, open the Manikin_on_Floor.CATProduct file.
Human Builder
1. Select the IK Worker Frame Mode icon
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in the Manikin Posture toolbar and select the manikin's left hand. Move the
manikin's left hand and observe the IK behavior.
The manikin's IK behavior is currently the default Limb IK chain. If no other behavior option is selected, the IK manipulators, i.e.,
IK Mode, Reach Mode, will drive the arms and legs in order to simulate natural motion.
Note that all the options are not mutually exclusive; more than one item can be activated at the same time. For example, activating both
the Thoracic and Lumbar options will initiate motion of the entire spine if the target cannot be reached by extending the arms.
If multiple Pelvis options are selected, the manikin's pelvis will move (translate, rotate, or laterally orient, depending on the option
selected) with or without preliminary spine motion, depending on the selection status of the Spine option.
Segment Twins
This functionality is available only for the IK and Position Orientation Reach commands.
When the compass is snapped on a hand or foot in IK and Reach Mode, an image of the entire hand or foot in its current posture will
follow the compass. The image will stay there until the IK or Reach mode is exited.
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Setting the Twin options

From the main menu, select Tools->Options->Ergonomics Design & Analysis->Human Builder->Display. In the Twin field
choose the desired color and transparency level.
Accessing IK Behaviors options

IK Behaviors options can be accessed through the IK Behaviors command or by right-clicking the IK Behaviors mode in the PPR tree.
Using the IK Behaviors Command
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1. Select a manikin and, in the Manikin Tools toolbar, select the IK Behaviors command
2. The IK Behaviors dialog box for the selected manikin appears.
3. In this dialog box, you can select various options under these headings:
Line of Sight & Head
Spine
Pelvis
Balance
Using the Line of Sight & Head options

When selected, the Manikin's vision's line of sight will be directed at what the manikin's hands are reaching. In other words, its like the
line of sight will follow the movement of the compass in the Reach or IK mod when involving the hands. The head will stay stationary.
Deactivating this function, and setting the tools > options, the head will also follow the line of sight.
This option will be enabled in the Tools > Options menu. See The Manikin eyes follow the 3D compass with Reach and IK Mode
Using the Spine options
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1. Select both the Thoracic and Lumbar spine options and click on OK. You should still be in IK Mode.
2. Again move the left hand. The behaviors of the moving sections of the spine are evident.
3. Return the manikin to a standard standing pose.
Using the Pelvis options
1. Re-open the Properties dialog box and de-activate the Spine options.
Horizontal Translation
1. Activate Horizontal Translation, select both manikin's feet to fix them in place, then select the manikin's left hand.
2. Move the manikin's left hand upward and to the front; observe the IK behavior. When Horizontal Translation is active, the
manikin's hip will move forward as the compass is dragged.
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Vertical Translation
1. In the Properties dialog box, de-activate Horizontal Translation and activate Vertical Translation.
2. Select both manikin's feet to fix them in place then select the manikin's left hand.
3. Drag the compass downward and observe the IK behavior. When Vertical Translation is active, the manikin's hip will move
down (the manikin will squat) as the compass is dragged.
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Transversal Rotation
1. In the Properties dialog box, de-activate Vertical Translation and activate Transversal Rotation.
2. Select both manikin's feet to fix them in place, then select the manikin's left hand.
3. Drag the compass forward and observe the IK behavior. When Transversal Rotation is active, the pelvis will rotate forward
causing a stoop pose.
Human Builder
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Longitudinal Rotation
1. In the Properties dialog box, de-activate Transversal Rotation and activate Longitudinal Rotation.
2. Select both manikin's feet fix them in place, then select the manikin's left hand.
3. Drag the compass to the side and observe the IK behavior. When Longitudinal Rotation is active, the manikin's hip will twist.
Human Builder
4.
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Return the manikin to a standard standing pose.
Using the Balance options

This option enables you to manipulate the manikin with inverse kinematics while keeping the manikin in balance.
When these options are selected (only one may be chosen at a time), the balance is checked, in real-time, every time the posture of the
manikin changes.
Pelvis Motion
1. In the Properties dialog box, retain all the settings under the Spine and Pelvis headings.
2. Under the Balance heading, activate Pelvis Motion.
3. Select the manikin's left hand.
4. Drag the compass forward and down.
5. With the Pelvis Motion option activated, when the manikin loses balance, the pelvis tips in order to keep the balance (keep the
center of gravity inside the base of support).
Human Builder
6. Repeat this procedure using the IK Segment Frame mode
Worker Frame mode.
Accessing IK Behaviors Properties

1. Right-click on IK Behaviors, located under the Settings node.
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to get a feel for how this command differs from the IK
Human Builder
2. From the contextual menu that appears, select Properties.
3. The Properties dialog box for IK Behaviors appears displaying the available options.
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Human Builder
4. In the Properties dialog box, select the
button to access additional information.
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Human Builder
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Human Builder
Angular Limitations
These are the tasks that create's Angular limitations for a Manikin using Human Builder:
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Human Builder
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1. With the PPR Tree expanded double-click on this node in the manikin. This will launch the Human Posture Analysis workbench.
2. Right-click on the node, and select Properties. The Angular Limitations Tab appears.
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3. Select the Body element that you want to change and click on the Reset Button. Click on Apply and OK when completed.
Human Builder
Preferred Angles
These are the tasks that create Preferred angles for a Manikin using Human Builder:
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Human Builder
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1. With the PPR Tree expanded double-click on this node in the manikin. This will launch the Human Posture Analysis workbench.
2. Right-click on the Preferred Angles node and select Properties. This shows all of the Preferred angles for that manikin. IF
required, click on the Body element that you want to remove, and click on the Remove Button.
Human Builder
3. Click on Apply and OK.
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Human Builder
Loads
These are the tasks that show how to create Loads for a Manikin using Human Builder:
Load Parameters
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Human Builder
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Load Parameters
The Load manikin parameter corresponds to the forces applied on the body segments. This load parameter is considered
when making calculations such as Balance IK Behavior, Center of Gravity, and Biomechanics.
As of R13, load can be calculated only for the hands.
When a manikin is initially created, an empty Load node is automatically created in the specification tree.
Creating load parameters
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1. From the Manikin Tools toolbar, select the Inserts a new load icon and in the specification tree, select the
manikin.
2. The Load Properties dialog box appears.
3. In the Load Properties dialog box, you can specify:
the magnitude (force) for the the left and right hand
the elevation and deviation (for carrying, pushing/pulling, and lifting/lowering)
4. By default the Symmetric checkbox is active and the specified load is applied on both hands with the same
orientation. When this checkbox is deactivated, different elevations and deviations can be applied to the left and
right hand separately.
5. When the editing is complete, select the OK button.

6. In the specification tree, a description (total, right, and left force magnitudes) appears under the main Loads
node.
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7. The load representations (forces acting on the hands) are shown in the 3D view.
Editing load parameters

1. To edit the current load parameters, double-click the Load (with description) node in the specification tree. The
Load Properties dialog box reappears.
OR
In the specification tree, right-click on the Load (with description) node and choose Definition from the
contextual menu. The Load Properties dialog box reappears.
2. If the total magnitude is set to 0, the load is removed from the Loads node in the specification tree.
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3. Cut, Copy, and Paste options in the contextual menu are also available for the Load node.
4. If Deactivate is chosen, the load node is deactivated (as shown by the deactivate symbol) and the load
representations in the 3D view change color.
Display options
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The display options are located in the Tools > Options > Ergonomics Design & Analysis > Human Builder > Display tab.
The load representations can be displayed in several ways:
Load Arrow (default): the forces acting on the hands
Force Line: the reactive (opposite direction from the force)
None: nothing is displayed
Human Builder
Offsets
These are the tasks that create Offsets for a Manikin using Human Builder:
Creating Multiple Offsets
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Human Builder
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Creating Multiple offsets

If required, you have the possibility to create multiple offsets for the same segment and to decide which one will be the
active offset at the current time.
This is useful mainly in the manufacturing scenarios where the manikin is taking care of multiple tools within a same
simulation or workstation. Each tool can then have its own offset specified on the manikin's hand. The offset command in
the human builder workbench (also available within the Human Task Simulation workbench in the DELMIA portfolio) will
create a new point identified by a small cross
. This point is linked to the segment and will be used as an offset. If
the segment selected is the pelvis (phantom segment), you will be able to set an offset directly on the H-Point location.
Offsets will now have a 3D representation in the 3D viewer. The hide/show command, as well as the name and color
edition in the properties command of the contextual menu will be available. Also, this modifies a currently existing
functionality: redefinition of offset.
An old file loaded into the new version of the program will create an offset and automatically activate where the old
redefined offset was. Also, these offsets can be saved and loaded in the catalog.
1.
For creating an offset, the user will have to click on the icon, Inserts a new offset
manikin's segment. The Offset dialog box opens:
and select a
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The name field will allow you to modifying the name of the offset at the creation and edition.
The manikin field will allow changing the manikin on to whom the offset should apply, during creation, or
allow the migration of an existing offset to another manikin at edition time. When selecting another manikin
at creation, the compass will place itself at the currently active offset position, and when choosing a new
manikin at edition, the compass will move to where the new offset is (effectively mirroring the offset position
to the new manikin). Selecting OK, the old offset would disappear and a new offset would be created.
The segment selector changes the segment onto which the offset will be placed during creation, or migrate to
an already existing offset to the new segment at edition time (a segment on another manikin is also
possible). When selecting a new segment at creation, the compass will go to the currently active offset, and
when selecting a new segment at edition, the compass moves to the same relative position it had before on
the new segment (mirroring the offset according to the new segment's position).
2. The offsets will appear in the PPR tree, and in the 3D viewer in the form of a cross (X).
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3. It is also possible to hide/show the offsets, either by selecting the offsets one by one, or all of them by choosing
the father node Segments offsets.
4. When there is multiple offsets, to switch between them, right click on the offset, and Activate/Deactivate the
offset
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The Offset command is used to redefine the behavior of the Reach Mode. The Reach Mode's default behavior is to make the end
point of the selected segment or skin point reach the compass location. The Offset command allows you to transfer that "end point"
to another point in the 3D space, which will then be used to perform inverse kinematics. An example of this would be when the
manikin must perform some inverse kinematics while handling an object.
In redefining the offset, the compass may be also be snapped to manikin skin points. Thus, the subsequent reach operation is
resolved from the skin rather than the central point of the segment.
There is the possibility to create multiple offsets for the same segment and to decide which one will be the active offset at the current
time.
This is useful mainly in the manufacturing scenarios where the manikin is taking care of multiple tools within a same simulation or
workstation. Each tool can then have its own offset specified on the manikin's hand.
The Offset feature can be redefined for any segment or skin point of any manikin
The Offset feature is not available on the forearm model
The name field will allow modifying the name of the offset at creation and at edition.
A list of those offsets will be possible with one active offset at a time.
Redefining the offset to a point on a part

The goal of this task is to transfer the end effector of the manikin's right hand to the tip of the tool the manikin is holding. This is
done so that when the Reach Mode is applied to the right hand, the inverse kinematics will be transferred to the tip of the tool. The
tool will then do the reach on behalf of the hand segment.
1. From the main menu, select File > Open.
The File Selection dialog box appears.
2. Select the Offset.CATProduct file from the samples directory.
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3. Use the Open button to open the file.
4. Position the manikin with respect to the geometry that must be attached.
For this example, load the Attach catalog with the Load Manikin Attributes from a Catalog command
choose the Attach_sample posture.
This places the manikin posture so that it appears to be handling the tool with its right hand.
and
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5. Select the Attach/Detach icon
6. Click on the icon, Inserts a new Offset
and attach the weld gun to the manikin's right hand.
and select the manikins right hand.
7. The Offset Definition dialog box is displayed and the V5 compass automatically moves to the hand location.
8. Different elements of the Offset Definition dialog box are described
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The Name field is used to name the offset. The system will assign an automatic name (i.e. Offset1, Offset2,...), but you
can override this name at your convenience.
The Manikin field indicates the name of the manikin owning the offset. By selecting this field, you can switch manikins,
that is, transfer the offset to a different manikin. The Segment field (and the Right/Left combo beside it) indicates the
current segment that owns the offset being created/edited (in the snapshot above, the offset will be created on the right
hand segment). By selecting this field, you can change the segment assignment of the offset, or transfer the offset to
another segment.
The Activate checkbox allows you to toggle the activation and deactivation of the offset. In the snapshot above, the
offset is currently active.
The Value frame displays the current location of the offset, in terms or translation (first row) and rotation (second row).
This frame also incorporates a Reset button, which repositions the offset back to the origin of the segment, and a
Reverse Compass button which reverses the Z direction of the compass.
The Cancel button cancels the creation/edition operation.
9. Place the compass at the tip of the tool. This is the desired location for the inverse kinematics.
10. Select the OK button.
11. The offset is now transferred from the hand to the tip of the tool (green X).
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12. Following these procedures, create a offset on the side of the gun as shown.
13. In the PPR tree, the two offsets are shown.
14. Notice that Offset1 is deactivated, and Offset2 is activated.

15. To deactivate Offset2, right-click on Offset2 for the contextual menu, and select Deactivate.
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16. This also would Activate a Offset that is Deactivated.
Redefining the offset to a point on the skin

1. From the samples directory, open the OffsetSkin.CATProduct file.
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2. Select the desired segment: for this example, the forearm and the Offsets node.
3. Follow the procedures for Insert a new Offset.
4. Using the red handle, drag the compass to the desired point on the skin surface of the forearm.
5. In the dialog box, select the OK button.
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6. From the Manikin Posture toolbar, select the Reach (position only) icon.
7. Using the red handle, move the compass to the top surface of the table.
8. Select the manikin's forearm.

The forearm's offset point reaches the compass point on the table.
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When editing the offset of any segment, the compass is automatically placed at the current offset location. The default offset location
is the end point of the segment being edited.
To reset the offset back to its default value, open the Offset dialog box on the segment and click the Reset button. Click Close to
close the dialog box.
The Reverse Direction button reverses the current orientation of the compass. This feature is typically used when the geometry is
manipulated in design mode where the compass goes inside the geometry when snapped to an object.
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1. Once created, the offset can be published using the published command in Tools > Publication
2. This publishes a point that represents the relative position from the segment-end. Select the X from the 3D geometry window. This point is listed
underneath the Publication node as shown.
3. So, for example, it will be possible to create an assembly constraint between and object and a published offset.
4. In the Knowledge toolbar,

ware or the F(x) Formula command.
the offsets coordinates can also be modified by the knowledge-
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For more information on the F(X) Formula icon, see the online documentation > DELMIA Infrastructure > Using Knowledgeware
Capabilities.
5. The compass snaps to the currently active offset, or the default offset (0,0,0) if no user-made offset exists, or if they are all deactivated. You would
then move the compass around, and when the position and orientation suits your needs, click OK to create the new offset. The compass position is
dynamically updated into the labels called Value as it is moved. A new checkbox Activate automatically activates the new offset once it is created.
If it is not checked, the current offset will not be activated, even though the offset will be created. Any numbers of offsets can be created per
segment, but only one can be active at a given time. Creating a new active offset on a segment that already has an active offset will deactivate the
old one.
The same dialog box is used to edit the offset. The edit command would be available from the contextual menu of an offset, and
would open the dialog with the compass positioned at the offset. The reset button would move the compass back to the default
position (0,0,0) (except for the hand, where the default position is different, and the reset would place compass on that position).
When the dialog is open, all the created offsets for the given segments are still shown, but they cannot be modified during the
creation or modification of another offset.
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Offsets
These are the tasks that Attaches to a Manikin using Human Builder:
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The attach function creates a one-way relationship between a manikin segment and one or more objects in its environment. The
attached object becomes a slave to the segment. Once attached, this object will move with the same matrix as its master
segment.
This task is divided into three parts:
Attaching an object to a manikin segment
Checking existing attaches on a specific manikin
Detaching an object from a manikin segment
It is important to note that the attach is a one-way relationship; the object follows the segment, not the opposite. If the
object is moved (i.e., using the compass) after the attach is made, the segment will not follow the object's motion.
When doing any attach, the compass may be snapped to manikin skin points, not just the central point of a segment.
Refer to the status bar for information and instructional prompts.
Attaching an object to a manikin segment

1. From the main menu, select File->Open. Select the Attach.CATProduct file from the samples directory.
2. Open the file.

3. Position the manikin with respect to the geometry that must be attached. The Process opens with the Manikin holding
the weld gun.
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The user could also select the Load from Manikin Attributes from a Catalog command
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and choose
Attach_sample posture from the "Attach" catalog. This places the manikin posture so that it appears to be handling the
tool with its right hand.
4. Select the Attach/Detach icon.
5. Select the object to attach (in this case, the tool).

6. Select the manikin segment to which the geometry will be attached (in this case, the manikin's right hand).
7. If there is multiple attaches, the Attach/Detach dialog box appears.
8. Once the object is attached, it will follow the motion of its master segment. Move the hand (master segment) using
forward kinematics and inverse kinematics. The tool will follow the hand's motion. This is also the case when a posture
is applied to the manikin or if the manikin as a whole is moved within the 3D environment.
Checking existing attaches on a specific manikin
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1. Access the properties of the newly-created Attach. To do this, in the specification tree, expand the Attaches Node.
2. It will be possible to cut, copy, and paste the individual attach nodes, or all the nodes using the Attaches node.
3. Several options will be available through the contextual submenu:
Deactivating the attach objects will turn them off. They will still be in the tree, but will not be effective until
turned back on.
The attach can also be edited using the edit command in the contextual window.
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The edit command will open a panel through which changes can be made to the selected Attach.
Using this Edit panel, it will be possible to rename the Attach, to transfer it to another manikin segment, or side
or object.
The Keep Relative Position option permits you to change the way the attach will react when it is
modified. When the option is disabled, the object's position in space will remain the same even if the attach
relation is changed. In this mode, the Attach is only a means to move the object simultaneously with the
segment. On the other hand, if the option is enabled, the relative position between the object and the segment it
is linked to, is kept even if the side or the manikin changes. But, It won't be the case when the attach is transfer
to another segment, because the relative position with the first segment is not valid anymore since it makes
sense only for that segment. If the relation is modified by moving the object, the latest will retrieve is relative
position at the time the segment on which it is attached will move.
When transferring the attached object, it is possible to select an object already attached to another segment or
manikin. When this happens, this window will pop-up notifying the situation, and allowing you to delete or
deactivate the previous attach and create the new one, or cancel the action:
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The dialog box contains an Active button allowing the activation/deactivation of the Attach.
An object may be attached to one segment at a time.
Several objects may be attached to a single segment.
Detaching an object from a manikin segment

Detach an object from manikin segment through the Properties dialog box OR with the Attach/Detach command.
Detaching through the Attach Properties Panel

1. In the specification tree, right-click on the Manikin select Properties, the Attaches tab.
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2. Select the object to detach and select the Detach button. The object is removed from the list.
3. Click the Apply button. The selected object is detached from the manikin segment.
The Apply button must be pressed for the selected object to be detached.
Detaching with the Attach/Detach command

1. Select the Attach icon.
2. Select the object to detach.

3. A message window appears offering three options: Attach to Other, Detach Object, and Cancel.
4. Select the Detach Object button. A message window appears confirming the detach.
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Constraints
These are the tasks that create Constraints for a Manikin using Human Builder:
Resetting the Target function for Fix and Fix On Constraints
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The commands in the Manikin Constraints toolbar give you the capability to constrain the manikin in its environment. With
constraints, the manikin can perform inverse kinematics (IK) to calculate the necessary posture needed to reach multiple
specific targets.
The following constraint topics are discussed in this task:
General options
Display options
Creating constraints
Updating constraints
Resetting Targets for Fix and Fix On constraints
A constraint will always belong to one manikin. At any given time, the list of constraints on a manikin will appear
underneath that manikin in the specification tree. Inactive constraints will also be listed.
At any time, you may update the active constraints at each modification in the workspace (automatic update), or only
update the active constraints when needed (manual update).
By default, constraint update mode is set in the Manual mode and you must select the Update icon
in the Update
toolbar each time you want to update the active constraints and resolve the inverse kinematics.
In Automatic mode, the inverse kinematics will react as soon as the configuration of the environment changes; when the
objects move, the inverse kinematics updates in real time.
General options
As shown in the image below, you can change the update mode at any time by selecting Tools->Options->Ergonomics
Design & Analysis->Human Builder. The Manual and Automatic update options are available in the General tab under
the Constraint Resolution heading.
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Display options
By default, when constraints are displayed, the following colors indicate the current state of the constraint. Change the
defaults in the Display tab of Tools->Options->Ergonomics Design & Analysis->Human Builder.
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Updated and Resolved
Green by default, indicates that the constraint is resolved
Updated and Not Resolved
Red by default, indicates that the constraint could not be resolved
Not Updated
Black by default, indicates that the constraint has not been updated.
Inactive
Yellow by default, indicates that the constraint is no longer active
Temporary
Blue by default, indicates that the constraint is not permanent
Creating constraints
From the samples directory, open:
Manikin_and_Box.CATProduct if you are running Human Builder or
Constraints.CATProcess if you are running Human Task Simulation.
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1. For this procedure the constraint update mode is set at the default Manual mode.
2. Select one of the constraint commands from the Manikin Constraint toolbar and then select a manikin segment
for a Fix constraint) and the object (for other constraints).
3. For more information on each constraint type, please see:
Contact Constraint
Coincidence Constraint
Fix Constraint
Fix On Constraint
Updating constraints
1. Select the Update icon
to resolve the active IK constraints. The constraints and normal vectors are now
green indicating that they are resolved.
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2. Move the box again so that the constraints go to an unresolved state.

3. In the 3D viewer, the colors for the normal vector and the unresolved constraints have changed accordingly.
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4. Change the defaults in the Display tab of Tools->Options->Ergonomics Design & Analysis->Human
Builder.
5. Update the constraints again. The resolved constraints are the new color.
6. Verify that the new unresolved constraint color is applied. Move the manikin so that the constraints become
unresolved and the color changes.
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Constraints and simulations

Permanent constraints are automatically disabled when a simulation is run to avoid conflicts with constraints created in
MoveToPosture activities. When the Process Simulation command is selected, the constraint icon in the PPR tree
changes, as shown below to indicate that the constraint is no longer active.
When you wish to enable the constraint after the simulation is finished, in the PPR tree, right-click on the constraint. Reactivate that constraint through the contextual menu that appears.
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The constraint icon in the PPR tree changes to reflect that it is again activated.
For more information about the specific types of constraints, please read:
Contact Constraint
Fix Constraint
Fix On Constraint
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Resetting the Target function for Fix and Fix On

constraints
This resets the target of a Fix or a Fix on Constraint, and will considerably reduce the time for resetting a constraint.
The command Reset Target is in the constraint's contextual menu. For example, if we change the position of the object or
the segment, the new constraint target can be re-established using the Reset Target command.
1. Right-click on the contextual line and the contextual menu appears.
2. The reset target command will be also available in the Constraint Definition dialog box of a Fix and Fix on
constraint.
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3. This is available in a case where many constraints are selected at a time.
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Performing Operations on the Manikin tree

These are the tasks that a user performs using the Manikin tree in Human Builder:
Global Posture Swap
Local Posture Reset
Local Posture Swap
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Global Posture Swap

Posture swaps may be done on any segment node and also on the manikin node in the specification tree.
To swap the entire posture, select the Body node in the specification tree. Right-click the mouse to activate the
contextual menu and choose Posture->Swap.
The software swaps the posture by copying the posture of individual segments to the opposite side and vice versa. For
instance, if the manikin is crossing its left leg before the swap, it will be crossing its right knee after the swap.
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Local Posture Reset

It is also possible to reset the posture of an individual segment. Select the segment to reset, activate the contextual
menu with the right mouse button, and choose Posture > Reset.
Only the posture of the selected segment or segments will be reset.
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To apply the mirror copy functionality to a limited set of segments, click on the desired segments to select them, then
right click the mouse to activate the contextual menu. Choose Posture->Mirror Copy.
The mirror copy functionality copies the selected posture onto the equivalent segment on the opposite side of the
manikin. For instance, it copies the posture from the left arm to the right arm. This helps in creating symmetrical
postures.
Please note that the mirror copy functionality can only be applied to segments that have an equivalent segment on the
other side of the manikin. Therefore, no mirror copy is possible on the neck segment since there is no right or left neck.
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Local Posture Swap

To swap a local posture, select the desired segments, right-click the mouse to activate the contextual menu, and
choose Posture->Swap.
The manikin swaps the posture of the selected segments with the equivalent segments on the other side. For instance,
the left arm takes the posture of the right arm, and vice versa.
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You can reset the position of the lines of sight from the Line of sight node in the specification tree. To do this, rightclick the Line of sight node and select Posture->Reset.
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This task describes the Copy/Paste function used with manikins and their attributes.
The whole manikin as well as constraints, posture, and position in the world can all be copied and pasted from one manikin
to another.
Copy/Paste a Whole Manikin

1. In the specification tree, right-click on the manikin node and select Copy from the contextual menu.
2. In the specification tree, right-click on the manikin's father product and select Paste from the contextual menu.
3. A new manikin is created and placed under the selected product.
4. If you do not see the newly created manikin, select the new manikin in the specification tree, snap the compass to
it, and drag it away from the first manikin.
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Copy/Pasting Manikin Attributes

With the reorganization of manikin attributes in the specification tree, it is now possible to copy part or all of the attributes
stored under one manikin and paste them to another manikin.
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1. In the specification tree, right-click on Bill's anthropometry node and select Properties from the contextual menu.
The anthropometry properties are displayed.
2. Close the Properties dialog box.

3. Right-click again on the Bill's anthropometry node and select Copy from the contextual menu.
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4. In the specification tree, right-click on Hillary's node and select Paste from the contextual menu.
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5. Hillary's anthropometry changes to that of Bill's.
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This task describes how to make the entire manikin stand and how to reset the manikin's orientation in space.
Initial Posture
Select the Manikin node in the specification tree, right-click the mouse to activate the contextual menu, and choose
Posture > Initial.
This function causes the manikin to reset itself to a standing position with the arms flexed at 90 degrees.
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Global Posture Reset

To reset the entire posture, select the Manikin->Settings->Posture node in the specification tree. Right-click the mouse to
activated the contextual menu and choose Posture object->Reset.
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This function allows the body joint of the manikin to go back to the default state. The body replaces itself to a standing
position with the arms along the body.
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This task describes how to move the manikin around the 3D view.
1. In the specification tree, activate the manikin's father product by double-clicking on it.
2. Select the compass and drag in on the manikin you wish to move.
3. Note that the snap is successful only if the compass turns green.
4. Select a plane on the compass and drag it or rotate it. The whole manikin will follow the move.
5.
It is also possible to snap the compass on manikin surfaces. First, select the segment on which you want
to snap the compass. Then grab the compass and place it on the segment highlighted; the compass will snap to
the segment's surfaces (see images below).
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This procedure describes how to use the Place Mode command. This command uses a manikin's referential to snap it to
user-defined compass locations.
From the samples directory, open the Manikin_on_Floor.CATProduct file. The manikin's referential was set at creation to
Left.
1.
Select the Place Mode icon
in the Manikin Posture toolbar.
2. Place the compass at the desired location on the floor.

3. Select the manikin in either the specification tree or 3D viewer. The manikin is instantly snapped to the new
location and placed in accordance to its referential (left foot).
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4. The manikin respects the position of the compass. Drag the compass; the manikin will follow. Rotate the
compass; the manikin rotates.
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5. Re-define the manikin's referential and repeat the steps above.
Any further move of the compass will have an effect on the last selected manikin.
To de-activate Place Mode, click on the Place Mode icon a second time.
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This task describes how to control the manikin's movements using forward kinematics with the available manipulators as
well as the Undo/Redo command.
1. In the toolbar, select the Forward Kinematics icon
Note that this icon must be unselected by clicking on it again in order to access another function.
2. Select the manikin's part that you wish to move by clicking it with the left mouse button. Two arrows appear:
one indicates the direction of the motion and the other indicates the rotation axis for the active degree of
freedom.
3. With the left mouse button, drag the selected segment so that the mouse cursor follows the arrow. The chosen
segment will move.
4. By default, the movement exerted will be done according to DOF1 (Degree of Freedom 1), which is either flexion
or extension depending on the direction of rotation.
5. If you wish to change the active degree of freedom, click the right mouse button in order to activate the
contextual menu. Choose, the desired DOF.
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It is often easier to move a segment when the direction of the viewpoint is parallel to the rotation axis.
6. The best viewpoint to move the flexion/extension DOF is from a side view.
7. The best viewpoint to move the adduction/abduction DOF is from a front view.
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The Quick View toolbar can be very helpful when using the forward kinematics command; manikins can
be seen from many viewpoints.
8. To reset the selected segment, click the right mouse button to activate the contextual menu. Then, choose
Reset.
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9. To reset the whole posture, select the Body node in the specification tree.
10. With a right mouse click, activate the contextual menu on that same segment and choose Reset.
11. The manikin will take the default (standing) posture.
Using Undo/Redo
The Undo command reverses (cancels) the last segment manipulation. Click the Undo icon
in the main menu
toolbar to execute the Undo command.

An Undo operation can also be undone. For example, you can restore the last posture applied to a segment with
command.
successive calls to the Redo
The images below illustrate the undo operation on a posture applied using the forward kinematics command.
Initial posture
Forward kinematics applied
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First Undo applied
Second Undo applied
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The Redo command repeats the last cancelled action. Click the Redo icon
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in the main menu toolbar to execute the
Redo command.
A Redo operation can also be undone. For example, you can restore the last posture applied to a segment with
command.
successive calls to the Undo
Position after Undo applied
Position after first Redo applied
Position after second Redo applied
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This task describes the functions of the Posture Editor and how to use them to move manikin segments.
The Posture Editor is a tool used to move manikin segments in forward kinematics. The segments or degrees of freedom
(DOF) are moved one step at a time. This tool allows you to give a precise value to each degree of freedom of every
joint.
The manikin's structure consists of 68 articulated joints with 6 coupled joints (range of motion can depend on the position
of a neighbor joint).
Select the Posture Editor icon.
selected.
The Posture Editor dialog box is displayed on the screen when the manikin is
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The Posture Editor dialog box includes the following sections:
Segments
Hand filter
Side
Degree of Freedom
Value
Display
Predefined Postures
The Degrees of Freedom can be modified either through the Value section or through their graphical representations.
Segments
Displayed below the manikin name is a list of human body segments corresponding to the selection made in the Part
menu. Click on the name of the segment in the list to select it.
Note: Individual vertebrae are no longer listed in the Segments field or in the PPR tree. For ease of selection they are now
grouped into two sections: Lumbar or Thoracic. Full Spine may also be selected as a unit made up of both Lumbar and
Thoracic sections.
Lumbar
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Thoracic
Hand filter:
When the Hand Only option is selected, only the hand is available in the Segments multi-list.
When the Hand and Fingers option is selected, all of the fingers are also available in the Segments multi-list.
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Side:
When you edit certain segments such as the arm, you can choose which side you want to work with: Left or Right.
Left is the default option when the dialog box opens.
Degree of Freedom
From the Degree of Freedom list, you can choose from three types of DOFs:
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
medial rotation/lateral rotation
When the Posture Editor dialog box opens, the Degree of Freedom field in the dialog box is grayed out and has "DOF0" as
its field value. This changes to the default value "flexion/extension" only when one of the segments is selected.
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A segment can have up to three DOFs. Examples of possible segment DOFs are:
The forearm has two DOFs:
flexion/extension
pronation/supination
The arm has three DOFs
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
medial rotation/lateral rotation
Each of the DOF types, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and medial rotation/lateral rotation, also have specific
movement types. These are:
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DOF
Movement Type
flexion
dorsiflexion
extension
hyperextension
abduction
eversion, ulnar deviation, elevation
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Axis
transversal
sagittal
adduction
inversion, radial deviation, depression
medial
rotation
supination
pronation
longitudinal
lateral rotation
Value
Use the Value functionality to assign a precise posture to a segment. The value of the DOF is presented in angle and in
percentage of the total range of motion (%).
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Value percentage slider

The percentage (%) slider corresponds to the value in percentage of the total range of motion for the selected DOF. This
value can be edited directly by sliding the cursor with the left mouse button.
Value spinner
This field allows you to enter a specific value in degrees using the keyboard. You can increment or decrement to segment
rotation one unit at a time using the small arrows at the right end of this field. You can also change the step by using the
spinner's contextual menu.
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Motion
The motion field corresponds to the direction of movement, 0 degrees being the neutral point.
Coupling:
The range of motion (flexibility, functional limitation) for six pairs of segments on the manikin can be coupled, i.e.,
conditional to the position of another joint. These segments are: the claviculars, the arms, the forearms, the thighs, the
legs, and the ankles.
Coupling modifies the range of motion of these segments only. It has no effect on any relationship that may exist
between other body segments.
By default, coupling is inactive.
Display
The Display function has two options: Angular Limitations and Animate Viewpoint.
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Angular Limitations (chart)

This check button displays or hides the graphical representation of the angular limitations for each degree of freedom.
Two arrows limit this range of motion, which is set by default at the 50th percentile of the population.
The green arrow shows the upper limit
The yellow arrow shows the lower limit
The blue arrow represents the segment's current position
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Animate Viewpoint
This option zooms on the selected segment and changes the viewpoint in order to provide the best possible view for that
degree of freedom. This improves the range of motion chart display and as well as the capability to better manipulate the
blue arrow.
Predefined Postures
Use the Predefined Postures functionality to assign a predefined posture to the worker. From the Predefined Postures list,
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choose from the six available postures.
Use the Predefined Postures functionality to assign a predefined posture to the manikin. From the Predefined Postures list,
choose from the available postures.
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Initial
Stand
Sit
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Span
Kneel
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This command provides you with a powerful positioning tool. It takes advantage of the manikin's inverse kinematics
capability to reach the exact position only
or the exact position plus the three orientations
in the 3D
space.
You can select the segment of the manikin to perform the reach (also known as the end effector), then activate the
Reach Mode by selecting either of the two Reach icons. The point to reach will be specified by the position of the V5
compass. You then must snap the compass to any existing geometry. As soon as the compass is released, the selected
segment automatically reaches the compass's position.
More about activating Reach functionality

The difference between the two is that the resolution is not made the same way; otherwise, the functionality is the same.
Reach (position only). The final orientation of the segment respects only the x,y,z direction of the compass.
Reach (position & orientation). The final orientation of the segment respects all three directions of the
compass.
1. From the main menu, select File->Open. Select the Reach.CATProduct file from the samples directory.
2. Open the file.
Human Builder
3. Right-click on the compass and select the Snap Automatically to Selected Object command.
4. In the 3D view, select the target geometry.
5. The compass snaps to the selected geometry.
6. Select a Reach Mode icon.
7. Place the compass at the Reach location.
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8. Select the segment that must reach the location specified by the compass, in this example, the hand. The
selected segment automatically reaches that point, as illustrated below.
9. With Reach Mode still active, manipulate the compass to fine-tune the posture.
10. Drag the compass away from its original location, the selected segment will follow the motion of the compass. If
the compass is picked and placed at another location, the segment will try to reach the new target.
11. Select another segment. This segment becomes the active segment for the Reach and will follow the compass
wherever it goes as long as the command remains active.
12. If the Reach Mode is active, click Undo
to make the manikin resume the posture it had before Reach was
applied.
13. To deactivate Reach Mode, select the Reach Mode icon a second time.
Segment Twins
This functionality is available only for the Reach (position & orientation) command.
When the compass is snapped on a hand or foot in Reach Mode, an image of the entire hand or foot in its current
posture will follow the compass. The image will stay there until the Reach mode is exited.
Human Builder
Setting the Twin options

From the main menu, select Tools->Options->Ergonomic Design & Analysis->Human Builder.
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The number displayed at the compass location indicates the distance between the target and the segment. It therefore
measures the Reach precision: a distance of 0 indicates a perfect Reach.
The Reach distance is also displayed on the status bar and is updated continuously:
This proposes a more natural behavior for the manikin's vision when it is performing a reach or IK on an object. The
vision of the manikin is directed to the object the manikin is trying to pick up, which would be more like human behavior.
See the Customization Section.
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This task describes how to move the manikin's segments using the inverse kinematic commands in the Manikin Posture
toolbar:
Inverse Kinematics (IK) Worker Frame Mode
Inverse Kinematics (IK) Segment Frame Mode
Using the 3D mouse for IK mode
Inverse kinematics is a very intuitive tool for quickly positioning the manikin in its environment. This command is based
on Fix IK constraints creation and activation on the dedicated segments. The principle is simple. The selection of a
segment activates a constraint. This constraint can be used for fixing a segment or for moving it. No constraint will be
created automatically without previously selecting the appropriate segment. Before, when the pelvic segment's control
point was activated, constraints were created automatically for fixing the feet. The reason for this change is to gain the
ability to relocate the manikin without keeping the feet at the same place.
This task also describes how to use a 3D mouse to manipulate manikins while in IK mode. The 3D mouse does not replace
the regular mouse and keyboard but is used as an additional tool. For more information on how to use a 3D mouse with
V5 products, please see "Moving Objects Using the 3D Mouse" in the Infrastructure User Guide.
This mode behaves in the same manner except the compass is oriented in the worker (global) frame.

In this mode, any segment selection made in the 3D environment will automatically snap the compass to the associated
segment IK control point. The compass is oriented in the segment frame.
Human Builder

1. Click on the IK Worker Frame Mode icon.
2. Click on a manikin segment. The compass will snap to the selected segment's control point.
3. These seven control points are:
Line of Sight (if displayed)
Pelvis (root)
Neck
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Right Hand
Right Foot
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Left Hand
Left Foot
4. On the compass, select the axis corresponding to the direction of the desired movement and start dragging. The
controlled point will follow the compass movements.
5. The compass can be locked to stay in the plane you are working on. Use the compass contextual menu (click the
compass with the right mouse button) and select Lock Privileged Plane Orientation Parallel to Screen.
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This command
orients the compass in the segment frame. Compare how the compass orientation differs from that
in the IK Worker Frame Mode, for example:

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When finished, drag the compass back to the empty space or select View->Reset Compass from the main menu.
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Using the 3D mouse for IK mode

The 3D mouse, supported by V5, is a new method for moving the manikin in IK mode.

The manikin coordinate system is used as the reference when using the 3D mouse to manipulate the compass in this
mode. The spatial representation appears as if the user is standing behind the manikin, placing his hand on the top of the
manikin's hand, foot, etc. When you push the 3D mouse button forward, the selected segment (foot, hand, head, etc.)
will move forward. Moving the mouse upward produces an elevation, etc.
All rotations are blocked in IK Worker Frame mode.

In this mode, the 3D mouse is used to produce rotations of any segment. The spatial representation appears as if the user
is standing behind the manikin, placing his hand in the same orientation as the manikin's hand, foot, head, etc.
This proposes a more natural behavior for the manikin's vision when it is performing a reach or IK on an object. The
vision of the manikin is directed to the object the manikin is trying to pick up, which would be more like human behavior.
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This task describes how to easily apply standard poses to a manikin without using the compass.
This feature is particularly intended for positioning the spine as a whole in order to apply squatting, stooping, twisting, leaning,
and adjusted elbow postures.
Use the Restore Posture button

in each tab of the Standard Pose dialog box to return the manikin to the posture
it had before entering the tab.
Edit manikin posture by typing in the desired value or by using the spinner arrows. Press the Enter key. In both cases, the
posture is updated automatically. You can also change the step value of the spinners by right-clicking the spinner arrows;
the contextual menu appears as follows:
Use the Constraints check boxes to "freeze" the positions of the hands and the direction of vision while the rest of the
manikin is moving. This option cannot be used in the Hand Grasp and the Adjust Elbow tabs.
The Display function contains the Animate Viewpoint option. This option zooms on the manikin and changes the viewpoint
in order to provide the best possible view of the working posture.
Select the Standard Pose icon

Pose dialog box appears.
and then select the manikin in the scene or from the specification tree. The Standard
Human Builder
The standard poses are:
Sit
Squat
Stoop
Twist
Lean
HandGrasp
Adjust Elbow
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Sit
This tab includes two editors to quickly set the height and depth of the sitting posture.
Squat
This tab includes an editor to quickly set the height of the squatting posture.
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Stoop
This tab includes an editor, a pelvis option, and a trunk option.
Trunk (default): The manikin's spine can be manipulated as a whole or as sections. You can choose which section of the spine
(whole spine, lumbar section, or thoracic section) to flex/extend (sagittal plane) in forward kinematics (DOF 1).
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Pelvis: The manikin's trunk can be bent with pelvic rotation; the pelvis will rotate around the hips. Both pelvis and trunk
rotation can be performed independently of each other but cannot be used together.
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Whole Spine
Thoracic Section
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Lumbar Section
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Twist
This tab includes an editor to quickly move the whole spine in forward kinematics (DOF 3, i.e., left/right rotation).
Lean
This tab includes an editor to quickly flex the whole spine laterally in forward kinematics (DOF 2, i.e., lateral flexion).
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Hand Grasp
Three types of hand grasps are included in this option: cylindrical grasp, spherical grasp, and pinch grasp. The grasps can be
done with the left or right hands independently, or with both hands together. Use the editor to loosen or tighten the grasp.
This option can be used with the forearm model.
Constraints are not available in this tab.
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Cylindrical Grasp
Spherical Grasp
Pinch Grasp
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Adjust Elbow
This tab includes an editor to quickly adjust the elevation, up or down, of the right or left elbow. This is used to adjust the
elbow while keeping the selected hand and shoulder at a fixed position.
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The posture Undo/Redo feature allows you to reverse (cancel) the last posture applied to the manikin.
Undo
Click the Undo icon
in the main menu toolbar to execute the Undo command.
An Undo operation can also be undone. For example, you can restore the last posture with successive calls to the Redo
command.
The images below show the state of the manikin after applying the Undo command to a particular posture.
Initial position
Posture applied
Undo applied
In the example above, the posture can be applied either by using the forward kinematics command or by pasting an
existing posture from a catalog.
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Redo
This command repeats the last cancelled action. Click the Redo icon
in the main menu toolbar to execute the Redo
command.
A redo operation can also be undone. For example, you can cancel the last Redo command by invoking the Undo
command.
Posture after Undo applied
Posture after Redo applied
Posture after Undo applied
In the Human Builder product, the posture Undo/Redo function applies to the following operations:
Forward kinematics
Posture reset (local or global)
Posture mirror/copy
Posture swap
Applying a posture from a catalog
IK mode
Reach mode
Place mode
Standard pose
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This provides a natural behavior for the manikin's vision when it is performing a reach or IK on an object. The vision of the manikin is directed to the object the manikin is
trying to pick up, which would be more like a human.
In most positioning scenarios, you have to manually do a reach with the line of sight for orienting the head in the direction of the working hands. This will eliminate a step
since the reach of the line of sight will be done interactively. You will also be able to choose which type of eyes tracking the manikin will perform: eyes-only or eyes and
head.
1. To enable the Look At functionality this has to be set in the in the Tools > Options > Human Builder > General tab. This will modify the Reach and IK
modes. The manikin will look at the compass, when moving their hands.
2. This option will be disabled by default. It will work only if the segment chosen in the reach is a sub-segment of the hands.
3. This will also be effective during IK mode. In this mode, the manikin will look at the compass moving around. This is true only for the end-effectors of the left or
right hand.
4. If the Look At option is selected, as soon as the manikin tries to reach an object, the line of sight will be moved so the manikin can see what it is about to reach.
This motion will be similar to the existing reach performed on the line of sight.
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5. The manikin will look at the point targeted by the 3D compass.
6. The IK Behaviors
dialog box, selecting Line of Sight only, will make IK Chains limited to the Line of Sight, blocking all movements of the head.
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Adds a description to a manikin object

This task describes how to create a memo that will be assigned to the manikin.
The Human Measurements Editor enables you to add descriptions of the manikin's anthropometry or of an anthropometric
variable. This is a convenient way for you to keep a history on the variables and to determine where, when, and why they
have been modified.
1. In the toolbar, select the Adds a description to a manikin object icon.
2. Select the manikin you want to assign a description to. The description window will appear. Write the description
in the window and click OK. To retrieve the note, click the button again.
3. If the description window remains displayed, select a different manikin. The contents of the window will be
updated to display the description (if any) assigned to that manikin.
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This procedure describes how to retrieve a manikin's center of gravity coordinates.
1. Snap the compass on the manikin's center of gravity (COG).
2. Once the compass is snapped, double-click on the compass to activate the Parameters for Compass
Manipulation dialog box. The dialog box displays the coordinates (x, y, z) of the center of gravity and allows
manikin positioning according to the COG.
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Human Builder

This procedure describes the use and management of manikin catalogs including the following tasks:
Create a new catalog
Storing manikin attributes in a catalog file
Converting .swl library files into catalog files
Reusing manikin attributes from a catalog file
In addition to manikin postures, manikin attributes can now be saved within catalogs. These attributes include:
posture and position
anthropometry
vision
display
referential
angular limitations
preferred angles
offsets
reports
These manikin attributes are selected directly from the PPR tree.
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Data can be saved/opened from the Catalog

This will include angular limitations properties, Appearance properties, offsets and reports. This data will be modeled and saved within the existing CATSwl files, to which
the catalog elements will point, as it is the case for other manikin data that can be reused.
This also will enhance the performance when reusing data for multiple manikins, as well as when applying modification on manikin in different scenarios.
This gives the user the possibility to:
Save one or many offsets in a catalog by selecting the offset node directly in the PPR tree or by selecting the parent node.
Save one or many reports (the settings and not the data) in a catalog by selecting the report node directly in the PPR tree or by selecting the parent node.
Save the angular limitations properties of the manikin's segments including the locked joints and free joints in a catalog.
Save the appearance properties of the manikin.
Load offsets properties from a R14 or R15 catalog.
Load offsets from a R16 catalog.
Load reports from a R16 catalog.
Load lock properties from a R14 catalog.
Load angular limitations properties without Locks from a R14 or R15 catalog and with Locks from R16 catalog.
Load appearance properties from a R16 catalog.
Open the human catalog for saving/loading purposes by selecting the corresponding icon in the toolbar, Manikin Tools.
1. The following panel will appear for the Save command (and a similar one for the Load).
2. The changes in the Manikin's tree that will impact the catalog are:
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Save mechanism
Select in the tree the attributes of the manikin to be saved, and click on Save in the panel.
Reports: It will be possible to save it in catalog by selecting the Report of your choice or by selecting the node Reports, which will save all the reports of this
manikin.
Appearance: It will be possible to save all the color of the manikins segments, hair, eyes and lips in a catalog by selecting the node Appearance.
Angular limitations/ Locks: You will be able to save the Angular Limitations of the manikin, which also include the locks. The Angular Limitations including the
locks of specific segments can still be saved.
Offsets: Select the offsets node (save all the offsets of the manikin) or the offset itself to save in catalog.
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Load mechanism
Select in the tree the manikin's node (for integral loading), or the desired setting's nodes (for selective loading), and select the item of their choice in the
catalog.
Reports: It will be possible to apply one or many of the reports saved in catalog by either selecting the Manikin node, the Profiles node, the Reports node or
the individual reports.
Appearance: It will be possible to apply the appearance properties saved in catalog by either selecting the manikin node, the Profiles node or the Appearance
node.
Angular limitations/Locks: It is always possible to apply locks saved in old catalogs. Select the Angular Limitations node instead of the old Locks node and the
locks saved in the old catalog will be automatically applied. It is important to mention that if the catalog description contains also angular limitations, they will
be applied at the same time. If specific body segments are selected, only the Angular Limitations (including the Locks) of these segments will be saved.
Offsets: Select the Offsets node or a specific offset for applying this data from the catalog. Note that if many offsets are saved in a same description, they
cannot be applied on an individual offset in the tree but only on an Offsets node.
The Products and Resources Catalog Browser command
, originally found in the Insert menu, has been removed.
A manikin must be regarded as a unique entity. Importing the same manikin more than once in an environment (through the use of a catalog) creates referencing
problems, for instance, the two (or several) manikin instances cannot have different postures or different anthropometries, although they may have different positions
when saved.
We do not advise the use of catalogs to save and reuse the manikin as a whole. However, we do advise catalogs of manikin properties (posture catalogs, for
example), as those kinds of catalogs do not generate instance/reference problems. The lack of catalog browser availability for manikins must be considered as a limitation
on the current release. We will be enhancing the catalogs of manikin properties in future releases, so that all manikin properties (posture, anthropometry, angular
limitations, etc) can be copied and pasted to and from catalogs.
It is no longer possible to open .swl library files. Existing libraries are automatically converted into catalog files.
Create a new catalog

1. From the Manikin Tools toolbar, select the Save manikin's attributes in catalog command.
2. The Save in Human Catalog dialog box appears.
Human Builder
3. In the dialog box, select the Browse another catalog button.
4. The File Selection dialog box appears.
5. In the File name text field, type in the name for your new catalog, and click on the Open button.
6. The Confirmation dialog box appears.
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7. Select the Yes button. The catalog is created.
Storing manikin attributes in a catalog file

1. To save manikin attributes directly into a catalog, select the Save manikin's attributes in catalog icon.
The catalog browser is displayed.
2. Open the catalog in which the attributes will be stored. Note that all saved attributes are displayed as icons for each catalog entry and correspond to the manikin
attributes displayed for each manikin in the specification tree.
3. Attributes that can be saved are:
Profiles
Display
Coloring
Settings
Referential
IK Behaviors
Locks
Loads
Offsets
Attaches
Constraints
4. From the PPR tree, select the attributes to be saved.

5. Enter a title for the manikin attributes that are about to be saved. Click on OK. The catalog browser is updated, displaying the new posture/set of attributes that
have been saved.
Converting .swl library files into catalog files
Human Builder
1. Select the Load manikin's attributes from a catalog command icon.
2. When the catalog browser appears, select the Browse another catalog icon
, located at the top right of the catalog browser window.
3. From the File Selection dialog box that appears, select *.swl as the file type and click on the Open button.
4. The Confirmation dialog box appears. Select Yes to convert the selected library file into a catalog.
5. The File Selection dialog box reappears. Name the new catalog and click on the Open button.
6. Another Confirmation dialog box appears.
7. Select the Yes button. The library file is converted to a catalog file and opens in the 3D view.
This command not only converts the postures that are present in the library, it also converts other types of data, i.e., anthropometry.
Reusing manikin attributes from a catalog file
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1. To open an existing manikin catalog, select the Load manikin's attributes from a catalog command icon.
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The Load from Human Catalog browser is
displayed. If you have created descriptions, they are displayed.
2. The catalog browser always opens with the most recently used document. To open another catalog in the browser, load the catalog using the Browse another
catalog button
3. Select a manikin attribute (double click) in the left frame of the browser to activate the preview of that posture in the right frame, or click on the attribute in the
right frame.
4. To paste a manikin attribute from the catalog browser, select (no need to double-click) the attribute to apply (making it highlight in the right frame) then select
the manikin in the 3D view on which that posture must be applied, and select the Apply button.
5. To paste another posture to the same manikin or to another manikin, select the new posture, as before, from the catalog browser, then select the manikin in the
3D view.
6. Click on Close to exit the catalog browser.
Human Builder
The Manikin Simulation Commands

These are the tasks that a user performs using the Manikin Simulation commands:
Using the Generate Replay Simulation Command
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This procedure describes how to create, move, and reset a shuttle.
A shuttle is a set of products defined explicitly by selecting products individually. Shuttles are persistent and can be stored in your
document. Shuttles are identified by name in the specification tree and by a symbol
in the geometry area.
When a manikin is selected be a shuttle or a component of a shuttle, the whole manikin is selected. Individual segments may not be
selected.
Create a shuttle
1. From the Samples directory, open the Shuttle_sample.CATProduct file.
2. Select the Shuttle icon
in the Manikin Simulation toolbar and then (while holding down the Shift key) select the Pipe
and the Manikin in the specification tree.

OR
While holding down the Shift key, select the Pipe and the Manikin in the specification tree and then select the Shuttle icon
in the Manikin Simulation toolbar.
3. At this time, the following items appear:
Preview window (the shuttle symbol corresponds to the to-be-created shuttle axis)
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Manipulation toolbar
Edit Shuttle dialog box
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In this dialog box, you can specify a maximum rotation angle around the absolute axis for the shuttle. This is very useful in
avoiding liquids from spilling out from specific assemblies such as a gas tank. The shuttle motion is defined and validated with
respect to the angle value defined.
4. In the dialog box, check the Angle option (optional). The Angle and Vector fields are no longer grayed-out and you may enter
the desired values.
5. Enter a name for your shuttle (optional).
6. Click OK to finish creating the shuttle.
7. The shuttle, consisting of the pipe and the manikin, is identified in the specification tree and in the geometry area.
Move the shuttle
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1. Double-click Shuttle.1 in the specification tree.

The Edit Shuttle dialog box, the Preview window and the Manipulation toolbar appear.
Note that, by default, the graphic manipulator is attached to the shuttle and that the Attach icon in the Manipulation toolbar is
activated.
2. The 3D compass snaps to the shuttle axis.
3. The Move shuttle option is activated by default which means that both the shuttle axis and the geometry move together.
4. Use the 3D compass to move the shuttle to the desired location.
Reset the shuttle

Select the Reset icon
in the Manipulation toolbar. The shuttle will move back to its original position.
Human Builder

This procedure explains how to record a simulation.
Open the Simulation_sample.CATProduct file in the samples directory.
1. Select the Simulation icon
2. The Select panel appears listing all items in the specification tree that can be used in a simulation.
Select the manikin, Bill.
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3. The Edit Simulation dialog box appears. Accept the default name or rename your simulation as desired.
4. For this simulation, you will use postures that have been saved in the Human Library.
5. Select the Load manikin's attributes from a catalog icon
6. Select the ManikinCatalog.catalog file as shown below.
from the Manikin Tools toolbar.
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7. The Load dialog box appears. In the left-hand frame, double-click on ManikinFamily.
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8. In the specification tree, select Bill and then, in the dialog box, scroll over and double-click on Grasp_Cube.
9. All of the attributes for this catalog entry are applied to Bill.
10. Close the Load Human Library dialog box. The Edit Simulation dialog box reappears.
11. In the Edit Simulation dialog box, click the
button.
12. Posture1 has been inserted.

13. Again, open another catalog, the Simulation library.Catalog and load Posture2.
14. Insert Posture2 into the simulation.
15. Repeat the steps until all of the postures have been inserted into the simulation.
16. The Edit Simulation dialog box indicates the insertions have been made.
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17. The Simulation appears in the specification tree under Applications.
18. Use the VCR-like buttons in the dialog box to check your simulation.
Jump to start
Play backward
Step backward
Stop
Step forward
Play forward
Jump to end
Change loop mode. (Single looping can be toggled to continuous looping.
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Using the Generate Replay Command

This procedure describes how to compile a simulation as either a replay or an animation file. A replay is a snapshot of
the process at a particular time. Any changes made to the process after it has been compiled into a replay will not
appear in that replay. An animation file can be either in AVI or MPG format or in a series of JPG still images.
How to Replay a simulation

1. After you have run the simulation and verified that it is one you want to compile, select the Generate Replay
icon.
The Replay Generation dialog box appears.
The Replay dialog box appears. (See below).
2. Click on the Simulation in the PPR Tree.
3. Accept the default name or enter one of your own.

4. Use the Replay to review the simulation.
5. Modify the capture step size if you like, and then select the OK button.
Replay Dialog box
Human Builder
The Replay command bar appears.
The table below provides the meaning of each of the VCR-like buttons.
Jump to start
Play backwards
Step backward (by default, shows replay one frame at a time)
Pause
Step forward (by default, shows replay one frame at a time)
Play forward (shows replay as continuous motion)
Jump to end
Replay runs continuously (in a loop). This view mode is the default mode: click
on this to see the replay runs once mode (described below).
Replay runs only once. Click on this button to see the bounce mode (described
below).
Replay runs continuously (bouncing back and forth). Click on this to return to
the default (replay runs continuously) mode.
To move randomly through the frames of the replay, you can use the slider.
To move to a specific frame, you can use the spinners to select the frame's
number.
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Select Replay Options.
1. (Optional) Select Select Replay Options
on the Replay command bar.
The Replay Options dialog box appears and the Select Replay icon turns orange (because it is a toggle on/off
command):
2. (Optional) Use the Name pulldown menu to select another replay (if available).
3. (Optional) Use the Speed pulldown menu to select the factor by which to increase the speed.
The time window shows you how much of the simulation's run time has elapsed. This is an
estimated time.
The user can filter out text messages and viewpoint changes, if any, using the Replay Options
dialog. If the simulation replay contains no text messages or viewpoint changes, those options will
be muted.
Deselecting viewpoint changes or text messages will filter them out of the replay.
4. Use the VCR-like buttons in the Replay command box to see the replay.
5. Repeat the replay and filter out the text messages or viewpoints to observe the difference between the versions.
Human Builder

This procedure describes how to use the Generate Video command.
A simulation has been created and can be seen in the specification tree.
Or
Open the Simulation_complete.CATProduct file in the samples directory.
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1. Select the Generate Video icon
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from the Manikin Simulation toolbar. The Player toolbar appears.
The Player is used to check the consistency of the simulation (speed, etc.) before generating the video.
2. From the specification tree, select the simulation that you would like to play. The controls in the Player become
active and the Video Generation dialog box appears.
Setting up the capture session

3. Click on the
button to change or view the video compression parameters.
4. Click on the
button to choose a name and location in which to save the video file.
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5. In the Player, click on the Parameters icon
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to access the Player Parameters dialog box. Accept the
defaults or change as desired.
6. In the Video Generation dialog box, click on OK to create and save the video.
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This procedure describes how to use the Replay command. This command can only be used if you have a simulation. A
replay is a snapshot of the process at a particular time. Any changes made to the process after it has been compiled into
a replay will not appear in that replay.
1. Select the Replay icon
2. The Replay dialog box appears. Select the desired replay in the Name combo box.
3. Play the replay simulation using the slider or the VCR-like buttons.
Jump to start
Play backward
Step backward
Stop
Step forward
Play forward
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Jump to end
Change loop mode. (Single looping can be toggled to continuous looping.
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This procedure demonstrates how to use the Track command.
A track is the route of a moving object. Objects can be:
products
shuttles
section planes
lights
cameras
the seven Inverse Kinematic (IK) control points of a manikin. They are:
Note: A manikin's seven IK control points are the:
line of sight (if displayed)
neck
pelvis (root)
right and left hands
right and left feet
For more information, see Using the Inverse Kinematics Mode.
Attach the object to the segment

1. In the samples directory, open the Track.CATProduct file.
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2. In the track you will create, the manikin will wipe the workbench with the sponge. The sponge must first be
attached to the manikin's hand. (An object attached to a segment is a one-way relationship. The object will
follow the movement of the segment; the segment will not follow the movement of the object).
3. To make the attachment:
Select the Attach/Detach icon
Select the sponge.
from the Manikin Tools toolbar.
Select the manikin's right hand.

A message appears confirming that the sponge is now attached to manikin Bob's right hand.
Record the track
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1. Select the Track command
from the Manikin Simulation toolbar.
2. At this time, the following items appear. Click on the links for more detailed information.
Recorder toolbar
Player toolbar
Track dialog box
3. From the specification tree or in the 3D viewer, select the manikin's right hand segment.
"Right Hand" appears in the Object field of the dialog box and the Manipulation toolbar appears.
4. In the Interpolater combo field, select the Spline interpolater.
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5. The 3D compass attaches to the hand in the default position for that segment.
6. In the Quick View toolbar, select the Top View icon.
7. Right-click on the compass to bring up the contextual menu. Select Make Privileged Plane Most Visible.
8. Place the cursor on the compass so that the privileged plane turns orange.
9. Hold the left mouse button down and drag the compass. The hand and sponge will follow.
10. Click the Record icon
in the Record toolbar.
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11. Repeat steps 9 and 10 several more times.

12. The track of the recorded shots is shown; with points indicating the individual recording shots.
13. The track is also shown in the specification tree.
14. Click OK to exit the Track command or run the track simulation as described below.
Run the track simulation
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1. To re-open Track.1, double-click on it in the specification tree.

2. Select the Parameters icon
in the Player toolbar. Set the Time Step to "5 s".
3. In the Player toolbar, select the Play Forward icon
to see the simulation.
The Recorder Toolbar

Use the buttons in the Recorder toolbar to record, modify, or delete a shot of the track you are creating.
Record a new shot

Each time you move the object is positioned with the 3D compass, press this button to record the new shot.
Modify the current shot
Records the modification(s) on one shot at a time.
Delete the current shot
Deletes one shot after another. You need to be positioned on the shot to for it to be deleted.
Reorder the shots
This dialog box allows the user to change the order of the shots.
Reuse the shots
This allows the user to reuse the shots.
The Player Toolbar
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The Player toolbar is available every time you create a track or a sequence, or when you play a track or a simulation. You
can undock the Player toolbar at any time
Use the VCR-like buttons or the slider to play your simulation.
Time line
Time
Skip to beginning
Step backward
Play backward
Stop
Play forward
Step forward
Skip to end
Parameters
Use this dialog box to set the step time for the simulation and amount of time the
simulation will run.
The Track Dialog Box
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For demonstration purposes, the following explanation of the Track dialog box correlates to the Track.CATProduct
file.
Right Hand segment of the manikin.
Brings up the properties of the object (the Right Hand segment of the manikin).
The track can be interpolated in three different ways.
Composite spline
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Linear
Spline
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This procedure describes how to use the Play Simulation command.
A simulation has been created and can be seen in the specification tree.
Or
Open the Simulation_complete.CATProduct file in the samples directory.
1. Select the Play Simulation icon
from the Manikin Simulation toolbar. The Player toolbar
appears.
2. From the specification tree, select the simulation that you would like to play.
3. Play the simulation using the VCR-like buttons in the Player Toolbar.
Time line
Time
Skip to beginning
Step backward
Play backward
Stop
Play forward
Step forward
Skip to end
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Parameters
Use this dialog box to set the step time for the simulation and amount of time the
simulation will run.
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You can effectively analyze the manikin's workspace using the commands in the Manikin Workspace Analysis toolbar. For
more information, read the following topics about these commands.
Distance and Band Analysis
Measure Between
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About distance & band analysis: Gives general information on the Edit Distance and Band Analysis command.
Measure minimum distances and distances along X, Y, and Z: Click Distance and Band Analysis, define the type in the
Edit Distance and Band Analysis dialog box, then select products to measure and click Apply.
Run band analysis: Click the Distance and Band Analysis, measure the minimum distance then select Band Analysis in
the Type box. Define the band and set the accuracy then click Apply.
Export & publish distance results: Click the Export As and select the desired format.
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About Distance & Band Analysis

This section provides detailed information related to distance and band Analysis capabilities:
What can you do with Distance and Band Analysis capabilities?
Distance and Band Analysis Results
Associativity
Creating Groups
What can you do with Distance and Band Analysis capabilities?

The measure capabilities vary depending on the license type:
In DMU-P1, you can measure the minimum distance only between products in the same selection, between products in the selection and other products in the document, or between products in two
different selections, and view the results in a separate viewer.
In DMU-P2, you can, in addition, measure distance along x, along y and along z.
You can also run a band analysis to compute and visualize the areas on products corresponding to a minimum distance within a user-defined range. For example, you want to know whether there is
enough space for hands around a steering wheel (no red area) as well as determine what objects can be reached while keeping hands on the wheel (green area).
The green area on A corresponds to all the points on A for which the minimum distance to B is within the user-defined minimum and maximum distance.
The red area on A corresponds to all the points on A for which the minimum distance to B is less than the user-defined minimum distance.
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Distance and Band Analysis Results

Results differ depending on the sag value used.
Sag:
The sag corresponds to the 3D fixed accuracy value for calculating tessellation on objects (3D fixed accuracy is set in the Performances tab of Tools > Options > General > Display. By default,
this value is set to 0.2 mm.
In Visualization mode, you can dynamically change the sag value for selected objects using the Tools > Modify SAG command
Note: sag is offset from the skin inwards.
Associativity
Distance measurements are associative in both DMU-P1 and P2. If you modify one of the products (for example, move it or change the contents of a group), just run the measurement again
to obtain the updated results.
Creating Groups of Products

In DMU-P2, prior to running your distance analysis, you can create groups containing the product(s) you want to analyze using Group
in the DMU Space Analysis toolbar or Insert >
Group... in the menu bar.

Groups created are identified in the specification tree and can be selected from there for the analysis. Only one group per selection can be defined.
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Measuring Minimum Distances & Distances Along X, Y, Z

This task explains how to measure minimum distance and distance along X, along Y and along Z between products.
In this step-by-step scenario, you will measure the minimum distance and the distance along z between products in two
different selections.
Measuring Minimum Distances & Distances Along X, Y, Z (Step-by-step Scenario)
Defining Measurement Types
Defining Computation Types
Handling Preview windows
Modifying the Color, Linetype and Thickness of the Distance Result
P1 Functionalities
Measuring distances along a direction (X, Y or Z) is a P2 functionality.
Measuring Minimum Distances & Distances Along X, Y, Z
Insert the following sample cgr files: ATOMIZER.cgr, BODY1.cgr, BODY2.cgr, LOCK.cgr, NOZZLE1.cgr, NOZZLE2.cgr,
REGULATION_COMMAND.cgr, REGULATOR.cgr, TRIGGER.cgr and VALVE.cgr.
They are to be found in the online documentation filetree in the common functionalities sample folder cfysm/samples.
1. Click Distance and Band Analysis
in the DMU Space Analysis toolbar, or select Insert > Distance and
Band Analysis from the menu bar to calculate distances. The Edit Distance and Band Analysis dialog box
appears.
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The default distance analysis is measuring the minimum distance inside one selection
2. Ensure that the first Type drop-down list box is set to Minimum.
For more information: read Defining Measurement Type
3. Select a product, for example the Trigger.

4. Click the second Type drop-down list box and select Between two selections.
5. Select another product, for example the Regulation_Command.
Notes:
Any sub-assembly in the specification tree is considered a valid selection.
Click in selection fields (fields turn dark blue) to view your selections and be certain that you have
selected the products you intended: selected products are highlighted.
Continue clicking to select as many products as you want. Products will be placed in the active selection.
To de-select products, reselect them in the specification tree or the geometry area.
6. Click Apply to calculate the distance:

7. If necessary, pan, zoom and/or rotate in the Preview window to visualize the results better.
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Minimum distance and other information identifying all distance components is given in the expanded dialog box. X,
Y, Z coordinates of start and end points on products selected for the distance calculation as well as products
themselves are identified.
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You can also view the results in a separate viewer. To do so, click Results window
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in the Edit Distance and
Band Analysis dialog box. Object viewing commands and commands in the Window menu are available in this
window. For example, using the Windows menu, you can tile the results window and the original document window
vertically or horizontally.
You can use other DMU Space Analysis toolbar commands in the Results window to, for example, measure surfaces.
8. Click the Type drop-down list box and select Along Z.
9. Click Apply. Results are calculated and displayed in the dialog box and Preview window. The Edit Distance and
Band Analysis dialog box expands to show the results.
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10. Click OK in the Edit Distance and Band Analysis dialog box when done.
The distance definition and results are kept as a specification tree feature. This means you can run the measurement
again after, for example, moving one of the products or modifying the contents of a group: distance results will be
updated to reflect changes made.
Defining Measurement Types
Select the required type from the drop-down list box:
Minimum
Along X (P2 only)
Along Y (P2 only)
Along Z (P2 only)
Band analysis (P2 only)
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Defining Computation Types
Handling Preview Windows

A Preview window appears visualizing selected products and the minimum distance (represented by a line, two arrows
and a value).
You can change the default display setting for the Preview window using the
Tools > Options..., Digital Mockup command (DMU Navigator tab)
If you close the Preview window, to open it again:
Click Results window
in the Edit Distance and Band Analysis dialog box
This opens the dedicated results window.
Click Results window
a second time
The results window is closed and the Preview window is restored.
If however, you close the Results window (using the Close button in the title bar), the Preview window will not be
restored.
Modifying the Color, Linetype and Thickness of the Distance Result
To make it easier to read your result, you can specify different properties for distance result. This is done via the
Properties command or via the Graphic Properties toolbar.
The Properties command lets you change the color, linetype and thickness of the current distance result (under Lines and
Curves in Graphics tab).
To access properties:
Right-click the specification tree feature and select Properties.
In the dialog box, click the Graphic tab.
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You can also change these properties via the Graphic Properties toolbar.
To do so:
Select the feature in the specification tree.
Set the linetype, thickness and/or plane color in the Graphic Properties toolbar.
To return to the initial colors, select No color.
P1 Functionalities
In DMU-P1, you can measure the minimum distance only between products in the same selection, between products in
the selection and other products in the document, or between products in two different selections and view the results in a
separate viewer.
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The Distance and Band Analysis capability also lets you run a band analysis to compute and visualize the areas on products
corresponding to a minimum distance within a user-defined range.
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Running Band Analysis
This task explains how to run a band analysis to compute and visualize areas on products corresponding to a minimum
distance within a user-defined range.
They are to be found in the online documentation file tree in the common functionalities sample folder cfysm/samples.
1. Click Distance and Band Analysis
in the DMU Space Analysis toolbar, or select Insert > Distance and
Band Analysis from the menu bar to calculate distances. The Edit Distance and Band Analysis dialog box
appears:
The default distance analysis is measuring the minimum distance inside one selection.
1. Measure the minimum distance between the Trigger and the Regulation_Command. (Select Between two
selections computation type).
2. Click Apply. The Edit Distance and Band Analysis dialog box expands:
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The Preview window is displayed:
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A minimum distance of 28.5mm has been found.

3. In the Definition area, click the Type drop-down list box and select Band analysis. The Minimum and Maximum
distance are no longer grayed out.
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The green area on A corresponds to all the points on A for which the minimum distance to B is within the userdefined minimum and maximum distance.
The red area on A corresponds to all the points on A for which the minimum distance to B is less than the userdefined minimum distance.
4. Set the Minimum and Maximum distance to define the band width, to 32 and 36mm respectively for example
Default values are 1 and 2mm respectively
5. If necessary, set accuracy.
The value entered defines the maximum value for the length of the longest side of a triangular representation of the
results. This representation is used to obtain the red and green surfaces.
A lower value will give you a more accurate result.
The default value is 5mm.
6. Click Apply.A progress bar is displayed letting you monitor and, if necessary, interrupt (Cancel option) the
calculation.
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The preview window is displayed:
Green surfaces identify the areas where the minimum distance between the products is within the specified range.
Red surfaces identify the areas where the minimum distance between the products is less than the specified
minimum distance.
The Edit Distance and Band Analysis dialog box expands to include filters letting you better visualize the green
and red surfaces.
The Export As
letting you save band analysis results in a variety of different formats becomes available.
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7. Set the appropriate options to show, hide or make transparent the green and red surfaces corresponding to band
analysis results for components in selection 1. In our example, we set Selection 1 Results (the Trigger) in green to
Hide.
8. Repeat for other components, i.e. those measured against selection 1. In our example, we set Other Selection
Results (the Regulation_Command) in red to Transparent.
9. Click Apply Filters to visualize the results.
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In the Inside one selection computation type, visualization filters are valid where two products only are
selected.
10. Close the Preview window and open a dedicated results window. A Products drop-down box lets you choose whether
or not to display the products in either or both selections, or make them transparent. This option is only available in
the results window.
11. Set the drop-down box to Hide/Hide to visualize the results of the band analysis only.
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12. Click OK in the Edit Distance and Band Analysis dialog box when done.
The band analysis definition and results are kept as a specification tree feature. This means you can run the
measurement again after, for example, moving one of the products or modifying the contents of a group: distance
results will be updated to reflect changes made.
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Exporting & Publishing Distance Results
Using the Export As command, you can save band analysis results in a variety of different formats.
This task explains how to:
Save surfaces as a model document for re-use in a CATIA V4 design context
Export results in CGR and VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) format
Publish results to an XML file.
Browse the XML file
They are to be found in the online documentation file tree in the common functionalities sample folder cfysm/samples.
Click Distance and Band Analysis
in the DMU Space Analysis toolbar, or
select Insert > Distance and Band Analysis from the menu bar to run a band analysis. The Edit Distance and Band Analysis dialog
box expands. Export As
letting you export and publish band analysis results becomes available.
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Click Export As
. The Save As dialog box appears.
Specify the location of the document to be saved and, if necessary, enter a file name.
Click the Save as type drop-down list and select the desired format: (select model here)
model: to export to a V4 model.

Surfaces exported can be re-used in a CATIA V4 design context.
Each of the four surfaces is saved as a polyhedral surface (*POL) in the model document.
cgr: to save results in a CGR file.
wrl: to save results as a VRML document.
xml: to publish results to an XML file.

Each time you export results to an XML file, a folder containing all the necessary files and images is created.
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Notes:
The green and red color coding of exported surfaces is kept.
If you set the DLName document environment (Tools > Options > General > Document) as your current environment,
clicking Export As will open the DLName dialog box instead of the usual Save As dialog box.
The DLName document environment lets you restrict the access to specific folders referenced by logical names referred to as
DLNames. Each folder is assigned a logical name. In this mode, you can only access documents in folders referenced by
DLNames.
For more information on the DLName document environment, see the Infrastructure User's Guide.
Click Save to save the results in a file in the desired format. In our example, select xml.
Browse your XML File:
Using the Tools > Options... Digital Mockup command (DMU Space Analysis > DMU Distance tab), you can:
Specify the default location of the XML file,
Indicate the style sheet used, and
Have the browser open automatically.
To have your browser open automatically showing the exported results, ensure your browser is already open on your desktop.
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This task explains how to measure the length, radius and angles of an arc drawn through three points.
Insert the following sample model files: ATOMIZER.model, BODY1.model, BODY2.model, LOCK.model, NOZZLE1.model, NOZZLE2.model, REGULATION_COMMAND.model, REGULATOR.model,
TRIGGER.model and VALVE.model.
They are to be found in the online documentation file tree in the common functionalities samples folder cfysm/samples.
1. Click Arc through Three Points
in the DMU Space Analysis toolbar or select Analyze > Arc through Three Points from the menu bar. The Measure Arc Section dialog
box appears.
A Keep Measure option (checkbox cleared by default) in the dialog box lets you keep the current and subsequent measures as features. This
is useful if you want to keep the measures as annotations for example.
Double-clicking an existing measure lets you re-edit the presentation of the measure, review information in the dialog box or delete measures.
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P1 Functionalities
In DMU-P1, the Measure Tools toolbar also appears.
This toolbar has two icons:
Measure Dialogs
Exit Measure
: lets you show or hide the associated dialog box.
: lets you exit the measure. This is useful when the dialog box is hidden.
2. Select three points along a curve or an arc.

An arc is fitted through the three selected points and is displayed along with its center point. The arc length, angle and radius are also visualized.
The dialog box is updated and now gives the length, angle, angle at vertex and radius or diameter of the arc as well as start, end and center point coordinates.
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The number of decimal places, the display of trailing zeros and limits for exponential notation is controlled by the Units tab in the Options dialog box (Tools > Options, General
> Parameters and Measure). For more information, see the Infrastructure User's Guide.
Notes:
The appearance of the cursor
changes to reflect the measure command that you are in. A number (1, 2 then 3) also helps you identify
where you are in your measure.
Dynamic highlighting
as you move the cursor over geometrical entities helps you locate points. As you move over edges, the edge (and not the surface) is
highlighted.
3. If necessary, adjust the presentation of the measure. You can move the radius line and text anchor point as well as the texts of the measure.
The Properties command (Graphics tab) lets you change the fill color and transparency as well as the color, line type and thickness of measure
lines.
Note: You cannot vary transparency properties, the current object is either the selected color or transparent.
4. (Optional) Customize your measure if needed. To do so (at any time):
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Click Customize... in the Measure Arc Section dialog box and,
Set your display in the Measure Arc Section Customization dialog box
By default, all results are displayed
5. Click Close when done.
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The Measure Between command lets you measure distance between geometrical entities.
You can measure:
Minimum distance and, if applicable angles, between points, surfaces, edges, vertices and entire products
Or,
Maximum distance between two surfaces, two volumes or a surface and a volume.
This section deals with the following topics:
Measuring minimum distance and angles
Dialog box options
Accessing other measure commands
Defining measure types
Defining selection 1 & selection 2 modes
Defining the calculation mode
Sectioning measure results
Measuring maximum distance
About maximum distance
Between two G-1 continuous surfaces
Between Wireframe entities
Step-by-step scenario
Measuring distances in a local axis system
Customizing measure between
Editing measures
Creating geometry from measure results
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Exact measures on CGRs and in visualization mode
Measuring angles
Updating measures
Using measures in knowledgeware
Measure cursors
Restrictions
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Insert the following sample model files: ATOMIZER.model, BODY1.model, BODY2.model, LOCK.model, NOZZLE1.model, NOZZLE2.model, REGULATION_COMMAND.model, REGULATOR.
model, TRIGGER.model and VALVE.model. They are to be found in the online documentation file tree in the common functionalities sample folder cfysm/samples.
Measuring Minimum Distance and Angles

This task explains how to measure minimum and, if applicable, angles between geometrical entities (points, surfaces, edges, vertices and entire products).
1. Click Measure Between
. In DMU, you can also select Analyze > Measure Between from the menu bar. The Measure Between dialog box appears:
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By default, minimum distances and if applicable, angles are measured.

By default, measures made on active products are done with respect to the product axis system.
Measures made on active parts are done with respect to the part axis system.
Note: This distinction is not valid for measures made prior to Version 5 Release 8 Service Pack 1 where all measures are made with respect to the absolute axis system.
Dialog box options
Other Axis check box: when selected, lets you measure distances and angles with respect to a local V5 axis system.
Keep Measure check box: when selected, lets you keep the current and subsequent measures as features.
This is useful if you want to keep the measures as annotations for example.
Some measures kept as features are associative and can be used to valuate parameters or in formulas.
Note that in the Drafting and Advanced Meshing Tools workbenches, measures are done on-the-fly and are therefore not persistent nor associative and cannot be used as
parameters.
Create Geometry button: lets you create the points and line corresponding to the minimum distance result.
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Customize... button: lets you customize display of measure results.
Accessing other measure commands
Measure Item
is accessible from the Measure Between dialog box.
In DMU, the Measure Thickness command is also accessible from the Measure Between dialog box. For more information, see the DMU Space Analysis User's Guide.
2. Select the desired measure type.
Notice that the image in the dialog box changes depending on the measure type selected.
3. Set the desired mode in the Selection 1 and Selection 2 mode drop-down list boxes.
4. Set the desired calculation mode in the Calculation mode drop-down list box.
5. Click to select a surface, edge or vertex, or an entire product (selection 1).
Notes:
The appearance of the cursor has changed to assist you.
Dynamic highlighting of geometrical entities helps you locate items to click on.
6. Click to select another surface, edge or vertex, or an entire product (selection 2).
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A line representing the minimum distance vector is drawn between the selected items in the geometry area. Appropriate distance values are displayed in the dialog box.
Note: For reasons of legibility, angles between lines and/or curves of less than 0.02 radians (1.146 degrees) are not displayed in the geometry area.
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By default, the overall minimum distance andVersion
angle, if any,
between16
the selected items are given in the Measure Between
dialog box.
5 Release
7. Select another selection and, if desired, selection mode.

8. Set the Measure type to Fan to fix the first selection so that you can always measure from this item.
9. Select the second item.
10. Select another item.

11. Click Ok when done.
Defining measure types
Between (default type): measures distance and, if applicable, angle between selected items.
Chain: lets you chain measures with the last selected item becoming the first selection in the next measure.
Fan: fixes the first selection as the reference so that you always measure from this item.
Defining selection 1 & selection 2 modes
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Any geometry: measures distances and, if applicable, angles between defined geometrical entities (points, edges, surfaces, etc.).
By default, Any geometry option is selected
Note: The Arc center mode is activated in this selection mode.

This mode recognizes the axis of cylinders and lets you measure the distance between two cylinder axes for example.
Selecting an axis system in the specification tree makes the distance measure from the axis system origin.
You can select sub-entities of V5 axis systems in the geometry area only. For V4 axis systems, distances are always measured from the origin.
Any geometry, infinite: measures distances and, if applicable, angles between the infinite geometry (plane, line or curve) on which the selected geometrical entities lie. Curves are
extended by tangency at curve ends.
Line
Plane
Curve
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The Arc center mode is activated and this mode also recognizes cylinder axes. For
all other selections, the measure mode is the same as any geometry.
Any geometry, infinite
Any geometry
Picking point: measures distances between points selected on defined geometrical entities.
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The picking point is selected on visualization mode geometry and depends on the sag value used. It may not correspond to the exact geometry.
The resulting measure will always be non associative.
In the DMU section viewer, selecting two picking points on a curve gives the distance along the curve between points (curve length or CL) as well as the minimum distance between
points.
Notes:
Both points must be located on the same curve element.
The minimum distance option must be set in the Measure Between Customization dialog box.
Point only: measures distances between points. Dynamic highlighting is limited to points.
Edge only, Surface only: measures distances and, if applicable, angles between edges and surfaces respectively. Dynamic highlighting is limited to edges or surfaces and is thus
simplified compared to the Any geometry mode. All types of edge are supported.
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Product only: measures distances between products.
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Products can be specified by selecting product geometry, for example an edge or surface, in the geometry area or the specification tree.
Picking axis: measures distances and, if applicable, angles between an entity and an infinite line perpendicular to the screen.
Simply click to create infinite line perpendicular to the screen.

Notes:
The resulting measure will always be approximate and non associative.
Elements placed in No Show are taken into account in measure operation.
Intersection: measures distances between points of intersection between two lines/curves/edges or a line/curve/edge and a surface. In this case, two selections are necessary to
define selection 1 and selection 2 items.
Geometrical entities (planar surfaces, lines and curves) are extended to infinity to determine the point of intersection. Curves are extended by tangency at curve ends.
Curve-plane
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Line-plane
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Curve-curve
Notes:
Only intersections which result in points of intersection are managed.
The resulting measure will always be approximate and non associative
Edge limits: measures distances between start and end points of an edge. Only start and end points can be selected with this option checked. The extremity nearest the selected
point is taken for the measurement.
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Arc center: measures distances between the centers of arcs. To define arc center, click three points on the geometry.
Note: The resulting measure will always be approximate and non associative.
Center of 3 points arc: measures distances between the centers of arcs defined by 3 points.
Coordinate: measures distances between coordinates entered for selection 1 and/or selection 2 items.
Note: The resulting measure will always be non associative.
Defining the calculation mode
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Exact else approximate (default mode): measures access exact data and wherever possible true values are given. If exact values cannot be measured, approximate values are given
(identified by a ~ sign).
Exact: measures access exact data and true values are given. Note that you can only select exact items in the geometry area or specification tree.
In certain cases, in particular if products are selected, a warning dialog box informs you that the exact measure could not be made.
After some geometric operations, vertices (and corresponding macro points) may combine several representations on different supports (curves or surfaces). These representations
are not all located in the same position in space which means that the exact position of the vertex cannot be determined. Only one vertex representation is visualized.
Measure Between measurements are made with respect to the visualized representation. Measuring distance between two points therefore depends on the chosen representation. Any
calculation errors are due to the fact that the exact position of the vertex cannot be determined.
Approximate: measures are made on tessellated objects and approximate values are given (identified by a ~ sign).
Notes:
You can hide the display of the ~ sign using the Tools > Options command (General > Parameters and Measure > Measure Tools).
The number of decimal places, the display of trailing zeros and limits for exponential notation is controlled by the Units tab in the Options dialog box (Tools > Options, General
> Parameters and Measure). For more information, see the Infrastructure User's Guide.
Using the Other Selection... command in the contextual menu, you can access the center of spheres.
Elements in No Show mode are not taken into account in the approximate calculation.
If you checked the Keep Measure option in the Measure Between dialog box, your measures are kept as features and your specification tree will look something like this if measures
were made on the active product.
Or like this, if measures were made on the active part.
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Note: If the product is active, any measures on parts are placed in No Show.
Some measures kept as features are associative. In Design Mode, if you modify a part or move a part in a product structure context and the measure is impacted, it will be identified as
not up-to-date in the specification tree. You can then update it locally have it updated automatically.
When measures are used to valuate parameters, an associative link between the measure and parameter is created. Measures can also be used in formulas.
Sectioning measure results

Having made and kept your measure, select it then click Sectioning
to section measure results. The plane is created parallel to the direction defined by the measure and
sections entities selected for the measure only. All section plane manipulations are available.
.
Note: You may need an appropriate license to access the Sectioning command
P1-Only Functionality
In P1, the Measure Tools toolbar appears.
This toolbar has two icons:
Measure Dialogs
Exit Measure
: lets you show or hide the associated dialog box.
: lets you exit the measure. This is useful when the dialog box is hidden.
Human Builder
Customizing Measure Between
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Customizing lets you choose what distance you want to measure:
Minimum distance (and angle if applicable)
Maximum distance
Maximum distance from 1 to 2.
Note: These options are mutually exclusive. Each time you change option, you must make your measure again.
By default, minimum distances and if applicable, angles are measured.

You can also choose to display components and the coordinates of the two points (point 1 and point 2) between which the distance is measured.
What you set in the dialog box determines the display of the results in both the geometry area and the dialog box.
Measuring Maximum Distance
Human Builder
About Maximum Distance
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You can measure the maximum distance between two G-1 surfaces, two volumes or a surface and a volume.
Distance is measured normal to the selection and is always approximate. Two choices are available:
Maximum distance from 1 to 2: gives the maximum distance of all distances measured from selection 1.
Note: This distance is, in general, not symmetrical.
Maximum distance: gives the highest maximum distance between the maximum distance measured from selection 1 and the maximum distance measured from selection 2.
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Note: All selection 1 (or 2) normals intersecting selection 1 (or 2) are ignored.
Between two G-1 continuous surfaces on a part in Design mode (result is exact)
You can now calculate the maximum distance between two G1 (continuous at the tangency level) surfaces (planar or not). The resulting measure is exact.
Notes:
G-1 stands for geometric tangency, it basically means: surfaces which are continuous at the tangency level.
You can measure maximum distance only with exact geometries (i.e. in Design Mode).
Between Wireframe entities

You can now calculate the maximum perpendicular deviation between point, lineic and surfacic elements (except surface/surface which uses max perpendicular distance see table
below)
The table below lists the possible wire frame selections for measuring maximum distance:
Entity
Surface
Curve
Point
surface
Curve
Point
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
MIN
Maximum Perpendicular Deviation Behavior:
The second element is discretized (with a tessellation independent from the visualization sag)
A minimal distance is then, measured between each point of discretization and the first selected element
Are kept: only the minimal distances which project orthogonally.
The final value given is the maximum distance value of all kept minimal orthogonal distances.
Consequences:
The behavior is not symmetric when "Maximum Distance from 1 to 2" is used (except for point selection)
The result is approximate
If the minimal distance measured between a point of selection 2 and selection 1 is not orthogonal, it is not taken into account. In other words, cases in which there is no orthogonality
between the direction given by the two points of the minimal distance and selection 1 are excluded.
Required orthogonality to keep the minimal distance within the result is not modeler-tolerant (Logical G1 continuity is not taken
into321
account)
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Human Builder
Some scenarios do not provide any solution (see example below)
In this scenario, the left part does not return any solution since minimum distances in this zone are obtained at the curve left extremity point and are not orthogonal to the curve.
Step-by-Step Scenario
1. Click Customize... and check the appropriate maximum distance option in the Measure Between Customization dialog box, then click OK.
2. Make your measure:
Select the desired measure type
Set the desired selection modes
Set the desired calculation mode
Click to select two surfaces, two volumes or a surface and a volume.
Human Builder
3. Click OK when done.
Measuring Distances in a Local Axis System

The Other Axis option in the dialog box lets you measure distance in a local axis system.
This type of measure is associative: if you move the axis system, the measure is impacted and can be updated.
You need a V5 axis system to carry out this scenario
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Human Builder1.
Version
Select the Other Axis check box in the dialog box.
5 Release 16
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2. Select a V5 axis system in the specification tree or geometry area.

3. Make your measure.
In the examples below, the measure is a minimum distance measure and the coordinates of the two points between which the distance is measured are shown.
Same measure made with respect to absolute axis system:
Note: All subsequent measures are made with respect to the selected axis system.
4. To change the axis system, click the Other Axis field and select another axis system.
5. To return to the absolute axis system, click to clear the Other Axis check box
6. Click OK when done.
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Restrictions
Neither Visualization Mode nor cgr files permit selection of individual vertices.
In the No Show space, the Measure Between command
Measures performed on sheet metal features provide wrong results. In unfolded view, volume elements are not taken into account when measuring Part Bodies.
Measures are not associative when switching between folded view and unfolded view (using the Fold/Unfold icon
is not accessible.
in the Sheet Metal toolbar).
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Measuring Angles
The following section describes:
Exact angles
Complementary angles
Exact Angles
The Measure Between command lets you measure exact angles between the following geometrical entities that have (at least) one common point.
Two lines (even if not in the same plane):
A line and a curve:
Two curves:
Note: In the above three cases, if entities intersect more than once, the measure is made at the point of intersection nearest the point at which
selection 1 is made.
A curve and a surface:
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Note: If the curve and surface intersect more than once, the measure is made at the point of intersection nearest the point of the selection on the
curve.
A line and a surface:
A line and a plane:
Two surfaces: You can also measure the angle between two surfaces provided both surfaces are planar.
Complementary Angles
You can obtain the complementary angle (360 - the initial angle measured) when measuring between two curves: drag the angle line to show the
complementary angle.
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Note: The dialog box and knowledge parameters are refreshed. The value of the complementary angle is stored along with the measure.
For any two geometrical entities that meet, the choice of measurement between a given angle or its complementary angle is performed with respect to
where you select the entities in the 3D area:
Note, If you select entities in the specification tree, the measured angle is given arbitrarily (A or 180 degrees - A)
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Measure Cursors
The appearance of the Measure Between and Measure Item cursor changes as you move it over items to reflect the measure
command you are in and to help you identify the selection. Dynamic highlighting of surfaces, points, and vertices, etc. also
helps you locate items to click on.
Measure Between
Measure Item
Geometry
Surface
Planar surface
Line
Curve
Point
Circle
Sphere
Cylinder
Human Builder
Volume
In Measure Between, a number (1 for selection

1 and 2 for selection 2) identifies where you
are in your measure.
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Human Builder

These are the tasks that a user performs using Human Builder with other Ergonomics and Design workbenches:
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This task describes how to access the Human Posture Editor by using the Manikin Workbench Access toolbar.
Your manikins must already have been created via the Human Builder workbench.
1. The user has selected the required icon from the Manikin Workbench Access toolbar from the Human Builder
workbench.
2. Select the Human Posture icon
and the command prompt asks you for "Select a segment or a line of
sight...", select the required segment.

3. The software changes to the Human Posture Analysis workbench.
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4. Or if you already have an active product containing a manikin, select the manikin or double-click a segment to
change to the workbench.
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This task describes how to access the Human Measurements Editor by using the Manikin Workbench Access toolbar.
Your manikins must already have been created via the Human Builder workbench.
1. Select the manikin.

2. Click the Anthropometry icon
located in the Manikin Access Workbench toolbar.
3. The anthropometry is displayed on the selected manikin. You can modify any anthropometric value by doubleclicking the corresponding arrow.
Human Builder

How to Do a Safe Save in ENOVIA LCA from CATIA V5
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How to Do a Safe Save into ENOVIA LCA from CATIA V5

The objective of Safe Save is to prevent the user from building / editing data in
CATIA V5 if they cannot be saved in ENOVIA LCA. Therefore, in interoperability
mode, some CATIA V5 commands are grayed out / hidden in the Product Structure
workbench.
Only commands subject to restrictions are listed below.
restricted commands.
Workbench
H
U
M
A
N
B
U
I
L
D
E
R
Shuttle
Accessibility in LCA
mode
NO (grayed out)
Simulation
NO (grayed out)
Generate Replay
NO (grayed out)
Generate Video
NO (grayed out)
Replay
NO (grayed out)
Track
NO (grayed out)
Play a Simulation
NO (grayed out)
Contact Constraint
NO (grayed out)
Coincidence
Constraint
NO (grayed out)
Fix Constraint
NO (grayed out)
Fix On Constraint
NO (grayed out)
Update
NO (grayed out)
Distance and Band

Analysis
YES
The result of this

command cannot be
saved.
NO
Arc Through Three

Points
YES
The result of this

command cannot be
saved.
NO
Measure Between
YES
The result of this

command cannot be
saved.
NO
Feature
Manikin Simulation
Manikin Constraints
Manikin Workspace
Analysis
And in some cases, rules are applied to
Command
Warning /
Comment
Save in
LCA / Rules
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This procedure describes how to use global collision detection. This command can be activated in the following manipulation modes:
Forward Kinematics
the Posture Editor
Inverse Kinematics mode
Reach Mode
Place mode
Standard Pose
Collision Detection Off

In this state, collision detection is disabled.
Collision Detection On
In this state, collision detection is enabled and the elements involved in the collision will be highlighted in the 3D viewer.
Collision Detection Stop
In this state, collision detection is enabled, the elements involved in the collision will be highlighted in the 3D viewer, an audible beep may be heard (if set in Tools -> Options),
and manikin motion will stop.
Setting audible feedback

From the main menu, select Tools->Options->DMU Fitting. Under the DMU Manipulation tab, activate or de-activate Clash Feedback as shown below.
Human Builder
1. In the Samples directory, open the file Manikin_and_Box.CATProduct.
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2. Using the
Clash Icon, set up the Clash between two selections, the manikin (selection 1), and the box.
3. Click on the Apply button

4. In the Manikin Simulation toolbar, select Collision Detection On.
5. Using the compass, move the manikin's hand so that it collides with the box.
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6. In the PPR tree, under Applications, double-click on the Interference Results.1
7. The Check Clash dialog box and the Preview window appears. Click on the Apply button to update the data. The information is transposed.
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8. When complete, click on the OK button.
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This procedure describes how to use the powerful reach envelope creation tool. This tool takes advantage of the
manikin's inverse kinematics (IK) capability to evaluate manikin arm reachability in the 3D space. It is particularly useful
in facilitating product design and review.
A reach envelope is a surface that represents all the possible positions the manikin can reach using only the arm and
forearm. The motion starts at the shoulder.
You can create two reach envelopes: one each for the right and left hand.
The reach envelope is included in the clash detection algorithm.
1. Create a new manikin or insert one from the samples directory.

2. Select the Reach Envelope icon
and select the manikin's left hand or any segment belonging to the
hand. The reach envelope, a surface representing the maximum reach limit, is created around the shoulder joint.
The reach envelope computation will take the IK offset of the selected segment into account. (For more
information about offset functionality, see Redefining the Segment Offset for Inverse Kinematics.) This will
enable you to create the Reachability of the tip of a tool, for example, if the offset of the hand had previously
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been relocated to that point on the tool.

The reach will also be influenced by the arm's angular limitations and preferred angles. For example, it is
possible to create a reach envelope representing the comfort zone for a given task.
3. Change the graphical properties in the reach envelope's Properties dialog box. Right-click on the reach
envelope, and select Properties in the contextual menu.
4. Using the Posture Editor, the IK Mode, or the Standard Pose command, manipulate the manikin's spine. The
reach envelope will follow. Select the selection of the segment from the PPR Tree.
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5. Delete the reach envelope. To do this, make sure that you are in the Human Builder workbench for that manikin
(double click on the manikin's name in the PPR Tree). Right-click on the reach envelope and select from the
contextual menu as shown below. To return (if needed) to the Human Task Simulation workbench, double-click
on the Process name.
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This procedure describes how to use collision checking. The clash command verifies whether items collide.
The command described in this procedure analyzes the items within a process as it is being animated.
This command is described in more detail in the DMU Space Analysis User's Manual. The manual focuses on using the command
in workbenches that modify .CATProducts; in the 3D Simulation for Manufacturing workbench, the command is used in the context
of .CATProcess files.
1. On the PPR tree, select the item(s) you want to monitor for collisions. (Use CTRL-Click to select the second item.)
2. Select the Clash icon.
The check clash dialog box appears.
3. Provide the data requested. Use the information below to make your selections.
Contact + Clash
Checks whether two products or resources occupy the same space zone as well as
whether they are in contact.
Clearance + Contact + Clash
In addition to checking whether the two products or resources occupy the same
space zone, and whether they are in contact, this option checks whether they
occupy a clearance zone around each other. The clearance zone size is is set in
the box (shown grayed out) next to the pulldown menu for Type.
Authorized Penetration
Checks whether an object penetrates another object beyond a specified amount.

The specified amount is set in the box (shown grayed out) next to the pulldown
menu for Type.
Clash rule
Allows you to use Knowledgeware capabilities for clash.
Between all components
This option checks for collisions or penetrations, per the specifications in the Type
pull-down menu, between any or all components. This is the default value.
Inside one selection
This option checks for collisions or penetrations, per the specifications in the Type
pull-down menu, occurring to a selected product or resource.
Selection against all
This option checks for collisions, per the specifications in the Type pull-down
menu, caused by a selected product or resource.
Between two selections
This option checks for collisions, per the specifications in the Type pull-down
menu, between two selected products or resources.

5. Use Setting the Analysis Status and Defining an Analysis Configuration when you are ready to perform this analysis.
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By running a simulation or the jog command (depending on your product), you can see whether collisions are detected.
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Swept Volume for Manikin Movements

This procedure describes how the user has the capability to generate a full-blown swept volume during simulation, on a
subset of manikin segments. This functionality is intended to operate when launching the global Process simulation, as
well as when single human task is executed. The user is able to save the swept volume on the user's local machine.
Although the Swept Volume function appears in the Human Task Simulation workbench, it is controlled by the DMU Space
Analysis product. That is, this command will appear in the Human Task Simulation workbench only if a valid license exists
for the (DELMIA) DMU Space analysis 2 product.
The swept volume generated for manikin segments will take into account other objects, when these are attached on the
manikin or picked by the manikin during simulation (through the use of an Attach relationship, or a Pick activity,
respectively).
A swept volume can be defined as the volume or space that is occupied by a moving object through one full stroke or
movement.
In ergonomic analysis, the workspace of an arm or a leg in an airplane cockpit or an automotive vehicle, are of great
importance to the study of the location and orientation of instruments and tools. Similarly, when a worker task is
analyzed, the specification of an elbow room for the factory worker to properly lift, move and place parts, when
performing an assembly, is critical. Swept Volume computation can greatly help achieve accurate results in these areas.
Before executing this command, the manikin and all other resources must be inserted.
Read the following sections to gain a better understanding of the Swept Volume with a Manikin:

Swept Volume with Segments moving with a attached or picked object
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1. The manikin walks to the blue box, and a Swept volume will be created.
2. In the Manikin Tools toolbar, select the Swept Volume for Manikin Simulation icon.
3. The Swept Volume dialog box appears.
4. For the Selected Segments, select the manikin from the PPR tree, or from the 3D geometry window. The dialog box appears with all
the segments selected.
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6. The Swept Volume floating toolbar appears.
7. Select a Process activity
8.
Select the Process Simulation icon
with a walk activity.
in the Simulation toolbar. Select the Run icon, and the manikin walks over to the blue
box. Deactivate the Process Simulation icon when completed.
9. Select the icon Stop Swept Volume Recording

from the Swept Volume toolbar.
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For more information on this panel, the reader can refer to the original Swept Volume function (please see the DMU
Optimizer and DPM Assembly Simulation online user documentation).
11. Select the options as shown above, and select the Preview button. The Computation in progress dialog box appears.
12. When completed, the preview window appears with the Swept Volume.
Human Builder
13. Select the Save button in the Swept Volume dialog box. The Save As dialog box appears. Save the Swept Volume.
14. After the save, the user can Import the Swept Volume.
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This procedure describes how the user has the capability to generate a Swept Volume using segments of a Manikin.
1. The manikin will grab the red cylinder.
4. Double-click on the Left Arm in the PPR tree.
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5. For the Selected Segments, select the manikin from the PPR tree, or the 3D geometry window. The dialog box
appears with all the Left Segments selected.

8. Select a Process activity with a segment activity.
9.
Select the Process Simulation icon
in the Simulation toolbar. Select the Run icon, and the manikin
reaches for the red cylinder. Deactivate the Process Simulation icon when completed.
10. Select the icon Stop Swept Volume Recording icon

11. The Swept Volume Dialog box appears.
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12. Select the options as shown above, and select the Preview button. The Computation in progress dialog box
appears.
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14. Select the Save button in the Swept Volume dialog box, and the Save As dialog box appears. Save the Swept
Volume.
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Swept Volume with Segments moving with a attached or

picked object
This procedure describes how the user has the capability to generate a Swept Volume with a segment with a attached
or picked
object.
1. With the red cylinder grabbed the segments will move.
4. Double-click on the Left Arm in the PPR tree.
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5. For the Selected Segment, select the manikin from the PPR tree, or the 3D geometry window. The dialog box
appears with all the Left segments selected.

8. Select a Process activity with a segment activity.
9. Select the Process Simulation icon
in the Simulation toolbar. Select the Run icon. Deactivate the Process
Simulation Icon when completed.
10. Select the icon Stop Swept Volume Recording icon

11. The Swept Volume Dialog box appears.
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12. Select the options as shown above, and select the Preview button. The Computation in progress dialog box
appears.
Human Builder
14. Select the Save button, and the Save As dialog box appears. Save the Swept volume.
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This procedure describes how the user has the capability to bring the Swept Volume created into the Process.
1. Select File > New and the New dialog box appears. Select Product, and OK.
2. After the selection in the New dialog box, the software changes to the Human Builder workbench. In the Menu bar, select the
Insert > Existing Component...
3. Select the Product Name in the PPR tree (in this example, Product2).
4. The File Selection dialog box appears. Select all three files, or one you have created, and select Open.
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5. The Swept Volume appears in the 3D geometry window.

6. You could Right-click on the Product2, and change the name to Swept Volume if required in the properties dialog box.
7. Save this file as Swept Volume where required, and return to the Human Task Simulation workbench (close the existing
window).
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8. Insert this file into the existing CATProcess document using the Insert > Insert Resource.
9. For the ease of viewing change the Swept Volume transparency. Right-click on the Swept Volume in the PPR tree, and select
Properties.
10. The Properties dialog box appears, and select the Graphic tab. In the transparency area, select and move the bar to the
desired Transparency. Select Apply, and OK.
Human Builder
11. The Swept Volume.
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Human Builder
The Human Builder application window looks like the image below.
Click the hotspots to see the related documentation.

Update Toolbar
Manikin Tools Toolbar
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Human Builder
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The various menus and menu commands that are specific to Human Builder are described below.
Start
File
Edit
View
Insert
Tools
Window
Help
Start
For
See
Human Builder
Standard Manikin
Creation
For
See
Manikin
Constraints Toolbar
Contact Constraint
Manikin
Constraints Toolbar
Fix Constraint
Manikin
Constraints Toolbar
Fix On Constraint
Fix On Constraints
Attach/Detach
Attaching an
Object to a Manikin
Segment
New Manikin
Standard Manikin
Creation
New Load
Load Parameters
For
See
Options
Menu Tools
Options Human
Builder
Display
Changing Manikin
Display Attributes
IK Behaviors
Inverse Kinematics
Behaviors
Descriptions
Assigning
Descriptions
(Memos)
Vision
Using the Vision

Function
Reach Envelope
Using the Reach

Envelope
Posture Editor
Using the Posture

Editor
Forward Kinematics
Using Forward
Kinematics
Insert
Tools
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Inverse Kinematics Mode
Using the Inverse

Kinematics Mode
Reach Mode
Interactive
Positioning with
the Reach Mode
Place Mode
Using Place Mode
Standard Pose
Applying Standard
Poses
Libraries and Catalogs
Manikin Catalog
Management
Update
Manikin
Constraints Toolbar
Publication
Publishing a Offset
Human Builder

This toolbar contains the following tools:
Opens the Human Measurements Editor
Opens the Human Posture Analysis
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Human Builder

See Contact Constraint
See Coincidence Constraint
See Fix Constraint
See Fix On Constraint
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Human Builder
Update Toolbar
See Using Manikin Constraint Command
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This toolbar contains several commands belonging to the DMU Fitting Simulator 2 (FIT) product. When opening the
Human Builder workbench, this toolbar will not appear unless the stated product is properly installed or a valid license
exists for this product
See Using the Shuttle Command
See Using the Simulation Command
See Using the Generate Replay Command
See Using the Generate Video Command
See Using the Replay Command
See Using the Track Command
See Using the Player Command
See Using the Clash Command
See Swept Volume command
See Setting Automatic Clash Detection
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Human Builder

See Distance and Band Analysis
See Arc through Three Points
See Measure Between
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Human Builder
Manikin Tools toolbar

See Inserts a new manikin
See Inserts a new load
See Inserts a new Report
See Inserts a new offset
See Changing the display of a manikin
See Inverse Kinematics Behaviors
See Adds a description to a manikin object
See Open Vision Window
See Computes a Reach Envelope
See Attach/Detach an Object to a Manikin Segment
See Load manikin's attributes from a catalog
See Save manikin's attributes in catalog
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Human Builder

See Using the Posture Editor
See Using Forward Kinematics
See Using the Inverse Kinematics Modes
See Using the Inverse Kinematics Modes

See Redefining the Segment Offset for Inverse
Kinematics
See Inverse Kinematics Behaviors
See Interactive Positioning with the Reach Command
See Interactive Positioning with the Reach Command
See Using the Place Mode
See Applying Standard Poses
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Customizing
Before you start your first working session, you can customize the way you work to suit your habits.
This type of customization is stored in permanent setting files: these settings will not be lost if you end your session.
1. Select the Tools -> Options command.

The Options dialog box displays.
2. In Ergonomics and Design, select the Human Builder.
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Glossary
A
abduction
The movement of a limb away from the median, or midline, of the body.
adduction
The movement of a limb toward the median, or midline, of the body.
ambinocular vision
The zone defined by the union of two shapes that define the right and left monocular visions. The
entire field of vision that can be seen with both eyes.
angular limitations
The manikin's joint limitations.
anthropometry
The study of proportional relationships between the shape, weight and size of body segments.
B
binocular vision
The zone defined by the intersection of the two shapes that define the right and left monocular
visions. The zone that can be seen by both the right and left eyes.
blind cone
The 3D graphical representation of the mathematical model bordering the eye's blind spot.
Available for monocular vision only.
blind spot
The area of the eye where the optic nerve is attached.
C
center of gravity
That point at the exact center of an object's mass.
central cone
The 3D graphical representation used to create a model that represent the mathematical model of
the central point.
central spot of vision
Corresponds to the focus location. The end of the line of sight.
constraint
The relationship of a manikin to its surrounding environment.
COG
See center of gravity.
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degree(s) of freedom
Each linear or rotary movement along or about a given axis. Manikin segments can have up to
three DOFs.
depression
Shoulder adduction movement.
DOF
Degree(s) of freedom
dorsiflexion
Ankle upward flexion movement
E
elevation
Shoulder abduction movement
eversion
Ankle abduction movement
extension
The act of straightening a limb at a joint.
F
father product
The product the manikin will be attached to in the specification tree. It can be the root product or
any other product under the root.
flexion
The act of bending a limb at a joint, thus forming an angle.
fovea
The fovea of the eye is a small pit in the center of the retina that contains cones but no rods. When
looking directly at a point, its image falls on the fovea. The fovea covers an angle of about 2
degrees. Visual acuity is normally greatest for images on the fovea.
H
hyperextension
Extending the extremity beyond anatomical position.
I
inverse kinematics
Inverse kinematics is the process of determining the movement of interconnected segments of a

body or model. For example, with a manikin, when the hand is moved from a resting position to a
waving position, the connected fingers, forearm, upper arm and main body all move in response.
inversion
Ankle adduction movement
L
lateral rotation
The rotation of a body part away from the median, or midline, of the body.
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left monocular vision
The field of vision of the left eye only
line of sight
Designed to facilitate the manipulation of the manikin's field of vision. It can be selected as any
other segment of the manikin.
longitudinal axis
The vertical axis perpendicular to the transverse plane that is dividing the body into superior and
inferior portions.
M
manikin
A virtual human.
medial rotation
The rotation of a body part toward the median, or midline, of the body.
monocular vision
The field of vision from one eye only.
P
peripheral cone
The 3D graphical representation of the mathematical model bordering the human field of vision.
The tip of the cone corresponds to the origin of the line of sight, i.e. the eyes.
plantar flexion
Ankle flexion movement in the direction of the sole of the foot.
ponctum proximum
The minimum accommodation distance or depth of vision; the nearest point that can be seen
clearly.
ponctum remotum
The maximum accommodation distance of the vision; the crystalline relax position for objects
located from five meters to infinity.
postural score
A function used to evaluate the manikin's posture.
posture
The position of the whole manikin (global posture) or of parts of the manikin such as hand posture
(local posture).
product tree
Process/ Product/ Resource (PPR) tree. The PPR tree is a 2D view of the process. It lists all the
products and resources required to make a specific product. It also lists, in hierarchical form, the
actions required to perform the process that produces the product.
pronation
The movement of the forearm so that the hand rests palm down on a surface.
R
radial deviation
Wrist adduction movement (toward the radial bone, on the thumb side of the arm).
range of motion
The range of translation and rotation of a joint for each of its degrees of freedom.
reach envelope
A surface that represents all the possible surfaces the manikin can reach using only the arm and
forearm. The motion starts at the shoulder.
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right monocular vision
The field of vision of the right eye only.
rotation
A circular or turning movement of a body part, such as the back or head, around its axis.
S
sagittal axis
Horizontal axis in the anterior-posterior orientation. This axis is perpendicular to the coronal plane
that is dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
segment
A section of the manikin such as forearm, neck, thigh, ankle, etc.
shuttle
An element representing the object to be fitted or unfitted from an assembly. It is composed of an

axis and list of models. The shuttle can be moved about to simulate the fitting or unfitting of the
object within the assembly.
specification tree
Area of the document window reserved for viewing the design specifications of a part, presented in
the form of a tree structure.
stereo vision
The vision of both left and right eyes in two distinct windows displayed side by side. This type of
display is use for special needs such as vision in a stereo head mounted display.
supination
The movement of the forearm so that the hand rests palm up on a surface.
T
transversal axis
Horizontal axis in the left-right orientation. This axis is perpendicular to the sagittal plane that is
dividing the body into left and right portions.
U
ulnar deviation
Wrist abduction movement (toward the ulna bone, on the little finger side of the arm).
V
visual field
The entire area that can be seen when the eye is forward, including peripheral vision.

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Human Builder

Sun Microsystems Computer Company

OLE, VBScript for Windows, Visual Basic

Intelligent Manufacturing Software, Inc.

Raster Imaging Technology copyrighted by Snowbound Software Corporation 1993-2001

The Manikin Workbench Access Toolbar

Human Builder in a Nutshell

Before Reading this Guide

Getting the Most Out of this Guide

Accessing Sample Documents

Conventions Used in this Guide

Human Builder in a Nutshell

Before Reading this Guide

Human Posture Analysis

Human Measurements Editor

Human Activity Analysis

Getting the Most Out of this Guide

Accessing Sample Documents

Graphic conventions structuring the tasks

Graphic conventions indicating the configuration required

Graphic conventions used in the table of contents

Graphic Conventions Structuring the Tasks

allows you to switch back to the full-window viewing mode

Graphic Conventions Indicating the Configuration Required

Indicates functions that are...

specific to the P2 configuration

specific to the P3 configuration

Graphic Conventions Used in the Table of Contents

Gives access to...

File -> New identifies the commands to be used.

Enhancements are identified by a blue-colored background on the text.

How to Use the Mouse

Whenever you read...

Select (menus, commands, geometry in graphics area, ...)

Check (check boxes)

Drag and drop (icons onto objects, objects onto objects)

Right-click (to select contextual menu)

Changing Manikin Display Attributes

In the toolbar, select the Changes the Display of a Manikin icon

and in the 3D view or the specification tree,

To change the manikin display, select the appropriate toggle button.

Various display types can be selected at the same time.

Manikin Creation or Insertion

3. Select the icon Inserts a new Manikin,

from the Manikin Tools toolbar, or from the Insert pull-down

The New Manikin Dialog box

1. Go to the Start menu (see below).

3. From the Insert menu, select New Manikin.

in the Manikin Tools toolbar.

icon to make the whole manikin fit the viewpoint.

Please note that the Father product cannot be another manikin.

2. Select the Create a Manikin icon.

Select the Father product in the Manikin tab as described above. In

4. Note the enhanced appearance of the head.

and the spine model.

1. To save a manikin select File > Save As...

Creating a Forearm/Hand Model

1. From the Insert menu, select New Manikin.

in the Manikin Tools toolbar.

2. The New manikin dialog box appears.

4. Select the OK button. The selected forearm/hand model appears.

use the Posture Editor on the forearm