Optimization of interface radio UTRAN of network UMTS

Pr A khirddine
Department Electrical Engineering
Laboratory electrical engineering
University of A.MIRA Bejaia, Algeria
abdelkrim.khired@gmail.com

O.Mohamed Amine
Department Electrical Engineering
Laboratory electrical engineering
University of A.MIRA Bejaia, Algeria
ouamrimouhamedamine@gmail.com

Abstract :
transmission speeds being able to reach
(2Mbits/s) of mobility reduced, and
quality improves of telephony with a
quality close to that to fixed telephony.

The operators telecoms always seek to satisfy

on the one hand their customers on the other
hand they try to acquire a use optimal of the
equipment deployed thus the optimization of
the networks became essential

II.

This project consists in optimizing a network

3G, whose zone of studies is a zone located at
the center of the town of Algiers
To conclude this work, it
of this familiarized
communication systems
components,
and
characteristics radios.

I.

of

network

1. Network architecture UMTS

initially was question

with the various
(3G), its principal
its
fundamental

key words : 3G, UTRAN,

Optimization, cell Networks.

Description
UMTS :

The total architecture of network UMTS

can be modelled of a point of seen
physical one using the concept of field to
speak about the equipment which
composes the network and the ways in
which they are delimited, and about a
point of seen functional one speaks
about layers in order to identify the
protocols implemented in these field so
that they can communicate between them

WCDMA,

Introduction :

The 3g is characterized by the will of the

industrialists of telecommunications to define
a standard on a world level, seen the increase
in the number of users, the incompatibility of
systems 2g between them (IS-95 and GCV
with the USA, GSM in Europe and the PDC in
Japan) and the limitation of the flows offered
(14.4 kb/s for the IS-95, 9.6kb/s for the GSM
and 144 kb/s for the GPRS). From this point
of view, these companies gathered within a
consortium called 3GPP (3rd Generation
Partenership Projet). What leads to a new
world standard which is the UMTS.

Figure 1: Total architecture of network UMTS.

(Mobile Universal telecommunication system)

is a technology which comes to combine with
the already existing networks such as the GSM
and the GPRS. This new normal leads to a
clear improvement

Network UMTS uses the network of

access UTRAN which is a link between
the user and the network heart via the
interfaces
.
1

The network of access UTRAN takes care of

assured:

The transfer of the data user ;

Radio stock management ;

the securisation of the data user ;

To ensure the communication during

the mobility of the user by estimating
hisposition;

As for duplex TDD, only one and single

frequency are used alternatively by both see
rising and downward.
In this type of mode, the emission and the
reception are done at the same frequency but
never at the same time, which wants to say that it
mobile emits during a time T1, then NODE- b
emits during another time T2.

The UTRAN is defined of a whole of

subsystem radio operator named RNS (Radio
operator Network Subsystem). Each RNS has
a RNC (Radio operator Network Controller)
which controls one or more NODE-b via
interface whereas RNCs are connected
between them via the interface .

Figure 4: Duplexing TDD

3. Access method radio operator WCDMA:
WCDMA (Wide Codes Multiple Division
access) is a technique of access derived from the
CDMA based on the spreading out of spectrum
per direct sequence. All the users emit on the
same radioelectric channel .large.bande, but
they are distinguished by a sequence of
spreading out pseudo-random, called code and
known by the receiver.

Figure 2: Network architecture of access.

2.

Duplexing :

Standard UMTS proposes two techniques of

duplexing:
Duplexing FDD (Duplex Frquency Divsion)
or the up lines and downward operates on
different frequencies in addition it is possible
of emmeter and to receive data at the same
time it during the band allocated will be
devis in two sub-bands.

Figure 5: Principle of the spreading out of

spectrum.
III.

Planning and optimization of network

UMTS:

Planning is the key operation of the success and

the control of a cellular network. It consists with

Figure 3: Duplexing FDD

2

given the number and the site of the sites and the
number of channels associated with each cell
with manner minimized the costs and the
resources taking account the density of the users
in each zone, and the improvement unceasingly
of the quality of service.

(4)
:
(

(5)

Number of sites :

1. Predimensioning :
The number of sites is calculated starting from
the surface of the site and the type of zone of
deployment.
The following figure illustrates the method
of calculation of the zone of the sites
starting from two hexagonal models of cell.

Require the collection of information which

relates to the zone of deployment such as
information detailed on the NODE and the
data geographical.
2. Dimensioning of cover :
The stages of dimensioning of cover are:
Assessment of connection RLB:
It gives the loss of authorized maximum way;
it is calculated starting from the equation:
For the UPlink voice:

(1)
For the voice dowlink :
Figure 6: Method of calculation of the zone

(2)

For an omnidirectional site, calculation is

done as follows:

Choice of the model of propagation:

The models of propagation make it possible to

estimate the value of the attenuation of the
way. They are used to predict the ray of the
cell starting from the maximum loss of
authorized way
In our case the model of propagation used is
that of Okumura-Hata given by the equation:
(

(6)

For a surface of :

(7)

For a site has three sectors :

(8)

(3)

For a surface of :

Ray of the cell :

The number of site is given by the quotient

between surface of the zone and surface of a
Site.

The maximum loss of way authorized allows

the calculation of the ray R (in kilometers) of
the cell by using the following equation:
3

(9)

Dimensioning of capacity:

The dimensioning of capacity makes it

possible to find the capacity maximum
which can be supported by a cell
For the downlink:
( (

))

(10)

For the uplink:

Figure 7: outline general of the process of
optimization

(11)

In our case of study optimization A were

carried out A the capital of Algeria by using
the software time investigation.

Where Q is the charge of the cell of uplink

Dimensioning of RNCs :
The cycle of optimization as the diagram
shows it above starts with the supervision of
the performances through statistics (KPI), then
the analysis of these statistics to raise the
problems, then a total analysis of KPIs and
results of the courses of tests which will make it
possible to enumerate a certain number of
actions to be undertaken. After validation of
these actions, one takes again the cycle since
his beginning.

The number of NODE-b by RNC is worth:

(12)

)
(

)
(

(13)

Radio optimization uses two tools for

investigation:
IV.

Optimization of network UTRAN :

Radio optimization is one of the principal

stages of improvement of the performances of
the telecommunications networks. It consists of
several types of analyses and actions to
undertake to improve the network as well on
the level of the cover as of the quality of the
radio operator link.

Statistics
Drive tests

1. Statistics:
The statistics are the most effective manner to
supervise the performances of the network.
Collection A was made with the software (time
investigation) and the indicators of
performances raised in our case of studies are:

Accessibility and admission ;

Traffic ;
Maintainability ;

1.1. Accessibility :

Total UL Traffic

It is the possibility for the user of establishing a

call, therefore to reach the network, when he wants,
and where he wants it. It is calculated in network
UTRAN on two stages: RRC and RAB, and
compared to various services. The graph below
gives the percentage of establishment of a
connection RRC and the RAB compared to the
services required by the user in different cell from
study.
100,50
100,00
99,50
99,00
98,50
98,00
97,50
97,00
96,50

400 000,00
300 000,00
200 000,00

Total UL
Traffic

100 000,00
0,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

OverAll PS
Accessibility

Total UL Traffic

RRC_SUCCESS

400 000,00
300 000,00

RAB
_HS_SUCCESS

200 000,00

RAB
_PS_SUCCESS

Total UL
Traffic

100 000,00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Establishment of a connection RRC and RAB

The rate of success of a connection RRC is

calculated by:
[

]
[

HSDPA
1 500 000,00

(14)

1 000 000,00

The rate of success of a connection RAB is

calculated by:

HSDPA

500 000,00
0,00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

(15)

1.3.

Maintainability :

1.2. Traffic:
It is defined as being the capacity of the user to
maintain his service or its phone call once
connected for the wished duration, without
being disconnected by the network.

In fact the KPI measures the flow of works on

the cells, one distinguishes calls PS, HSDPA and
HSUPA, like one measures also total flow going
up as well as the downward flow.

Speech_Drop_Rate

(18)

3,00

2. Drive test :
2,00
Speech_Dro
p_Rate

1,00

The Drive test also makes it possible to note the

state of the quality of network UMTS and offers
the possibility for improvement in terms of
cover.

0,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

The c u t -off rate of the w a y i s given by t h e

formula:
[

(16)

HS Drop Rate ( HSDPA)

2,50

Figure 8: Equipment of drive test

2,00
1,50

HS Drop
Rate (
HSDPA)

1,00
0,50

Drive the test passes by two stages :

0,00
1

SSV (Single Site Checking)

The CV (Cluster Verfication)

During our investigations the events recorded

during drive the test are:

The equation which gives the cut-off rate

HSDPA:

a) Miss power of the signal:

[

(17)

PS Drop Rate
15,00
10,00
PS Drop Rate

5,00
0,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Figure 9: level of the signal receipt (RSCP)

The equation which gives the cut-off rate of
the calls PS is:

Solution of the problem:

In this problem one proposes also Down tilt
antennas of transmission The other problem
recorded in the area of Blida (common of
Beni Yesser) is caused by a congestion due to
a unavailability of resources in this zone.
The solutions suggested with this problem are:
Down tilt to decrease the zone of cover
Addition another frequency, thus will
have two of them frequency in the site to
improve the capacity and thus to have the
possibility of dividing the users on the
sectors (resource sharing).

Figure 10: Adjustment of the azimuth and the tilt

b) Missing Neighbors and interferences :

c) ) Pilot pollution:
The pilot pollution is generally due to the
interferences which can be met in the cells or
one has a level of high signal but with a bad
quality.

Figure 11: miss relation of vicinity

To cure the problem of vicinity, the solution is
to operate a modification of the configuration
of the cell 164240 by best of declaration of its
vicinity with cell 164453.
Figure 13: Pilot pollution

The most possible solution for this type of

problem is to make a readjustment on the level
of the close sites, to operate an update of the
tilts cells which cause interferences, or to carry
out readjustments on the close level of the
sites.

Figure 12: problem of interference

7

V.

Conclusion:

The study that we carried out in this works,

revealed all the importance and the difficulty of a
spot as that of the optimization of networks 3G.
Our investigations in this field led us to
include/understand the functionalities of the
physical layer of the networks in order to of
maitriser the access methods based on the
WCDMA used in Releases 99 and R5
(technology HSDPA). In addition, we studied
and analyzed the various processes of planning
and optimizations of the
network of access as well as the tools used in
practice by public operator MOBILIS.
This study thus allowed us to look further into
our knowledge in the field of the mobile
networks, in particular on the various evolutions
achieved in radio operator the access part, on the
constraints and the advantages of migration
towards rising generation, like on the technicoeconomic stakes.

References
[1] Pierre LESCUYER principe, architecture et services de
lUMTS , DUNOD, 3me dition, 2006.
[2] Javier SANCHEZ, Mamadou THiOUM UMTS Release
5, 6,7, 3G, HSUPA, LTE Hrmene science publications
2me dition
[3] WCDMA Radio Access Network Optimization
document Ericsson 2011
[4] WCDMA Access Problms Analysis document Ericsson
2011
[5] WCDMA Air Interface document Ericsson 2008
[6] Julien CHAMBILLE, Franois PONTVIANN, Dominique
TRAN Tlphonie de Troisime Gnration , universit
paris sud11, 30/03/2007.
[7] UMTS Signaling, and optimization document Ericsson