PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R4.4 Description - TOP18063 - V2.0-SG-R4.4-Ed1

PFE (Power Feed Equipment)
R 4.4 Description
Student Guide
TOP18063_V2.0-SG-R4.4- Edition 1
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Course outline
4. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
WelcomeOverview
to PFE (Power Feed Equipment)
1. Product
1.
R 4.4
Conditions
Description
for Supplying a Submarine Link
2. System General Description
1. Product
Overview
3.
Unit Description
1. Conditions for Supplying a Submarine Link
2. Operation & Maintenance Tasks Overview
2. System General Description
1. Maintenance Tasks Overview
3. Unit Description
2.
Operation
Tasks Overview
2. Operation
& Maintenance
Tasks Overview
3. Appendix
1. Maintenance Tasks Overview
1. Appendix
2. Operation Tasks Overview
3. Appendix
1. Appendix
3
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COPYRIGHT ALCATEL-LUCENT 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Course objectives
PFE completion
(Power Feed
Upon
of thisEquipment)
course, you should be able to:
R 4.4 Description
Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:
4
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TOP18063_V2.0-SG Edition 1
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@@SECT
LE
Section 1
Product Overview
Module 1
Conditions for Supplying a Submarine Link
TOP18063_V2.0-SG-R 4.4-Ed1 Module 1.1 Edition 1

R 4.4 Description
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR

Section 1 Module 1 Page 1
Blank page
112
Product Overview Conditions for Supplying a Submarine Link

PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R 4.4 Description
This page is left blank intentionally
Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
YYYY-MM-DD
Last name, first name
First edition

Module objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Evaluate the voltage required to supply a given submarine link
113

Module objectives [cont.]
114

Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Submarine Cable System Overview
1.1 Network Powering Topologies
1.2 Submarine Link Elements
1.3 Power Feeding Conductor
2 Line Voltage Calculation
2.1 Elements of Calculation of the Line Voltage
3 Regulation Modes
3.1 Operating Mode
3.2 Current Control Characteristics
115

Page
8
9
10
11
12
13
20
21
22
Table of Contents [cont.]

116

Blank Page
117

Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
2010-24-08
ROUDIER, Gilles
First edition
MARECHAL, Eric
Second edition
02
2012-15-09

118

1.1 Network Powering Topologies

Point-to-point link
IL
PFE B
PFE A
Multi-point link
BU1
IL
BU2
PFE B
PFE A
IL
IL
PFE C
PFE D
119
Necessity of power supplying:

the submerged equipment units:
Repeaters (R)
Branching Unit(s) (BU), in case of need
by means of a current IL ,which must be:
Direct
Filtered
Regulated
This requires to install, in each station, a regulated current source -> the Power Feeding Equipment (PFE).
According to the cable system configuration, It is possible to consider :
A point-to-point link, where:
Two P.F.E.s are connected in series
The current IL supplies the repeaters
A multi-point link, where:
Three (or more) stations are inter-connected via one (or more) B.U.s
Two stations (2 PFEs) are connected in series to form the trunk.
The other station(s) is (are) autonomous to supply its own branch which is earthed at
the BU level.
The line current:
has the same level in each segment or branch
has for nominal value IN =
is regulated at 10 mA
must be permanent
uses the earth as return way
1.2 Submarine Link Elements

IL
BRANCH C
STATION A
BRANCHING
UNIT
REPEATER
SLTE
POWER
SUPPLY
MODULE
Power
Switching
and Supplying
module
BRANCH A
IL
IL
50 V
CURRENT SOURCE
BRANCH B
IL
1 1 10
The PFE has to:

compensate the voltage drop due to the cable.
power supply:
the repeaters,
the branching units.
At each submerged equipment level:
the power feeding conductor is interrupted.
a power supply module is inserted in series with the power feeding conductor; it has for purpose to
extract from the line current the power needed by the internal circuits :
amplification and supervision circuits in a repeater,
switching and, possibly, amplification in a B.U.
For a repeater, the required voltage (V/Rep) is :
ALCATEL ( Il=1.1A )
1 sub-syst
11V
2 sub-syst
18 V
V / REP for
3 sub-syst 4 sub-syst
25 V
32V
6 sub-syst 8 sub-syst
46V
34V at 1.5A
For a Branching Unit:

The voltage drop (V/BU) due to the switching circuit is as follows:
Refer to the System Powering Spec of the contract for an accurate value.
BU Full Fibre R3.5 Voltage drop trunk (at 1A)
51 V
BU Full Fibre R3.5 Voltage drop spur (at 1A)
48 V

1.3 Power Feeding Conductor

Insulation and
Protection layers
Armour
Optical fibres
Power feeding
conductor
V / Km = ( / Km) x IL
1 1 11

The line current is applied to a special conductor which is a constituent element of the cable: the power
feeding conductor.
The resistance of this conductor varies between 0.70 ohm and 1.6 ohm per kilometer, according to the
constructor of cable.
Example:
Resistance per kilometer

AT&T
0.7 ohm to 0.8 ohm
ALCATEL
0.7 ohm to 1.6 ohm
PIRELLI
1 ohm
FUJITSU
1.3 ohm to 1.6 ohm
NOTE: This resistance is generally specified for a given temperature.

Ex.: R = 1 /km for T0 = 12C
The correction law is for a cupper conductor:
R1 = R0 [1 + 0.004 (T0 - T1)]
where R0 is the resistance at T0 C
and R1 is the resistance at T1 C
1 1 12

2.1 Elements of Calculation of the Line Voltage

50V
50V
VL
VC
IL
+
BU
Vi
R1
Rn
VRET
Vi
VRET
Earth Voltage
1 1 13

Elements of calculation of the line voltage

The line voltage, VL, takes into account:
The voltage drops due to the submerged units :
VC =Vcable +VREP (+VBU )
Vcable = voltage drop due to the cable itself

= V/km x Lkm =R/km x IL x Lkm
(Lkm must take into account the land cable length)
VREP = total voltage required to supply the n repeaters with the
number of sub-systems equipping the link in question
= n x V/REP
VBU = voltage drop due to the possible Branching Unit(s)
= VBU1 (+VBU2 + ....)
The voltage drops at each station level :

VINT = voltage drop due to the internal resistance of the equipment
VRET = voltage drop due to the current return circuit (sea earth)
Consequently, the line voltage will be such as:
VL = VC + 2VINT + 2VRET
VL = VC + VINT + VRET
In single-end feeding mode
In double-end feeding mode
P.F.E. Voltage
The PFE must be able to generate the line current IL in all circumstances and to face environmental disturbances: earth
potential fluctuations, storm, temperature variations, telluric currents, ...
For that, a virtual voltage - the earth voltage - (VEARTH) is taken into account and added to VL to determine the voltage rate of
the PFE:
VPFE = VL + VEARTH
VEARTH can be estimated from the length and the orientation of the link:
VEARTH
= 0.3 V/km max for a West-East link
= 0.03 V/km max for a North-South link
Exercise
Estimate the line voltage required to supply each
link making up a segment
1 1 14

Exercise
a Case of a point-to-point link
b Case of a multi-point link

LC = 6 km
LC = 4 km
LC = 6 km
A+
-B
R1
C
-
R40
LC = 5 km
2990 Km
4 fibres pair
A+
200 Km
4 fibres pair
3 rep.
400 Km
2 fibres pair
6 rep.
BU
LC = 4 km
800 Km
2 fibres pair
12 rep.
-B
N
Technical data:
The repeaters are supplied by ALCATEL
The cable resistance is 1 ohm/Km
The line current is 1 Amp.
In each station:
VINT = 5 V
VRET = 10 V
S
Evaluate the Power Feeding Voltage for the link A-B
1 1 15
Technical data:
The repeaters are supplied by ALCATEL
The branching unit is a Full fibre BU from ALCATEL
The cable resistance is 1 ohm/Km
The line current is 1 Amp.
In each station:
VINT = 5 V
VRET = 10 V
Evaluate the Power Feeding Voltage for: . the trunk A-B
. the branch C

Exercise : Case of Point-to-Point Link

Link / Trunk A-B
Cable
Submarine part
Land cable
part
Total
Repeaters
1 Sub-system
2 Sub-system
3 Sub-system
4 Sub-system
Branching Units
WDM BU
FF BU
Link / Trunk A-B
V/Km
Km
...........
...........
...........
.........V
Number
...........
...........
...........
...........
V/Rep
...........
...........
...........
...........
Number
...........
...........
V/BU
...........
...........
Cable
Submarine part
= ............V
Land cable
part
Total
Repeaters
= .........V
1 Sub-system
= .........V
2 Sub-system
= .........V
3 Sub-system
= .........V
4 Sub-system
Branching Units
= .........V
WDM BU
= .........V
FF BU
Km
2990
10
3000
V/Km
Number
...........
...........
...........
40
V/Rep
...........
...........
...........
32
Number
...........
...........
V/BU
...........
...........
Vc = .........V
Line Voltage
1V
3000 V
= .........V
= .........V
= .........V
=
1280 V
= .........V
= .........V
Vc =
4280 V
10 V
Line Voltage
VINT = ............ x 5 V
= .........V
VINT = 2 x 5 V
VRET = ............ x 10 V
= .........V
VRET = 2 x 10 V
20 V
VL =
4310 V
VL = .........V
PFE Voltage
PFE Voltage
VEARTH = ............ Km x V/KM
= ............V
VEARTH = 2990 Km x 0.3 V/KM
VPFE = ............V
1 1 16

897 V
VPFE = 5207 V
Exercise : Case of Multi-Point Link

Link / Trunk A-B
Cable
Submarine part
Land cable
part
Total
Repeaters
1 Sub-system
2 Sub-system
3 Sub-system
4 Sub-system
Branching Units
WDM BU
FF BU
Branch C
V/Km
Km
...........
...........
...........
.........V
Number
...........
...........
...........
...........
V/Rep
...........
...........
...........
...........
Number
...........
...........
V/BU
...........
...........
Cable
Submarine part
= ............V
Land cable
part
Total
Repeaters
= .........V
1 Sub-system
= .........V
2 Sub-system
= .........V
3 Sub-system
= .........V
4 Sub-system
Branching Units
= .........V
WDM BU
= .........V
FF BU
.........V
Number
...........
...........
...........
...........
V/Rep
...........
...........
...........
...........
Number
...........
...........
V/BU
...........
...........
Vc = .........V
Line Voltage
V/Km
Km
...........
...........
...........
= ............V
= .........V
= .........V
= .........V
= .........V
= .........V
= .........V
Vc = .........V
Line Voltage
VINT = ............ x 5 V
= .........V
VINT = ............ x 5 V
= .........V
VRET = ............ x 10 V
= .........V
VRET = ............ x 10 V
= .........V
VL = .........V
PFE Voltage
VL = .........V
PFE Voltage
VEARTH = ............ Km x V/KM
= ............V
VEARTH = ............ Km x V/KM
VPFE = ............V
1 1 17

= ............V
VPFE = ............V
Exercise : Case of Multi-Point Link

Link / Trunk A-B
Branch C
Km
1200
9
1209
V/Km
Number
...........
18
...........
...........
V/Rep
...........
18
...........
...........
= .........V
1 Sub-system
324 V
2 Sub-system
= .........V
3 Sub-system
= .........V
4 Sub-system
Number
...........
1
V/BU
...........
51
= .........V
WDM BU
51 V
FF BU
Vc =
1584 V
VINT = 2 x 5 V
10 V
VINT = 1 x 5 V
5V
VRET = 2 x 10 V
20 V
VRET = 2 x 10 V
10 V
VL =
1614 V
VL =
365 V
360 V
6V
VPFE =
371 V
Cable
Submarine part
Land cable
part
Total
Repeaters
1 Sub-system
2 Sub-system
3 Sub-system
4 Sub-system
Branching Units
WDM BU
FF BU
Cable
Submarine part
1V
1209 V
Land cable
part
Total
Repeaters
Branching Units
Line Voltage
Km
200
6
206
V/Km
Number
...........
...........
...........
3
V/Rep
...........
...........
...........
32
Number
...........
1
V/BU
...........
48
1V
206 V
= .........V
= .........V
= .........V
=
96 V
= .........V
=
48 V
Vc =
350 V
Line Voltage
PFE Voltage
PFE Voltage
VEARTH = 1200 Km x 0.3V/KM
VEARTH = 200 Km x 0.03 V/KM
VPFE = 1974 V
1 1 18

Notes Page only

1 1 19

3 Regulation Modes
1 1 20

3 Regulation Modes
3.1 Operating Mode

Doubleend feeding mode
VL
IL
PFE A
VA
PFE B
VB
Virtual 0V
Single-end feeding mode

IL
PFE A
+/-
PFE B
VA = VL
IL
PFE
1 1 21
BU
Double-end feeding mode:

this configuration corresponds to the normal supplying mode of a point-to-point link
both PFEs operate in voltage sharing
one PFE operates in current regulation
the current regulated at IN 10 mA
the opposite PFE operates in voltage regulation
it regulates its output voltage at a given level VB (i.e. VL/2)
the first PFE provides the complementary voltage and compensates the line voltage
fluctuations
VA = VL VB
both PFEs have opposite polarities
each PFE is able to produce the overall line power
both PFE operate in mutual stand-by mode
Single-end feeding mode:
this configuration is used in case of branch station
the link is fed from only one terminal station
the PFE operates in current regulation mode and generates the total line voltage
the cable is earthed at the opposite end
The PFE which supply the branch must be negative to avoid an oxidation of the earthling system at the
BU
this configuration can be required in point-to-point link in case of :
failure of any one PFE
maintenance operations in any station
cable fault

3 Regulation Modes
3.2 Current Control Characteristics

IN
PFE
PFE
Current
Regulation
Operating point in
double-end feeding mode
Operating point in
single-end feeding mode
Operating point in
I
+40mA
IN
-VSh
Virtual 0V
B
C
IN
-40mA
VShare
Current mode PFE

1 1 22
VSyst.
(VL )
G
E
D
VShare -100 V
Auto change from

voltage to current mode
VShare +100 V
+ VSh
Voltage
Regulation
VShare
0.75 VSyst. VSyst.

(VL )
Voltage mode PFE
In case of double-end fed system, both current sources can only work in series so long as the outputs of
both units are regulated to the same current level. In order to meet this requirement each PFE has to work
in a different regulation mode :
Current regulation mode : the PFE controls the current to within the allowed limits
Voltage regulation mode : the PFE operates at a predetermined output voltage and has no control over
the line current unless the line current it sees rises changes by 40mA
To configure the Power Feeding System in this situation the procedure consists to:
1. Ramp up the PFE which is designed to operate in current regulation mode:
the current and voltage increase progressively and simultaneously up to the single-end feeding
operating point (G);
Note that the ramp shape is a voltage mode but the PFE switches to current mode when it
passes the voltage mode switch point
The current rise is controlled at x mA/sec.
at G point, the PFE is locked in current regulation mode
NOTE: This sequence will be used also to ramp up a branch
2. Ramp up the PFE which is designed to operate in voltage regulation mode
the current and voltage increase quickly up to the double-end feeding operating point (C);
simultaneously, the voltage produced by the opposite PFE decreases to the same operating point
(C);
at C point, the second PFE is locked in voltage regulation mode.
Vsyst. is the voltage that the PFE may be expected to feed in a particular powering configuration when it is
not sharing with a distant PFE. On a primary trunk it will be the end-to-end voltage whereas on branches
and secondary branches it is the voltage to branching unit earth.
Vshare. is the voltage at which a PFE is expected to share when double end feeding. With no fault on the
trunk the share voltage can be set by the PFE, usually at approximately half the system voltage.
Exercise
In each case proposed hereafter, find how the PFE
will work in order to maintain the power in line by
following the current control characteristic.
10 minutes
1 1 23

Exercise : Voltage Mode PFE Failure

PFE
PFE
Current
Regulation
Operating point in
Operating point in
+40mA
C
IN
B
C
IN
-40mA
VShare
Current mode PFE

1 1 24
VSyst.
(VL )
G
E
D
VShare -100 V
Auto change from

VShare +100 V
Operating point in
Voltage
Regulation
VShare
0.75 VSyst. VSyst.

(VL )
Voltage mode PFE
If the PFE regulating the voltage fails, the opposite PFE increases automatically and immediately its output
voltage up to the line voltage level (point G).
IN
Operating point in
Operating point in
Hidden Solution
VShare
VSyst.
(VL )
Current mode PFE

Exercise : Current Mode PFE Failure

PFE
PFE
Current
Regulation
Operating point in
Operating point in
+40mA
C
IN
B
C
IN
-40mA
VShare
VSyst.
(VL )
Current mode PFE

1 1 25
G
E
D
VShare -100 V
Auto change from

VShare +100 V
Operating point in
Voltage
Regulation
VShare
0.75 VSyst. VSyst.

(VL )
Voltage mode PFE

If the PFE regulating the current fails, the opposite PFE:

decreases the current to IN - 40 mA with increasing its output voltage up to 75% of the total line
voltage (point E) or rated outout voltage-200V whichever is greater;
changes to current regulation mode (point F);
increases its output voltage to the total line voltage (point G).
Operating point in
I
+40mA
Hidden Solution
C
IN
-40mA
G
E
D
VShare +100 V
VShare -100 V
0
Auto change from

VShare
0.75 VSyst. VSyst.

(VL )
Voltage mode PFE

Module Summary
Repeaters and Branching Unit must be supplied by a regulated current
source : the PFE
In a point-to-point link:
Two PFEs are connected in series
a constant current supplies the repeaters
In a multi-point link:
Three (or more) stations are inter-connected via one (or more) B.U.s
Two stations (2 PFEs) are connected in series to form the trunk.
The other station(s) is (are) autonomous to supply its own branch which is
earthed at the BU level.
Regulation modes:
Current regulation : the PFE controls the current
Voltage regulation : the PFE has no control over the line current
1 1 26

Notes Page only

1 1 27

Self-assessment on the Objectives

Please be reminded to fill in the form
Self-Assessment on the Objectives

for this module
The form can be found in the first part
of this course documentation
1 1 28

End of module
Conditions for Supplying a Submarine Link
1 1 29

@@SECT
LE
Section 1
Product Overview
Module 2
System General Description

R 4.4 Description

Blank page
122
Product Overview System General Description

Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
2010-24-08
ROUDIER, Gilles
First edition
02
2012-15-09
MARECHAL, Eric
Second edition

Module objectives
Identify the units of the PFE
Describe the management tools
List the safety criteria
Explain the role of the system earth
123

124

Table of Contents
1 PFE Presentation
1.1 PFE Overall View
1.2 Functional Organization
1.3 Hardware Organization
1.4 PFE Surrounding
2 Management Tools
2.1 Management System Description
2.2 Operator Interface
3 Safety Criteria
3.1 Protection People
3.2 Alarms Thresholds
4 PFE Earth
4.1 System Earth
125

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7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
17
18
20
21
22

126

1 PFE Presentation
127

1 PFE Presentation
1.1 PFE Overall View
128
The R4.4 Control Panel uses a 15 Touch screen driven directly from the Power Unit Controller and
integrated software.

1 PFE Presentation
1.2 Functional Organization

CONVERTER CUBICLE
CONVERTER 6
P.U.1
CONVERTER 2
CONVERTER 1
CONTROL CUBICLE
CONTROL CUBICLE
CONVERTER 1
CONTROL
&
MANAGEMENT
DUMMY
LOAD
CONTROL
&
MANAGEMENT
CABLE
TERMINATING
CUBICLE
CONVERTER 2
CONVERTER 6
P.U.2
(duplicated PU)
CONVERTER CUBICLE
129
The PFE organization is modular, it depends on :

The power (the voltage and current) to be applied to the cable
The level of protection.
The PFE is composed by :
A Power Unit (P.U.) which convert the low battery voltage (50V) to high voltage with the help of DC-DC
converters
each converter is able to provide a power from 0 to 3 KW
Up to 6 converters can be connected in series, in order to provide the required line power: 3, 6,
9, 12, 15, 18 kW.
The P.U. can be duplicated in order to improve the operation safety. Both P.U. operate in current
sharing mode but each one is able to generate the nominal current.
If either P.U. fails, the other one supplies automatically the total line current
A dummy load unit, allowing to test locally the operation of the Power Unit(s)
A cable terminating unit which provides the following functions :
Termination of the submarine cable
Termination of the system earth cable
Monitoring of the station and sea earth currents
Protection against surge voltage on the earth circuits
An anti surge coil (always fitted) but not necessary wired in.

1 PFE Presentation
1.3 Hardware Organization
6 KW Unduplicated PFE
1 2 10
According to the power rate, the hardware configuration of a P.U. is chosen from:
The voltage required by the link and the nominal current.
Each converter supplies 3kW, and is strapped to optimize the voltage at different currents.
The safety voltage margin.
Because of the amount of heat generated in the converter cubicle, when equipped with 5 converters
running at 3kW, an improved heat management solution is implemented. The feature uses long-life speed
control fans to cool the converter by drawing air past the converter heat sinks, from the bottom of the
cubicle. Two new boards located at the top of the converter cubicle manage the fans (control of their speed
according to the temperature).
NOTE: In case of low power P.U. (3KW), the Dummy load is integrated in the Cable Terminating Cubicle.
1 PFE Presentation
1.3 Hardware Organization [cont.]
6 KW Duplicated PFE
1 2 11
According to the required protection level, the P.U. can be duplicated, as a general rule.
But it will be duplicated, in particular:
In case of link normally supplied in single-end feeding mode.
Ex: PFE supplying a branch in a multi-point system.
In case of a very long link, normally supplied in double-end feeding mode, but for which each PFE is
unable to produce, alone, the total line voltage.
Ex: A trunk for which VL = 16 kV. It will be supplied, from both ends, by two 12 kV with
duplicated P.U.

1 PFE Presentation
1.4 PFE Surrounding
MAINS
SMS
SLTEs
Measurements/
Alarms/Status
Optical
fibers
-50V Main
POWER
SUPPLY
(batteries,
Generating set)
Cable
Term.
H.V.
-50V Aux
PU 1
PFE
-50V Main
-50V Aux
OW
CABLE
PU 2
Earthy
line
Sea earth
1 2 12
Station earth
Power supply :
Each Power Unit is supplied from the station power plant by means of two 50 V lines:
a power line which feeds the power converters.
an auxiliary line which feeds the control, supervision and safety circuits.
The 50 V voltage is secured by means of 2 stand-by sources:
Batteries
Generating.
The limits accepted for this voltage are 40.5 V < Ve < 57 V.
Environment :
Cable: the Cable Terminating Cubicle is the interface between the cable and the high voltage source and
the transmission terminal equipment.
Supervision and Maintenance System. This computer:
Processes the current / voltage parameters received from the PFE
Manages the status and alarm data received from the PFE.
Earth : Two earth circuits are available:
The System Earth (or Sea Earth) which is the normal return earth
The Station Earth, which is the normal reference and protection earth for all equipments fitted in the
station
This earth can be used as return in case of failure in the system earth circuit.

2 Management Tools
1 2 13

2 Management Tools
2.1 Management System Description

The Control Panel performs a complete
set of management operations
The SMS can only recover the PFE events, 1350OMS-SN
alarms and measurements
1350OMS-EML
LAN
1620 LM
QB3*
QB3*
DCN
Control
Panel
PFE
Control
Panel
PFE
SLTE
SLTE
Submarine line
1 2 14

SMS : Submarine Management System (1350 OMS EML+1350 OMS SN)

DCN : Data Communication Network
1350 OMS SN : Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Network manager
1350 OMS EML : Alcatel-Lucent Node Manager
Monitoring and control from the Control Panel
The Control Panel performs a complete set of management operations:
Configuration
Fault management
Analogue measurement
Ramping sequence control.
As an option, the Control Panel access is controlled by a password to prevent unauthorized
operators invoking the power feeding sequences.
Monitoring from the SMS
The SMS displays a power feeding view of the submarine system.
The SMS recovers the PFE events, alarms and PFE measurements. The SMS displays this
information and stores it for long-term statistical analysis.
The SMS follows the ramping sequences. The SMS has currently no control on the power
feeding facilities (calibration, start/ stop ramping sequences, electroding, routing control)
The SMS does not manage the Alarm Concentrator.

2 Management Tools
2.2 Operator Interface
Supplies
Main
DC
Display
panel
Aux
DC
Polarity
Routing
Pos
On
Line
Pmpt
Alarms
Dfrd
Neg
Off
Line
Rec
Attn
Rec
Attn
6778
50.5
Output Voltage
Battery Voltage
Dummy
Load
1100
700
Output Current
Power Unit Current
Control
panel
1 2 15
Display panel
It provides status and alarm information.
Control panel
It uses a 15 Touch screen, mounted on a single panel, as the user interface. It is driven
directly from the Power Unit Controller with integrated software.
Remote Control Panel
As well as the local control panel, or instead of, it is possible to have a remote control panel on a
standard personal computer.
The remote control panel has identical functionality as the local control panel. The look is identical, but
with a mouse and keyboard replacing the pressure sensitive membrane buttons.
The remote control panel can be configured to monitor and control all PFE on the system, with a
summary window displaying the status of every PFE.
Access to Remote control is set using software interface. The remote control access is now acessible
via TCP/IP (LAN) on this release. For example, it is now possible to run the remote control panel via
any PC connected to the SMS (Remote Operator Position or Operator Position) using GoGlobal. The
SMS software will not allow PFE control.

Notes Page only

1 2 16

3 Safety Criteria
1 2 17

3 Safety Criteria
3.1 Protection People

Mechanical key interlocks
Ensures that access to high voltage cannot be obtained without the power being
switched off
1 2 18
Access to high voltage and high energy areas is secured by use of 3 kinds of devices:
Keys allowing or inhibiting any access to a high voltage circuit when this is working.
Micro Switches that trigger a shutdown.
On some door switches, the HV is shorted out by the switch: CC, CTC &DL doors.

3 Safety Criteria
3.1 Protection People [cont.]

Emergency shutdown loops
Cable
Terminating
Dummy
Load
Control
Cubicle
Cable
Terminating
Shelf
Front door
EMGY.SH.D
Rear door
Emergency Shut Down

push-button
Front door
Front door
EMGY.SH.D
Rear door
Safety micro-switch
Rear door
Front door
H.V. shelves
+ Rear door
PU 1
Converter
Cubicle
EMGY.SH.D
Rear door
Front door
Rear door
PU 2
Major
faults
EMERGENCY SHUT DOWN
1 2 19
CONVERTERS
TRIP OUT

Access to High Voltage and current areas is available via interlocked doors which are fitted with doors
switches. When they are opened the station supply circuit to the converters is switched off.
Safety interlocking arrangements protect personnel from exposure to high working voltage or laser light
beams.
Low voltage areas are modular in construction and are separated from the high voltage areas to facilitate
maintenance and testing.
A earth probe is supplied and each cubicle has an earth probe socket.
Emergency press button facilities are provided on the front and rear of the equipment.
All control are located on the front.
Emergency Shut Down circuits :
Both P.U.s are fitted with identical shutdown circuits.
EMGY SHD will shutdown both Pus always.
The opening of a door will only generally shut down that PU.
Provision is made for an remote emergency shutdown button, eg on the terminal station wall.

3 Safety Criteria
3.2 Alarms Thresholds

Shut down
See note
Operational
point
+ X (*)
+20mA
IN
ALARM
-20mA
-10%
Shut down
Imin
VSyst. + VSh
2
See note
-3%
0
1 2 20
+3%
-3%
+3%
VSh
VSyst.
ALARM
ALARM
VLim.
VSD.
(+20%) VL+500 V
VOUT
Shut down

Alarm thresholds
These alarms are dedicated as DEFFERED ALARMS.
The alarms below are relating to the line parameters:
Very low current alarm
: INom. -10 %
Low current alarm
: INom. -20 mA
High current alarm
: INom. +20 mA
Low voltage alarm
: Vope. - 3 % or 60 V whichever greater
High voltage alarm
: Vope. + 3 % or 60 V whichever greater
These alarms:
are calculated from VShare
or VSyst, whichever is the
closest.
can be inhibited.
Shutdown thresholds
The protection thresholds below are relating to the line parameters:
Very low current shutdown : IL Imin. It is set at 100mA.
High current shutdown
: (*) INom. + 110ma, +120mA, +160 mA or +170mA
All these 4 alarms are used in case of alarm or unit failure

High voltage shutdown
V liml. + 500 V, +600, +700 V or +800V
NOTES : Moreover, the line is protected against any over-voltage higher than 12 kV.

4 PFE Earth
1 2 21

4 PFE Earth
4.1 System Earth

System Earth is used in normal condition
In case of System Earth cable break, the two earths will be link together
within the PFE
For maintenance convenience, the earth configuration may be switched
without effecting traffic
Land
cable
Land
cable
Submarine cable
PFE A
PFE B
Earth
cable
Station Earth
1 2 22
System
Earth
System
Earth
Earth
cable
Station Earth
A dedicated PFE System Earth, separate from the Station Earth array is to be installed for the following
main reasons:
to prevent the corrosion of the Station Earth (mainly for negative PFE)
to increase the immunity to possible interference induced along the terrestrial cable route or generated
through the ground.
to prevent noise on the power feeding equipment effecting other equipment in the station.
For safety and redundancy reasons in the case of a System Earth cable cut, a clamping system will links
the two earths within the PFE and limit their voltage difference to 60V. The design of the PFE allows for
variations of this 60V limit if required on a contract.
R4.4 uses a new earth monitoring circuit which improves the earth measurement isolation.

Answer the Questions
Statements
True
False
The PFE which will operate in current mode is this one which is started at
first
A link requiring a 10 800 V voltage and supplied in double-end feeding mode
will be equipped with two 10 kV PFE
If the battery voltage supplying the PFE decreases to 35 V, the PFE shuts
down automatically
In normal operation, the return of current is made via the station earth
Access to high voltage areas is secured by mechanical key interlocks
The total line voltage is equally shared between both PFEs
The PU is duplicated to increase the PFE output voltage
Two PFE working in series operate in current sharing mode
The PFE which is powered at first is normally designed to feed a branch
In a multi-point system, it is necessary to install at least 2 bipolar PFE
1 2 23
Statements
True
The PFE which will operate in current mode is this one which is started at first
A link requiring a 10 800 V voltage and supplied in double-end feeding mode will be
equipped with two 12 kV PFE
If the battery voltage supplying the PFE decreases to 35 V, the PFE shuts down
automatically
False
In normal operation, the return of current is made via the station earth
Access to high voltage areas is secured by mechanical key interlocks
The total line voltage is equally shared between both PFEs
The PU is duplicated to increase the PFE output voltage
Two PFE working in series operate in current sharing mode
The PFE which is powered at first is normally designed to feed a branch
In a multi-point system, it is necessary to install at least 2 bipolar PFE

Module Summary
A PFE is composed by :
1 or 2 Power Unit(s)
A Cable Terminating Unit
A Dummy Load
The PFE can be manage by :

The Control Panel located on each PU
The SMS (monitoring only)
The protection people to high voltage is secured by :

Mechanical key interlocks
Emergency shutdown push-button
Micro Switches
System Earth is used in normal condition to close electrical circuit

1 2 24



for this module
1 2 25

End of module
System General Description
1 2 26

@@SECT
LE
Section 1
Product Overview
Module 3
Unit Description

R 4.4 Description

Blank page
132
Product Overview Unit Description

Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
2010-24-08
ROUDIER, Gilles
First edition
02
2012-15-09
MARECHAL, Eric
Second edition

Module objectives
List the functionalities of each unit contained in the PFE
133

134

Table of Contents
1 Power Unit
1.1 PU Functionalities
1.2 Power Conversion
1.3 Regulation Function
2 Cable Terminating Unit
2.1 CT Functionalities
2.2 Cable Terminating Unit Description
2.3 Fiber Handling
3 Dummy Load Unit
3.1 Condition of Use
3.2 Possible Arrangements
135

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7
8
9
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

136

1 Power Unit
137

1 Power Unit
1.1 PU Functionalities
Data exchange with an
other PU
Output polarity
selection
Power conversion/
regulation
Output parameter
monitoring
Over-voltage protection
PU
Powering-up
management
Electroding function
Supervision
Alarm management
Emergency shut down
management
138

The P.U. includes the facilities of the cable electroding for searching the location of the cable at the sea
bed.
amplitude adjustable from 0 to 200 m Amp
frequency adjustable from 3 Hz to 60 Hz precision of 0.01Hz.
The P.U. can be supervised continuously from the system surveillance equipment (SMS) via a QB3
interface, by transmitting:
the output current / voltage
the regulation mode
the status of the cable head
the alarms.
The power conversion function is implemented by modular converters.

1 Power Unit
1.2 Power Conversion

18 kW
FS2
OFF
FS3
ON
CONVERTER 6
AUXILIARY D.C. SUPPLY
MAIN D.C. SUPPLY
CONTROL SUPPLY
15 kW
+
CONVERTER 5
12 kW
+
CONVERTER 4
ESP
Bonding
Point
LOGIC D.C. SUPPLY
+
CONVERTER 3
9 kW
O FF LINE
ON LINE
ON
LIN E
O FF
LIN E
D UM M Y
LO A D
LO CKED
LO CKED
RO UTIN G SWI TCH LO CKING SYSTEM
6 kW
CONVERTER 2
Converter behind
panel
3 kw
+
CONVERTER 1
48 V Main
Control Cubicle
139
Converter Cubicle

Power conversion :
The high voltage is obtained by converting a low voltage into a high voltage (0 to 12 kV) by means of
1 to 6 DC-DC identical converters using the HF switching.
The conversion and regulation are driven from the control and management unit
Each converter :
Is fed from a low voltage (48 VDC)
Is able to provide a high voltage from 0 to 3 kW
Regulates its output current at IN
(N being the number of working converters).
The converters are connected:
In parallel at the input (low voltage) side
In series at the output (high voltage) side.
Because of the amount of heat generated in the converter cubicle, when equipped with 5 converters
running at 3kW, an improved heat management solution is implemented. The feature uses long-life
speed control fans to cool the converter by drawing air past the converter heat sinks, from the bottom
of the cubicle.

1 Power Unit
1.3 Regulation Function

IPU1
IN
Regulation
Loop
55% IN
PU1
START
Converters
PU1
I+V
COM1
I+V
COM2
I+V
LINE
t
IPU2
IN
PU2
PU2
I+V
Converters
Regulation
Loop
45% IN
START
1 3 10
General principle
The power converter regulation function is implemented by a regulation loop made up of:
A set of measuring circuits having for purpose to sample the current and voltage:
At the P.U. level
At the common output level.
This duplication of the monitoring circuit enables to cover all the PFE configurations:
Only one P.U. supplying the cable (or the Dummy Load) with the total line current
Both P.U.s working in parallel and sharing the total line current.
A Current Control Unit, located in the logic shelf, which receives and processes the I and V
values transmitted by the Monitoring circuits by optical fibres.
Current sharing between both P.U.s

Both Power Units operate normally in parallel with each one supplying a portion of the line
current.
In this case, the P.U. and Common Voltage / Current measurements are sent to the Current
Control Card where they are compared to their reference values.
Each P.U. regulates its output current at approximately half of the total current value
received from the common I/V monitoring boards.
Actually the common current is not exactly shared between both P.U.s:
The P.U. which is started at first generates 55 % of IN
The other P.U. generates 45 % of IN

Exercise
Specify the current and voltage values at different
points of the power path in each configuration
proposed hereafter
PU 1 is assumed started at first
10 minutes
1 3 11

Exercise : PU1&PU2 On Line
PU I & V
Monitoring
CNVR 1
CNVR 2
Common I/V
Monitoring 1
DUMMY
LOAD
PU 1
1000 mA
PU I & V
Monitoring
CNVR 1
IL
Common I/V
Monitoring 2
4840 V
CNVR 2
PU 2
1 3 12

550m
A
CNVR 1
2420V
PU I & V
Monitoring
550m
A
1000mA
4840V
Common I/V 4840V

Monitoring 1
DUMMY
LOAD
550m
A
CNVR 2
2420V
PU 1
Hidden Solution
550m
A
550m
A
CNVR 1
2420V
PU I & V
Monitoring
4840V
1000 mA
Common I/V
Monitoring 1
550m
A
CNVR 2
IL
4840 V
1000mA
2420V
PU 2

Exercise : PU1 on Dummy Load & PU2 On Line

1000 mA
Common I/V
Monitoring 1
PU I & V
Monitoring
CNVR 1
CNVR 2
DUMMY
LOAD
4280 V
PU 1
1000 mA
IL
Common I/V
Monitoring 2
PU I & V
Monitoring
CNVR 1
4840 V
CNVR 2
PU 2
1 3 13

1000 mA
1000mA
1000mA
CNVR 1
2140V
PU I & V
Monitoring
4280V
Common I/V
Monitoring 1
DUMMY
LOAD
4280 V
1000mA
CNVR 2
2140V
PU 1
Hidden Solution
CNVR 1
2420V
1000m
A
1000mA
1000mA
PU I & V
Monitoring
4840V
Common I/V
Monitoring 1
1000mA
CNVR 2
IL
1000m
A
2420V
PU 2

4840 V
Notes Page only

1 3 14

1 3 15

2.1 CT Functionalities
Connects power from

the Power Units to the
cable conductor.
Terminates the system

earth cable.
Monitors the station

and system earth
currents.
Cable
Terminating
Assembly
Terminates the duct

land cable.
Fibre handling
Protects against excess
voltage difference
between station earth
and system earth.
1 3 16
Connects the earthly line

from the PUs to either
Station Earth or System Earth.

2.2 Cable Terminating Unit Description

To Fibre termination shelf
Cable terminating shelf
PFE High Line
A
Door Safety
Interlock
Sea
Cable
Rack
Earth
Dedicated
Station Earth
PFE Earth line
Earth
Protection
Unit
Safety
Earth
Interlock
Fibre termination shelf
Earth Isolation
Shelf
SYSTEM EART H
System
Earth
M
O
N
I
T
O
R
Dedicated
Station Earth
Dummy Load door

or
Filling panel
Rack
Earth
1 3 17

The Cable Terminating equipment is made up of:

the Cable Terminating shelf which:
Connects the high voltage PFE output to the duct land cable
Routes the cable optical fibers to the Fiber Termination shelf.
the Fiber Termination shelf connecting the sea fibers from the duct cable to the fibers of the
Transmission Terminal units.
the Earth Isolation shelf where the earthy line is connected either to the system earth or to the station
earth in case of need.
NOTE : The cable head is also equipped with an open circuit link that can be removed to open circuit
the line for safety reasons when working on the line.
The open circuit link is standard.
R4.4 has a new cable terminating desing including new safety meter and reposition of line choke. A cable
discharge function is now available.

2.3 Fiber Handling
1 3 18

The Optical Fibre Distribution Unit facilitates the splicing of the incoming fibres from the cable manifold
equipment onto fibres to the SLTE. Splice and fibre management is carried out in trays within the unit. Each
tray can be withdrawn from the OFDU for ease of access. A lockable hinged front cover prevents
unauthorised access to the trays and fibres.
R4.4 includes a new smaller ODF unit.
WARNING:
THE LASER LIGHT SOURCES USED FOR THIS TYPE OF TRANSMISSION ARE
POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS TO EYESIGHT. EVERY PRECAUTION HAS BEEN TAKEN IN
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE TO ENSURE THAT DIRECT VIEWING OF THE LASER
BEAM IS PRECLUDED BUT USERS ARE ADVISED TO ENSURE THAT THEY ARE NOT IN
DIRECT LINE OF SIGHT WITH THE BEAM FROM ANY DISCONNECTED SECTIONS OF
THE OPTICAL PATH.

3 Dummy Load Unit
1 3 19

3 Dummy Load Unit
3.1 Condition of Use

Unduplicated PU
I
PU
VDL
D
L
Station
earth
Duplicated PU
I
PU1
VDL
PU1
D
L
PU2
PU2
1 3 20

The Dummy Load is designed to test the P.U.(s).

The conditions of this test depend on the PFE configuration:
The P.U. is not duplicated:
If necessary, the system must be reconfigured to supply the segment or the branch from an
other end
The cable is connected to the earth by setting the Routing switch to "Dummy Load".
The P.U. is duplicated:
only one P.U. has to be tested
the cable continues to be supplied by the other P.U.
both P.U. have to be tested
same situation as in case of duplicated P.U.

3 Dummy Load Unit
3.2 Possible Arrangements

Filter Panel
Cable
Terminating
Unit
Control
Terminating
Unit
Dummy
Load
Assembly
Motorized
Rheostats
Fan Assembly
(FU1)
Fan Unit
Dummy Load
Control Unit
Dummy Load
Controller
Dummy Load
Control Panel
High Voltage
Terminal Panel
6, 9,12,15 or 18 KW PFE
3 KW PFE
1 3 21
Fan Assembly
(FU2)

The high voltage from the Power Unit(s) is applied to a set of rheostats.
All the rheostats are connected in series to form a variable resistor by means of which it is
possible to make the P.U. output voltage move from zero to a level corresponding to the maximum voltage
available at the output of PFE.
Consequently the total resistance (and the number of rheostats) depends on the PFE output
current and voltage.
The dummy load is completed by:
a Filter panel, which connects the 50 VDC supply and includes a 50 V low-pass filter and an on/off
switch (S1)
a fan unit
a control unit which processes the data received from the P.U.s and generates the commands to
control the dummy load devices. This unit is of the same design as the alarm concentrator unit. In a
combine CT/DLC the function is performed by the alarm concentrator at the top of the cubicle.
R4.4 includes a new fan control processing.

Notes Page only

1 3 22



for this module
1 3 23

End of module
Unit Description
1 3 24

Section 2
Operation & Maintenance Tasks
Overview
@@SECT
LE
Module 1
Maintenance Tasks Overview

R 4.4 Description

Blank page
212
Operation & Maintenance Tasks Overview Maintenance Tasks Overview
Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
2010-24-08
ROUDIER, Gilles
First edition
02
2012-15-09
MARECHAL, Eric
Second edition

Module objectives
Describe the main maintenance tasks
213

214

Table of Contents
1 Power Unit Routing
1.1 Routing Configurations
2 Powering Up Sequences
2.1 Power Configuration Number
2.2 Ramp-Up Procedure with BU R3.5
2.3 Sequence Description
3 Electroding
3.1 Principle
4 Earth Selection
4.1 Earth Termination
215

Page
7
8
9
10
12
15
17
18
19
20

216

217

1.1 Routing Configurations

A Power Unit can be route On Line, Off Line or On Dummy Load
5)
1)
PU1
COM1
COM2
PU2
4)
LINE
PU2
COM2
D.L.
PU1
COM1
LINE
PU2
COM2
D.L.
PU1
COM1
LINE
PU2
COM2
D.L.
PU1
COM1
LINE
PU2
COM2
D.L.
PU1
COM1
LINE
PU2
COM2
D.L.
D.L.
PU1
COM1
LINE
PU2
COM2
D.L.
7)
3)
COM1
LINE
6)
2)
PU1
PU1
COM1
LINE
PU2
COM2
D.L.
PU1
COM1
COM2
PU2
LINE
D.L.
218
8)
9)
The table below recaps the possible high voltage routing configurations according to the respective
positions of both routing switches.
Routing Switch
position in PU1
ON LINE
OFF LINE
DUMMY LOAD
Routing Switch
position in PU1
ON LINE
Configuration
1
OFF LINE
DUMMY LOAD
ON LINE
OFF LINE
DUMMY LOAD
ON LINE
OFF LINE
DUMMY LOAD

219

2.1 Power Configuration Number

PCN specifies the ramp and the running characteristics required for the
line :
Ramp
PCN
Shape
number
PCN Data
Ramping
rate
900mA two ended voltage

Rate
Sequence 1
Current
1: 13mA/s 900mA
Nominal
Current
System Voltage
Share Voltage
Limit Voltage
Vsys, Vshare,
Vlimit
Regulation
Mode
8334V
4167V
10000V
Mode Voltage
01 Oct 08
10:16:53
2 1 10
PCN (Power Configuration Number)

At each PFE a set of powering-up sequences is proposed to the operator to define:
The way for ramping-up the PFE.
The running characteristics.
PCN specifies the configuration that the system will be powered up in. In some situation the same
sequence number is used in several PCNs
CONSEQUENTLY, THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SEQUENCE AND THE PCN IS SPECIFIC
TO EACH STATION
The PCN specifies:
The current ramp shape.
The current ramping rate(s).
The regulation mode.
The level of the possible current step.
The System voltage (Vsyst) : the voltage that the PFE may be expected to feed, in a given
configuration, when it is not sharing with a distant PFE.
The Share voltage (Vshare) : the voltage at which a PFE is expected to share in double-end feeding
mode.
The limit voltage (Vlim) : the voltage at which the current starts reducing to zero ; it is set at Vsyst +
20 % or Vsyst + 400 V whichever is the greater.
PCN change in service to facilitate R3.5 BU configuration
Contrarily to previous BU releases, R3.5 BUs do not need to return to un-powered status to be
reconfigured, then, the system has to change from one PCN (power configuration number) to another in
service.

2.1 Power Configuration Number [cont.]
PCN 1
Used for powering up the system in its normal configuration
PCN 2 199
Used for powering up the system in case of cable fault
PCN 200-209
Generic PCN used to test the PFE
2 1 11
PCN 1 is always the sequence used for powering up the system in its normal configuration
Special PCNs for cable fault processing
In addition to the above specific powering-up sequences, a number of particular PCNs are designed to cover
the possible cables fault and restore the traffic on the healthy segments.
PCN 1 is the normal Powering; PCN 2 - 199 = fault configuration
Generic PCNs
In addition to the specific powering-up sequences, a number of generic PCNs are available which may be
used to test the PFE at its rated output voltage or be used in a powering configuration not covered by the
specific configurations. Not all generic PCNs will be available on all systems.
These PCNs are differently numbered:
PCN
Ramp Shape
200
Calibration
201
Dummy Load
202
Manual
203
Two Ended Current
204
Two Ended Voltage
205
Fast Trunk Voltage (NA on BU R3.5)
206
Slow Trunk Voltage (NA on BU R3.5)
207
Branch
208
Trunk Fault
209
Secondary Trunk (NA on BU R3.5)

2.2 Ramp-Up Procedure with BU R3.5

TA
TB
Initial situation
Tc
IN
TA
TB
+
VL
Step 1: Ramp-up the

PFE which supplies the
trunk in current mode
Tc
2 1 12

2.2 Ramp-Up Procedure with BU R3.5 [cont.]

IN
TA
+
VL - VSh
Step 2: Ramp-up the

trunk in voltage mode
TB
VSh
Tc
IN
TA
+
VL - VSh
Step 3: Ramp-up the

branch
VSh
IN
Tc
-
2 1 13

TB
2.2 Ramp-Up Procedure with BU R3.5 [cont.]

Line Current
W
Two ended Current/

Voltage Ramp shape
Required Nominal Line Current
Branch Ramp shape
500 mA
13mA/s
200 mA
s
Time
60 s V
2 1 14
The configuration of the BU does not depend on PFE power-up sequences at the Terminal Stations.
Starting from a system condition where all three cables to a BU are un-powered, the system and BU power
configurations are determined by the existing (previously set) configuration of the BU.
The pre-defined Trunk and Spur electrical paths can be powered up using fast ramp-up sequences, the
speed of which is determined by the PFE (typically 13mA/sec). In the absence of any faults in the system,
the order of power-up on the Spur and Trunk paths is unimportant.
From an electrical point of view, the Trunk path is independent of the Spur path. The line P-R represents a
typical electrical power-up sequence for the Trunk. The rate of increase of current is controlled by the PFE
and may be varied at any time during the power-up procedure with no impact on the BUs configuration.
As previously mentioned, the Spur electrical path is independent of the Trunk electrical path. The line V-W
represents a typical power-up sequence for the Spur electrical path. Again, the rate of increase of current is
controlled by the PFE. Variations in the rate of current increase are allowed at any time during power-up
with no impact on the BUs configuration.
NOTE: Discharge cable design for R3.5 BU application
Miss-operation of R3.5 BUs can lead a BU system to connect 2 PFEs of the same polarity and then no return
path for the current. This is equivalent to an open circuit situation and results in PFE shutdown and a very
low current alarm, but no discharge of the cable. For safety reasons and also to enable quick
reconfiguration, a cable discharge circuit with a resistance designed to withstand discharge is required.

2.3 Sequence Description

SEQUENCE NAME
TWO ENDED
CURRENT
PURPOSE
RAMP SHAPE
To ramp up the 1st PFE

designed to supply a doubleend fed segment.
Current regulation
IN
13 mA/sec
B
0
BU R3.5
TWO ENDED
VOLTAGE
The PFE starts in
voltage mode, but if
the voltage passes 75%
of Vsys, the PFE
changes to current
mode
To ramp up the 2nd PFE

designed to supply a doubleend fed segment.
Voltage regulation
IN
13 mA/sec
IN
A
BU R3.5
2 1 15
Normally both ends are started with a voltage mode ramp shape, but the first PFE to ramp will change to
current mode as it passes the 75% point, the second one to ramp will stay in voltage mode until the first
one is shutdown

2.3 Sequence Description [cont.]

SEQUENCE NAME
TRUNK
FAULT
PURPOSE
RAMP SHAPE
To ramp up the PFE designed to

supply a double-end fed
segment.
Current regulation
IN
It only used when there is

a shunt fault on the cable
13 mA/sec
IN
A
B
0
BU R3.5
BRANCH
To ramp up the PFE designed to

supply a branch in single-end
fed segment.
Current regulation
IN
13 mA/sec
IN
A+
-B
0
-C
2 1 16
-D

3 Electroding
2 1 17

3 Electroding
3.1 Principle
The Electroding is used to locate cable on the sea bed
Electroding activated
from the PFE
Cable
station
Cable Break
2 1 18
The electroding is used to locate cables on the sea bed.

A signal in the range of 4Hz to 50hz is transmitted down the submarine cable by the PFE when the repair
ship is in the vicinity of the cable area.
At these frequencies, the field of the signal extends into water surrounding the cable for a considerable
distance.
The ship would normally steer a course to cross the cable on the landward side of the expected fault
position.
Once the cable signal has been identified and confirmed, the ship follows the cable on a zigzag course until
the signal disappears. When this happens, the fault or break has been located.

4 Earth Selection
2 1 19

4 Earth Selection
4.1 Earth Termination

For maintenance purpose, a key operated switch allows 3 combinations:
Normal working : Earthy Line connected to System Earth
System Earth and Station Earth Shorted
Station Earth Only : System Earth isolated to allow System Earth Maintenance
Cable Earth
to System Earth
Earthy Line
D1
D6
60 V
D11
D12
2 1 20
Station Earth
Automatic connection of the PFE earthy line to station earth in the event of failure of the system earth.
For maintenance convenience, a key operated switch allows the following combinations:
Normal connected to System Earth, but with a 60V zener chain that comes into operation if the
System Earth fails. In addition, a 20mA bleed current is fed through the Station Earth. The bleed
current is alarmed if it falls below a threshold indicating that the Station Earth has failed.
System Earth and Station Earth shorted
Station Earth only this isolates the System Earth to allow System Earth maintenance.
The earth configuration may be switched without effecting traffic.
R4.4 uses a new earth monitoring unit which improves earth measurement isolation.



for this module
2 1 21

End of module
Maintenance Tasks Overview
2 1 22

Section 2
Operation & Maintenance Tasks
Overview
@@SECT
LE
Module 2
Operation Tasks Overview

R 4.4 Description

Blank page
222
Operation & Maintenance Tasks Overview Operation Tasks Overview

Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
2010-24-08
ROUDIER, Gilles
First edition
02
2012-15-09
MARECHAL, Eric
Second edition

Module objectives
Describe the main operation tasks
223

224

Table of Contents
1 Alarms
1.1 Alarm Severity
1.2 Alarm Management
2 Measurements
2.1 Current and Voltage Measurements
3 Logs
3.1 Event, Transient & Hit Measurement Logs
225

Page
7
8
9
11
12
13
14

226

1 Alarms
227

1 Alarms
1.1 Alarm Severity

Alarms are classified according to the severity:
Prompt (PMPT)
Potentially traffic effecting
Supplies
Main
DC
Deferred (DFRD)
Aux
DC
Polarity
Routing
Pos
On
Line
Pmpt
Dfrd
Off
Line
Rec
Attn
Rec
Attn
Neg
Fault tolerate by the system
228
Alarms
Dummy
Load
6778
50.5
Output Voltage
Battery Voltage
1100
700
Output Current
Power Unit Current
The alarms are discriminated according to the severity of the corresponding fault :
PROMPT (PMPT) alarm:

Traffic is potentially effecting (i.e. PU has shutdown).
Indicated by the PMPT LED on the Display panel.
DEFERRED (DFRD) alarm:

Initiated by a fault tolerated by the system.
Indicated by the DFRD LED on the display panel.

1 Alarms
1.2 Alarm Management

Actions that can be done:
Acknowledge (receiving attention indicator
will light)
Reset (clear alarm from the database)
Prompt alarms must be reset before rampingup the PU safely
Supplies
Main
DC
Aux
DC
Polarity
Pos
Neg
Routing
Alarms
On
Line
Pmpt
Dfrd
Off
Line
Rec
Attn
Rec
Attn
6778
50.5
Output Voltage
Battery Voltage
Dummy
Load
1100
700
Output Current
Power Unit Current
229
An alarm is acknowledged by activating the associated receiving attention function in the ALARM menu.
This acknowledgment is indicated by the corresponding (Prompt or Deferred) REC ATTN LED on the Display
panel and on the screen.
An alarm is cleared by activating the Reset function in the ALARM menu.
For safety reasons all alarms latch requiring an operator to reset them before the alarm is cleared.

Notes Page only

2 2 10

2 Measurements
2 2 11

2 Measurements
2.1 Current and Voltage Measurements
From Control
Panel
From display
Panel
2 2 12
The PFE shall display DC measurements of:

Line voltage (1 V resolution and accuracy)
Battery voltage (0.1 V resolution and accuracy)
Line current (1mA resolution displayed, but 0.1mA resolution and accuracy passed to SMS)Power Unit
current (1 mA resolution and accuracy)
The accuracy of each measurement shall be better than 0.1 % (except for the battery voltage, earth
current and earth voltage which are indicative)

3 Logs
2 2 13

3 Logs
3.1 Event, Transient & Hit Measurement Logs

3 different logs can be displayed by the operator:
Event log
Transient measurement log
Hit Measurement log
Example of event log

2 2 14
Each power unit maintains its own log. The logs can be displayed on the control panel, local or remote.
They can be downloaded to a PC using the log_pc function. In addition they can be downloaded to a pc
using a facility using log_pc. The resultant file is a simple text file, which can then be processed using Excel
or similar spreadsheet. This feature is particularly useful to analyse short term current and voltage
fluctuation recorded in the hit log. Log_pc can also be used to archive logs, although in normal operation,
the capacity on the micro unit appears to be many years of normal activity.
Events logged in a power unit:
State change
Alarm state changes
Routing changes
Operator Requests
With transient measurement log, current and voltage is monitored 10 000 times a second, so in a 10
seconds period about 100 000 measurements are obtained. The max and min are the highest and lowest of
these 100 000 measurements and the average is the average of the 100 000.
A Hit is a sudden change of current and/or voltage. It can be caused by external interferences such as
mains interference on the land route, lightning, cable damage or PFE failure



for this module
2 2 15

End of module
Operation Tasks Overview
2 2 16

@@SECT
LE
Section 3
Appendix
Module 1
Appendix

R 4.4 Description

Blank page
312
Appendix Appendix
Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
2010-24-08
ROUDIER, Gilles
First edition
02
2012-15-09
MARECHAL, Eric
Second edition

Module objectives
None
313
Appendix Appendix

314
Appendix Appendix

Table of Contents
1 Fault Diagnosis
1.1 Alarms Indications
315
Appendix Appendix
Page
7
8


316
Appendix Appendix

1 Fault Diagnosis
317
Appendix Appendix

1 Fault Diagnosis
1.1 Alarms Indications

ALARM 1 "Alarm unit 1 failed"
This indicates that the unit is not fitted, the supply to the unit has failed, or that there is a fault on the unit.
ALARM 2 "Alarm unit 2 failed"

ALARM 3 "Current control card failed"
ALARM 4 "Electrical Interface card failed"
ALARM 5
Not used.
ALARM 6
Not Used
ALARM 7 "PU very high current"
This indicates that the current measured by the PU monitor has exceeded the system line current by 110mA.
This may be due to an external influence (e.g. cable damage, external interference or lightning strike), a
measurement error or a PFE hardware fault. Power into dummy load and check current.
ALARM 8 "PU very high voltage"
This indicates that the voltage measured by the PU monitor has exceeded the PFEs rated output voltage by
500V. This may be due to an external influence (e.g. cable damage, external interference or lightning
strike),
fault. Examine the log for current and voltage changes.
3 1 8 a measurement error or a PFE hardware
Appendix by
Appendix
Retest
powering
into
dummy
load.
ALARM 9 "Common very high current"
This indicates that the current measured by the common monitor has exceeded the system line current by
160mA. If both PUs have the same alarm it may be due to an external influence (e.g. cable damage,
external interference or lightning strike), a measurement error or a PFE hardware fault. Retest by powering
into dummy load.
ALARM 10 "Common very high voltage"
This indicates that the voltage measured by the common monitor has exceeded the PFEs rated output
voltage by 700V. This may be due to an external influence (e.g. cable damage, external interference or
lightning strike), a measurement error or a PFE hardware fault. Examine the log for current and voltage
changes. Retest by powering into dummy load
ALARM 11 "PU low voltage"
This is an indication that the voltage measured by the common monitor has dropped by 60V or 3% (whichever
is the greater), this may be due to magnetic storm or cable damage. If required centre the 3% setting on the
control panel and check meters to ensure that the voltage is within limits.
ALARM 12 "PU high voltage"
This is an indication that the voltage measured by the common monitor has risen by 60V or 3% (whichever is
the greater), this may be due to magnetic storm or cable damage. If required centre the 3% setting on the
control panel and check meters to ensure that the voltage is within limits.
ALARM 13 "PU very high current - software backup"
This alarm should only be raised if the hardware alarm (alarm 7) has failed. This indicates there is not only a
fault that caused the current increase but also potentially a hardware fault for a detection failure. It is triggered if
the software detects that the current measured by the PU monitor has exceeded the system line current by 120
mA.

1 Fault Diagnosis
1.1 Alarms Indications [cont.]

ALARM 14 "PU very high voltage - software backup"
fault that caused the voltage increase but also potentially a hardware fault for a detection failure.
ALARM 15 "Low current"

This indicates that the current measured by the common monitor is 20mA below the system line current.
Connect both power units to line and check the alarm indications on both power units, if both are reading
the same it could be a line fault, if not suspect a faulty monitor unit.
ALARM 16 "High current"
This indicates that the current measured by the common monitor is 20mA above the system line current.
Connect both power units to line and check the alarm indications on both power units, if both are reading
the same it could be a line fault, if not suspect a faulty monitor unit.
ALARM 17 "Very low current"
This indicates that the current measured by the common monitor is more than 110mA below the system line
current. Examine the log for current and voltage changes. Connect both power units to line and check the
alarm indications on both power units, if both are reading the same it could be a line fault, if not suspect a
faulty monitor unit.
ALARM 18 "Common very high current - software backup"
fault that caused the current increase but also potentially a hardware fault for a detection failure. It is
triggered if the software detects that current measured by the common monitor has exceeded the system
line current by 170 mA.
3 1 9 19 "Common very high voltage - software
ALARM
backup "
Appendix Appendix
This alarm should only be raised if the hardware alarm (alarm 10) has failed. This indicates there is not only
a fault that caused the voltage increase but also potentially a hardware fault for a detection failure.
ALARM 20 "Current below minimum working level"
This is to shutdown the PFE if it detects what may be an open circuit condition on the cable. The current
and voltage is measured by the common monitor. The alarm is raised, and the power unit shutdown if one of
the following conditions is met:
Output current below 500mA or 100mA.
This is the simplest condition. The condition is disabled if the current is not expected to be above
the threshold (eg during ramping, shutting down, or when the current operator adjusted). To find the
value of the threshold on your PFE, on the control panel select options/configuration where the value
is displayed under Current below minimum threshold (ma).
Output current below 20mA and output voltage is too high.
This criterion is to detect the open circuit conditon even in cases where the operator has adjusted
the output current below the threshold in the condition above. This condition is disabled for PCN
202 to allow transient open circuits to be investigated. The output voltage threshold is set as
follows:
If the system voltage is less than 6000V then the alarm is triggered if
Output Voltage > (300 + ((System voltage)/10))
Otherwise (system voltage is more than 6000V )then the alarm is triggered if
Output Voltage > (300 + ((System voltage)/5))

1 Fault Diagnosis

Output voltage too high during ramp.
This condtion is to detect an open circuit during power unit ramp. Th distant PFE may be set to the
wrong polarity, which, because of blocking diodes may look like an open circuit. This condition is
disabled for PCN 202 to allow transient open circuits to be investigated. The alarm is triggered if
the output voltage is greater than a maximum voltage in relation to the current. A generic
algorithm is used which takes account of the output current and the system voltage which is specified
withion the PCN data. System voltage is made up of 2 elements, the voltage due to the cable
resistence, and that voltage due to the zeners in the repeaters. The limits used in this algoritm are
as follows:
Ramping voltage due to cable resistance.
Vmaxres = ( 0.8 * System_Voltage * common_current ) / normal_line_current
Ramping voltage due to repeater zeners.
Vmaxzeners = 0.6 * System_Voltage
So the alarm is triggered if:
Output voltage during ramp > (Vmaxres + Vmaxzeners )
It can be seen that at normal line current, Vmax is (0.8 + 0.6) system voltage, whereas for any
specific system Vres + Vzeners = 1.0 system voltage. This margin is to allow this generic algorithm to
be used. In real systems there is a large variation in the ratio of the two voltage components.
It should be noted that this condition may be met if ramping into a dummy load set too high for the PCN
being used. For example if the dummy load is set for 2500V, and the power unit is being ramped with PCN1
which has a system voltage of 500V, this alarm will be raised. The dummy load will need adjusting before
using PCN1 again.
3 1 10
Appendix Appendix
ALARM
"PU current
share"
PFE (Power 21
Feed Equipment)
R 4.4 Description
This alarm is raised when one power unit is feeding more than 60% of the line current but with both power
units routed the same e.g. only one is powered up. Check the current monitors, if these are serviceable
check the current control unit.
ALARM 22 "Earth current unbalance"
This indicates that the current in the earthy line measured by the earth current unbalance monitor is 50mA
different from the current in the high voltage line measured by the common monitor. The alarm may be
triggered by external interference or by errors in the monitors. Select measurements/monitors on the
control panel to display the actual values being measured. If the earth and common are indeed significantly
different, then there may be a fault with the monitors themselves. But if the monitors are ok, then there
may be leakage to earth within in the converters or power unit prior to the monitor circuits. The alarm is
intended to detect earth leakage in the power unit.
ALARM 23 "System to station earth voltage limit exceeded"
Read the system (to station) earth voltage on the control panel. The threshold is set to 53V. If a genuine
fault switch to station earth and check system earths.
ALARM 24 "Battery volts low"
This indicates that the battery voltage as measured on the Battery Voltage DPM is less than 40V. Check the
battery charging voltage and condition of the batteries (i.e. loss of cells). Otherwise may be a DPM failure.
ALARM 25 "Battery volts high"
This indicates that the battery voltage as measured on the Battery Voltage DPM is greater than 60V. Check
the battery charging voltage and the batteries for signs of over charging (i.e. overheating and bubbling).
Otherwise may be a DPM failure.
ALARM 26 "CC or PCC door open"
Check the position of the doors and close if open, if not check the door switches.
ALARM 27 "PFE routeing switch door open"
Check the position of the door and close if open, if not check the door switch.
1 Fault Diagnosis

ALARM 28 Other PU Control Cubicle door open
This alarm is only raised if the routeing of both power units is the same. Check the position of the door and
close if open, if not check the door switch. Alternatively change the routeing of the other power unit.
ALARM 29
Not used.
ALARM 30 "Dummy load door open"
This alarm is only raised when routed to dummy load. Check the position of the door and close if open, if not
check the door switch.
ALARM 31 "CTC cable terminating shelf door open"

Check the state of the door and lock if required, otherwise check the door switch.
ALARM 32 "Line voltage protector triggered"
This indicates a voltage surge on the power unit high voltage output as measured at the line voltage
protector.
ALARM 33 "Earthy line protector triggered"
This indicates a voltage greater than approximately 80V between the high voltage earthy line and station
earth as measured at the PU earth voltage protector.
ALARM 34 "Emergency shutdown button activated"
This indicates that the EMERGENCY SHUT DOWN button (at any position) has been pressed and does not
necessarily indicate a fault on the power unit.
3 1 1135 "Shutdown"
ALARM
Appendix Appendix
This indicates that the power unit has shut down and does not necessarily indicate a fault on the power unit.
It is also displayed when the logic shelf is first switched on.
ALARM 36 "DC input shelf FS1 failed (Main 50v - back)"

This is located at the back of the DC input shelf. Check the fuse, and if failed, check the input insulation for
short circuits. See section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for fuse replacement procedure.
ALARM 37 "DC input shelf FS2 failed (Main control supply - front)"
This fuse feeds the logic shelf power supply units and other parts of the power unit control that require 50V.
It is supply shared with the the auxiliary supply, with diode protection on the FMU. Check for other fuse
alarms (alarms 41 to 46) and if present suspect appropriate unit, otherwise replace FS2 at the front of the DC
input shelf. If the fuse fails again check the power supply units, FMU etc for drawing too much current. See
section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for fuse replacement procedure.
ALARM 38 "DC input shelf FS3 failed (Aux control supply - front)"
This fuse feeds the logic shelf power supply units and other parts of the power unit control that require 50V.
It is supply shared with the the main supply, with diode protection on the FMU. Check for other fuse alarms
(alarms 41 to 46) and if present suspect appropriate unit, otherwise replace FS3. If the fuse fails again check
the power supply units, FMU etc for drawing too much current. See section Erreur ! Source du renvoi
introuvable. for fuse replacement procedure.
ALARM 39 "Logic shelf FS4 failed"
This fuses the +12 V supply from the logic shelf power supply units that feeds the control panel and optical
interface pba. As this fuse supplies the control panel, if there is a real fuse failure the control panel will be
blank. If the control panel is working, then clearly there is a failure in the fuse failure reporting circuit on
the FMU or alarm unit, otherwise replace FS4. If the fuse fails again check the control panel optical
interface pba for drawing too much current. See section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for fuse
replacement procedure.

1 Fault Diagnosis

This fuses the +12 V supply from the logic shelf power supply units that feeds the DPMs. If the DPMs still
appear to be working, then clearly there is a failure in the fuse failure reporting circuit on the FMU or alarm
unit, otherwise replace FS5. If the fuse fails again check the DPMs. for drawing too much current. See
section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for fuse replacement procedure.
This fuses the +12 V supply from the logic shelf power supply units that feed the PUC, CCU and monitor
shelf. Replace FS6. If the fuse fails again check the units it feeds for drawing too much current. See section
Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for fuse replacement procedure.
This fuses the -12 V supply from the logic shelf power supply units that feed the PUC and CCU. Replace FS7.
If the fuse fails again check the units it feeds for drawing too much current. See section Erreur ! Source du
renvoi introuvable. for fuse replacement procedure.
This fuses the +5V supply to the current control unit (CCU), alarm unit 2 and logic shelf termination resistors.
Replace FS8. If the fuse fails again check the units it feeds for drawing too much current. See section
Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for fuse replacement procedure.
This fuses the +5V supply to alarm unit 1, electrical interface unit, the optical interface pba receivers and
the (unused) PUC utilities such as mouse, video, USB. Replace FS9. If the fuse fails again check the units it
feeds for drawing too much current. See section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for fuse
replacement procedure.
3 1 12
Appendix Appendix
ALARM
"Logic Rshelf
FS10 failed"
PFE (Power 45
Feed Equipment)
4.4 Description
This fuses the 50V supply to the monitor shelf and the high voltage switch stepper motor drives on the key
exchange shelf. Replace FS10. If the fuse fails again check the units it feeds for drawing too much current.
See section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for fuse replacement procedure..
ALARM 46 "Logic shelf PSU 1 failed (left)"
This converts 50V input to the lower voltges required by units within the power unit. Its outputs are wired to
share the outputs from PSU2. Replace the unit.
ALARM 47 " Logic shelf PSU 2 failed (right)"

This converts 50V input to the lower voltges required by units within the power unit. Its outputs are wired to
share the outputs from PSU1. Replace the unit.
ALARM 48 to 53
Not used
ALARM 54 "PU has shutdown"
This is the only prompt/major alarm on the PFE. It is raised if the software determines that the power unit
has shutdown. The criteria that it uses is that the power unit current has dropped below 100mA. The alarm
is disabled on operator requested shutdown, if the power unit is routed to dummy load, or the state is hot
standby. Observe other alarms that are displayed and determine the root cause.
ALARM 55
Not used.
ALARM 56 "No status signal received FROM converter 1"
An optical fibre is used to carry the converter status from the converter to the control shelf optical interface
unit. This alarm indicates that the control shelf is not receiving a signal. The possible causes are:
No 50V is getting to the converters optical circuits. This may be due to a fuse failure FS1 or FS2
within in the converter or other supply problem.
The optical fibre path is broken, due to a fibre or connector fault.
The optical transmission circuit on the converter is failed.
The optical receive circuit on the control shelf is failed.
1 Fault Diagnosis

ALARM 57 " Converter 1 electronic fail "
Restart and check, if alarmed again, check FS3 and FS4 in the converter. If the problem persists, replace the
converter with the spare.
ALARM 58 "Converter 1 low output current"

Restart and check, if alarmed again replace the converter unit. Please note this alarm will be raised when
the converter is operating at line current less than about 250mA.
ALARM 59 "No control signal received BY converter 1"
An optical fibre is used to carry the control signal to the converter from the control shelf optical interface
unit. This alarm indicates that the converter is not receiving a signal. The possible causes are:
The optical fibre path is broken, due to a fibre or connector fault.
The optical transmission circuit on the control shelf is failed.
The optical receive circuit on the converter is failed.
This alarm is disabled when in the shutdown state because there is no control signal in that state.
Refer to Alarm 56.
ALARM 61 "Converter 2 electronic fail "
Refer to Alarm 57.
Refer
to Alarm 58.
3 1 13
Appendix Appendix
PFE (Power 63
Feed Equipment)
R 4.4 Description
ALARM
"No control
signal received BY converter 2"
Refer to Alarm 59.

Refer to Alarm 56.
Refer to Alarm 57.
Refer to Alarm 58.
Refer to Alarm 59.
Refer to Alarm 56.
Refer to Alarm 57.
Refer to Alarm 58.
Refer to Alarm 59.
Refer to Alarm 56.

1 Fault Diagnosis

Refer to Alarm 57.

Refer to Alarm 58.
Refer to Alarm 59.
Refer to Alarm 56.
Refer to Alarm 57.
Refer to Alarm 58.
Refer to Alarm 59.
ALARM 80 "routeing switch failed to change position"
Check that the interlock keys are in the correct operating positions. If correct repeat the operation. If this
still fails, switch the logic shelf power off and on.
ALARM 81 "routeing switch in invalid position"
3 1 14

Appendix the
Appendix
Repeat
operation. If this still fails, switch
the logic shelf power off and on.
ALARM 82 "routeing switch inconsistent position information"

The switch position is monitored by the PUC in both power units. The PUCs compare the relevant positions
using the inter-PU link. If they disagree both power units should raise the alarm. The alarm may indicate
that the micro-switch on one of the routeing switches or the associated circuitry has failed. If the alarm can
be reset, repeat the operation to see if the fault can be reproduced. Operate the switch again to change
position.
ALARM 83 "routeing switch comms failure "
This indicates that there is a common failure between the PUC and the stepper motor drive unit.
ALARM 84 "Polarity switch failed to change position"
Repeat the operation. If this still fails, switch the logic shelf power off and on.
ALARM 85 "Polarity switch in invalid position"
Repeat the operation. If this still fails, switch the logic shelf power off and on.
ALARM 86 "Polarity switch inconsistent position information"
The switch position is monitored by the PUC in both power units. The PUCs compare the relevant positions
using the inter-PU link. If they disagree both power units should raise the alarm. The alarm may indicate
that the micro-switch on one of the polarity switches or the associated circuitry has failed. Operate the
switch again to change position.
ALARM 87 "Polarity switch comms failure"
This indicates that there is a common failure between the PUC and the stepper motor drive unit.
ALARM 88
Not used

1 Fault Diagnosis

ALARM 89 "Power up ramp step failed"
At the end ofSwitch
a ramp, the
checks
that the current has reached the correct level and that the level is
to PUC
notes
view!
constant. This alarm is raised if the current is not correct. This may be due to a cable fault or a hardware
fault within the PFE.
ALARM 90 "Ramp end of step unstable"
Refer to Alarm 89.
ALARM 91 to 94
Not used.
ALARM 95 "Ramp failed - current control card fault"
This alarm is raised by the current control card when it stops getting responses from a monitor. So the fault
may lie with a monitor card, the optical cords to or from the monitors or the current control card itself.
ALARM 96 "Station and system earths shorted"
This indicates the position of the switch on the CTCs earth isolation shelf and is not a fault condition. If
required change the switch position. If the alarm persists despite the switch position suspect the position
detection circuit on the cable terminating cubicle.
ALARM 97 "Running on station earth only"
This indicates the position of the switch on the CTCs earth isolation shelf and is not a fault condition. If
required change the switch position. If the alarm persists despite the switch position suspect the position
detection circuit on the cable terminating cubicle.
ALARM 98 "CTC controller supply FS1 failed (back top CTC)"
3 1 15
Appendix
Appendixfeeds the earth isolation shelf and the 5V power supply unit in the alarm concentrator shelf. See
This
supply
section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for CTC fuse replacement procedures or section Erreur !
Source du renvoi introuvable. for CT/DLC fuse replacement procedures.
ALARM 99 "CTC controller supply FS2 failed (back top CTC)"

This supply feeds the earth isolation shelf and the 5V power supply unit in the alarm concentrator shelf. See
section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for CTC fuse replacement procedures or section Erreur !
Source du renvoi introuvable. for CT/DLC fuse replacement procedures.
ALARM 100 Station Earth Current below Threshold
The PFE earth is set-up so that the station earth bleeds about 25mA at its normal operating earth voltage and
line current. This allows a failure of the station earth to be detected by raising an alarm if the current drops
below 10mA. If the alarm is raised, check the condition and connections of the dedicated station earth.
ALARM 101 "Dummy load shutdown"
This alarm is raised if either a dummy load comms or over temperature failure alarm is raised and a power
unit is routed to dummy load.
ALARM 102 "Dummy load over temperature"
This indicates that the dummy load is operating at a temperature above 110C. This could be due to a
failure of the fans or obstruction to the cooling vents. Also check the dummy load controller.
ALARM 103 "CTC/DL rheostats and fans FS4 failed (back top CTC)"
This alarm is only applicable when there is a combined cable terminating and dummy load cubicle. The
supply feeds the dummy load rheostat motors and fans. See section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable.
for CTC fuse replacement procedures or section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for CT/DLC fuse
replacement procedures..
ALARM 104 "DLC rheostats and fans FS2 failed (top front DLC)"
This alarm is only applicable when there is a separate dummy load cubicle. The supply feeds the dummy
load rheostat motors and fans. See section Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. for Dummy Load fuse
replacement procedures.

1 Fault Diagnosis

ALARM 105 "Calibration process failed"
This is due to a problem with calibration ramp. Start the calibration procedure again.
ALARM 106 "Calibration drift outside limit"

This alarm indicates that the monitor readings are significantly different from the DPMs. Either a DPM or
monitor has failed or a DPM or monitor has drifted. On the control panel select Measurements/Monitors and
compare with DPM. If the difference is wide it possibly indicates a hardware fault. If the differences are
close it may be due to drift. In this case it is important to detemine whether it is the monitor or DPM that
has drifted. For more information see the calibration section in the operation manual. Sometimes this alarm
can be caused by severe external interference induced on the land cable.
ALARM 107 "Invalid calibration data"
This indicates that the calibration has failed. This is usually due to the dummy load not being set high
enough. The dummy load should be set to the PFEs Rated Output Voltage (see A4 Book) -300V (+/- 100V). If
the alarm still present, suspect faulty DPM or monitor.
ALARM 108 "Configuration different between PUs"
Serial number incorrectly set up on serial number DIP switch on the logic shelf back plane or there is a
hardware fault indicating incorrect set up. Select Options/Configuration menus on the control panels an
compare the serial number setting for PU1 and PU2. PU2 should be one higher than PU1.
ALARM 109 "Invalid configuration data"
PCN data in PUC memory does not match serial number. When new system voltages are saved using the
save option, the PFE serial number is also saved. This alarm indicates that perhaps a PUC from another
PFE has put in. Restore configuration data using Control/Options/Restore menu.
3 1 16110 "PU voltage monitor signal failed"
ALARM
Appendix Appendix
Check PU monitor unit and optical connections, or if accompanied by alarm 41, logic shelf FS6 is failed.
ALARM 111 "PU current monitor signal failed"
Check PU monitor unit and optical connections, or if accompanied by alarm 41, logic shelf FS6 is failed.
ALARM 112 "Common voltage monitor signal failed"
Check common monitor unit and optical connections, or if accompanied by alarm 41, logic shelf FS6 is
failed.
ALARM 113 "Common current monitor signal failed"
Check common monitor unit and optical connections, or if accompanied by alarm 41, logic shelf FS6 is
failed.
ALARM 114 "Earth current monitor signal failed"
Check earth current unbalance monitor unit and optical connections, or if accompanied by alarm 41, logic
shelf FS6 is failed.
ALARM 115 "Earth voltage monitor signal failed"

Check earth current unbalance monitor unit and optical connections, or if accompanied by alarm 41, logic
shelf FS6 is failed.
ALARM 116 "Power Unit current DPM fail"
Check the Power Unit Current DPM for correct display, if not correct check the connections to the meter (i.e.
comms lead and power lead are connected to the meter), if correct change the meter.
ALARM 117 "Output current DPM fail"
Check the Output Current DPM for correct display, if not correct check the connections to the meter (i.e.
ALARM 118 "Output voltage DPM fail"
Check the Output Voltage DPM for correct display, if not correct check the connections to the meter (i.e.
1 Fault Diagnosis

ALARM 119 "PU battery voltage DPM fail"
Check the Battery Voltage DPM for correct display, if not correct check the connections to the meter (i.e.
Alarm 120 "Local control panel comms failed"
This alarm is raised when the PUC loses communications from the local control panel. If this has happened
the alarm on the other power unit should also be raised. If the 'faulty' control panel is still displaying a
screen it indicates that there is a fault with the communications circuitry. Check the fuse and comms lead.
ALARM 121 to 122
Not used.
ALARM 123 "Comms from other PU failed"
This alarm is raised if there is a RS485 comms failure between the PUCs in the two power units. Switching
off the 50V to one PUC causes the other to raise an alarm. If both are on, check the comms lead or change
each PUC in turn.
ALARM 124
Not used.
ALARM 125 " inter-PUC network management data link failed"
Check the RS422 comms leads between the PUC in PU1 and PU2.
ALARM 126 "CTC comms failed"
Check cable terminating cubicle is switched on. Check the comms lead between cable terminating cubicle
and
the logic shelf backplane via the interface card.
3 1 17
Appendix Appendix
PFE (Power 127

Feed Equipment)
R 4.4 Description
ALARM
"Dummy
load comms failed"
Check that the comms lead is connected and the dummy load controller is switched on and dummy load fuse
FS1 on top front of dummy load cubicle is serviceable.
ALARM 128 "Alarm concentrator comms failed"
At start-up of the PUC, the software sends are you there messages to all possible alarm concentrator
addresses. This alarm is raised, if an alarm concentrator, having replied Im here then subsequently fails
to respond to a regular poll message. Check the RS422 comms leads between the alarm concentrator and the
logic shelf backplane.
ALARM 129
Not used.
ALARM 130 Discharge Failed
This alarm is only valid when the PFE is equipped with the optional Discharge Unit.
This alarm may be raised following a discharge operation by the operator. It indicates at the end of the
operation that there is still at least 200V on the cable head. It may be because the discharge circuit has
failed to operate correctly, or a PFE somewhere on the system is still powering. Ensure all PFEs are
shutdown and try again. If it continues to fail, try the discharge function in the other Power Unit, or in the
PFE at the distant end.
If the discharge circuit failed to operate, then replace the discharge unit.
ALARM 131 to 132
Not used.

End of module
Appendix
3 1 18
Appendix Appendix

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