Minoan Period

-3000

-2500

Bronze Age in
Crete

-2000

-1900

-1800

Mycenaean Period
-1700

-1600

-1500

1700Palaces in Crete destroyed by earthquakes

2000Crete unified under a monarchy

-1400

-1300

Dark Age
-1200

:1400Achaeans conquer and destroy Knossos

-1100

-1000

(traditional )1068End of Athenian monarchy under Codrus

Archaic Period
-900

Archaic Period

-700

-800

-600
Cylon attempts to become tyrant, escapes after 632being opposed. His followers are executed by Megacles,
" giving rise to the "Curse of the Alcmaeonids

ATHENS

.Draco passes 1st written code of laws 621-

to -1184 )traditional dates( 1194TROJAN WAR

GREECE

[probable but disputed ]1650Volcanic eruption destroys Thera

Kypselos ]Corinth[ 655Teagenes ]Megara[ 640Cylon ]Athens[ 632Periander ]Corinth[ 625-

Crotona 710 ]Rhypes[

c. -750 to -650
1st major burst of colonization

Thrasybulus ]Miletus[ 610-

Taras 706(Tarantum)
]Sparta[

Cumae ]Chalcis and Eretria[ 760Zankle (Messina) ]Corinth[? 750Rhegion ]Chalcis[ 746-

Neapolis 660-

Sybaris ]Helike[ 721-

Massalia ]Phocaea[ 660-

Naxos, Sicily ]Chalcis[ 735-

Byzantion ]Megara[ 657 -

Corcyra ]Corinth[ 735Syracuse ]Corinth[ 734-

Naukratis ]Thera[ 635Kyrene ]Thera[ 630 -

to -724 1st Messenian War 743-

SPARTA

to -668 2nd Messenian War 685-

850Lycurgus creates Spartan constitution

776First Olympic Games

750"Hesiod writes "Works and Days

Carthage founded (traditional date) 814-

WORLD
EVENTS

700Cimmerians migrate to Asia Minor

Phrygia captured by Cimmerians; 652.King Midas commits suicide

Rome founded (traditional date) 753-

ASSYRIAN EMPIRE
Ashurbanipal (669-627)
Ashurbanipal crushes 648Babylonian revolt

MEDIAN EMPIRE
Medes capture Nineveh, 612Assyrian capital

NEO BABILONIAN EMPIRE

Nabopolasar (626-605)

KINGDOM OF LYDIA
Gyges (690-657)

Allyates II (617-560)

[Gyges captures Ionian cities]

[Lydia introduces coinage]

-3000

-2500

-2000

-1900

-1800

-1700

-1600

-1500

-1400

-1300

-1200

-1100

-1000

-900

-800

-700

-600

Archaic Period
-600

-500

Cylon attempts to become tyrant, escapes after 632being opposed. His followers are executed by Megacles,
" giving rise to the "Curse of the Alcmaeonids

-400

Peisistratus succeeded by 527.Hippias and Hipparchus

Athens under 570Peisistratus conquers

Salamis

.Draco passes 1st written code of laws 621-

Cimon wrests Byzantium from 477.Sparta

Hipparchus murdered 514-

Solon reforms code of laws 594-

to -432 Parthenon built 447-

.Delian League formed 478-

-200

-300

-200

Long walls destroyed. Thirty Tyrants rule in 404.Athens

.Plague in Athens 430-

.Themistocles ostracized 472-

Cleomenes I 510of Sparta overthrows Athenian

tyrant Hippias.
Alcmaeonids under
Cleis-thenes
.restore democracy

-300

.Democracy restored in Athens 403-

.Death of Pericles 429-

.Socrates executed 399-

.Naxos is forced to remain in the Delian League 469-

Plato founds the 387""Academy

.Spartans refuse Athenian aid to crush Helot rebellion 462.Ostracism of Cimon 461.Pericles rises to power 460Ionian Revolt
(499-493)
to -445 1st Peloponnesian War 460Aristagoras of Miletus seeks aid from 499.Athens and Eretria

.Athenian intervention in Egypt ends in disastrous failure 454-

to -346 3rd Sacred War 356-

to -448 2nd Sacred War 449-

.Miletus burned by Persians 494-

Athenians defeated by Beotians; Thebes regains 447.control at Beotia. New wave of Athenian colonization

.Persians recover Thrace 492-

MARATHON 490-

.........c. ...... to
2nd major burst of colonization
Periander ]Corinth[ 625-

to -400 "The Ten Thousand", Greek 401mercenaries in the employ of Cyrus the
Younger defeat Artaxerxes II in battle of
Cunaxa, and after the death of Cyrus fight
fight their way back to the sea under
.leadership of Xenophon

.Athens builds Long Walls 458.Athens defeats Corinth and takes Megara as protectorate 458-

Uprisings in Thrace, Cyprus and Asia 498Minor. Sardis burned by Ionians, who are
.defeated upon return to the coast

Athens with aid from

Plataea defeats Persian
.army
Elea ]Phocaea[ 545Emporion ]Phocaea[ 540-

Thrasybulus ]Miletus[ 610-

Greek defeat at battle of 540.Alalia marks end of colonization

Dispute between Samos and Miletus 440Athens intervenes in Corcyra in open 435opposition to Corinth, which calls on Sparta
.for Aid. Athenian embargo against Megara

Congress at the Isthmus of Corinth 481-

to -404 Peloponnesian War 431-

THERMOPYLAE

298 480Spartans and 700 Thebans die

holding the pass against the full
might of the Persian army.
.Persians burn Athens

Cleisthenes ]Sicyon[ 600Pittacus ]Mytilene[ 589Polycrates ]Samos[ 535-

Peisistratos ]Athens[ 561-

year truce signed between Sparta and-30 445Athens

.New silver deposits discovered in Attica 483-

1st Persian
Invasion (492490)

Miltiades ]Thracian 520Chersonese[

Spartans besiege Athens, whose 431inhabitants seek refuge within the

.Long Walls

SPHACTERIA 425-

2nd Persian
Invasion (480479)

Spartans surrender rather than

fight to the death. 120 citizens
.are captured

SALAMIS 480-

Athenian navy crushes the

.Persians in the straits

.Spartans take Amphipolis; Athenians take Cythera 424-

PLATAEA 479-

Deaths of Brasidas and Cleon; Alcibiades rises 422.to power in Athens

Alliance of Greek city

.states defeats Persians

.Peace of Nicias 421-

LEUCTRA 371-

Thebans under
Epaminondas defeat
.Spartan army

MANTINEA 418Sparta and allies defeat

.Athens and Argos

HIMERA 480-

.Athenian expedition to Syracuse; Alcibiades defects to Sparta 415-

Greeks defeat
.Carthaginians in Sicily

Athenian forces in Syracuse destroyed. Spartans fortify 413.outpost in Attica to harass Athens
.Alcibiades flees from Sparta and joins Athenian navy 412-

CUMAE 474-

Lysander commands Spartan fleet, defeats 407Athenians off Ionia. Alcibiades flees to Thracian
.Chersonese

Etruscan defeat at
sea begins their
.decline

AIGOSPOTAMOS 405.Spartan naval victory

KINGS OF SPARTA ------------Cleomenes I

Pleistarchus

ETC.

Pausanias

Leonidas I

Pleistoanax

Pausanias is sentenced 471and killed after rousing Helots

.to revolt
Sparta destroyed by an 464earthquate; Helots revolt (3rd
Messenian War)

to -585 1st Sacred War 595Pythian Games founded 582-

Rome becomes a Republic 509-

PERSIAN EMPIRE
Cyrus the Great )559-530(
Cambyses II (530-523)
Darius The Great (522-486)
Xerxes I (486-465)
Cyrus conquers Median Empire 550-

Artaxerxes I (465-424)
Darius II (423-404)
Artaxerxes II (404-359)

Cyrus conquers Lydian Kingdom 546Medes capture Nineveh, 612Assyrian capital

Artaxerxes III (359-338)

Egyptian rebellion 483against Persian rule gives

"Athens a "stay of execution

Artaxerxes IV Arses (338-336)

Darius III (336-330)

Cyrus conquers Neo Babylonian Empire 538-

NEO BABILONIAN EMPIRE

Darius conquers Thrace 512-

Nebuchadnezzar II )605-562(
Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jewish temple 597of Jerusalem; Jews deported to Babylon

Allyates II (617-560)
Croessus (560-546)
Battle of the Eclipse between 585Lydia and Media

-600

-500

-400

-100

-100