June 1, 2000
Editorial Revisions November 1, 2004
GUIDE TO SSPC-VIS 2
Standard Method of
Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
1. Scope
D 610
3 . 3 I N T E R N AT I O N A L O R G A N I Z AT I O N F O R
STANDARDIZATION (ISO) STANDARD:
4628-3
2. Description
5. Rust Distribution
2.3 Standard reference photographs depict the appearance
of painted steel surfaces with the appropriate percentage of
rusting for various distributions of the rust. The rusting depicted
in the photographs is not accompanied by blistering, but the
photographs show staining associated with the rust. Black and
white images highlight only those areas that are rusted. Both
the color photographs and the black and white images enable
the evaluator to assign an accurate rust grade.
3. Referenced Standards
VIS 3
2-37
Guide to SSPC-VIS 2
June 1, 2000
Editorial Revisions November 1, 2004
7.3.3 Rust undercutting at a damaged area, at a broken
blister, or at a place where the painted surface meets a rusted
area, shall be considered as visible rust in the determination of
the rust grade. A dull putty knife may be used to remove loose
coating, thereby exposing the rusted areas.
6. Conditions Depicted
6.1 The standard contains 27 color photographs of painted
surfaces and the corresponding black and white rust images
illustrating the maximum percentage of rusting allowed for each
rust grade from rust grade 9 to rust grade 1 for three different
rust distributions. Each color photograph and black and white
image are labeled with the corresponding numerical rust grade
followed by a letter indicating the type of rust distribution. The
percentage of visible rust is also shown with each reference
photograph. No photographs are used to depict rust grade 10
(less than 0.01 percent rust) or to depict rust grade 0 (over 50
percent rust). (See Note 9.5.)
7. Procedures
8. Disclaimer
8.1 While every precaution is taken to ensure that all
information furnished in SSPC guides and standards is as
7.3 DETERMINE RUST GRADE: The rust grade is determined by the percentage of visible rust on the surface as dened
in Table 1. If rust buildup is evident under the coating, as in a
rust blister or as rust undercutting, then that rusted area shall
be included in the determination of the rust grade.
TABLE 1
SCALE AND DESCRIPTION OF RUST GRADES
Photographic Standard
Rust Grade
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2-38
Spot
General
Pinpoint
NONE
9-S
9-G
9-P
8-S
8-G
8-P
7-S
7-G
7-P
6-S
6-G
6-P
5-S
5-G
5-P
4-S
4-G
4-P
3-S
3-G
3-P
2-S
2-G
2-P
1-S
1-G
1-P
NONE
Guide to SSPC-VIS 2
June 1, 2000
Editorial Revisions November 1, 2004
9.3 Table 2 compares the rust grades dened by ISO
4628-3 with the European rust scale and with the rust grades
dened by this standard.
9.4 Spot rusting has been associated with barrier coatings such as epoxy or urethane coatings. General rusting
has been associated with oil, alkyd, and latex paints. Pinpoint
rusting has been associated with untopcoated zinc-rich coatings, thin inadequately applied coatings, or as ash rusting on
waterborne primers.
9. Notes
9.1 The rust grade scale is designed for use in distinguishing relatively large changes in the percentage of rust
on the surface. For example, this standard is not intended to
distinguish between 3.5 and 3.6% rust, even if electronic scanning equipment is used. For low rust levels, the amount of rust
must triple before falling to the next rust grade. The standard
photographs and the black and white images aid the inspector
in distinguishing between adjacent rust grades.
9.6 The nature of a blister can usually be determined visually, by touching it, or by breaking it. If the blister has collapsed,
it was a uid lled blister. If liquid ows out and the blister then
collapses, it was a uid lled blister. The hard build-up of rust
beneath the paint can usually be felt by touching the blister,
thereby identifying it as a rust blister. If these methods are
inconclusive, cutting the blister with a knife or carefully scraping
it off with a dull putty knife will make it easy to determine the
nature of the blister.
R = 8 4 Log (P)
9.7 Fluid lled blisters should not be considered in determining the rust grade. A uid lled blister may form in a relatively short time and then remain intact for years, especially in
immersion environments. A uid lled blister may form between
coats while the steel substrate is still protected.
TABLE 2
APPROXIMATE CORRELATION AMONG
SSPC/ASTM, ISO, AND EUROPEAN
RUST GRADE SCALES
SSPC-VIS 2/ASTM D 610
Area Rusted,
%
<0.01
0.03 to 0.1
0.3 to 1
0.3 to 1
3 to 10
33 to 50
R
10
9
8
7
6
4
3
2
1
0
-1.5
-1.0
0.01%
0.03%
0.1%
-0.5
0.5
0.0
Log (percent rusting)
0.3%
1%
10
8
6
6
4
1
Area Rusted,
%
0
0.05
0.5
1
8
40/50
Rust Grade
Ri 0
Ri 1
Ri 2
Ri 3
RI 4
Ri 5
European Rust
Grade**
Re 0
Re 1
Re 2
Re 3
Re 5
Re 7
* ISO 4628-3
** European scale of degree of rusting for anticorrosive paints published by
the Comit Europen des associations de fabricants de peintures et dncres
dimprimerie in1964.
-2.0
Rust Grade
ISO*
3%
1.5
1.0
10%
16
33
2.0
50
100%
Log (P)
Percent rusting
2-39
Guide to SSPC-VIS 2
June 1, 2000
Editorial Revisions November 1, 2004
Spot Distribution
General Distribution
Pinpoint Distribution
2-40