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SAP AG
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Course Overview
FI-AA
Organizational
Structure
Master Data
Asset Transactions
Old Assets
Data Transfer
FI
balance
sheet
Periodic Processing
Information System
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Customer
G/L Accounts
General Ledger
Fixed assets
Asset
1000
Vendor
Payables
1000
Vendor
Machine press
1000
1000
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The integration of the subsidiary ledgers with the general ledger is as important as the integration of
and in the asset accounts has a direct effect on the corresponding accounts of the general ledger.
Thus the subsidiary ledgers are always in balance with their G/L reconciliation accounts.
The G/L reconciliation accounts need to be set up in advance together with the Fixed Assets
department.
FI
Posting
document
.
.
.
2000
Depreciation areas
Book Tax
...
2000
...
...
1700
Transactions
Acquisitions
line items
Retirements
Settlement of
order/project
CO
IM
PM
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The acquisition posting can be created in the department that is primarily responsible for this business
transaction.
Acquisition with vendor is used when an asset is obtained from a business partner (as opposed to
Acquisition from in-house production). This acquisition of an asset from a third party can be posted in
FI-AP, FI-AA or MM:
integrated with Accounts Payable (invoice receipt), but without reference to a purchase order,
in FI-AA with auto offsetting: recording an asset value with clearing account, but without a vendor
(invoice doesn't exist yet),
with offset clearing: recording an asset value with a vendor and creating the offset entry,
in Materials Management (MM) : The recording can be made with reference to a purchase order, at
goods receipt or invoice receipt.
Acquisition from in-house production is the capitalization of goods or services that are partially
or completely produced in your own enterprise. The costs for these in-house produced goods (such as
replacement parts) or services (such as maintenance measures) have to be capitalized to assets.
Generally, the capitalization of productions costs would be done by creating an order/project and then
settling this object to an asset. If there is no order, you can also manually post production or
maintenance costs to an asset.
Posting:
document data
...
PK 31 Account Vendor
Vendor line
Amount
Tax indicator
asset line
Amount
Tax indicator
Asset value date
Post
Tax amount
Asset
Fork lift
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You can post to the asset and to the vendor in one document in Asset Accounting, using the menu
path Postings > Acquisition > External acquisition > with vendor in the Asset Accounting menu.
The posting lines are suggested, however, you can overwrite them.
The posting debit asset, credit vendor is often made in Accounts Payable. This posting satisfies the
requirements of both Financial Accounting and Asset Accounting.
Transaction type:
Since the asset history sheet report needs to identify the acquisition, retirements and transfers
separately, transaction types are used.
They are required for all asset postings.
Posting key
Account
Amt. Trans.type
31
Vendor
1000
---
70
Asset
1000
100
subsidiary ledger
automatic posting to
general ledger
ASSET
1000
Fixed Assets
1000
09/01/YY
VENDOR
VENDOR
1000
Payables
1000
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When you post to a vendor or an asset account, the relevant general ledger accounts (payables and
Document Number
Company code:
1000
Maintain
interval
Document
Number range
Year
from number
to number
Number status
External
01
YYYY
0100000000
0199999999
0100001000
__
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You define a separate number-range for documents for each company code.
If you do not want the numbers defined as year-dependent, then enter a future year under year.
:
:
:
:
Asset invoice
AN
A,K,M,S
gross amount
minus
input tax
minus discount
capitalized amount
2. Gross
Doc. type
Acct. type
Procedure
:
:
:
:
Asset invoice
AA
A,D,K,M,S
gross amount
minus
input tax
capitalized amount
deduct discount at time of payment?
SAPF181 reverses discount on asset!
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You either use the document type that is defaulted by the system or you enter you own document
type.
You define the document type in the FI implementation guide.
It is a two character, alpha-numeric entry that systematizes how documents are stored.
You assign exactly one number range to each document type.
You specify account types that are allowed when making entries with a particular document type.
The document type determines how the posting is processed:
with document type AA' you post gross, that is, without deducting a discount
with document type AN' (KN, RN), the amount capitalized to the asset is reduced by the
discount.
If you deduct the discount at the time of the payment, you have to run the program SAPF181 to
subsequently reverse the discount on the asset.
If you pay late, the program SAPF181 corrects the asset, too.
Transaction Type
post to asset
Asset history sheet
Starting
balance
Acquis.
...
Retmt.
...
Transfer
...
Closing
balance
Transaction type
###
account assignment
document
debit/credit
master record
capitalize/
deactivate
transfer/retirement
retiremt. w. revenue?
repay investment
support
Post gain/loss to
asset
acquisition in same
year
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Transaction types are used with every posting. They identify acquisitions, retirements and
transfers.
The asset history sheet reports and other FI-AA reports use this identifier to show the different kinds of
transactions separately (for example, the transaction type specifies where the value change is shown
in the asset history sheet: as a retirement of a prior-year acquisition or of a current-year acquisition).
The transaction type specifies which:
accounts in an account allocation,
depreciation areas and
value fields should be updated.
When defining the transaction types you have to enter information concerning the characteristics of
the transaction (for example, retirement/inter- or intra-company transfer).
You can define your own transaction types in order to be able to represent certain transactions
separately in reports.
110
Acquisition inhouse
production
210
Retirement sale
200
Retirement scrapping
10
1#
10 Acquisition
260
...
34n
Transfer asset under
construction
20
3nn
Transfer affiliated
company
30
3n Transfer
...
reporting
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Every transaction type belongs to a transaction type group. The transaction type group defines
Accounts Payable
CLEARING ACCOUNT
1000
VENDOR
1000
1000
Asset Accounting
Fork lift
1000
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You may use this kind of acquisition posting (debit to clearing account, credit to vendor) if
you have not created an asset master record or if
the invoice arrived before the asset.
(You can also post debit to clearing account, credit to vendor if you have already posted to the
asset.)
Postings > Acquisition > External acquisition > Automatic offsetting entry:
You would use this transaction if the asset master record exists, but the invoice has not yet
arrived.
When the asset acquisition is posted in two steps or in two different
departments, you normally post to a clearing account. Use a general ledger account with open
item management to guarantee that you can clear this account.
Either the FI department includes this clearing account in their periodic run of the SAPF123
(Automatic clearing program) or the clearing account has to be cleared in an additional step
(see below).
Postings > Acquisition > External acquisition > Clearing offsetting entry:
If you use this menu path, the clearing account is automatically cleared at the same time you post
debit to asset, credit to clearing account.
(You can also use this transaction and post credit to vendor after having posted debit to
asset, credit to clearing account in a prior step.)
Purchase order
Goods receipt
valuated?
master record
Fork lift
required
non-valuated?
Goods receipt
or
Invoice receipt
R
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This demonstrates an asset acquisition with MM integration; showing the purchase requisition,
09/02/YYYY
Vendor:
Purchase price:
1
10,000 net
Master record
3100
Capitalization on
09/02/YYYY
Orig. acquis. on 09/02/YYYY
Acquis. period
YYYY009
Depreciation area
01
02
20
:
Dep. start
07/01/YYYY
07/01/YYYY
09/01/YYYY
:
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The following information is automatically set in the asset master record at the time of the first
acquisition posting:
date of capitalization
posting date of original acquisition
acquisition period
depreciation start date per depreciation area.
Transaction
> Default original acquisition value date in asset master record:
initial acquisition
> Posting date/capitalization date
subsequent acq.
> Capitalization date of initial acquisition
subsequent acq. in later years > posting date
If you have special needs regarding the asset value date, you can assign a value date variant to each
company code. It contains rules for the different asset transactions. They effect that the asset value
date is determined, for example, by the capitalization date.
Dep. calculation
Depreciation depreciation
area
key
useful
life
01
:
:
20
LINR
(str.-line, half yr. rule)
10
LINA
(str.-line, pro rata)
10
Dep. start
07/01/CYYY
09/01/CYYY
Dep. start
07/01/CYYY
09/01/CYYY
Planned depreciation
500
6/12 =
333
4/12 =
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The asset value date determines the depreciation start date of the asset. This is done in combination
Caution: The posting date and the asset value date always have to be in the same fiscal year!
Asset Retirement
- Acquis. date 01/01/YYYY- 1, APC 6000
- Complete retirement of APC on 03/15/YYYY
- Revenue 4000 + 400 sales tax
Posting:
Document date
03/15/YYYY
Posting date
03/15/YYYY
PK 01
Account: Customer
Customer line
Amount
Calc. tax
4400
Tax indicator
PK 50
Revenue line
Amount
Tax indicator
R
Asset retirement
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Select the field asset retirement in the revenue account. You reach a window, in which you can
enter:
the number of the asset
the retirement transaction type
the asset value date
the portion of historical APC being retired, or the indicator for complete retirement.
P/L statement
Retirement
revenue
Customer
4400
Tax
4000
400
Assets posting
Clearing of
retirement
Asset
1
3
1
2
6000
700
6000
APC
amount retired
4000
Loss
1300
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with/without revenue
using mass retirement (> Mass Retirement).
In this example the asset is completely retired with revenue received from a customer.
You record the asset sale:
The system removes the acquisition and production costs and respective accumulated
depreciation. It records the gain/loss.
The gain/loss postings are linked with transaction types.
For a partial asset retirement, the proportional values are automatically calculated and posted.
The values of the accounts retirement revenue/clearing of retirement are shown in the supplement of
the balance sheet.
Note: in this example the accumulated depreciation is not shown, but it is the basis for calculating the
value adjustment.
APC on 01/01/YYYY-1
6000
600
5400
5400
- Depreciation up to 02/YYYY
100
5300
SALE 03/15/YYYY
4000
LOSS
1300
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The system determines the reference period for the asset retirement based on the asset value date
Mass Retirement
Entries for
mass retirement
Asset
Short text:
Asset
Task:
1
Retirement
Plant 0001
Retmt. w/ revenue
posting date
document date
transaction type
asset value date
revenue distribution
prop. to APC
prop. to net book
value
revenue
Option to release or
process the work list
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Mass retirement with and without revenue is predefined as a standard task in the system.
To perform a mass retirement proceed as follows:
3.
Select the appropriate purpose of the work list:
Retirement without revenue or
Retirement sale (with revenue)
4.
Asset Transfer
Asset
transfer
transfer to
to
XXXX
Posting date
Transaction type
MMDDYYYY
300
Asset
ZZZZ
MMDDYYYY
Complete transfer
automatic determination
and posting of proportional
value adjustments
Posted amount
....
Percentage rate
R
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transaction that creates a new record at the target company and posts the values according to the
posting method selected.
Intracompany transfer indicates a transfer within one company.
The asset has changed location. As a result, you have to change organizational allocations (such
as asset class, business area) in the master record that cannot otherwise be changed.
The asset needs to be split. Therefore, a portion of the original asset will be transferred to a new
asset.
Stock material (goods created by your enterprise or bought) needs to be transferred to an asset.
The asset under construction needs to transfer its costs to a real (depreciable) asset (> Settlement
Of Asset Under Construction).
For the intracompany transfer you enter a transfer transaction type. In the screen that follows, enter
the asset to which you want to make the transfer, and the amount of APC that is being transferred.
The system automatically determines the proportional value adjustments, as it does for retirements.
Master record
Fork lift
acquisition/
transfer
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company code. The system uses posting date and currency type from the document type in the
transaction.
In a future release the intercompany transfer will be integrated into FI-AP/AR posting transactions.
Transfer
variant
Transfer
method
Relationship
type
Transaction
type for
acquisition
Depreciation
area
+
Transaction
type for
disposal
Copy rules
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In the transfer variant you specify transfer methods. They define which values are posted to
cross-system depreciation area that has the same function and significance in all charts of
depreciation in one client of a corporate group.
If you do not use a cross-system depreciation area, you have to make a generic entry (*) for the
cross-system depreciation area. This entry is valid for all depreciation areas.
Copy rules: Determine which fields have to be taken over from the asset master record in the
sending company code to the asset master record in the target company code. This rule applies to
general master data fields as well as to depreciation terms and depreciation areas in the master
record.
Relationship type
01
CC 1000
CC ####
(legal entity)
02
CC 1000
CC 1001
Retirement
sending
receiving
23#
30#
Transaction
types
Acquisition
15#
31#
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The transfer method defines how the values are posted to the target company code.
separate legal entities. If the company codes belong to different R/3 Company IDs, it is assumed that
they form separate legal entities (type 01). Otherwise, it is assumed that they are legally one unit
(type 02). Exceptions to this default rule can be defined in a standard program exit.
There are three different transfer methods:
Gross:
APC and accumulated depreciation (typically used for transfer within one legal entity:
relationship type 02.)
Net:
only net book value, no depreciation (typically used for transfer between separate legal
entities: relationship type 01).
New value: Gain/loss is posted in the sending company code, the transfer price is the APC in the
target company code, no depreciation is taken over: relationship type 01).
Company codes belonging to one legal unit (type 2) always use transfer method gross.
The assignment of transaction types to every transfer variant controls the position of the transfer
value in the asset history sheet. They also define the handling of revenue.
The transaction types have to fit with the transfer method (if you choose gross, you take a
transaction type that posts gross - this is checked by the system).
Cross system
depreciation area
Depr. area
01
01
01
10
02
02
15
03
03
Chart
of depr. Depr. area
20
25
30
10
20
30
Chart
of depr.
10
20
30
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If the company codes belong to different charts of depreciation that use different depreciation areas
with the same function and significance, you can define a cross-system depreciation area.
This area has the same significance in all charts of depreciation in one client of a corporate group.
The cross-system depreciation area consists of a key and a description and has no control
parameters of its own.
If you assign local depreciation areas of various charts of depreciation to one cross-system
depreciation area, they will have the same key in all clients. You can specify different transfer
methods for different cross-system depreciation areas in a transfer variant.
If you do not use a cross-system depreciation area, you have to make a generic entry (*) for
the cross-system depreciation area. This entry is valid for all cross-system areas for which you
have not made a specific entry.
Vendor 1000
Vendor 1000
Master
Master record
Fork lift
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If you transfer values into the target company code you need a master record. You can either transfer
the acquisition value to an already existing master record in the target company code or you create a
new asset master record in the target company code.
As you want to keep as much data from the sending master record you should copy it.
Define a copy rule for every transfer variant. This rule dictates which fields have to be taken over
from the sending asset master record to the asset master record in the target company code.
This rule applies to general master data fields as well as to the depreciation areas in the master
record.
The copy rules are independant from those of the asset class of the sending company code ( screen
layout of the asset class).
With these copy rules you decide if you want
to take over the original depreciation start date of the asset,
the useful life of the original asset in the new asset.
You can define substitution rules that substitute automatically the field contents of cost centers,
asset class, location and depreciation terms.
The system copies partner company ID, year of capitalization in the sending company code, original
value and other data into the new master record.
Comp.
code:
####
Asset
2100
Asset:
existing
new
No Revenue
Manual value
Net book value from area __
copy from
...
Transfer
complete transfer
partial transfer
Amount
Create Asset
Asset class
Sub-number
Master data
...
additional data
...
.....
R
% portion .....
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In FI you need to allow cross company code posting and to specify a document type for
intercompany postings.
Enter the transfer variant. Together with the transfer method it determines, how the transfer has to
be posted.
The revenue handling is independent from the transfer method. You determine it by the transaction
types assigned to the transfer variant and by the entry that you can make in the section revenue:
Legally one unit: set no revenue, no revenue input is necessary.
Legally separate units: Set revenue equal to net book value in depreciation area 01 in order to
avoid inter company gain or loss posting.
Post to an existing asset master record or create a master record in the target company code.
Use the same asset class if applicable, enter the most important master record data or use the
original master record as reference.
Acquisitions
Investment
support measures
Special
depreciation
Completed assets
Asset 3
Retmt.
Transfers
A.u.C.
Buildings
Asset 2
Asset 1
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Assets you produce yourself have two phases that are relevant to Asset Accounting:
phases. Therefore, they have to be managed using a different object or asset master record during
the under-construction phase than for the completed asset. The transfer from the under-construction
phase to completed asset is referred to here as capitalization of the asset under construction. You
can manage assets under construction in the FI-AA System in two ways (depending on the functions
you need):
as a 'normal' asset master record
as an asset master record with line item management.
With the capitalization of the asset under construction you transfer the values to a completed asset.
This transfer is either done in a lump sum or with line item settlement (see above).
When capitalizing the asset under construction, the system automatically separates the transactions
from the previous years from the transactions from the current year by using transaction types.
If you have more extensive capital investment measures, you could use the R/3 IM (Investment
Management) module. Here, you can represent capital investments simultaneously as assets under
construction (for accounting purposes) and internal orders or projects (for controlling purposes).
Invoice
Engineers, Inc.
steel girders
excavation
100%
Office
building
1
70%
Assets
Invoice
Constructo, Inc.
Asset u. Const. beams
construction
Invoice
Electro, Ltd.
copper cable
Installation
20%
Heating
system
10%
Lighting
80%
3
10%
Cost Center
Expense
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When performing a line item settlement of an asset under construction to one or more completed
Current-Value Depreciation
example:
Max. amount
1000
Value date
MMDDYYYY
Offset account
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In addition to the automatic calculation of depreciation using depreciation keys, you can also plan
posted (for example, current-value depreciation allowed for balance sheet depreciation, but not for tax
depreciation).
After you have manually planned depreciation, the system does not yet create a related FI general
ledger document. This document is generated by the depreciation posting program.
Verification:
You can verify manually planned depreciation using a special report (Info system Report selection
Depreciation lists Manual depreciation).
Similarly, you can post write-ups or post-capitalization by choosing the appropriate transaction type
and the depreciation areas you want to post.
originates:
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