y in Dubai
A School of Engineering
Infrastructure Sustainability
and
Assessment Center
Evaluation of Service Life of Reinforced Concrete
Structures in the Middle East
By
MEDRC
What is Durability
Durability by definition is the ability of concrete to
resist weathering action, chemical attack, and
abrasion
b i while
hil maintaining
i t i i itits d
desired
i d engineering
i
i
properties
C
t ingredients,
i
di t proportions
ti
d iinteraction
t
ti
Concrete
and
Placement and curing
Sulphate Attack
A reaction between sulphate ions and
calcium hydroxide and form gypsum and
ettringite.
BRE and ACI 201 Classification in UAE
Low w/c ration and use of SCM
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Corrosion
Deterioration of a material as a result of reaction
What is Corrosion
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12
13
14
15
Industrial Structures
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Marine Structures
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Corrosion damage on
reinforced concrete bridge
structures
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19
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Cost of Corrosion
1995 report:
$300 Billion/yr (4.2% of the GNP)
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0.5 B.
State of Kuwait
2.17 B.
Sultanate of Oman
1.3 B.
State of Qatar
1.1 B.
13.0 B.
United
Arab
Emirates
U it d A
bE
i t
3.7
B.
37B
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23
Service Life
24
25
26
Service Life
The period of time during which a structure meets or exceeds
Service Life
27
Kysti Tuutti
Tuuttis Service Life
Model
Loss of cross-section
Limit
End of
S i Lif
Service
Life
Low-quality
covercrete
Corrosion Rate
(m/year)
High-quality
covercrete
Time
28
DC/dt = D. d2C/dx2
C Chloride content
T time
X depth (from exposed surface)
D apparent diffusion coefficient
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Diffusion
Surface
Concentration
Concentration Profile
Time = t
Depth, X
Courtesy: N. Carino
30
31
Results
0.16
Mean Cover
0.13
0.02
m /s
%
%
0.12
Max Cover
C
Min Cover
0.1
Prediction when
Corrosion initiated
0.08
Threshold Cl
0.06
Cl (% by wt. conncrete)
6.10E-13
D=
Cs =
Co =
0.14
0.04
Measured
Data
0.02
0
Fitted curve
0
10
20
30
40
Samples
C x = C sn (1 erf
x
t
2 D ca .t o .( ) n
to
50
60
70
80
90
100
Depth (mm)
Best Fit
32
Service Life
33
How to Achieve it
Concrete Mix Design
Use of corrosion inhibitor and other corrosion
preventive methods.
Construction practice
Curing, surface protection, curing temperature
Q
Q procedures
p
QA/QC
34
35
36
400
Mix 2
Mix 3
Mix 4
Mix 5
400
400
400
136
Mix 6
400
SRC
264
GGBS
MS
Fly Ash
Total
Cement
400
400
400
400
400
400
Water
200
200
200
160
160
160
w/c
0.50
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
37
Mix 7
Mix 8
Mix 9
Mix
10
Mix
11
OPC
400
400
400
400
136
SRC
264
GGBS
32
MS
Fly Ash
120
Total
Cement
400
400
Water
160
w/c
0 40
0.40
20
264
20
120
80
400
400
400
160
160
160
160
04
0.4
04
0.4
04
0.4
04
0.4
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Concrete Mixing
39
Concrete Mixing
40
41
42
RCPT
R id Chl
Rapid
Chloride
id permeability
bilit T
Testt
An Acceptance Test???
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44
45
46
Specimen Preparation
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Specimens Preparation
48
Specimens Preparation
49
Specimens Preparation
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
Selected Sites
The selected sites cover most of the ME marine
exposure conditions
Arabian Gulf exposure (Dubai)
Dead Sea
Mediterranean Sea
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59
60
61
62
63
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Conclusions
Arabian Peninsula and Gulf region is most corrosive
location in the world
Corrosion is the main durability factor leads to
deterioration of concrete structures
Use of Quality Concrete and corrosion protection
systems such as corrosion inhibitors is the key to
achieve the required service life
MEDRC focuses on assessing and optimizing the
service life of RC structures in the Middle East
This study will provide tools to the construction
community in the region to achieve long lasting
concrete.
t
65
Thank you
Questions?
66