CHAPTER 6 : CURVES MEASUREMENT, LONGITUDINAL SECTION AND CROSS

SECTION

6.0

INTRODUCTION
In the construction of a road, railway, large diameter underground pipeline or similar,
having set out the proposed centre line on the ground, levels are taken at regular intervals
both along it and at right angles to it to obtain the longitudinal and cross-sections.
When plotting the longitudinal section, the vertical alignment is designed and the
formation levels along the centre line are calculated.
Each cross-section (CS) is drawn and the area between the existing and proposed levels is
calculated. Both the longitudinal section and the cross-section are usually drawn with
their horizontal and vertical scales at different values.

Figure 6 1. The feature consider on road cross section

6.1

AIM
The aim of this task is to produce the long and cross section plan

6.2

OBJECTIVE
Cross section surveys

To collect the condition of earth surface

Surface information is normally required on each side of the proposed centre line.

Long Section suveys

To transfer the height of the centerline of the road

To get the long section graph that show the changes of earth surface every
chainage

6.3

LOCATION

Location

Duration Time : 07:30 18:00

Date

: Kolej Tun Mamat, UiTM Bandaraya Melaka.

: 11-02-2015 to 14-02-2015

6.4 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

In the construction of a road, railway large diameter underground pipeline or similar

having set out the proposed center line on the ground. Levels are taken at regular interval
both along it and at right angles to it to obtain the longitudinal and cross section. The
purpose of the long section and cross section is use to get in cut and fill the land

6.4.1

Longitudinal section
A longitudinal section displays the shape or profile of the existing ground surface
along the proposed centre line (alignment) of the construction. These type of
survey are often used in roads, dams and railways constructions.The numbers are
written along the vertical lines which represent "chainages" along the longitudinal
section.

6.4.2

Cross section
A cross section survey is the measurement of positions in a straight line
(orthogonal) through a built or proposed structure. Hence additional surface
information is normally required on each side of the proposed center line .By
these method the
For cross section the point where the center lines meet the cross section is taken as
the origin. The distances from center line to points where the levels were taken are
plotted horizontally to the left and right of the origin with the levels being plotted
vertically.

6.5 PROCEDURE

6.5.1 Long Section

i.

Set up the Total station at control point 1 and back bearing to CRM

ii.

M00146/1
Record the height of the instrument (hi) total station, height of the target (ht)

iii.
iv.

prism and mini prism pole in the total station

Then shoot to the target (prism) that fixes on the pegging.
Take the bearing distance, vertica, VD to transfer height from CP 1 to every

v.

chainage
The Reduced level can be obtained by using formula RLb=RLa+HiV-Ht

6.5.2 Cross Section

i.

Set the instrument on the intersection chainage 35.Set prism at infront

ii.

chainage.Set bearing 00000.

Record the height of the instrument (hi) total station, height of the target (ht)

iii.

prism and mini prism pole in the total station.

Collect the condition of the earth surface cross the chainage on 15 metres left
and right side of the chainage. Observed the detail from the chainage every 5

RESULT

iv.

meters until 15 meters

If have the drastic changes of land surface with in the 15meters we should take

v.

the reading (example drainage,hill,)

The Reduced level can be obtained by using formula RLb=RLa+HiV-Ht

ANALYSIS